TRO LAI MOT VAN DE TRONG TIEU SG NGUYEN TRAIL PHAN HUY LE RONG bai Gép y klén ve bai «May vain d2 ve dong ho, gia didh vd cuge ddi Nguyén Trai” ding tren Nyhién ettu lich siz sO 3 thang 5—6 mim 1981, Nguyén Vinh Phae néu lén mot sé ¥ kién d3i vei ching 10i v8 dong ho Nguyén Trai, chitng minh ring Nguyén Trai khéng thude dong ho Nguyén Bye. 19 tien efia ‘Nguytn Trhi khong phii 1 Nguyén Bic. ‘Trude hét, ching tdi mudn d&t lai ae thio lun cho that rd ring. Trong bai May win d2 ve dong ho, gta dink vd cuge dot Nguyén Trai, ching tdi nghién eiru dong ho Nguyén Trai trong mot th théng nhl voi méi quan mal thiét gitra dong ho voi gia dinh va dai Nguyin Trai. Ching tdi xtc minh ng ho Nguyén Trai khong phai chi nhim tim xem truée doi Nguyén Phi Khanh aw ma chit yéu dd gitm dinh va dua vio sit dung mOt s6 tu ligu moi gop phan lam sang 18 hon nita mot foal vin d® ve tu sit Nguyen in chit dao eiia Nguyén Vinh Phée quan (rigt todn bd bai viét 12 ehitng minh ring dong ho Nguyén Trai khéng thude dong ho Nguyén Bac. Tat ch lap lugn va et tigu cia the gid c6 th8 qui vao ba van d@ chin! hir mh&t 1a tae gid cho ring, sau khi duge Le Thinh Tong minh oan, con chau Nguyén Trai va dong ho khong con ly do gi phai de A¥t, phdi «gidu digm» va di li gia pha thi phai “rd rang», «chink xde», con te ligu truyon migng thi khong th tin cay duge. Day KhOng nhing la mot Mp Indn ey th cia tae gid, mA con 1A mgt quan nig¢m e6 ¥ nghia chi dgo ciia tae gi ve mit sir ligu hoc va phrong phip nghien eu, : — NGUYEN PHAN QUANG ‘Trai, yop phn nghien eu va giki thich hoan einh va qua Wink hinh thank chi hwéng cing p cia Nguyén Trai. Mye dich bat a ching (Oi khong phai li tray én ctia Nguydn Trai 6 phai la i Dinh hay khong. ‘Trerg bai Gop g kién..., tae gid, khong nh din d&- chia bai viet trao ddi ve nhing vin d@ tiu sit ciia Nguy8n Trai ching toi di xéu Jen, ma chi dgt van de thao Iufin: 18 cia Nguyen ‘Trai c6 phii Nguyén Bye khong? Ding ve mngt tir Ligu thi day cfing 1A mot Khaw clin xtc minh, mhung chi dimg Iai 6 day va han trong pham vi nhw vay thi y nghia va gid inj d6i voi Vite nghien eva than thé va sr ghigp Nguy&n Trai st bj han chéinhidu. nh str ng) nghién cir tim xem 1d Nguyén Bie d ‘Tuy vay. ching t8i van sin sang thio ludn vin d® Nguyén Vinh Phie new Ién va hon nita, tir thy e6 trach nhi¢m tri loi nbing ¢ bie eta the gi ‘Thi hai 1a te gid chitng minh sy ghi chép. « L2 Duy Din trong Nam hd tgp luc va e ciia Ding Trong An trong Nam hd ky van tap. ve dong ho Nguyén Trai thuge dong ho Nguyén Bae 1a khong ding. Thér ba 1a the gik sir dung tr ligu ‘trong mot cudn gia pha cia dong ho Nguy’ Thidu & Ligu Ngan d® phan bae ¥'kién eda ching 401. (*) Tri loi bai Gép y kién ve bai « May van a2 ve dong ho, gia dinh va cuge doi Nguyén, Tri” cin Nguyén Vink Phiie, Nghién eitu lich sit 96 3. thing 5-6/1981, Trong bai tr lei nay. ching 16i xin vidl Lal Gop g Kin... va khi trich din, ghi ngay sO trang ben canh.4 Ching (61 mudn thio Iugn ve nbimg lugn va cir ligu tren cia tnirée trinh bay nhiing 1 ehiing (63 P ki ligu eta cir Vé van de thé nhat. Ching ta du bist ra nam sau th ‘hoa tru di, nam (464, Le Thanh Tong da va bd dung mot ngirdi con eda ong Ji Nguyén Anh Vo Lim tri huygn, Nhung tr 6 _nghi rang, moi ndi oan khde eita Nguy8n con chin Al, « gidu ng ta hiiy: xem xét vai sir én nhjn dink nay: Lé Thanh Tong 1a mot ong vua hist Nguyén Trad 1d con ngudi 6 Be Prat tam Uhirgng quang khué tio», bin than nha vua ang on Nguydn Nguyén Th a ew mang, giip dé hai me con lie khé khiin, thé mA mhd va chi tray ujng Nguyen Tri Lrde Tan Tri DA, nghta la giang mot hae so voi (we Quan Phye hin cia ong. Trée do, L@ Nhan Tong mot Bin dén Bi thir cae, xem duge di ban Die dja chi cia Nguyén Trai, da ting n6i voi quan Unain rang: *Nguyén Trai 1 nguai trung thanh gidp dite Thai TO dep loan, gitip dite Thai Tong sira sang thai binh, Van chuong va dire nghi ea NguyEn Trai, cde danh twréng eita bi khong ai sinh bing. Khong may ngwo ba gay bién d® ngwai lwong thign mic 16 rat 1a dang throng »(), Nia vua danh gid cao lai die va sy nghigp cia Nguyén ‘Trai, Undu rd ndi oan udng cfia Ong, thé ind khong di 6 hanh dong gid? rita Bi oan cho ngiriri avi khuit. Sau khi NguySn Tong minh oan, cée sir than nha Le chép sit tridu Le vane khong dam c6 mot li sing ro ndi oan khde cla Nguyen nhing mru dd den toi trong cung dink hiy gid. Vidy, bo Dai Vi¢l sit kyj Loan tue chép vy an Le Chi vien voi nhang loi le map me hii bin in vu oan git hoa efi tritu dinh lie d6, no A eye dén vuon Le Chi xi Dai Lai tren song Thién Die, vua thire sudt dém vai Nguyén Thj L6 rdi bing». nio la «moi ngwasi dou noi la Nguyén Th) Lo gig, vna >, nio 1a «trudge Nguyén Thi LO ra vao cung ‘cdm, Thai Tong tréng thay thich lim, cing vii Thi LO egt nha, dén day di tuan ve midn Dong, dén choi nha Nguyi i Pdi bi, ben fie ma chét, cho nén Trai bi tot dy»... @). Sir ahi chép map mo niu vay lam el nile Chi dén nay van bi mgt chua durge duige + dire do. Nghién cttu lich sit 366-1981 kham ph& hoin ton. di nhitu c6 ging di duge thye hign, nhieu gid thuyét khoa hoe di duge néu ten. Nhitng sw vige tren cho thay, nhimng mau thudn noi cung dinh va ende diu tranh gi cae phe phai phong kién trong tritu di nha Le rat phite guyén Trai 1a trong nhitng ngwai sing lap ra trigu Le, nhung vilf Urdng cao dep, tai ming xudt she va ‘ong sing eiia minh ma trd thanh nan nhan bi tham eta tritu Le chuyén ché va quan Tien dé, Mot dm muru dge fe, mot vy an oan khde tay troi lam lien lyy dén ba ho nh vay, mi phai dén 22 nim sau méi duge minh oan, ma cting chi minh oan & mie dd gidng tua cia Nguyén Trai xudng mt bac va khong dam dua ra anh sang hing mou dd bi trong tridu, chira néi dén vige phé phan vi tring, phat nhing ké thi men (trong dé 06 ngwdt van lam quan dwéi tity Le Thanh Tong). Chinh vi khong khi khing bd va nhitng thii dogn che day sy that.bao hoe vy An, mi trong din gian’ va e& trong che gia phi ho Nguyén, cing chi tru igi cau ehuygn «ran béo on» nhudm mau huy’n thoai va day vé bi an. Trong hoan cinh nhu thé, sau vy 4n, nhitng con chau séng s6t ctia Nguyén Trai phai trén tranh di cée nai, phai d3i ho, phi mai danh An tich, 1A ditu tt nbign va dé hidu. Cang trong hoan ednh dé, khi L¢ Thénh Tong minh oan va hg chiéu lye dyng con chau Nguyén Trai, thi chi mOt minh Anh Vo ra eéng Khai nhgn chite trée va tr ve qué trong nom tir dirdng, phan m9, edn nhitu nguoi _khac van lo ngai, git thai dg dé dit va tiép tye che gidu lung lich thi cing 1a didu khong. ¢6 gi ngge nhien va cho I vo ly. Nquyén Vinh Phie quan nigm «yéu chu eda mot _yuytn gia phi Ii phdi ding, ghi chep cang chinh xac, rd rang bao nhién cing quy hiéw» (tr, 83) va tra khong chap nhan gia pha, bit ci mOt «sir mAp mo », mot udiém» hay edo In thé thir» nao... ya do dé, da sit dyng gia pha thi phai tin vio «chit nghia», tin vao egidy tring mye deny cin gia phi, Ching {oi nhé. (1) Nguyén Trai, De dia chi, nhd XB Sit hoe, HN 1960. tr. 57. : (2) Sit thin trigu L8, Dai Viet sit ky toan ur, nha XB Khoa hoe xi hoi HN 1968, "7. 3, tr. 131, Day 1a mOt bd si durge bién sogn qua nhidu doi, ir Lé Vio Muu thoi Tran dén Le Hi thei Le trung hung va duge khae in vio nim 1697. Riéng si triéu Le. phn chong Minh do Phan Phu Tien sogn, phan cic tridtu Le so do Vi Quénh Tritt sogn,Tre Igi mot vén dB. 5 trong mot s6 budi hdi thio ve t8 chite han dip chudn bj kj nigm 600 nim sinh ea Nguyén Trai nam 1980, c6 ngudi lai dén mire phi djnh moi gia tri sir ligu eda gia pha. That 14 hai quan nigm 6i Lip, nhung theo ching ti, Igi_gip nhau 4 thai dd eye doan, & céeh nhin phién dign gia pha phi 1a lich sir cia mot dong ho, ef ja-dinh, Ngwéi ta chép gia phd d® bi 3 ngudn gée 19 tien, dd hu truy’n cho con chau hanh trang su nghigp eiia ong cha, db hho ngay gid, md mi va thé thir che doi. Noi chung ai cing mudn gia pha phii chinh rang. Nhung trong thye t¢, tinh chinh ang dé chi ed ¥ nghia twong ddi vi do phite tap, hoge do kha nang bien soyn khong hio dim sy echinh xfe, hote do nhitng dong co vé tim Iy dong ho. ve q Igi gia tGe chi ph Hi hét gia phd ddu do con chau vo sau chép Iai lai lich 18 tidm doi tude va nhiing bin con hu git duge dén n, y du nhigu Lin sao chép, bd sung nén khong ng nham Kin, «tam sao that Jin», Nhimng sai sot v8 ten tudi, chire tude, 1a digu thudng thy trong gia Na ayon, Hon nia, m ly tir ton dong ho lam cho ngdi bit cia ngwdi viet gia phi nhivu khi khong durge. khich quan, hofe bd di nhimng r vige cho LA khong hay, khong dep, hole gin ghép cho, Ong cha nhitng vinh dy khong c6 tht. Doe gia ph ho Liu 6 Van Yen Dai ir. Bae Thad, gia phi ho Le & Dinh Ui (Yen Dinh, ‘Thanh H6a) khong thy chép ¢ Laru Nhan Cha bj giet hai, Le Sat bj két 4m tir hinh. Dong ho Lira chi cé Lira Nb: Chit tham dy hoi the Ling Nhai, uhung gia pha ghi them cha Trung, em re hi Pham Cuéng vio danh sich hgi thé lich sir dé C6 khi vi ly do chinh tj, dd trénh lien bh vé quan hé gia dinh. dong hg, con chau phii tr6n trénh, phai ddi ho, phai an gidu tung tich, va trong tring hop dé, gia phi khong dam ahi chép (8 tien dich thie efia minh. Vi dy, ho Dang & Lirong X4 (Chuong My. Hit Son Binh) vén ho Tran, thuge dong doi Trin ise Tuan, nhung dau thé k¥ 16 vi cé Tran in khéi nghia chéng triéu Le, nén con chin phai ddi ra ho Dang (nhan trade day ¢6 Trin Van Huy d& tién si nim 142. 66 Up da 2 Hidn) va mot thoi. gia phd khong nhi 18 lien ho Trin, Mai dén thai cudi Le. trong ho ed nhi&u ngwoi giap Trinh pho Lé 6 cong. gia pha méi dim nbée gi t3 tien xtra von ho Tran, nhing khong con biét rd thé thir cy and (1, Con vige gia phi e6 lie phai dio lon thé thir vai dai d2 che gidu sy that va dan lac huréng ngwei ngoai ma ching ti neu lén, thi Nguyén Vinh Phae Khong cin kigm tra, chi lay sy suy doan chi quai cia minh d® bac bd. L¥ do cia tic gid 1A «dio lon thé thir, tire doi cha ly 1am di con, doi chau liy lam dai Ong, nhw vay thi gn tung | chau con cin gi dén gia pha nia» (tr Mot quan nigm uhw thé ¢6 th? ding trong nhitng trong hgp binh thudng. Nhung khong phai khong 6 truimg hgp, vi d® bio v@ Iai ich gia toc. ngwoi chép gia, phi 6 tink dio lon thé thé mot vai divi. Day 1A mot sy that hign nbien, it mhat li déi voi dong ho guyén ma ching 101 da neu Bn. Tam gic wréng hgp Nguyén Trai ching 161 st chirng minh & phan sau, & day ching toi xin dua ra mt din chimg mi Nguyén Vinh Phite 6, thd kidm tra mot each dé ding. Dau thé kf 16. Nguyén Tong Thai th dong ho Nguyén 3 Gia \ trang (Tong Son. Thaph Hoa) chuyén len (rin Thai Nguyen (gdm c& Cao Bang). liy vo ho Bé ngwoi dan toe Tay va ddi ra ho Be, trv thanh ong td clia chi ho BS Ngu: Khé. Chi ho nay chéng Mae rat quyét lidt u bidu la Be Ta m. De d& phong si tra thi cia ho Mac no Bing, gia phd Iu hanh cong khai ei chi ho BE Nguyén da déo ln thé thir nham che gidu Bé Ti Lam. : Gudn gia pha &-Bae Khé do Bé Cao Tung soyn n&im Thaah Thai 7 (rim 1895) ghi thé thie niir sau: Nguyén Tong Thai — BE Cong Dang — BE Cong Dinh — Be Cong ‘Thoi — BETH Lam, Cudn BE mén gia phd do Bé Lang Bong sao chép va hign nay nha sir hoe lo thanh Hoang ua con giit durge trong thy vign gia dinh & Paris cing ghi thé thir ede doi Ur Nguyén Tong Thai dén Be Te Lam nhy tren ©), Theo sy ghi chép nhw gia pha thi BE Tt Lam 1a chau doi thir nam cia Nguyén Tong Thai va didu d6 e6 nghia lA khong sOng cing Q) Xem Dang gia phd kj, ky higu A. 633 (1-3) Vign thong tin khoa hoe xi hoi, Dany gla phd he lodn chink tee luc eda ho Ping & Lirong XA, Dang gia phd ky cia ho Dang & Long Chau (Chong My, Ha Son Binh) ya" Dang gta phd kij cia ho Ding & Ha Noi BE mon gia phd gdm 30 te. khd 13X27em, lo 8 dong, dong 26 chit. Cudi sich ghiz « nhi ton Cao Bang tinh thd ty, Bac Can tinh Bach ‘Thong chau tri chau Bé Lang Bong phung sao ». Xin chan thanh cm on bac Hoang Xudn Han cho mirgn va cho phép sao chyp bin gia pha tren,Nguyén Tong Thai, khong th? cing voi Nguyén Tong Thai dinh Mac duge. Ning thye ra, BE Ta Lam 1a con trai cia Nguyén Tong Tha nay dirge y4e nh§n qua ban gia, pha lu mat eda chi ho Bé Nguyén, qua di ngon cha ong cha truytn lai va qua mot s6 gia pha cia cie“chi ho Nguyén 6 ving cong bing khong cin che gidu dé tranh sy tra tha cilia ho Mac & Cato Bing nhir cuén Ngut gia thé he phd ky cia ho Nguyén 6 Gia M nyoai trang, cudn Nguyen yia phd ky hg Nguyén & Mju Lam (Nga Son, Thanh Hoa). Nhing tai ligu nay déu ghi théng nhiat theo the thit thy t . Nguyén Tong Thai — BE Ta Lam Nhw vay 1A trong gia pha lu hanh cong khai céa ho Be Nguyén, Be Ta Lam vén! 1a con fia Nguyén Tong Thai da bi dio lon thanh 1 doi thir nim etia Nguyén Tong Thai DOI voi déng ho nay. vige dio lon the thir dd che dau tung tel mot nguoi ndo dé trong ho. G6 thé'tim thy khong phai chi mot in, ma it mbat 1a ba Lan. Mot sur that nh thé ed the Lhong phi hgp v6i quan ni¢m c6 sin cia Nguyén Vinh Phic, nhung trong Khoa hge lich sir, tiéu chuan cia chan ly dau phai tay thuge vao nhgn thie chit quan cia mot ai, ind 14 sy tht khiich quan durge kitm tra, xc ninh mdt efch khoa hoc. Theo ching 10i, gia phd 1a mot ngudn sit ligu cin duge thu thap VA khai thie trong nghién ciu lich sit. Kinh nghigm nhieu nam nghién ctu va sit dyng gia pha cho phép.ching 416i khdng dinh digu dé. Nhung mit khae, coi moi sir ghi chép eita gia pha ld @diing» 1a cchink xée» thi lai khong pho hop voi tinh chat, de trung eta thé logi tw I . Gia phi chita dung nhing gid trj thong tin Veh sit efi n6, nhung cing bée 19 khong ft nhirng han ché ve mat sir ligu ma ngudi sir dyng cin Ima Trong hie ddi hoi phai edting», Nguyén Vinh Phie lai tin va phi djnh hodn toan g# tris tur ligu truy@n migng. Quan nig¢m cita tac gid v8 mit nay cing rt eye doan. Tae gid cho riing, «dit cho 101 truy’n khau d6 chink xée, 100%, dim bio khOng bj thém bét, gia gidm’ theo yéu cau ciia timg thoi dai voi bao dong co phite tap thi van d& cing rit khd ti (tr. 83) va két Inn: echo nén Joi truyén migng, 10 di chic truyén khdu di c6 thieng Hiéng va thanh that cling khong phai la sy that lich sit » (tr. 87). Tae gii con cho ring «ching toi nghi ring néu chi theo truyén khau, theo loi truy’n migng thi di cb. th’ 1a ho hang 'than-tge eta bit ei ai va nh fi phii «chink xde», khong * truyén Nghten citu lich sit 56 6-198r vay thi mn cong tae nghién ctra déu khong vith tich nita» (tr. 81). Trise hét, chang ti thay ein phai nhin nh rang, khong co ngwoi Lam cong tie sit hog nao lai ky quile nhir Nguyén Vinh Phie ndi 1a gat bd moi u van lw va chi sit dyng tir ligu traytn migng. Bai nghien ciru ci ching t0i ve ding ho. Nguyén ‘Trai cing khong phii chi dya vao ta ligutruy8n migng ma van dung tong h i Jogi tw ligu khite ohau, trong dé van tir v; uw truyen mi Nhung mit khfe, gat bd hoan 1 i¢ng ohir Nguyén Vinh Phi a MOL quan nidm cye doan va qua 1di thai vb sir ligu hoe. Trong lich sir sit hoe thé dG qua Hu Him rdi cdi thoi ma ngwai ta chi tin 6 ti ligu van tr va chi bidt sit dung «sich vd tur lich» trong nghien etru lich sir. ‘Trong sit hoe hign dai! ngwoi ta quan ni¢m sit ligu 1A tt cd nhing gi, di ft hay, nhidu, true tiép hay gién liép, chira dung nhitng long thong tin vé lich sit gidip nha sit hoc x4c minh nhieng sy kign efia quit hit, dng lai bo mt ~ that ciia Ich sit va tir dé, tim ra nhitng mdi quan h@ ben trong, nhieng qui luat van dong clia lich sit. Sit liu khong phii chi duge ghi chép baing tai 1igu vain ty. ma con dirge An tang trong thin thogi, truytn thuyét, trong ede dang tr ligu truyén migng, trong cée di: tich vat chal, trong ngOn ngit, trong ten dit. trong nhiing tic phim vin hoe nghe thuat, trong phong tye tap quin, trong lin ngwng ... lit idee thi day ki Trong mot bai viet mhan dip gid 13 Hong Vuong nim 1969, dong chi Pham Van Dong ling phe phén quan nigm hep hoi chi bist 6 sit sich : «Ching ta ¢6 mot ngudn sit ligu rat qui gia 1 truyén thayét trong dan gian, C6 nhitng ngwdi chuyen nghién, ciru ve khoa hye hOi, vé lich sit ma chi bing vao sit sheh do tree d2 Iai, khong thay edi-kho tang rat phong phi v@ nh 1A phong tye Lip quan. Ia trayén thuyét, Hi ngon ngi, 1A eude song mudn mau cit quin ching nhan dan, cade song ngay nay cén in hong cude sng ngay xua, dé- 1a nhitng ngudi cin thi, phién dign...»(@. ‘Trong Hgi nghi quée té che khoa hee lich sit Fin thir 15 do Hi sit hee quée té 1B chite tai Bucarest tir ngay 10 dén ngay 17 thang & nim 1980, vain dé lich sit. truyén migng (histoire- orale) dirge néu len nhw mot trong nhing eho x () Pham Van’ Dong, han ngdy Gi vue Thing. bao Nhan dan ngdy 29-1 nim 1969,Tre igi mgt van dB... 7 dé lon eda phuong phap luan sir hoe. Tyi tity ‘ban Nhitng vn a2 vd phucong phép ctia lich sit drayén migng. nhitu bao cho va tham Iu ‘chizng minh ring lich sir truyén migng 1A mot ngudn sit ligu phong pha, quan trong can dirge thu thap va khai théc trong nghién eiru lich sir. Hon thé nita, mot sé bao cho cdn cho ring, Tich sir truy8n migng c6 thd duge sir dung nhir mot trong nhing th’ loai etia sit hoc hign dai d® phd cp kién thite Teh sir xudng dong dio mhan dan nbing nse ma da sé con md chi), Chinig ti c6 thd qua quyét ring, néu ding nhu Nguyén Vinh Phie néi nhimg tar ligu truyén migng «echinh xic 100%», mang tinh chat scthieng .liéng va thanh thi ching khong th8 gat bd mot eéch giin don va t tign duge. Chie chin né e6 xudt phat tir mot sy th§t lich sir ndo dé vi ft nhigu eb mang trong minh n6 mot edi « e6t-I0i lich sit» gi dé, nghia 1a ¢6 chita mot Lwrgng thong tin can dirge tim t0i, khim ph&. Tw ligu truyén migng khong nhiing cin thiét d6i voi mhitng thai ky chia 6 chir viét, ma ngay saw khi chit vit ra doi va Ur ligu chit viél cing ngay cdng phong pha Ahi sir hge vin khong the gat bd tir ligu trayén migng ra khdi eke ngudn sit ligu. Vite khai théc tu ligu tray@a migng khong nhing chi d§t ra d6i voi-vige nghien citu lich sir dan toe lich sk dGt nude, mA On cin this déi vei vise nghién eiu Ijch sir dja phwong, lich sir dong ho va nhan vat, Tieh st che ngdnh... Di nhien, mbi logi sit ligu, do ngudn géc, d§e rung va rténg cia n6, c6 nhing n che, Ngay tu ligu vin ty, ke e& nhing Logi goi 1a a stch vo thu tich », khong phi bao gio chinh xc va dang qua ti -egidy tring mye den» cia chinh sit mi dén ay, Nquyén Vinh Phite vain nhc Igi trong bai vigt, chuyen Trin Nghé Tong cho Nguyén Ung, Long l&,«con nha bin titn dim My 14 ngoc canh yang» nén khong cho lim quan, durge chép trong Dal Viet sit ky todn thir. Két qui nghién ciru gin day cho thay, di’u ghi chép 6 cia ehinh sit triu L6 khong hoan toan ehinh, she. Qua bai the Ky ling Nhj Khé ki?m chink Nquyén Ung Long cia Trin Nguyen Dan @) third rang Nguyén Ung Long di timng git chite kidm chink duéi tritu ‘Trin, Dé 1a mgt circ quan cia Trung thy sinh va Mén hq sinh li nhing co quan giip vite ben canh nha vua. Theo quan ché dgi-Téng. nhirng chire quan nay duge trytn chgn trong hang ngi si nhan@). Chinh Nguyén Trai, trong bai Blu ta on vist Ide 60 tudi. if tur -nhan minh la ¢ tan than mat dud, chuoiig ct tity nho», cht dau phai dong ddi «con nha ban tie Tw ligu truytn migng thuge pham tra van ha dan gian (folklore), Juang thong tin lich sir cla né c6 nhidu han ché va thudng bj in gidu dudi nhing lop vd phite hop cia tin ngwong dan gian, cia phong tye tip quén, ciia tam 1 dé bj cnhiéu loan Vi vay ig. ehn doi chiéu voi nhidu ngudn sit ligu khée va phai phin tich, “Toe nhidu® d® gan loc ldy nhimg thong tin lich sit cita nd. ‘Tom gi, vO mal sit Tig hoe va phuong phap lugn, d@ yen din nhing bite man bi an bao phir quanh tidu sit Nguyén Trai da hon m thé k¥ nay. ching ta khong the chi don thuin dia vao mQt ngudn tir ligu mao. Ching toi chit trong van dung phirong phép tng hgp, tha thap. khai thie. nhitng théng tin ed, Tien quan Ur tit ed che ngudn sir ligu kha nhau, bao gdm tir sir sich thir tich xa dén gi phi, cae di tich thr cing, tai ligu truytn khiu..., dem déi_ chiéu, ki’m tra va bd sung cho nhau d® c ging tim: ra nhing sy that bi che gidu. Ve van de thir hai.’ Nhu ching toi da viét va Nguyén Vinh Phite nhic lai, Nam Ha tiép luc cha Lé Duy Dan va Nam Ha kj van lap-cia Ding Trong An 1a hai tae phiim din tin (theo sp hidu biét cho én nay) trong thw tich 3 eta ta ndi rang, Nguyén Tri thuge dong ho Nguyén Bie. Nhung Nguyén Vinh Phitc lai coi digu ghi chép dé chi 18 gid thuyét, @e6 nhidu ehd khong thong ® va cdudng nhw dé 1A mot Nguyén Trai khde» (tr. 84). Lap lun efia the gid c6 ba aids 1. Nguy8n Trai qué & Nhj Khé (hay Chi Ngai, dirge phong tude Quan Phye hiu, nhung ich tren lai chép 1a «i Chirong Die ® hay «nguwai Gia Migu” voi toe higu IA, Due quée cong hay Thii ste Dee quée cong. 2. Theo hai sach trén thi con cia Nguyén ‘Trai la Long hay Dao va nhw thé 1a tring v6i ten ong noi Nguy&n Ung Long, digu ma phong tue fia ta khong, chip nban. : 3. Tra trong che gia pha dong ho Nguy% Bac. khong thiy e6 ai tén 1d Nguyén Trai. (1) Tham khio: Comité intérnational des sciences historiques, '158 Congres international des sciences historiques, Rapports T. 1, Grands themes et méthodologte, Editura academi publicii socialiste Romania, 1980. ©) Tho vin Ly Tran, nha XB Khoa hoc xa hoi, TIN 1978, L 3, tr, 198 — 199. (3) Hoang Ban Ky, Lich dat quan chite bleu, ‘Throng 1980, tr. 192,78 | ae Nghten ctu lich si 35 6-198 Trude hét ching toi muén giéi thigu qua _hai tie pham cia L@ Diy Dan va Dang Trong n. Nam Hé tiép luc do Lé Duy Dan vist vao khong dau thé ky 19 voi lai tng bat d?nam ‘Tan mii, Gia Long thi 10 tire nim 1811. Ban ciia Vign thong tin khoa hoe x& hoi mang ky higu A. 586, chép tay, 7 to khd 32X22 em. Sach gdm 5 quy®n, chia lam 16 digu. 2 didu, Hoang gia phd he va T bidu. 4 didu, Van tip, Phip do, Cong phi “Q.3: 2ditu, Quin dognh chién trdn va Son xuyén hin thé. , Qa ai cit, Van shoe, Tit nghia, Phong tye un sinh. 3 divu, i ‘Tap dj than quai, Tai twang Loi tng bat dt vito cusi sich eho biel Loan canh va co so tte liga d8 the gid viét Nam Ha tgp ue whe sau: «Vao nim Gia Long, thang gitta mia thu, t0i eting ngw@i anh he 1 Than len thanh Thing Long ing khao va dirge dy yao hang tring cach, Tinh bang rdi ur ve: Anh Than ban vige 1am sit, (Oi ben khong ty ctu ng vung ve, thu ehép uhig digu trong ete sich ma cfc doi trude trong gia dinh 101 cdn giit Iai durge va trong cae sich mi ngwéi ban cig huyen toi 1a Dang Ba Trang & Phi An, Nguyén Dang Thich & Nam Duong cdn git duge, bien tap {hanh mot cudn, chia Lm 5 quytn, trong 6 66.16 digu, sau mdi diu deu ‘co phu them li dink, Nhu vay, tie phim duge viel tren co sé Uwe ligu su tam trong séch eta gia dinh Wie gid va ban be eding huyén. Trong 6 digu phdm lé dat & trude Ii tng bat, tae git ur neu len cho minh mot nguyén tie Jam vige nghiém te: «Mot Ia, ede sich din dung, sich eit rach Rat ditt doan hoge cd chd khuyét luge thi cit a® khuyét tn ghi, khong dim chita bay » @). Khi danh gid cudn sich pha van hoe qué e6 Trin Van Giép da nhan x¢t Ifa Ligp Tuc 1a mOt bo sach cd gid ti tuy gon ngiin, nhuag ed nhidu tai ligu mai» CO), ban Nam Ha kj van tap do Ding Trong An soan voi loi itu d&n d@ nim nham than, nam 1312, Sach mang ky higu HVH. 1759 eda Vien thong tin khoa hoe xa hgi, chép tay, gdm 11 t8 khd 16X2B em. Sach c6 i Lidu din va che muc: hoang tritu ngge phd, binh ché, ho phap, ditn php, nhan vat, eiing mot phy luc gdm hai phan, thi vin toin yéu va) Ha Tién feuygn luan, Loi titu din lia the gid ndi r6: € Toi c anh (i 1a Trang cha § steu tim thu thap tr ch cf tan khuyét edn gid lai duge ei ky Io, chi durge mot it [tai ligu] ve thé thir va binh ehé, hd phép. dién php, nhan vat gidi, van Uy hay, soan thanh mgt tap mang (én la Nam Ha ky vain tap»). Khi gidi thigu cudn séich nay, nha van ban hoe Tran Van Gidp cing nhan xé1:« Vige ehép trong sich, co nhivu digm xuit_nhgp so v cae sich khie chép v8 chita Nguydn trong Nam, nhung efing ¢6 nhigu ditm d§e digt, nhw noi gée tich nha Nguyén 1a Nguyén Trai va my tho cia ni thi si Pham Lan Anh va tidu Iruyén eiia nang... thye ding lu ¥ > @). CA hai cudn sich eta Lé Duy Dan va Dang Trong An déu théng nb&t cho ring, Nguy: Trai thude dong ho Nguyén Bie — Nguyén Ki Nguyén Trai trong hai tie phdm nay la Nguyén, Trai Ue Trai, chir kh phai va khong thé JA mot Nguyén Trai nao khéc nhw Nguyén Vinh Phiic da néu len theo 11 suy doin chit quan, D6“1A Nguyén Trai ma Lé Duy Dan chép rd lag tho L8 ThAi Td & dong Khi Lam, c6 cong binh Ngo khai yuée duge phong théi sir Dye quée cong. «Thi Tong nim Dai Bao thir ba, nha vua di twin phia Dong, tro va dén viron Le Chi huy@n Gia Dinh, ngwai thiép ciia Ong 1a Thi LO duge di theo, vua chét thinh linh, nén ong bj hai »(®) va Dang Trong An cing ghi mot each khong th® nham in duge: «cu6i nbd Hd, dng etng voi Lé Thai TO An ndu vao niti rimg >», Gdén khi Khoi Dinh 6 Lam Son, Ong:lam Han kim thita chi, kiém, Khu mat vign tan nhung vu», «khi quan Minh dong gitt cde thanh Nghé An, ‘Thujn Héa, Dd, Dong DO, dng ban trong thi trit vige qu ben ngodi thi viet thr [fy hoa phic dy, gite d@u ra hing», «dep xong gitie. ong ng6i soan Binh Ngo dai cio», «do cong luo, Ong duge phong Quan Phye hau va whan ménh pho vua tré (tire Pong) »... (7) Nguyén Trai phd L¢ Thai T2, tham gia khdi nghia Lam Son, gitt chire Han Im thir chi () @), Le Duy Din, Nam Ha ligp luc, sich chit In. ehép tay. Vign thong tin khoa hoc xa hoi ky higu A. 586, (3) Tran Van hu kho séch Nin ~ Nom, 136. () Ding Trong An, Nam Ha ky van tap, Vign TTKHXH, HVH, 1759, 1@ 2a. G) Tran Vin Giap, Tim hidu kho sich Han ~ N6ém, dd, tr. 138. () Lé Duy Din, Nam Ha tiép lute. dd, te 3b. (7) Ding Trong An, Nam Hd ky vain lap. n TT KHXH, dd, to 2b. dip, Tim HN 1970, U1 tr.Tre Igi mot vn dB 79 kigm Khu mat vign,, vita tra hogch_ muu lige vira viét the dy hang cdc thanh, Nguyén Trai binh Ngo khai quée, téc gid Binh Ngo dai cp, duge phong- Quan Phyc hau... mot Nguyén ‘Trfi nh vay con ai khac ngoai Nguy8n Trai Ue Trai ma ching ta ban 6 day. - Van d@ djt ra 1d, ghi chép cia Nam Ha tigp luc va Nam Ha kj van tap ve dong bo Nguyén 6 ding hay khong, ¢6 cin cit hay khong ? Nguyén Vinh Phic My mot vai chi tit ghi chép trong hai cuén sach trén vé Nguy&n Trai, dom déi chiéu voi nhimg hidu biét cia ching ta hign nay ve Nguyén Trai, thay khong phir hgp va-trén co sé d6 bée bé nhing didu méi Ig trong sach. Vé mit nhan thite lugn, ching {Oi nghi ring, d6i voi mot déi tirgng dang nghién cin, 6 nhidu vin dé chwa rd, thi ching ta chi nén coi nhitng nhan thire dat + duge hign nay ve d6i twong d6 1a.con han ché va 1d co 8 d® tién toi nhitng nhan thie mdi sin hon, chi khong nén coi dé la tat ¢& va cling khong nén ldy dé Lam tiéu chuin de ggt bd-mgi tim toi phat hign- mai. Chéing 101 thira han la nhang ghi chép v@ Nguy&n Trai trong hai cudn sich tren c6 nhiing chi tid thigu chinh xic, giita hai sich cing c6 nhimng dj bigt, mhung ¢6 nhivu divu moi lg cn tra cir, chia nen ¥Oi két ludn 1a sai. Xin neu vai vi dur Chinh sir cho biét, Nguyén Trai duge phong Quan Phye hau doi Lé Thai TB, duge truy phong Tan Tra ba dai Lé Thanh Tong va Te Van hau doi L@ Twong Duc. Nhung ngoai ba lide higu a6, hinh nhwr Ong con e6 nhieng tude higu truy phong va gia phong khae nia trong cic bing sic. Tang thong ngdu lue eda Pham Dinh HB va Nguy&n An cho bit: « Khoing nam Quang Thudn (1460 — 1469), vua ‘Thanh len ndi ngoi, thong dng li oan, xudng rira oan, truy ting la thai sw Tug quéc >, pha Nhj Khe chép thém Urée quan cong do vua Le ting-phong thoi Lé trung hung, Sich Ti@n nguyen todl yéu phd Hen bien lai ghi them mot tuée higu nira cha Nguyén Trai 1a Thai su Hug quée cong @). Do dé, tude Dire quée cong hoge chite urée- Thai su Dye quée cong ma Le Duy Din va Ding Trong An noi dén cing c6 tht cin ctr vao mot tai 1igu mio dé ma ching ta ebua bidt, Qué quan cia Ng theo sip hide bigt tr triGe dén nay 1A Nhj Khe (hay Chi Ngai, nhung néu Nguyén Trai thude dong ho én Bae thi Dang Trong An ghi la « ngwai ia Midu» lai-phit hgp va Le Duy Dan ghi «din & Chong Dire» khong phi khong “6 ly do. Gid Mitu ngogi trang 18 qué huong lau doi eta dong ho nay, & Chong Dike cing. 6 mot chi cia ho may sinh séng™) Nguoi con eda Nguyén Trai ma hai sich trén chép 1a Long hay Dao véi. chite turée La Thai sw Sing quéc cong, cing cin xem xét kg. Sich Tang Uhong nydu luc ghi mgt chi tit ding liu ¥, Nguyén Anh Vo la con ciia Nguyén Trai, sau duge truy Wing Thai se Sing quée cong (4). Qua lei tng bat va loi itu din, eting ta biét Le Duy Din va Ping Trong An di dua vao sich vo cit cia gia dink, efia ban be vi cde bac ky Mo d2 vist Nam Ha ligp tue va Nam Ha ky van tap. Tiée ring, theo \i-viel thong thidng thoi bay gid, tae gid khong ghi rd xudt xi tir ligu d® ngay nay, ching ta ¢6 th? kidm tra dén tan g6e. Tac gid Tin hidu Kho sich Hin Nom t8 va than treng va ding mye khi coi nhitng ditu ghi chép ve dong ho Nguyén Trai trong hai cudn sich nay la edidm die bigt... thye dang lu ¥ >, nhu y clin duge khong cho bidt cétu ky I & dau»), aa ching ti cing chwa tim duge u true Lig efia Le Duy Dan va Hinh nhir hai tic gik 06 sit u chung, vi 10i tng bat Din ¢6 noi dén stich cia Dang ma Ding Trong An cing 18 ngwoi ho Ding & Phi An huyén Chan’ Dinh. Tuy vay, gin diy ching tim thay vai tir Ligu trong gia pha thr teh ghi chép ve dong ho Nguyén Ti gin nhw Le Duy Dn va Pang Trong An 1 ching (0i x d@ cap dén & phan sau. Dang Trong A. dung mot sot Le Duy Vé van da thir ba." Nguyén Vinh Phiie dua ra mot cugm gia pha ciia dong ho Nguyén Gia Thitu & Lidu Ngan h. Ha Bae) va nhan dink: “Theo iu cia ching (Oi thi cu6n nay th u bidu cho cde gig phi dong ho Nguytn s < Bye» (tr, 85). Ching ti hét sire ngae nbi¢n (rude nhgn h dé cia the gis. Dong ho Nguyén Bic mot dong ho lin, cd nhivu chi nhanh la rong tren nhivu dia phirong chia dt ntsc, nén s6 lirgng gia phd rit nhidu. Ching oi (@) Phar Dinh 113, Tang tueong ngdu luc. nha XB Van hoa, Ha Noi, 1960, tr. 93. (2) Tién nguyen lodl ydu phd Un"bien, sich * n gb doi Nguyén, 16 2b. Nguyén gla thé he phd ky, gia phi ho tn Gia Mieu. m Dinh HB, Tany Uurang ngdu tue, dd. tr, 93, 6) Trin Udn ~ Nom, dd, tr. 138. Van Giap, Tim hitu kho sich80 od vy ‘ khong rd tae gid di d6i eb sn Nguyén gin phd ky cha chi ho Nguyén 6 Lisu Ngan vi bao nhiéu gia pha cde chi khae ea dong ho Nguy8n Bye d8 di dén lujn tren, Nhung qua bai viét, ebiing 161 thily tic gid chi so sinh vii mot cuén'pha cia chi ho Nguyén- dich & Vy Cau (Vink Phi). Va ngay vige so sinh déi chigu gitta hai cudn phi nay, the gia-ciing khong tién hanh cin thin, da. voi ket Iujn: cudn phi ho Ngyyén-dich khong chi tiét, (F mi va nhat 1a khong cd bing» cudn phi ho Nguyén-gia (tr. 85). Chang 101 muén lim sing rd nhan @jnh nay true khi sir dyng tir ligu ben Wong cin eudn phi. Cuén gia phd dong ho Nauyén G cia Vign thong tin khoa hoe; 75 16.-duge danh sé trang tir 1 dén 149, Cuén chép tir doi 1 Nguyén Bye den khi phan chi vao adi con cia Negi Duan, hd nity yen Cong é di chép riéng cic doi ei in tit Nguyén Vi dén Nguyén Gi: Thiéu va con chau. Can cir vao loi Cin an & ngi dung thi cuén Nguyén gia pho g n yao khoang cudi thé ky 18 trén co str mt cudn phici do Quynh Son hau Nguyén La soan nim Hong Thudn thir 6 (nim 1514). Nhung vat bin con’ gi hign nay duge sao chép va bd sung vao'dai Nguyén. Ho Nguyén-djch & Vu Cau con gitt duge hai ouén gia pha.'Cuén thir nhat 77 to khd 15 X % em. to dau dj rich. Cuén thir hai 95 to khd 15 X 27,5 em, 1 to dau bj rach n&t timg phin. Ci hai cudén c6 ‘xudt nhgp it nhitu, nhung cin ban giéng nhau, c6 1 dirge sao chép ‘ur mét ban xia hon, V2 bé cuc, c& hai dew chia Lim ba quytn : Quyth thuong chép tr doi Nguyén Bic den Nguyén Bien, kém theo'bin dai tong dd ghi phd he cia ho dai tong. ~ Quytn trung va ha dirge goi 1A «chink phd luc » chép Ur doi Yen quin céng Nguyen Bich Hin tr Dich Vi higt chinh va Tuan 13 Dich Tun tham khio. Theo gia pha ho Nguy&n-dich thi Nguyén Dyeh Tai Lam quan agi Nhan Vuong Trinh Carong (1709-1729) va Doan Nam vuong Trinh Khai (1782-1786), Nguyén Dich Vili con trai thit hai cia Nguydn Dich, Taiseiing im quan déi chia Trinh va di ting pho Lé Chiéu: Théng. Nguy8n Dich Tudn 1a con trai thir ba cita Nguyén Djch Tai, chét nim mau ngo tite nim 1789. Nhu vay hai eudn phi cia chi ho Nguyén- djch durge sogn vio cudi thé ky 18. Nhung vin bin edn lai hign nay eiing dirge sao chép vé sau vA c6 bd sung them nhimg doi sau. i hi. Sel e6 ° * nhat 1A dé Nghitén ctu lich sit s6 61981 Ditng ve théi ditm bidn soan thi hai cube pha efia chi ho Nguy&n & Ligu Ngan va Vu Cau dau'sogn vao cudi thé kj 18, khong the ndi.cuén nao ed hon cuén nao, Van ban higu ton cia c& hai cuén pha cing déu dirge sao chép mudn hon. yao doi Nguyén. Cuén Nguyén gia phd kj, voi nhitng dja danh « Bic Ninh tinh, Thi Thanh phi, Siéu Logi huyén, Lig Lam tng, Li&u Ngan xi» dii ching to van ban khéng thé s6m hon khi nha Nguyén chialinh vao nim Minh Mang 12 tite nim 1831. Ve noi dung, ‘thé thi cde dai ti doi 1 dén dai 15 chp irdng hai cudn pha ndi chung khop nhau, nhirng cing khé dinh gia rang, cuén pha Nguy€n-gia «chi tiét, ti mi» hon cudn pha Nguyén-djeh. So sinh cu thd thi dé dang nhgn thy, cuén pha Nguyén-gia ghi ép chi tit nhitng dei thude chi hg cita minh, Nguyén Gia Thidu. C6 thd néi, cuén pha nay Ja mot tai ligu quy a2 nghien citu du sit Nguyén Gia Thidu, Nhung ve mat nay, cudn pha Nguyén-djch cing chi tit hon nhitng cuén phi khac ve cac doi thuge chi ho Nguyén-dich & Vy Cau. Noi chung nhiing cudn phi cite chi du ghi chép ew th’, ty mi hon nhitng doi thuge chi dé. Nhung cic dai truéc khi phan chi, nghia 1a tt doi Nguyén Bic dén doi con eta Nguyén ‘Cong Duan (day 1a ph’n ching ta dang clin x4c dinh), thi khéng phai cuén pha Nguyén-gia chi wiét, 1¥ mi hon cuén pha Nguyén-dich. So sinh d6i cy th8 cho thy: — Tir Nguy8n Byc dén Nguyén Bi chung cuéi phd Nguyén-dich ghi chép cy tht hon, c6 nhigu chi tiét hon ‘so voi ‘cudn phd Nguydn-gi = bvi Nguyén Cong Duan va cae con, cuén pha Nguyén-dich khong chép, chi khiexp Ong 13 ofia ehj Vy Cau 1a Nguyén Djch Hign thi nhde qua hai dai éng va cha IA Sang quan cong va Phuong quan cOng. Riéng v2 ‘hai doi trén, cuén phi Nguy8n-gia hon cuén phd Nyguyén-dich 14 ed chép day di. Hign nay, ching toi di nghién citw hon 10 cuén pha! cia dong ho Nguyén Bic chép tir doi Nguyén Bic tro di (khong ke nhitng cudén pha cfc chi khong chép ngwgc len dén adi Nguyen Bic va efing chwa tinh nhitng cudn pha cin dong Nguyén Ung Long — Nguyén ‘Tr: trong dé 06 7 etn -ding lwu ¥ nhit: — Gia pha ho Nguyén & Gia Migu (Tong Son, Thanh Héa). — Gia phi ho Ngny&n-hitu & Mau Lam (Nga Son, ‘Thanh Héa). — Gia ph& ho Nguyén 6 Cd Am (Vinh Bio, Hai Phong). »Tre Igi mot van dé... 3 — Gia pha ho Nguyén & Thach Pong Quy Liru, Ngh¢ Tinh). ~ Gia phi ho Nguyén-dich & Vy Cau (Ha Hoa, Vinh Pha). = Gin phi ho Bé-nguyén & Bae Khe (Thgch "Lam, Cao Ling). = Gia phi ho Nguyén-gia & Lidu Ngan Thun Thanh, Ha Bac). Qua nhitng cudn gia phi Wen, ching 101 bist duge dong ho nay 44 trii qua ohitu lan bien soan gin phi. Ngwai sogn pha dau tien 1a Nauy&n Quée doi Ly rdi dén Nguyén Non, Nguyén Gidi, Nguyén Thuyen doi Tran va Nguyén Lit di Le Twang Dye. Sau doi Nguyén Cong Duan, dong ho ni 7 ngirivi con trai lam 7 chi theo ia Ong. Gia pha cde chi déu dya vio gia phi dai tong do Nguy&n Liv soan Van cudi cing, d¥ ghi chép va 18 tong va chép ligp che d Dem so sinh d6i chiéu 7 cudn pha tren thi cing khong th8 néi cuén gia phi, Nguyén-gia @ Liéu Ngan, cudn Nguyén gla phd kj. 1a cudn phi « Uiéu bidu cho ede gia phi dong ho Nguy&n Bae» nhw Nguyén Vinh Phie nhan xét. Day seh} 1a cudn pha titu bidu cia chi he Nguyén @ Libu Ngan, con che doi trire khi phan chi thi so Inge hon so véi nhigu cuén pha khite, nat 18 so vGi cudn phi cfia ho Nguyén & ‘Miu ngogi trang. Chiing ti di nghien iru hai -cudn pha ciia déng ho nay. Cuén thir nhat khd 16 X 28 em, chit viét thio nhung khé rd. 9 to dau bj rach nat it nhidu, phan cu6i mat may to, hign edn 75 te. Cudn pha chia im hai phan, Phin dau mang ten Nguyén gla thé phd cuong ky (Wes 1a — Yb) chép tir dai Nguy&n Bae dén doi Nguytn Gong Duan va ghi r do Hg bO thugng thi chiring sir ‘Quimh Son hau Nguy&n Lit soan. Phin thir hai mang tén 1a Nguyén gla thé he phd ky (to 10a— 75b) chép ky hanh trang eta Nguyén Cong Dulin cing véi she phong nim Thugn Thiti thir 2 {ndim 1429), r3i chép dén 7 chi theo 7 ngwoi con trai cia Nguyén Cong Duan. Sach bi mat mity te cu6i, nén ditng lai & chi thir 6. Cu6n thé hai khd 13x 25em, chép chan rd rng, c6 38 8, t8 du bj mat mit 1a nén khong tan sich va _ngwdi bien sogn. Nhung so véi cuén thit nbat thi hai cuén rat gidug nhau va hinh nhw cuén thir hai chép tir cudn thir nha. May man la cu6n thir hai khong bj mat phan cudi, nén chép dii 7 chi. Hai eudn 8 sung cho nhau, cho ta mot cudn phi kha day dit ve dong ho Nguyén & Gia Mitu. Truée day, cac chi ho Nguy&n mdi khi bj mat pha,, vin cho ngwoi ve Gia Miéu sao chép rdi bien soan thém eée dai thuge chi ciia minh. Khong so sah déi chigu day dit, ty cho cuén cita ting chi. Nguyén gia phd kg 1a tieu bidu, Nguyén Vink Phiie hon toan tin cay vao sy ghi chép cia cudn pha nay. Vira khong tign hanh khio ching ben ngoai, vira khong khdo ching bén trong, tac gi si dung hanh trang cia Nguyén Van Tang chép trong cudn pha dé d phan bac ching Wai, Theo lac gid thi Nguyén Van Tang tham gia khdi nghia Lam Son, dirge phong toc Sang quée cdng nim Thigu Binh thir 2 (1435), lie dy Ong «it nhit eaing phai ba chye tudi, Lire phdi sinh khoing nim 1400» (tr. 86).*Vay Nguyén Cong Duan 1a cha cia Nguyén Vain Ting, phai hon con ft nbét 1a 17 tudi, nghia 1a xp xt tudi Nquydn Trai (1380 — 1442). Tac gid ly 46 lam mot et Tigu quan trong d& ching minh rang, chi rigng v8 mgt tudi tae, Nguy8n COng Duan di khong th 1a con eitia Nguyén Trai nhur ching 10i néi. Doan vin eha Nguyén gia phd kg nhur sau: «Tien 13 Sing quéc eng Van LS 1a con thir nm eta Hoanh quée cong. Lic Thai TO kh3i nghia & Lam Son, dng’theo cha la Hoanh quéc cong pho ta. 6 cOng lon. Lic binh dinh xong [ong duge] ban ho vua. Nam Thigu Binh thit hai, [ong dugc] phong Vai ding céng thin 1g quan dO déc (chr phi bi x6a), thai ay Sing qude cong»). Xin Juu ¥ la gia phd chep rd (én cia Sing quéc cOng 1d Van LO (& hai chd tr. 6 va tr, 54) chit khong phai Van Tang Cha L6 va Tang, trong chit tan, ty dang gin gidng nhau, nen cé 18 Nguy&n Vinh Phoe doa nham va mot vai gia phi khée nhu gia pha ho Nguy&n-djch, cing chép thanh Nguy&n Cong Tang. Néu dem d6i chiéu vGi nhang cudn pha cia dong ho Nguy&n Bge ma ching toi di neu & tren, thi hi c6 edn pha chi ho Nguyén & Thach Dong chép gan nhw vay, edn nhitng cudn kia déu chép khac. Vi dy, cudn pha ella ho Nguyén & Gia Midu chép hanh trang cia Nguyén Van L6 nhur sau: «Sing quée cdng Nguyén Van LS Ja con thit nam cia Hoanh quéc cong... Ong 1am quan duéi ba tritu vua Le Thanh Tong, Hién Tong, Uy Mue. Sau vi c6 cOng khéi nghia lap vua Twong Dye, dng dirge phong 18 Higp muu dong dite thugng try quéc, thai bio Sang quée cng, thyy 1a Dat Dao» (), img ve mat vin bin, titu sit NguySn Vio L& chép trong hai cnda pha trén c6 sit khac nhau quan trong, @0i hdi nguéi nghién cia phi giam dinh ein than true khi sir dung. Tiée ring Nguy&n Vinh Phe di khong lam () Nguyén gia phd kj, bin ky higu A.2351 Vign TT KUXH, tr. 54, 2) Nguyén gia thé he phd kj, ur ligu khoa sir DTH Ha NOi, to 57a.46 va chinh vi vay, uma tae gid dang lam co s& cho sy phin bac eda minh Igi dan tée gid dén hing sai [am va mau thudn trong tu ligu va 1gp lugn, Nhang phan tich sau day ching minh ditu dy. Xét ve chite tide, ehire Trung quan do dée ma Nguyén gia phd kj chép Nguyén Van L8 duge phong vio nim Thigu Binh thi hai (1435) thi theo quan ché doi 12, lie bay gid cha c6. ‘Thoi Le Thai TO (1428 — 1433) va Le Thai Tong (1434 — 1442), nha Le chi moi dgt ve quan nim dgo : Dong, Tay, Nam, Bic va Hai Tay. Sang thdi Le Thanh Tong (1460 — 1497), nim Quang Bién | Chigm ! Tr Cong Duan 1 2 | | pile Trung Nhan Chink Nhu tiéu Theo nhiti gia phi cia dong hy Nguyén thi Nguy&n Bign da tig gidp Iwong thye cho phong trio Gian Djnh (1407 — 1409), ‘Trang Quang (1409 — 1413) — vin d@ ndy, Nguyén Vinh Pinic cing c6 néu én trong bai viét cia minh — va néu theo: Nguy8n gia |phd- kg thi chau dai thi nim cia ong 1a Nguyén Van LS tham gia khéj nghia Lam Son. Phong trio chéng Minh ti hic Giin Dinh dy binh cho dén Iie khéi nghia Lam Son thing Joi gdm 20 nim (1407 — 1427). Trong vong 20 nim lim sao edng hign dign nim déi ngudi, hon thé niia ong (3 doi 1 va chéu dai 5 cing tham gia vao cuge d&u tranh dé, nghia 1a ngwai chau da trudng thanb. Nguyfn Vinh Phdc cé dua ra mOt eéeh tinh 1udi JA nguéi cha phdi hon ngudi con ft nhat 17 tudi. D6 14 khoang céch t6i thidu (tinh theo ci binh quan) gitta tudi ngwdi cha va ngwoi con dau. Con, khong cich trung binh gita wie di hay néi céch. khée, gira eée thé he. thi thong thudng ngwai ta van tinh tren duéi 30 nim. Khong cfch gitta che ddi tinh theo xia ph& cia ho Nguyén cing gin nhw thé. Tr doi Nguyén Bac thé ky 10 dén doi Nguyén Cong Duan thé ky 15, c6 13 dei trong vong 5 thé kj, binh quan khodng cach gita cae doi 12 tren 30 nim. Tir doi Nguyén Cong Duan dau thé ky 15 dén doi Nguyén Gia Thitu 741 — 1798) cudi thé ky 18,06 12 doi trong kheang 3 thé kj rudi, binh quan khoang céch wita che doi & day cing gan 30 nim. Trong a8 hOi truytn thong cia ta, c6 hign twang Nhu Trice Nghien ctu Uch st 36 6—1988 Thuan thir 7 (1466), nha Lé méi dgt quan nim» phi li: Trung quan, Dong quan, Tay quan. Nam quan, Bie quan, va mdi phd c6 chite tir hau dé dée dimg dau. Phd Trung quan lank cae xi Thanh Hoa, Nghé An), Chie Trung quan dd dée-chitng 1 Nguyn Van Ld khong phi duge phong dudi tritu Lé Thai Tong nhu gia pha Li8u Ngan chép, Chire dé moi 06 tie d3i L@ Thanh Tong, sau nim 1466, nghia JA phie hgp voi sy ghi chép eva gia phd Gia Miéu hon. Xét ve mit tudi the, thé thit che ddi thea ‘guyen gia phd kj nhw sau: (7 con trai) 5 | Van Lo. vi elie dal eo dudng», thm chi cd bigt c6 engi dai ddng dung», nhwng trong trading hgp 46, dita chau cidi cing hoc mdi sink hod cdri du tho, chwa th truéng thanh dén mite e6 th® tham gia khéi nghia. Sy ghi chep ctia Nguyn gla phd ky rd rang c6 chd cha chinh xéc nén d& bOc 1¢ nhitng mau thudn gitta thé thir véi tudi tac va hanh trang cia nhan vat. Néu Nguyén Bign da timg ding hd phong trao H4u Tra thi khong th8 co sw vige Nguyén Vin 12, chau doi thir nim, (han gia khdi nghia Lam Son. Hon nia, theo chinh sit, Truong Lac hoang thai hgu Nguyén Thj Hing 1 vg Le Thank Tong, me Lé Hién Tong, bj giét hai ngay 2 thang 3 nim 4t situ, Doan Khanh thir 1 tite nam 1505. Ba tho! 65 tudi (2). Tir dé c6 the tinh ra nim sinh cia ba Ji: 1505 — 64 (65 tudi ta) = 1441. Theo cae gia phi ho Nguyén thi Nguyén Thj Hang 1A con gai cia Nguyén Dite ‘Trung va theo Dai Viél sit ky todn, thie, 1 con gi thir hai. Tym cho ba 1A com gi thir hai va cimg 1A con thir hai (nghia 1A cha Uinh con trai) efia Nguy&n Dire Trung va theo (1) Xem: Dai Vigl sit ky lodn thu. nha XB Khoa hoe xa hdi, 1IN 1968, t. 3, tr. 197. Vigt str théng giém cuang muc, nha XB Vin Sit Dia. HN 1959, t. 1, tr. 4 Huy Chi, Lich tridu hign elucong lout chi, nha XB Sir hoc. HN 1961, t. 4, tr. 7. ©) Dai Vigt sit ky loan thu, dd, 1.4, tr. 42 va tr. 5,Tra igi mét 'vén dB... 83 nguyén bie tinh tudi do chinh Nguy&n Vink’, Phiie d@ ra, ngwoi cha phi hon ngwoi con triréng it nhat 17 tudi, nghia 1A hon ngwéi con thir hai kho&ing 19 tdi, thi Nguyén Dire Trung sinh nim: 1441 — 19 = 1422, Chi tinh ng con trai, theo gia ph ho Nguyén, Nguyén Dire Trung Ki con trdng va Nguyén Van L3 1a con thir nim cia Nguyén Cong Duan. Tam khong tinh con gai va ly binh quan kho&ing chch gitra ee con 1a 2 nim thi, Nguyén Van LB phai thua Nguyén Dire Trung ft nbét 10 tdi: Vay Nguyén Vain LS sinh sm nhét 1 vao khoing nim: 1422 + 10 = 1432. Nhing phép tinh cy th® & mire ti thitu cho thay, B iy gid chi tom lrg (Oi xin chuytn sang trinh nhitng cir ligu va lap Juan cia 4g Oi chitmg minh ring, Nguyén Trai thuéc dong ho Nguyén Bac, trong d6-cé mot sé tai 1igu ching (61 -méi tim thay gin day, sau khi cong b6 bdi May vin de v8 dong ho, yia dink va cuge doi Nguyén Trai, Vé lich sit-nghien eitu, ching 101, mu6n bru $. trong dip k¥ nigm Nguy&n ‘Trai num 1980, Ngoai ching ti, con 6 it nbAt bén tae gid nifa cing phat hign ra van d@ nay: Dé 1a nha nghién etru vin hoc Bai Van Nguyén véi tac phim Nguyén Trai@) va bai phat bidu trong cude hdi thio vé than théva su nghiép Nguyén ‘Trai. Dé 1d nhitng cin bo nghitn ecu va gidng day lich sit tré tudi Nguyén Vin Khanh, Tran Quée Binh véi bao cho khoa hoe Gép phiin tim hidu ddng ho Nguyén Trai @) va Nguyén Hitu Thong véi bio cio khoa hoe Dong ho Nguyén Trai 6 Binh Tri Then). Qué trinh tim 10: cing nhw ning cin ct khoa hoc cha ching ti co th® qui vio hai vain d@ chink — Méi quan h@ gitta ddng ho Nguyén Ung Long — Nguyén Trai va dong ho Nguyén Bie — Nguyén Cong Duan. — Vi tri cia Nguy&n Ung Long va Nguyén i trong efte thé thir ctia dong ho Nguyén Bac T Vé van dé thé nhét. Nghién etru gia pha cée chi ho Nguyén, ching tdi thay tyu trung cé th8 phan lam hai logi: mot logi chép tir Nguyén Bie qua Nguyén Bign dén Nguyén Cong Duan va con chau, mot loai chép ti Nguyén Ung Long (hay Nguyén Phi Khanh) qua Nguyén Trai, Nguy8n Nha Soan, Nguy8n Nh Trach va con chau, Ching t6i tam goi‘logi thir nhat 1a dong A va loai thie hai la dong B. yén Van Ld sinh ra sau khéi nghia Lam Son va nhir thé, lam sao 6 vige Nguyén Van Ld «tham gia khdi nghia Lam Son sém.» nh Nguy&n Vinh Phite xac dinh duge. Chi so bo lam vai cOng vige so sanh van ban va gidm djnh sit ligu nhwr trén, da thay uhitng etr 1igu ma Nguyén Vinh Phite ritt ra tir Nguyén gia phd kj va ding d& phan bic ching 16i 1a thiéu chinh xe. Rigng ve trang hop Nguyén Vin L8, thi tudi doan dinh sz Lau sit xée djnh sai. Vi vity. ching ti thay khong c&n thi phii thio luan nhang 1p dya trén co sé nhimg ett juan cia tie gil Higu do. fren van bin nhing gia phd lw hanh png rai thi dung nhu giita hai dong A va B khong cé6 quan hé gi vi nhau. Vi vay, tt liu doc mot sé gia phi cia hai dong dv, ching t0i khong phat hign van dé gi néi Ien méi quan hé giita hai dong. Nhung khi tiép xite voi mot sé cy gid, nhimg ngwoi quan ly {ge pha ciia che chi thuge hai dong dé, chang toi DAt gap nhimng tr ligu truyén migng didi dang nhitng loi di chic truyén khau 6 ¥ nghia thiéng ligng ho§e nhimg cAu chuygn lu truyén qua nhiéu ddi, coi hai dong A va B ngay xwa vén 1a.mdt. Chiing tdi da tim hanh kitm tra nhitng tr ligu truyén kh&u nay va xie nhan ring. n6 c6 ti lu doi (ai nhien v6i tinh cht truyén migng thi lam sao dink duge nhitng thoi dim that ey th’), mang tinh chit thiéng liéng, chan thanh, chi khéng phi do ai dé d§t ra voi dong ou «thiy sang bit quang lam ho» hoje nhimg ly do bit chinh khae. Tw ligu truyén migng goi ra cho ching toi vin'd’ phdi xem xét lai moi quan he gitta hai dong A va B. NO 1a ggi ¥ dau tien va cing LA mot co s& tw ligu d® nghién evru van dé d3t ra. Nhung néi rang, ching tdi chi dua vao tr ligu truy8n migng thi hoan toan khong. ding. Méi quan he gitta hai dong A va B ma tr ligu truyén 1g goi ra con duge trye tiép () Bai Van Nguyen, Nguy8n Trai, nha XB Van héa, HIN 1980, tr 366. @) Nguyn Van Khanh, Trin Quée Binh. Gép phan tim hitu dong ho Nguyén Trai, ve ligu khoa sit, Dai hoc Tong hgp Ha Noi. (3) Nguyén Hiru Thong, Dong ho Nguyen Trai 6 Bink Tri Thien, tw ligu khoa sit, Dai hoe Tong hgp Hué (bai do tae gid cho mrgn xem, xin chan thanh cim-on).84 hay gian tiép phin anh va ching thye qua mt s6 di tich vat chat nhu bai vj va den 2 miéu thé ting 13 Lien, qua ky te mhidu doi duge th8 hign trong gia phi, va qua cf mot sé sach yo thir tich.. Sau day 14 nhieng cit ligu chinh ma ching toi da thu thip duges 1. Chi ho Bé-nguyén & Bac: Khe (Cao Bing) va Nguyén-dieh & Vy Cau inh Pha), theo gia pha trong dén thd ho Iyi the Ung Long va Nguyén Trai 14 18 cfia dong B. Nhitng bai vj nay cé tir lau déi va 6 nha tho Bac Khé con git duge dén sau Cach mang thang Tam 1915, & nha tho Vy Cau méi bj bom Mj phi hiy trong cuge khang chién ching My citu nude vita qua. Nai Hau (Ha inh) c6 hai chi ho n Nguyén Hoang Nguyén Anh Vo tite dong B. Hai chi ho nay di cw dén day ti thé ki 16 va ngay xua eding chung mot tir dudng & che Luong (gan huygn ly Hai Hau). Chi thuge dong Nguyén Anh Vo coi dé 1a ba diréng (ahd thd eta dong anh) va e& hai chi, qua nha thé hg chung. vin coi nhau 1a anh em cing 13. 3. Chi ho Nguyén & Lan Tra (Tinh Gia, Thanh Héa) 1a con chan Nguyén Nhit Soan thuge dong B, nhung cy Nguyén Dinh Hae, trong ldi tya viét cho gia pha dai tong, van ghi nhG: «Ti thuedng trong len xa xtea doi iruée, thdy di viin chép blén trong Uié phé eila ede cu tit nhitng thé kj trade d? Iai tht cu thiy that 13 déng ho ta la Nguyén Bec» aghia 1A cing td véi dong A. 4. Chi ho Nguyén & Quynh Phuong (Nghe Tinh) la con chau Nguyén Con 16 (tite Nguyén Vin LO) thuge dong A, nhung gia pha cing “whi: «70 tien chung géc vdi ho Nguyén & Chi Ngai» thuge dong B. (4) 5. Gia Miéu ngogi trang (Thanh Héa) 1a qué Inrong cia Nguyén Cong Duan thude dong A. Nhung & day, ben eanh nha thd ho on cé mot ngdi migu cd (da dd nat) tho Nguyén Trai thuge dong B va con chéu con Tru truyén mOt bai tho Qué Nguyén Trat miéu ngdu d@ ma ching t0i da trich dn trong bai May van de... 6. Dong ho Nguyén-hitu & Phuong Dic Qiu 1a dong. doi Ngny8n Cong Duan — Nguyén Dite Trung — Nguyén Hitu Vinh thude dong A. nhung trong gia phA Iai ghi (3 tht nh4t 1k Nguyén Trii thuge dong B.@) 7. Gia pha ho Pham-nguyén & Thiy Pha (Phi Xuyen, Ha Son Binh) cang nh bai Tién sink su trang khdo cia Duong B& Cung trong Ue Trai di t@p_ghi Iai cau chuygn: sau Nguyén Nghlen citu Uch sit s6 6—1981 vu an tru di, mot ngudi con “Trai bi sung lam con his duge vua Le Thanh Tong tu D6 1A mot truyén thuyét kl dan gian vé mdi quan hé giva Lé Thanh Tong va nguéi con gai Nguyén Trai, Truyen Think Tong hodng trong Tang thong ngdu lue cia Pham Dinh Hd Nguyén An chép Igi cdu chuyén tren va didu dang Iwu ¥ 1a ni ring, ngudi con gai dy 1a Truong Lac hoaing hau), Theo chinh sit va cée tai lidu’ dang tin cay thi Trudng Lye hoing hau la Nguyén Thi Hing, con gai cia Nguyén Ditc Trung, chi eta Nguyén Cong Duan. Nhw vay li con gai Nguyén Trai (thude dong B) ‘ong chuygn dan gian lai duge ddng nh&t voi mot nhan vat e6 that ng lich sit 1a hoing hu Truong Lac, con gai Nguyén Dire Trung (thude dong A). méi quan he on nghia git Le Thanh Tong va Nguyén Trai, cu chuyén nita dan gian nita lich sit n phin Anh mdi quan h@ gitta hai dong ia Nguy&n trong cung dinh, Qn vao hgu cung. ‘i phd bign trong 8. Dau thé ky 19, voi Nam 14 tgp tue va Nam Hd ki vdn tap, Le Duy Dik va Dang Trong An, chia biét dya vao Ur ligu ey tht nao, di dit Nguyén Trai vio dong ho Nguyén Bye, nghia 1a ddng nhdt dong A va dong B. Nhu vay 1a ti ky ite cia con chiu trong ho, di chiie ciia Ong cha, truyén thuyét dan gian dén dén miéu, bai vi tho cing 1 tien, dén mot sé gia phi va th tich cd..., dw dang dam nhat khée nhau, trye tiép hay gién tiép, nghi van hay kh&ng dinh, mirc dO cing 6 kha nhau, nhung d@u phin anh mot méi quan hé ¢6 that cin dige kham phé gitta hai dong ho Nguyén Trai va dong ho Nguyén Bac. Ve vin dé thir hai. ‘Tir van d@ thir nhdt dj ra vin d@ th hai: mill xich chip ndi gidta dong A va dong B& ché nao, hay néi edech khae, cn xtc dinh vi tri cia Nguyén Ung Long va Nguyén Triti, 1 cia dong B, trong h@ théng cic thé thir, cia dong A. Diy li dau méi phite tgp. bi che gidu lau ngay nén rit khé phat hign va xac minh. Trong bai May véin d®..., ching t0i da vidt: «Bikm then chét trong phd he tren 1 mbi quan hé gitta Nguy8n Bign va Nguyén Ung Long (1) Gia pha viét bing cha Nom cia ho Nguyén & Quynh Plirong (Nghé Tinh). (2) Nguyén-hitu toe phd, din trong Dong ho Nguyén Trai & Bink Tr} Thien, dd. (3) Pham Dinh HB, Tang Uurong nydu tue, dd, tr. 172.85 vao ddi thir 10> (tr, 16). Theo két qua nghien ciru ciia ching t0i thi « vio dai thir 10, trong uyén e6 mol ngwéi ten Ta Nguyén Bien» va «sau vy tru di nam 1442, trong ho da gidu tén Nguyén Ung Long va thay thé bang tén Nguyén Bign», «vide d§t Nguyén Bign vio vi tri eda Nguyén Ung Long li vita d@ bi mat bio tn dong ho, vir d2 che gidu moi quan h@ voi chi ho Nguyén Ung Long — Nguyén g mye den, Trai» (ir, 16). Trén gity tré ching (01 di vidt ro rang whw th khong hitu vi sao, Nguyén Vinh Phi cho chiing 101 ¥ kién-cho nhung lai gan ing, theo chiing tdi, Nguyén Phi Khanh va Nguyén Bign Ja mot ngwdi, roi dai dong bign Ingn ve van dé do ty minh dt ra nhw ¥ Ching t0i xin nhie Nguyén Bign va Nguyén Ung Long (Nguyén Phi Khanh) 18 hai nguéi eb cude song ring, tidu sir ritng, nhung Nguyén Bign khOng ¢6 con va sau nay. con chau di ding ten Nguyin Bign dt vao vi tri that cia Nguyén Ung Long trong gia pha va phd hé. din Chang (6i xin trinh bay nhitig ci ching 16i dén két lun trén. Xuft phat du tien cia ching t0i 1A nhitng tw ligu truyén migéng va chit viét cia chi ho Nguyén 6 Bac Khé. Ong 1d cia chi ho nay 1a Nguyén Tong Thai thude dong doi Nguyén Bie — Nguyén Cong Duin, Gia phd dau clia dong ho do chinh Nguyén Tong Thai va con 1d Nguyén Ta Lam hay Bé Ti Lam, soan vio nim fit ty, nim 1605, trong hodn cinh dong ho nay Vira phd Le chong Mac quyét ligt vira c6 mau thudn gay git véi chia Trinh. Chinh trong hoan cinh d6, chi ho nay ddi ra ho BE tire ho vg efia Nguyén Tong ‘Thai. Bau thé kj 19, We trwdng 1 Nguyén Tin cing voi Nguyén Doin bd sung gia phd vao nim Gia Long thé nim, nim 1806. Dén nim 1860, Bé Nguyén Tuan sogn lai gia ph’ va mot ban giin Inge Iu hanh rong trong ho. Nam Thanh Thai thir 7, nim 1895, Bé Cao Tung ‘bd sung vA soan lai ban Iu. hanh cong khai. Hien nay. dong ho Bé-nguyén con git dige hai bin gia pha cng khai do BE Nguyén Tudn vi Bé Cao Tung sogn va mot bin gia phi lu Al trong pham vi nhitng ngwoi quan Ty te phi. Ngoai ra, dong ho con gitt direc mot bin Nguyén (de dai tong dd do BE Ta Lam 1p Tin dau vao nim Phic Thai thi 2. nim 1664 va Nguyén Tién bd sung vio a Gia Long thit 1, nam 1802. Chi ho Bé-nguyén con lw truy’n trong di rd net nh’t Hhieng Idi truy’n migng vA di chic truyén khau cia ong cha, khong nhitng ve mdi quan he gia hai dong A va B, ma ci vj tri fia Nguyén Ung Long va Nguyén Trai trong thé thir cia déng ho. Hon thé nita, ching tdi muén nhdn manh didu nay, nhing bi mat cdia dong ho khong phdi chi truyén, migng qua cic dai mA cdn dwge ghi vio gin pha Itu mgt va bin Nguyén le dai tony da. Theo gia pha chinh thire thi thé thir ed doi KB ir Nguyén Bign nhwr sau Nguydn Bien (Quan Trang) | Nguyén Chiém (NguyEn Trir = Quin ndi = Chu | Nguyén Cong Duan (oanh quée edng) ee | | Nguyén Nhu Tréc Nguyén Vain 15 (Phé quan cong) (Shing quée eng) | H quang hiw) Nguyén Van Liu (Tring quécedng) | Nguyén Van Lang (Nghia quée cong) | Nguyén Hoding Du Nguyen Kim (Chigu huan tinh cong) Hau hét gia pha dong ho Nguyén Bye déu ghi: NguyéA Bign (Quan tring) — Nguyén Chiém (Quin ngi) ~ Nguyén ‘Trir (Chigu Quang hau). Nhung theo gia ph Bic Khe thi, Nguyén Chiém hay Nguy&n Trir chi 14 mot ngwoi voi tude higu 1A Quin noi hay Chidu Quang hau. Ve khich quan, sy ghi chép -nay hgp ly va phi hgp véi hanh trang cée nhan vat hon. Cac gia pha déu ghi chép théng hat, Nguyén, Bi¢n tham gia phong trdo Hau Tran (1407 ~ M13) vA Nguyén Cong Duan 1 mot trong Tinh cia nghia quin Lam Son (1418 — 1427). Voi khodng cich trung binh gita che adi 1A tren dui 30 nim thi tr Nguyén Bign dén Nguyén Cong Duan gdm ba doi 1A hop ly, nhung kéo thanh b6n doi thi khé gidi hich. Nguyén t6c dat long dd ghi rd: «Bien tite th) Ung Long». Gia pha lwu mat cia dong ho cho biét cy thé hon: phy dgo Nguyén Bien khong c6 con va sau thim hoa tru di Ng Trai, trong ho di ding tan cing hanh trang cia eu yao vi tri Nguyén Ung Long, voi lai di chiie cho con chau « phat ddt déi thd cing phy dao Nguyén Blén da ¢6 cong bio ton Adu dug td Ung Long». Lai di chic duge hitu vA giki thich rd rang nbw thé, chi khong the suy dién nhu Nguyén Vinh Phite duge. Con nhitng ten Nguyn Chiém = Nguyén Trir va nhing twée higu Quan ngi = Chieu Quang hau dou 1a ten va tude higu gid eiia Nguyén Trai. Trong uhimg gia phd khite, ngwoi ta tach Nguyén Chiém va Nguyén Tre thanh nhur hai86 ngwoi thuge hai déi 1a m9t each thay ddi thé thir d& che gidu ch§t hon nia nhing bi mat cia dong ho. DE dd phong sy lam Lin cia con chau ve sau, che cy xua con soan mot bai ke chép trong van cting 13 tién nim Iu truyén va gidi thich mot cach kin dio didu bi mat eda dong ho. Tiée ring, dén nay chimg tdi chia su tlm durge day dii bai ke may. MOt 36 ngwai trong ho con nhé my edu nhs s+ Hoa hd hoa bi nan hoa cét, Tri nhan tri dign bat tri tam. Thign Se dao diu chung hitu bio, , Cao phi vin tu gid nan dao... Nhitng tr ligu cia chi ho Bac Khé cung cdp mot «chia khéa® quan trong: Nguyén bign duge ghi vao vj tri Ngiyén Ung Long, Nguyén Chiém,=Nguyén ‘Trit,=Quan ndi=Chidu Quang hiu 12 tén vA twée gid cia Nguyén ‘Trai. Nhung lam sao kit tra vA x&e minh dirge . mhing digu bi in da bj che day lu ngiy niu ay? \ Hign nay. chiing t0i tim duge bén tai tien quan dén van dé trén: . 1, Gia pha cia déng ho Nguyén-hitu & Phuéng Die (Hué). Dong hg nay con gitt duge ba bin Nguyén Hitu te phd, mot bin sao chép nim Ddng Khanh thi 4, nim 1889, va hai bin sao chép nim Thanh Thai thir Il nam 1899 (1), voi thé thir 7 dei dau nh sau Nguyén Trai (thdi_su) — Nguyén Sing — Aguyén Nghia ~ Nguyén Doan (thai Gy Hoanh quée cOng) — Nguyén Dire Trung — Nguyén Hiru Vinh — Nguyén Hau Dat, 2, Nam Ha tigp lye ciia Le Duy Dan voi loi tng bat dd nim A811. Cudn sach ndi rd Nguy8n ‘Trai thuge dong ho Nguyén Bic va chép nhing thé thir tir doi Nguyén Trai nhu sa Nguyén Trai (thai sw Dye quée cong) — Nquy&n Long (thai su Sing quée eng) —Nguyén hodng Dao (Hoanh quée edng) — Nguyén Van Lang (Nghia quée cong) — Khiém va Gin (tite Poang Dy, thai dy An Hoa hiu, Trimg quoc eéng) — Nguyén Kim. 3. Nam Ha ky van tap ciia Ding Trong An voi 10i tidu din dé maim 1812. Cudn sich nay chép thé thir tt doi Nguy8n Trai nhw saut Nguyén Trai (Dye quéc cOng)—Nguyén Dao Aihai str Sang quée cong) — dng Nghia — ong Hoang — 6ng Hao — Ong Khidm va ong Gia Ghai ay Trimg quée cong) — Nguyén Kim, 4. Tién nguyén toat yéu phd tien bien voi Joi twa dé nim Khai Dinh ther 2, nam 1917, Ching toi doe cudn sich nay tai tr liga khoa ab khd 15. X Bre, gom 51 to khong ke ter bia hoc tng hop Hué. Sach in bin Nghien citu lich st s6 6-1981 vi 3 to lai tya. To Sf da mit nén thay bing 1 chép tay. Vign thong tin khoa hoc x hGi cing c6 cuén sich nay voi ba bin mang ky higu A. 3151, VHV. 1758, VIIV. 1744 (kho sach Han — Nom dang kit ké dé chuy’n cho Vign Man — Nom, nén ching tdi chira 6 digu kign kim tra ba bin nay). Cudn séeh khang dink 13 nha Nguyén tir doi Tring quée cong (), con che divi trude dé, goi la Lin bien, thi co nhidu (ai lige ghi chép khée nhau. Tac gid.di néu len 9 ti Ligu — Hoang trigu _ngy che ngoe digp thé he, — Dai sir ky tigp lye. n bin. — Gia Long nguyén nidn dai gid Bie Thanh chidu van cOng toe edng tinh bidn bin. = Dai Nam quée sir didn ca. = Quy hirong bién bin. — Dai Nam thie lye tin bi ~ Naw ché Viet sit cwong gi Trong 69 tai ligu trén e6 ba tai ligu ehép thy 13 1k Nguyén Bye. BO 1A Dai Viel ste ky Ligp luc, Da sit va Quy huang bien ban. Bang Inu ¥ Li 6 mt tai itu. Gla Long nguyen nién dai gid Bac Thanh chiéu vin cong 6c cong link bien ban, chép Nguyén Trai voi thé thir inhi sau: Nguyén Trai (thai sw Hug quée cong) — Nguyén Long (thai su Sing quée cong) — Nguyén Trir (Nghia quée cong) —Nguyén Cong Duan (Hoanh quée cong)—Hao (thai sit quan) — Nguyén Luru (Trimg qude cong) — Nguyen Kim va Nguydn Th: Moi xem qua thi thiy sup ghi chép thé thi tir dei Nguyén Trai efia bén tai ligu trén day rat phite tap, rdi_ ram. Nhung phain tich ky VA két hop voi nhirng tr ligu khae, thi chinh str ghi chép dé Iyi goi ra nhidu ditu eo ¥ nghia, Truée day. doe Nam Ia tigp lue vi, Nan 1d kg van lap ching Oi ban khodn khong ro le gid dya vao tw ligu nao dB ehép Nguyén Trai thuge dong ho Nguy&n Bac. Dén nay, ching () NguyBn Hitu ‘Thong, Dong ho Nguysn Trai G Bink Tri Thien, dd. (2) Sach ghi chi: Trimg quée cong, hay chd viét a Vin Litt, ed hd viét 1a @ Dy. Theo gin phi he Nguydn & Gia 6 th’ xac djnh Trimg quée cong 1a Nguyén Van Lira (e6 gia pha chép 1a Nguy&n Van Thao vi ty dang hai chit Lira va Thao gin gidng nhau), Dal Viel stt ky toda Ur va Phi bien tap tue chép Holing Dy sinh ra Nguyén Kim Ia sai,Trd lai mgt van dé...” toi van chia tim ra phitng tw Ligu trye tiép -«to(), Nhung qua gia phi ho Nguyén 6 Phuong Dic va mot tai ligu trong Tién aguyén lodl -yéu phd tién bién chép Nguy&n Trai voi vi tri va thé thir gan nhw hai tae pham trén, thi 6 th hinh dung duge phan ndo co so tir Vigu chung cita sy ghi chép do. Dem di chiéu tén, chite Lurée vA thé thir che dai ghi chép trong 4 tai ligu trén voi phd hg _ho Nguyén theo gia pha 6 Gia Migu va Bac Khé, ching (61 lap hing so sinh sau: Trong bang so sinh: 1: Gia pha ho Bé-nguyén & Bac Khe. I: Gia phd ho Nguyén & Gia Miéu. Ml: Gia pha ho Nguyén-hitn & Phuong Dic IV: Bién ban nam Gia Long thit nhat chép trong Tien nguyén todl yéu phd ten bien. aF V: Nam Ha lip luc. Vit Nam Ha kj vin lop Phan tich bing so stoh, c6 th rat ra may nhan xétr — Bén ddi sau, tir Nguyén Cong Duan dée Nguyén Kim, c& 6 tai ligu n6i chung 14 phi hop. G day chi cé vai dj bigt va nhim la €6 th giki thfch duge. Vi dy = Nguy&n Cong Duan, c6 tai ligu chép le Doan vi ty dang gin ohau, c6 tai Tigu chép la Holing Dgo hay ong Ho&ng hay Hoanb qués cong 1A theo tire higu. Hao trong tai ligu IV vA VI khong ¢6 trong gia phi, nhung la-cha cia Tring quéc cong nén c6 tht hidy dé la mot ten khic cha Nguy&n Nhu Trae cing nh Gia 1& mot tea khéc eta Trig quéc cng Nguyén. Van Lin. Bang so sinh déi_ chiéu wo aD ay av) w) wD Bign — Ung Long + Bign + [Ung Long) + [Ung Long] < [Ung Long] + [Ung ong, Chiém = Tri = Chiéme Trai — Trai - Trai - ‘Trai X=Trir= Chiéu Quang (thai su) (thai sw Hug (thai su Dye (Due q ude cong) haw). 7 quée cbng) ——_quée cdng) Sing Long (Sing —_ Long (thai su Dao (thai su Sang quée cong) Sting qu6c cong) qué cong) | Tri (Ch Nghia (Nghia Tre Nghia Quang hau) quée cong) (Nghia fr | | | Duin +——— Duin Doin Duan Hoiing Dao ean Aoanh qc) | (Hoanh q. ©.) (Hoanh q. ¢.) (Hoanh q.c.=Holing) | l Tri uh Trang Hao Lang Mao (frinh ge) (Phé qe) (Sang qe) | | (Nghia qo) a | | a 7 ~ Vinh Lau Lang ih Lua Khiém Giv Khiém Gia. (Tritng qe) (Nghia qe) (Trimg qo) (Hoang Dy (Crimg wx | ao = An Hoa h. qo a \ 7 \ = Tring q.c) ‘Thich Kim Thai HofingDy Dat Kim Thai (An Hoa hau) Kim () Khi vigt bai nay, tim Igi cde phiéu doe sich of, ching 18i thay 6 quytn Hoang 4rizu bdo digp mang kf higu A.1326 cia Thu vign khoa hoc xa hoi ci. Quytn sach nay ‘chép vé dong ho Nguyén Trai véi thé thir gin nhu Nam Ha ti¢p Tuc. Nhung tiée ring kkho sich Han 7 Nom dang déng cita dé kitm ké, nén ching t6i chua cé dieu kies wai tai ligu may. tra cou88 Nghtén citu lich sie sb 6 — 198% —— Tw aeCU__0_—9 ‘Tai ligu V d§t Nguyén Van Lang vao vj tri con cia Hoanh quéc cong tire Nguyén Cong Duin va cha cita Gia lire Tring quée cong, cing nhw chép Holing Dy duge phong twée An Hoa hau roi tude Trig quée cong, thi sai so vi gia phi, Nhung sai lam nay 6 ly do cia n6, vi cing ¢6 sich nhu Dai Vigt ste ky todn thar va Phi bién tap luc chép Nguyén Kim 18 con cia Nguyén Hofing Dy va Nguyén Hoang Dy 1A con cia Nguyén Van Lang. — Tir sau doi Nguyén Trai dén truée dei Nguyén Cong Duan thi bén tai ligu HL, IV, V, VI chép khong théng nhat va khong phi hgp lim v6i gia pha I, I. Nhung tra cttw kf thi cling thdy duge ly do va co sé cita n6. B6u tai 1igu WI, IV, V, VI chep con Nguyén Trai la: Sing, Long = Sing quéc céng, Long=thai su Sing quéc cong, Dao=thai sir Sang quéc cdng. CAi thong hit 6 day 1A coi Sing=Stng'quée cong 1A con cia Nguyén Trai. Su ghi chép d6 c6 th gidi thich duoc M —_Bign-Long Chiém a ap. ayy) Trai ~ WD Trai Xét bin ddi chiéu thi, theo Nguyén ‘Trai & yao vj tri cia aia pha, tire phat hgp voi nhing tr ligu iin Bac Khé néi Chiém 1a ten gid etia Nguyén Trai, Con ba tai ligu WL, IV, VI thi Nguyén Trai & vao vi tri Nguyén Bign, nghia la bj ay len mot dai s ci Bac Khe. Nhung ditu dé lai c6 th gi tage vi, trong nhigu gia ph& ho Nguy&n, Chiém va Tri von 1a nhing ten gid cia Nguyén Trai, bj tach 1am hai nguwoi nhw hai dléi-khée nhan nghia 18 kéo dai them mt * Vain ing tx ligu thu thap duge cho dén nay, ching t0i chia coi 18 day di, nhung di 6 cv sé khoa hoe cin thiét cho phép bude dau xéc dinh Nguyén Trai thuge dong he Nguyén Bic. Ging nen néi them 1a mot sib chi ho thuge dong Nguyén Tri va Nguyén Bye tir lau van gift nhing mdi quan hg than 16e va khofing nim siu nim nay, di dem ddi chiéu gia phi cing nhing tw ligu khie cia gia t0c, d@ dan dan nbin nhgn nhau chung Gt dong ho. Dé 1a mot thye t& tdn tai va “két qua nghien edu di vi theo Tang throng ngdu tue thi Nguyéx Anh VO. con cia Nguyén Trai, sau duge truy- phong 1a thai sw Simg quée cong. Ba tai ligu UT, IV, VI. chép doi tiép theo» 1a: Nghia=Nghia quéc cng, Trit=Nghia quéc. cong, Nghia. Nhu vay Nghia = Nghia quéc cOng=Trit, ma theo tai ligu IE cing nhu nhigw gia phi ho Nguy&n thi Trix 1a con cia Chiém va theo tai liéu T thi Chiém 1A ten. gid ciia: Nguyén Trai. Xét ky thi Sting tie Anh Vo, con ci Nguyén Trai va Nghia=Trir 1a con cfia Chiém, tire Nguyén Vay hai doi nay, trén thie té d@u thuge dai con cia Nguyén Trai trong chrong vi ddi Nguyén Cong Duin, nhung vi su che gidu, ding (én tréc gik va thay ddi thé thir lau ngay lim Igeh Ige. méo mé di. — C& bon. tai Ligu MI,IV, V, VE Igi ghi chép th6ng nhat & adi Nguyén Trai. Chi dor: thuan xét vé thé thie thi thay: = Trt = Tri... Duan Duan Doan = Duan Duan Hod ng Duin Hofing = Duan doi gid d® thay adi thé the. Tém lai, bon tai li¢u van ty ching toi nex: Jen tren day déu thong nh&t coi Nguyén ‘I 1a td cia Nguyén Cong Duan te thuge dong ho Nguyén Bye. Ton, tée va thé thir ghi trong bén ai ligu e6 khae nhau it nhidu_ nhung phan tfeh ky két hop yi nhing tr ligu khfc, thi cing phi hgp vi c&i €khoa > do nhing Ur ligu cla ho Bé-nguyén & Bic Khe cung edp:Chiém = Trir 1a ten gid cia Nguyén Trai va Nguyén Bign djt vao vi th Nguyén Ung Long trong gia phi. didn bién ngoai sy nghicn eu va t ciia nhitng nha sit hoe. Chitng (i hidu, phi in nhiing lp bi in nhimng bite man bi An do ehinh con ngwoi tgo ra véi nhitng Iy do khée nhau, lai cang khé khan phire tap hon nita, Nhang gi: chiing t0i trinh bay trong bai tra Loi nay va bai nghien cétu'truée day, chi mdi 14 nhine tien, dyt ra mot vie (xem tiép trang 93)