Ace Ahead Mathematics S & T Volume 1

Exam Practice 5 Hence, αβ = 12

β
α, —
冢 冣
y
1. 9x2 + y2 = 36 Coordinates of mid-point of OQ = —
2 2
y2
x 2 + —–
—– =1
6
α ......(1)
Let x = —
4 36 2
–2 2
x
β
y = — ......(2)
Coordinates are 2
(0, ± 6) and (±2, 0). –6
Eliminating α and β from these equations,
2 2
2. (x – 5) + (y – 7) = 25 α = 2x, β = 2y
Coordinates of C = (5, 7) αβ = 4xy
4xy = 12
7–3 =—
Gradient of PC = ——– 4
5–2 3 xy = 3
3 xy = 3 is the locus of the midpoint of OQ.
Hence, gradient of tangent = – —
4 6. Let P be the point (α, β).
Equation of tangent at P: P lies on the curve 4x2 + y2 = 36.
y – 3 = –—3 (x – 2) Hence, 4α2 + β 2 = 36 ......(1)
4 β
α + 1, —
4y – 12 = –3x + 6
3x + 4y = 18
Coordinates of midpoint of AP = ——–
2 冢 2 冣
α + 1
Let x = ——– ⇒ α = 2x – 1
2
3. Equation of line with gradient m and passing
β
through P(0, 18): y = — ⇒ β = 2y
2
y – 18 = mx
Substitute α = 2x – 1 and β = 2y into (1),
mx – y + 18 = 0
4(2x – 1)2 + 4y2 = 36
Perpendicular distance from C(4, 6) to this
(2x – 1)2 + y2 = 9
4m – 6 + 18 = ————
line: —————– 4m + 12 y2 = 9 – (2x – 1)2
m2 + 1 m2 + 1 = 9 – 4x2 + 4x – 1
If the line is a tangent to the circle centre C, = 4(2 + x – x2)
then, = 4(2 – x)(1 + x)
4m + 12 = 10 This equation is the locus of the midpoint of AP.
————
m2 + 1 7. y
4(m + 3) = 10 m2 + 1
Q
2(m + 3) = 5 m2 + 1 P(at2, 2at)
x
Squaring, 4(m + 3)2 = 25(m2 + 1) O
4m2 + 24m + 36 = 25m2 + 25 y2 = 4ax
21m2 – 24m – 11 = 0 [shown]
冢 冣
2
Coordinates of midpoint of PQ are —– at , 2at
4. Gradient of the line P 2
(2, –6) at2 ......(1)
Let x = —–
1.
3y – x + 2 = 0 ......(1) is — 2
3
y = 2at ......(2)
Gradient of PQ = –3. y
Equation of PQ: Q From (2), t = —–
3y – x + 2 = 0
2a
y + 6 = –3 (x – 2) y
Substitute t = —– into (1),
y = –3x 2a
Substitute y = –3x into (1), –9x – x + 2 = 0 y2
10x = 2
x=— a —–
冢 冣
2 4a2
x =— 1 2
y = 8ax
5 which is the locus of the midpoint of PQ.
When x = — 1 , y = –— 3.
5 5 8. Let P be the point (α, β).
Coordinates of the foot of the perpendicular is P lies on the hyperbola xy = 4.
冢—1 , –—
5
3 .
5 冣 Hence, αβ = 4 ......(1)
Let the coordinates of Q be (x, y).
5. Let Q be the point (α, β). 3α + 2 ⇒ α = ——–– 5x – 2
x = ——–—
Q lies on the curve xy = 12. 5 3

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ACE STPM Math (Text Ans) 3rd.indd 29 3/27/2008 4:13:54 PM

 3β + 0 5y P(α, β) Hence, B(0, 1 – m)
y = ——–— ⇒ β = —–
5 3 2 Coordinates of P are
Substitute α and β into (1),
(5y)
(5x – 2) —––
——–— =4
3
Q(x, y)
冢
21–— 1
m 冣 B(0, 1 – m)
x = ———— ......(1) 2 P(x, y)
3 3 A(1, 0) 3
5y(5x – 2) = 36 (1 – m) ......(2) 1
y = ———–
The locus of the point Q is 5y (5x – 2) = 36. 3 冢1, 0
A 1– —
m 冣
9. y From (2), m = 1 – 3y
冢 c
P cp, —
p 冣 Substitute m = 1 – 3y into (1),

冢 冣
1
3x = 2 1 – ———
x 1 – 3y
O A
B
冢 c
Q cq, —
q 冣 3x(1 – 3y)
3x – 9xy
=
=
2(1 – 3y – 1)
–6y
—c –— c x – 3xy = –2y
p q c(q – p) 3xy – x – 2y = 0 [shown]
Gradient of PQ = ———— = ————–
cp – cq cpq(p – q)
1 11. 2x – 3y = 15 A(6, –1) D
= – —–
pq
Equation of PQ is
c = – —–1 C B(1, 0)
y–— (x – cp)
p pq
pqy – cq = –x + cp 3x + 2y = 3
x + pqy = c(p + q)
At A, y = 0, x = c(p + q) 2x – 3y = 15 ......(1)
Hence, A(c(p + q), 0) 3x + 2y = 3 ......(2)
c(p + q) Solving (1) and (2) for the point D,
At B, x = 0, y = ———–
pq (1) × 2, 4x – 6y = 30 ......(3)
c(p + q) (2) × 3, 9x + 6y = 9 ......(4)
冢
Hence, B 0, ———–
pq 冣 (3) + (4), 13x = 39
x=3
Coordinates of midpoint of PQ
c +— c From (2), 9 + 2y = 3
—
cp + cq p q
冢 冣
y = –3
= ———– , ————
2 2 Hence, D(3, –3)
c(p + q) c(p + q)
冢 冣
Let the centre of the circle C be (x, y).
= ———– , ———–
2 2pq ABCD is a rectangle,
⇒ midpoint of CD = midpoint of AB
Coordinates of midpoint of AB

冢
c(p + q) + 0 0 + c(p + q)
= ———–——, ———–—— 冣 冢 ——–
2
y–3
x + 3 , ——–
2 冣 冢
= ——–6 + 1 , ———
2
–1 + 0
2 冣
2 2pq
Hence, x = 4 and y = 2
冢 冣
c(p + q) c(p + q)
= ———– , ———– Therefore, C(4, 2)
2 2pq
Radius of circle = BC = 32 + 22 = 13
Therefore, Equation of circle is
the midpoint of PQ = the midpoint of AB (x – 4)2 + (y – 2)2 = 13
x2 + y2 – 8x – 4y + 7 = 0
10. y
12. D C
4x

B
(1, 1)
+3

P(x, y)
y

M
–4

x
O A
8
=0

Let P be the point (x, y). A(–7, –8) B(18, –8)

Equation of the line is y – 1 = m(x – 1).
The diagonals of a rhombus bisect at right
At A, y = 0, x = 1 – —1
m angles.

冢
Hence, A 1 – — 1,0
m 冣 Gradient of BD = – —4
3
At B, x = 0, y – 1 = –m 3
y =1–m Gradient of AC = —
4

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ACE STPM Math (Text Ans) 3rd.indd 30 3/27/2008 4:13:55 PM

 Equation of AC is 14.
3 (x + 7) (2, 5) (4, 3)
y+8= —
4 (–g, –f)
x+y=3
4y + 32 = 3x + 21 C
3x – 4y – 11 = 0 ......(1)
BD: 4x + 3y – 48 = 0 ......(2)
Solving (1) and (2) for the point M, Let the equation of the circle be
(1) × 3, 9x – 12y – 33 = 0 ......(3) x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0
(2) × 4, 16x + 12y – 192 = 0 ......(4) Since (2, 5) lies on the circle,
(3) + (4), 25x – 225 =0 4 + 25 + 4g + 10f + c = 0
x =9 29 + 4g + 10f + c = 0 ......(1)
From (1), 27 – 4y – 11= 0 Since (4, 3) lies on the circle,
y=4 16 + 9 + 8g + 6f + c = 0
Hence, M(9, 4) 25 + 8g + 6f + c = 0 ......(2)
Let the coordinates of C be (x, y). The centre (–g, –f) lies on the line x + y = 3.
y–8
x – 7 = 9 and ——– –g – f – 3 = 0 ......(3)
——– =4
2 2 (2) – (1), –4 + 4g – 4f = 0
x = 25, y = 16 –1 + g – f = 0 ......(4)
(3) + (4), –4 – 2f = 0
Therefore, C(25, 16) [shown]
f = –2
Let the coordinates of D be (x, y). From (3), g = –1
x + 18 y–8
——— = 9 and ——– = 4 From (2), 25 – 8 – 12 + c = 0
2 2
x = 0, y = 16 c = –5
Therefore, D(0, 16) Equation of the circle is
x2 + y2 – 2x – 4y – 5 = 0
13.
P(0, 8) 3y – 4x – 24 = 0
Centre is (1, 2).
C(–g, –f) Radius is (4 – 1)2 + (3 – 2)2 = 10
y
3x – y = 7 15.
y2 = 8x A(x1, y1)

C
Let the equation of the circle be
x
x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 O

Since (0, 8) lies on the circle, B(x2, y2)

64 + 16f + c = 0 ......(1)
y = mx – 4
8+f
Gradient of CP = ——– (a) If m = 0, the line is parallel to the x-axis,
g
4 and cuts the curve at only one point.
Gradient of tangent = —
3 Hence, m ≠ 0. [shown]
8+f 3
Hence, ——– = – — y2 = 8x ......(1)
g 4
y = mx – 4 ......(2)
32 + 4f = –3g
Solve (1) and (2) for points of
3g + 4f + 32 = 0 ......(2)
intersection.
C(–g, –f) lies on the line 3x – y = 7. Eliminating y,
–3g + f – 7 = 0 ......(3) (mx – 4)2 = 8x
2 2
(2) + (3), 5f + 25 = 0 m x – 8mx + 16 = 8x
f = –5 m2x2 – 8(m + 1)x + 16 = 0 ......(3)

From (2), 3g – 20 + 32 = 0 For real and distinct roots,

g = –4 b2 – 4ac ⬎ 0
From (1), 64 – 80 + c = 0 64(m + 1) – 64m2 ⬎ 0
2

c = 16 m2 + 2m + 1 – m2 ⬎ 0
2m ⬎ –1
Equation of the circle is 1 [shown]
x2 + y2 – 8x – 10y + 16 = 0 m ⬎ –—
2

31

ACE STPM Math (Text Ans) 3rd.indd 31 3/27/2008 4:13:56 PM

 (b) Roots of equation (3) are x1 and x2. Midpoint of BD = midpoint of AC

冢 冣
8(m + 1) [shown] x+— 7 y–— 4
Sum of roots, x1 + x2 = ——–—–
m2 ——— 3 , ——— 3 = (1, 0)
2 2
(c) Eliminating x from (1) and (2), 1,y=— 4
8(y + 4) x = –—
y2 = ——–—– 3 3
m
冢 冣
Hence, D – —1,— 4
my2 – 8y – 32 = 0 ......(4) 3 3

Roots of equation (4) are y1 and y2. 17. y

A(3, 26)
8 [shown] 24
Sum of roots, y1 + y2 = — m = – —–
m 7
0 D
=
Let the coordinates of C be (x, y). +
6
B(–15, 2) 3y P
– C(0, 2)
Midpoint of OC = midpoint of AB 4x x
y
冢 冣 冢 冣
—x,— 8(m + 1) 8
= ——–—– , —– 4
2 2 2m2 2m Gradient of DC = —
3
8(m + 1) 26 –2
x = ——–—– ......(5) Gradient of AB = ———
m2 3 + 15
y=— 8 ⇒m=— 8 24 4
m y = —– = —
18 3
8 Therefore, DC is parallel to AB [proven]
Substitute m = — y into (5),
Equation of AP is
冢 冣
8
8 —+1
y 24
y – 26 = – —–(x – 3)
x = ———— 7
64
—– 7y – 182 = –24x + 72
y2
24x + 7y = 254 ......(1)
64x 64
—– = —– + 8 Equation of BC is y = 2 ......(2)
y2 y
64x = 64y + 8y2 Solving (1) and (2) for the point P,
2
y + 8y = 8x is the locus of C. [shown] 24x + 14 = 254
24x = 240
16. x = 10
D C(5, 4) Therefore, P(10, 2)
Length of CP = 10
M m=2 Length of BP = 25
䉭PDC is similar to 䉭PAB.
A(–3, –4) B Area 䉭PDC —–
—————— 102
= 2
Area 䉭PAB 25
Coordinates of M are 100
—––
=
625
冢 冣
5 – 3 , ——–
——– 4 – 4 = (1, 0)
2 2 4
—–
= [proven]
4+4 =1 25
Gradient of AC = ——–
5+3 18. y
Gradient of BD = –1
Equation of BD is
y – 0 = –1(x – 1) x
O
x + y = 1 ......(1)
Equation of BC is
y – 4 = 2(x – 5)
2x – y = 6 ......(2) x2 y2
—– + —– =1 ......(1)
Solving (1) and (2) for the point B, a2 b2
7 y = mx + c ......(2)
(2) + (1), 3x = 7 ⇒ x = —
3 Solving (1) and (2) for point of intersection,
From (1), y = – — 4
3 x2 (mx + c)2
—– + ———— =1
a2
7
Hence, B —, – —
3 冢 4
3 冣 b2
b2x2 + a2 (m2x2 + 2mcx + c2) = a2b2
Let the coordinates of D be (x, y). (b + a m )x + 2mca2x + a2(c2 – b2) = 0
2 2 2 2

32

ACE STPM Math (Text Ans) 3rd.indd 32 3/27/2008 4:13:56 PM

 If the line is a tangent, roots are equal. x2 + ——
2xy y2 y2 2xy x2
—– + —– + —– – —— + —– =1
b2 – 4ac = 0 a2 ab b2
b 2 ab a2
4m2c2a4 – 4(b2 + a2m2)a2(c2 – b2) = 0 2x2 2y2
m2c2a2 – b2c2 + b4 – a2m2c2 + a2b2m2 = 0 ——2
+ —— =1
a b2
b2c2 = b4 + a2b2m2
which is the locus of the midpoint of PQ.
c2 = a2m2 + b2 [shown]
[shown]
Substitute x = a2 + b2 , y = 0 into y = mx + c,
20. y
0 = m a2 + b2 + c
c2 = m2(a2 + b2) A(3, 2)
a2m2 + b2 = m2a2 + m2b2 P
b2 = m2b2 M
m2 = 1 ⇒ m = ±1 Q O
x

Gradient of tangents = ±1
Since the x-intercepts and y-intercepts are
Let the gradient of l be m.
equal, and by symmetry, the coordinates of the
Equation of l is
vertices of the square whose sides touch the
y – 2 = m(x – 3)
curve are (± a2 + b2 , 0) and (0, ± a2 + b2 ). At P, x = 0, y = 2 – 3m ⇒ P(0, 2 – 3m)
At Q, y = 0, x = 3 – — 2 ⇒ Q(3 – —
2 , 0)
19. y m m
Q(–a sin θ, b cos θ) P(a cos θ, b sin θ) Coordinates of M are

冢 冣
x x=— 1 3–— 2 ......(1)
O
2 m
1 (2 – 3m) ......(2)
y=—
2
(a) OP2 = a2 cos2 θ + b2 sin2 θ
OQ2 = a2 sin2 θ + b2 cos2 θ 2 – 2y
From (2), m = ———
OP2 + OQ2 = a2(cos2 θ + sin2 θ) 3
+ b2(sin2 θ + cos2 θ) 2(1 – y)
Substitute m = ———— into (1),
= a2 + b2 [shown] 3
3
2x = 3 – ———
a cos θ –a sin θ
冨 冨
0 0 1–y
(b)
0b sin θ b cos θ 0 2x(1 – y) = 3(1 – y) – 3
1 2xy = 2x + 3y [shown]
Area of 䉭OPQ = — |ab cos2 θ + ab sin2 θ|
2
21. (a)
= 1 ab (cos2 θ + sin2 θ)
1 2
—
2 A(0, 2) M(x, y) B(3, 5)
1
= — ab [shown]
2 Let the coordinates of M be (x, y).
2(0) + 1(3)
(c) Coordinates of mid-point of PQ x = ————— = 1
3
a cos θ – a sin θ , ———————–
b sin θ + b cos θ
冢
= ———————–
2 2 冣 2(2) + 1(5)
y = ————— = 3
3
a
x = — (cos θ – sin θ) ......(1) Hence, M(1, 3)
2
–1 – 2
b (sin θ + cos θ) (b) Gradient of AC = ———
y=— ......(2) 5–0 B(3, 5)
2
2y
2x + —– = 2 cos θ = –—3
(1) + (2), —– 5
a b
x y
— + — = cos θ ......(3)
a b A(0, 2) C(5, –1)

2y Equation of AC is
(2) – (1), —– – —–2x = 2 sin θ 3 (x – 0)
b a y – 2 = –—
5
y – x = sin θ ......(4)
— — a 3x + 5y – 10 = 0
b

冢 冣 冢 冣
(3)2 + (4)2, — x + y 2+ y – x 2 Perpendicular distance from B to AC
a — — — a
b b 24
冨 冨
3(3) + 5(5) – 10 = ——
= ——————— units
= sin2 θ + cos2 θ 32 + 52 34

33

ACE STPM Math (Text Ans) 3rd.indd 33 3/27/2008 4:13:57 PM

 22. Let the coordinates of the point P be (x, y). –(4 + 2p) 5
———— = —
3 – 5p 6
B(3, –2)
–24 – 12p = 15 – 25p
13p = 39
p =3
2 13 2 13 (c) If the line is perpendicular to the line
P(x, y) A(1, 1) P(x, y) x + 4y = 0, the product of the gradients of
the two lines is equal to –1,
PA = 2 13 –(4 + 2p)
冢 冣
———— × – — 1 = –1
(x – 1)2 + (y – 1)2 = 52 ......(1) 3 – 5p 4
4 + 2p = –12 + 20p
PA is perpendicular to AB,
18p = 16
y–1
冢 冣冢 冣
——— – — 3 = –1 8
x–1 2 p =—
9
y–1 2 3y – 1
——— = — ⇒ x = ——— 25. D C(5, –2)
x–1 3 2
3y – 1 4y – 7x = 3
Substitute x = ——— into (1),
2
3y – 1
冢 冣
——— – 1 2 + (y – 1)2 = 52
2
A(1, 4)
8y – x = 0
B

9 (y – 1)2 + (y – 1)2 = 52
— Equation of AB is
4 y–4=— 1 (x – 1)
13 8
—– (y – 1)2 = 52
4 8y – x = 31 ......(1)
(y – 1)2 = 16
y – 1 = ±4 ⇒ y = 5 or –3 Equation of BC is
y+2=— 7 (x – 5)
When y = 5, x = 7 and when y = –3, x = –5
4
Coordinates of the two points are (7, 5) and
4y – 7x = –43 ......(2)
(–5, –3).
Solving (1) and (2) for the point B,
23. (2) × 2, 8y – 14x = –86 ......(3)
B(–1, 0) M (1) – (3), 13x = 117
C(3, 4) x=9
A From (1), y=5
2y – 3x = 16 Hence, B(9, 5)
Let the point D be (x, y).
Coordinates of M, the mid-point of BC are Midpoint of BD = midpoint of AC
(1, 2). x + 9 = ——–
——– 5 + 1 ⇒ x = –3
4–0 =1
Gradient of BC = ——— 2 2
3+1 y+5 4 – 2 ⇒ y = –3
——– = ——–
2 2
Equation of the perpendicular bisector of BC is
Hence, D(–3, –3)
y – 2 = –1(x – 1) 6 = –—3
Gradient of AC = – —
x+y=3 ......(1) 4 2
2y – 3x = 16 ......(2) 8 2
Gradient of BD = — = —
12 3
Solving (1) and (2) for the point A,
(1) × 3,
(2) + (3),
3x + 3y = 9 ......(3)
5y = 25
冢 冣冢 冣
Product of gradient = – — 3 —
2 3
2 = –1

y =5 Hence, the diagonals meet at right angles.

From (1), x = –2 Therefore, ABCD is a rhombus. [proven]
Therefore, A(–2, 5) 26. D(–3, 6) C(x, y)

24. 4x + 3y – 6 + p(2x – 5y – 16) = 0 x + 15y = 200

(a) If the line passes through the origin,
x = 0, y = 0 ⇒ –6 – 16p = 0 B(20, 12)
A(4, –2)
p = –— 3
8 12 + 2 7
Gradient of AB = ——— = —
(b) If the line is parallel to the line 20 – 4 8
5x – 6y – 11 = 0, the gradients of the two 7
Gradient of CD = —
lines are equal. 8

34

ACE STPM Math (Text Ans) 3rd.indd 34 3/27/2008 4:13:57 PM

 Equation of CD is x – 2y + 6 = 0 ......(6)
7 (x + 3) Gradient of AB = 3
y–6=—
8 1
Gradient of CF = – —
8y – 7x = 69 ......(1) 3
x + 15y = 200 ......(2) Equation of altitude CF is
y – 8 = –— 1 (x – 0)
Solving (1) and (2) for the point C, 3
(2) × 7, 7x + 105y = 1400 ......(3) x + 3y – 24 = 0 ......(7)
(1) + (3), 113y = 1469
y = 13 Solving (5) and (6) for point of intersection,
From (2), x + 195 = 200 y = 6 and x = 6
x =5 The point (6, 6) satisfies equation (7).
Hence, C(5, 13) Hence, the altitude meet at the point (6, 6).

Gradient of AD = —– 8
–7 28. P(–4, 1)
Product of gradients of AD and AB
2x + y – 8 = 0
冢 冣冢 冣
8 — 7 = –1 M
= –—
7 8
Therefore, A is a right angle [proven]
Q(x, y)
AB = 162 + 142 = 452 = 2 113
Gradient of line = –2
CD = 82 + 72 = 113
Gradient of PQ = — 1
Therefore, AB = 2DC [shown] 2
Equation of PQ is
27. C 2x
+y 1 (x + 4)
=8 y–1=—
E 2
D A x – 2y + 6 = 0 ......(1)
x=0

2x + y – 8 = 0 ......(2)
F 0
= Solving (1) and (2) for the point M,
3
+ 5x – 10 = 0
y
–
3x x = 2 and y = 4
B Hence, M(2, 4)
Let the coordinates of Q be (x, y).
AB: 3x – y + 3 = 0 ......(1)
M is the midpoint of PQ.
AC: 2x + y – 8 = 0 ......(2)
x–4
——– = 2 ⇒ x = 8
Solving (1) and (2) 2
for the point A, y+1
——– = 4 ⇒ y = 7
(1) + (2), 5x – 5 = 0 2
x=1 Therefore, Q(8, 7)
From (2), y=6
Hence, A(1, 6) 29. A(0, 4), B(0, –4), C(6, 3)
Let the coordinates of P be (x, y).
BC: x = 0 ......(3)
PA2 = (x – 0)2 + (y – 4)2 = x2 + y2 – 8y + 16
AB: 3x – y + 3 = 0 ......(4)
Solving (3) and (4) for the point B, PB2 = (x – 0)2 + (y + 4)2 = x2 + y2 + 8y + 16
x = 0 and y = 3 PC2 = (x – 6)2 + (y – 3)2 = x2 + y2 – 12x – 6y
Hence, B(0, 3) + 45
BC: x=0 The condition is
AC: 2x + y = 8 PA2 + PB2 + PC 2 = 362
Solving the equations for the point C, 3x2 + 3y2 – 12x – 6y + 77 = 362
x = 0, y = 8 x2 + y2 – 4x – 2y – 95 = 0
Hence, C(0, 8) which is the equation of the locus of P.
Equation of the altitude AD is y = 6 ......(5) This equation represents a circle,
Gradient of AC = –2 centre = (2, 1), radius = 22 + 12 + 95 = 10
1 Substitute x = 8, y = 9 into the equation of the
Gradient of BE = — circle.
2
Equation of altitude BE is LHS = 64 + 81 – 32 – 18 – 95 = 0
1 (x – 0) (8, 9) satisfies the equation of the circle and
y–3=—
2 hence, it lies on the circle [shown]

35

ACE STPM Math (Text Ans) 3rd.indd 35 3/27/2008 4:13:58 PM

 30. Let P(x, y), A(–3, 0) and B(3, 0) (c) y
(d) y
Condition is PA = kPB
PA2 = k2PB2
x
(x + 3)2 + y2 = k2 [(x – 3)2 + y2] x
O
O (1, 0)
x2 + 6x + 9 + y2 = k2 (x2 – 6x + 9 + y2) (0, –1)
(k2 – 1)x2 + (k2 – 1)y2 – 6(k2 + 1)x + 9(k2 – 1)
–4
=0
6(k2 + 1) (e) y (f) y
x2 + y2 – ———— x+9=0
k2 – 1
This equation is the locus of P which –2
x
O
represents a circle [shown]
x
O 1 –4
9(k2 + 1)2
Radius = ———— –9
(k2 – 1)2
3
= ——— (k2 + 1)2 – (k2 – 1)2 33. Length of perpendicular from P(x1, y1) to
(k2 – 1) ax1 + by1 + c
= ———
6k
k2 – 1
[shown]
ax + by + c = 0 is —————–
a2 + b2
.
冨 冨
Let P be the point (x, y). Equation of locus of
31. Let A(a, 0), B(0, b) and the midpoint of AB be
P is
冢 冣
y – 2x + 1
冨 冨
M. Hence M — a,— b
————– = x2 + y2
2 2 (12 + 22)
y
(y – 2x + 1)2 = 5(x2 + y2)
B(0, b) y + 4x + 1 – 4xy + 2y – 4x = 5x2 + 5y2
2 2

M(x, y) x2 + 4xy + 4y2 + 4x – 2y – 1 = 0 ......(1)

P(α, β) y = 2x ......(2)
A(a, 0)
x
O Solving (1) and (2) for points of intersection,
x2 + 8x2 + 16x2 + 4x – 4x – 1 = 0
(a) Condition is AB = k 25x2 – 1 = 0
a2 + b2 = k2 ......(1) 1 , y = ±— 2
For M, x = — a ⇒ a = 2x x = ±—
5 5
2
y=— b ⇒ b = 2y
2
1
冢2
Hence A — , — and B – —
5 5 5 冣
1 , –—2
5 冢 冣
Substitute a and b into (1), Midpoint of AB = (0, 0) which is the origin.
Locus of M is 4x2 + 4y2 = k2 [shown]

(b) Condition is —1 ab = k ⇒ ab = 2k ......(2) 34. y

2 A(1, 3)
Substitute a and b into (2),
n C(2, 2)
(2x)(2y) = 2k m
D
Locus of M is 2xy = k B(–2, 1)
x
O
(c) Condition is P(α, β) lies on AB.
Gradient of PA = gradient of PB Gradient of BC = — 1
β–0 β–b 4
——– = ——– Equation of BC is
α–a α–0
αβ = (α – a)(β – b) y–2=— 1 (x – 2)
4
bα + aβ = ab ......(3)
4y – x = 6 ......(1)
Substitute a = 2x, b = 2y into (3),
2αy + 2βx = 4xy Gradient of OA = 3
Locus of M is αy + βx = 2xy Equation of OA is
32. (a) (b) y y = 3x ......(2)
y Solving (1) and (2) for the point D,
12x – x = 6
–4 O
x 11x = 6
x 6
O 2 x = —–
11
18
y = —–
11

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ACE STPM Math (Text Ans) 3rd.indd 36 3/27/2008 4:13:58 PM

 冢 冣
6 , —–
18 Gradient of given line = – — b
Hence, D —– a
11 11
Gradient of OP = — a
Let the ratio of BD : DC = m : n b
Using the ratio formula, Equation of OP is
2m – 2n 6 y=— a x ......(2)
———— = —– b
m+n 11
22m – 22n = 6m + 6n Solving (1) and (2) for the point P.
16m = 28n x + —–ax = 1
—
m =—
— 7 a b2
n 4
(b2 + a2)x = ab2
Ratio of BD : DC = 7 : 4
ab2
x = —–—— ......(3)
35. Coordinates of midpoint of AB a2 + b2
x1 + x2 y1 + y2
冢
= ———
2
, ———
2 冣 a2b
y = —–——
a2 + b2
......(4)
y1 – y2 1 + —–1 = —– 1
Gradient of AB = ——— —–
x1 – x2 a2 b2 c2
Gradient of perpendicular bisector of AB c2 = —–——a2b2
x1 – x2 a2 + b2
= – ———
y1 – y2 a2b4
From (3), x2 = —–——–
Equation of perpendicular bisector of AB is (a + b2)2
2

y1 + y2 x1 – x2 x1 + x2 a4b2
y – ———
2
= – ———
y 1 – y 2
冢
x – ———
2 冣 From (4), y2 = —–——–
(a + b2)2
2

(y1 – y2)[2y – (y1 + y2)] x2 + y2 = —–——–a2b4 a4b2

+ —–——–
+ (x1 – x2)[2x – (x1 + x2)] = 0 [shown] (a2 + b2)2 (a2 + b2)2
a2b2(b2 + a2)
= —–——–—–
Let A(2, 1), B(1, 5). Take (a2 + b2)2
x1 = 2, y1 = 1, x2 = 1, y2 = 5
= —–——a2b2
Equation of perpendicular bisector of AB is a + b2
2

(2 – 1)[2x – (2 + 1)] + (1 – 5)[2y – (1 + 5)] = 0 = c2 [shown]

2x – 3 – 8y + 24 = 0
2x – 8y + 21 = 0 37. Let the coordinates of B be (x, y).
The point on the line 3x – 4y + 3 = 0 AB = 10
which is equidistant from the points (2, 1) and (x + 1)2 + (y – 2)2 = 100
(1, 5) is given by the point of intersection of x2 + y2 + 2x – 4y = 95 ......(1)
the lines
2x – 8y + 21 = 0 D C(9, 7)
and 3x – 4y + 3 = 0
Solving the equations simultaneously,
4x – 15 = 0
15 A(–1, 2) B(x, y)
x = —–
4
AB is perpendicular to BC,
57
y = —– (y – 2) (y – 7)
16 ——— × ——— = –1
(x + 1) (x – 9)
Coordinates of the point are 3— 3 , 3—–
4 冢9 .
16 冣 (x + 1)(x – 9) + (y – 2)(y – 7) = 0
y x2 + y2 – 8x – 9y = –5 ......(2)
36. Equation of the line is —x +— = 1 ......(1)
a b Solving (1) and (2) simultaneously,
Let P(x, y) be the foot of the perpendicular (1) – (2), 10x + 5y = 100
x +— y y = 20 – 2x
from O to the line — = 1.
a b Substitute y = 20 – 2x into (1),
y x2 + (20 – 2x)2 + 2x – 4(20 – 2x) = 95
5x2 – 70x + 225 = 0
x2 – 14x + 45 = 0
P(x, y) (x – 5)(x – 9) = 0
b
x = 5 or 9
x When x = 5, y = 10
O a
When x = 9, y = 2

37

ACE STPM Math (Text Ans) 3rd.indd 37 3/27/2008 4:13:59 PM

 Hence, B(5, 10) or B(9, 2) x+5
——— = 2 ⇒ x = –1
Let the coordinates of D be (x, y). 2
y–2
Taking B(5, 10), ——— = 0 ⇒ y = 2
2
x + 5 = ———
——— 9–1 ⇒x=3
2 2 Hence, C(–1, 2)
y + 10 7 +2 Let B be the point (x, y)
——— = ——— ⇒ y = –1
2 2 AB = BC
Hence, D(3, –1) (x – 5)2 + (y + 2)2 = (x + 1)2 +
Take B(9, 2), (y – 2)2
x + 9 = ———
——— 9 – 1 ⇒ x = –1 x2 – 10x + 25 + y2 + 4y + 4 = x2 + 2x + 1 + y2
2 2 – 4y + 4
y+2 7 + 2
——— = ——— ⇒ y = 7 12x – 8y – 24 = 0
2 2
3x – 6 ......(3)
y = ———
Hence, D(–1, 7) 2
38. x = t(t – 2) ......(1) AB is perpendicular to BC,
y = 2(t – 1) ......(2) y+2 y–2
——— × ——— = –1
(a) Eliminating t from (1) and (2), x–5 x+1
y (x – 5)(x + 1) + (y + 2)(y – 2) = 0
From (2), t = — + 1
2 x2 + y2 – 4x – 9 = 0 ......(4)
y
Substitute t = — + 1 into (1), Solving (3) and (4) for the point B,
2
y
冢
x= — + 1 — – 1
2
y
2 冣冢 冣 x2 + (3x – 6)2
———– – 4x – 9 = 0
4
y2 4x2 + 9x2 – 36x + 36 – 16x – 36 = 0
x= — – 1
4 13x2 – 52x = 0
4x = y2 – 4 13x (x – 4) = 0
y2 = 4(x + 1) x = 0 or 4
(b) y
When x = 0, y = –3 B(0, –3)
2
When x = 4, y = 3 D(4, 3)
x
–1 O The coordinates of the other vertices are (4, 3),
–2
(–1, 2) and (0, –3)

39. D C 40. y

M P(t2, t3)
3x

M(x, y)
–
2y

x
–

O A(2, 0)
6

B
=

A(5, –2)
0

Let A(5, –2) and the equation of BD be

3x – 2y – 6 = 0 ......(1) Let the coordinates of P be (t2, t3) and the
3 midpoint of AP be M(x, y).
Gradient of BD = —
2 Since M is the midpoint of AP,
Gradient of AC = – — 2 t2 + 2 ......(1)
3 x = ———
2
Equation of AC is t3
2 (x – 5) y=— ......(2)
y + 2 = –— 2
3
3y + 2x = 4 ......(2) From (1), t2 = 2x – 2 ⇒ t = 2x – 2

Solving (1) and (2) for the point M, Substitute the value of t into (2),
13y = 0 2y = (2x – 2) 2x – 2
y=0 4y2 = (2x – 2)2(2x – 2)
x=2 = 8(x – 1)2(x – 1)
Hence, M(2, 0) y = 2(x – 1)3
2

Let the coordinates of C be (x, y). This equation represents the locus of the
Since M is the midpoint of AC, midpoint of AP. [proven]

38

ACE STPM Math (Text Ans) 3rd.indd 38 3/27/2008 4:13:59 PM