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Lars M. Kristensen
Department of Computer Science
University of Aarhus
Denmark
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Internet Protocol
layer
Network Interface
layer
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Basic idea:
Each host is assigned a 32-bit internet address.
Addresses consists of a network identifier (prefix) and a host
identifier (suffix).
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Loopback address:
Network prefix 127.0.0.0
For testing and interprocess communication purposes on a machine.
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Questions:
Network address?
Network class?
Limited broadcast?
Directed broadcast?
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Further refinements:
Sender IP address typically contained in the ARP request.
Gratuitous ARP request broadcast to inform of a new physical
address.
Early revalidation: refresh cache entry before timeout to
avoid jitter (delays).
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Question:
Sender HA/IP?
Target HA/IP?
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Protocol components:
Packet format: basic units of data transfer in an TCP/IP
internet.
Rules for forwarding of packets across multiple physical
networks.
Rules for packet processing and error signalling.
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IP datagram 1
IP datagram 2
IP datagram 3
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Computer
Computer
10.0.0.4 40.0.0.8
10.0.0.4
40.0.0.8
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Examples of use:
Testing reachability (ping).
Reporting an unreachable
destination.
Tracing a route (traceroute).
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Address Resolution:
ARP Protocol for mapping IP addresses to physical addresses.
IP Protocol:
Unreliable connectionless delivery of datagrams.
IP Datagram Forwarding:
Forwarding based on routing tables computed by routing protocols.
Routing table entries are pairs (network prefix, next-hop IP address).
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www.daimi.au.dk/NPaI/project1.html
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