Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
First International Social Democracy Reformists Fabians The Bolsheviks Early Comintern Comintern Soviet Science
Soviet Marxism Western Marxism French Left Frankfurt School Trotskyists Left Communism Marxist Humanism Market Socialists
Guerilla Marxism Maoists National Liberation African Liberation Black Liberation French Revolution Paris Commune Utopianism
Anarchists Feminists Populists Political Science Philosophy Ethics Political Economy Natural Science
The founders of Marxism, Marx and Engels, participated in the “International Workingmen's Association” from 1864
to 1872, where they found their first base of support and a connection with the workers' movement. Based in London, the International
found supporteres across Europe and in the U.S.A.
https://marxists.architexturez.net/archive/index.htm 1/22
10/3/2018 Marxists Internet Archive Library, Complete Index of Writers
In the 1880s, militant workers' movements grew up in all the capitalist countries. Marxists built powerful social-
democratic parties which gave political leadership to these movements and transformed Marxism into a worldwide,
mass movement.
https://marxists.architexturez.net/archive/index.htm 2/22
10/3/2018 Marxists Internet Archive Library, Complete Index of Writers
[Biography] a deputy – he was the only member of government to do so]."
Executed by the German government.
Helmut Wagner (1904-1989) < 5 [Biography]
Left Social-Democratic journalist and teacher, member of the German
Rote Kämpfer network (influenced by council communism) in the 30's. August Thalheimer (1884-1948) 10+
Wrote under the pseudonym Rudolf Sprenger. German socialist, founder member and theorist of the German
Communist Party.
Early American Marxism. [Biography]
Daniel DeLeon (1852-1914) 1,000+ See also: Wilhelm Liebknecht, August Bebel, Wilhelm Pieck
Helped create the IWW. Developed one of the most detailed outlines of
——————
how Socialist society should function. Believed that democratic control
Rudolph Hilferding (1877-1941) < 5
of all industries and services must be held by workers organised into
German socialist and political economist.
industrial unions.
[Biography]
[Biography]
Otto Bauer (1881-1938) < 5
Eugene Debs (1855-1926) 40+
Major theorist of “Austro-Marxism” in the “2½ International.”
Helped build the American Railway Union, and later the American
[Biography]
Socialist Party. Arrested for his political criticism of WW1, won almost a
million votes for U.S. President while in prison.
Ber Borochov (1881-1917) < 5
[Biography]
Marxist-Zionist and one of the founders of the Labour Zionist
movement.
——————
[Biography]
James Connolly (1868-1916) 300+
Helped create the Irish Socialist Republican Party in 1896; served as
E.H. Lane (1868-1954) <5
Secretary of the Transport and General Workers Union. Executed for
Australian Communist journalist, brother of Utopian William Lane.
his leading role in the Easter Rising.
[Biography]
See also: Paul Lafargue, Jules Guesde, Vladimir Lenin, Leon Trotsky, Leon Kamenev, Sylvia Pankhurst, Vida Goldstein.
https://marxists.architexturez.net/archive/index.htm 3/22
10/3/2018 Marxists Internet Archive Library, Complete Index of Writers
The Bolsheviks
Social-democracy was unable to prevent the First World War, and only one section – the Bolshevik Party in Russia, was able
to overthrow their government, pull out of the war and institute a socialist policy. The Bolsheviks called on the workers of all
countries to come to their aid.
https://marxists.architexturez.net/archive/index.htm 4/22
10/3/2018 Marxists Internet Archive Library, Complete Index of Writers
The Comintern
In 1919, the Bolsheviks held a conference attended by revolutionaries fom every corner of the world, and established the
Communist International (Comintern); soon there were Communist Parties in every country, drawing the most militant workers to
the Bolsheviks.
———
See Also: James Cannon, Karl Korsch, Georg Lukács, Sylvia Pankhurst.
https://marxists.architexturez.net/archive/index.htm 6/22
10/3/2018 Marxists Internet Archive Library, Complete Index of Writers
Marxist perspective.
Georges Politzer (1903-1942) < 5 [Biography]
French Marxist philosopher.
[Biography] Christopher Caudwell (1907-1937) 5+
English philosopher and writer, won to Marxism in the 1930s and died
Moissaye J. Olgin (1878-1939) 5+ fighting for the Republican cause in Spain in 1937. Wrote classic
A leader of the Jewish Bund, and later leading member of the CPUSA. Marxist analyses of literature and art.
[Biography] [Biography]
—————
Writers – scientists, philosophers, teachers – in the Soviet Union were obliged to develop their ideas in terms of the official
orthodox Marxist dogma. Most of these writers cannot properly be described as Marxists, but nevertheless their work has
contributed in some way or another to our understanding of Marxism.
I. V. Michurin (1855-1935) Soviet scientist who carried out Anton Makarenko (1888-1939)
groundbreaking research in genetics. Soviet educationalist who promoted development of virtues of
[Biography] discipline and collectivism.
[Biography]
N. A. Semashko (1874-1949)
Architect of Soviet Health System. Sergey Ivanovich Vavilov (1891-1951)
[Biography] Soviet Scientist.
Soviet Marxism
Despite the suppression of Trotskyism and the impossibility of open political discussion in Stalin's Soviet Union, a few Russians
continued the development of Marxism in Psychology, Medicine, Law and the Sciences. This “non-political Marxism” only dared to
show its political colours after Stalin's death.
https://marxists.architexturez.net/archive/index.htm 7/22
10/3/2018 Marxists Internet Archive Library, Complete Index of Writers
[Biography] The creator of neuropsychology. Soviet Psychologist who made
advances in cognitive psychology, the processes of learning and
Evald Ilyenkov (1924-1979) 5+ forgetting, and mental retardation. Charted the way in which damage to
Soviet philosopher. Charted the materialist development of Hegel's specific areas of the brain affect behavior.
dialectics. Wrote extensively on dialectics, the Metaphysics of [Biography]
Positivism, and The Dialectics of the Abstract and Concrete in Marx's
Capital. Alexei Leont'ev (1904-1979) < 5
[Biography] Soviet Psychologist who developed his own theory of activity which
linked social context to development.
V A Lektorsky (192?- ) < 5 [Biography]
Soviet psychologist who wrote on foundations of subjectivity.
Daniil El'konin (1904-) < 5
A I Meshcheryakov (1923-1974) < 5 Soviet Psychologist who developed cultural-historical activity theory in
Soviet psychologist who developed education of deaf-blind children. the field of childhood development.
Western Marxism
As it became clear that the world revolution had not spread beyond Soviet Russia, the Communist Parties still exercised
great influence, particularly in the workers movement, but some Marxists turned to the unique problems of fighting
capitalism in advanced capitalit countries where revolution was no longer on the immediate agenda.
https://marxists.architexturez.net/archive/index.htm 8/22
10/3/2018 Marxists Internet Archive Library, Complete Index of Writers
Guy Debord (1931-1994) < 5
Situationist of the 1960s generation who developed ideas about “the Socialist Party of Great Britain
society of the spectacle.” Valued by the “Autonomists.”
[Biography]
Jack Fitzgerald (1872-1929) 20+
Benny Lévy (1945-2003) < 5 Founding member of the SPGB.
French Marxist, variously Maoist and follower of Althusser, Trotskyist [Biography]
(Gauche Prolétarienne), Islamist and assistant to Jean-Paul Sartre
before returning to the study of the Talmud. Edgar Hardcastle (1900-1995) 50+
[Biography] The son of a founding member of the SPGB, joined the party in 1922.
[Biography]
Trotskyism
After the victory of Hitler in Germany, Leon Trotsky concluded that the Third International was dead for the purposes of
revolution, and launched the Fourth International with his supporters in countries around the world. Trotskyism became an
opposition force in the workers' movement everywhere.
Joseph Hansen (1910-1979) 10+ Sri Lankan Trotskyists include: Colvin R. de Silva, Leslie
A leader of the US SWP 40s-60s, advocate for Cuban revolution. Goonewardene and Edward Samarakkody.
The U.S. Socialist Workers Party also include: Lydia Beidel, Grace Ken Tarbuck (1930-1995) < 5
Carlson, Charles Curtiss, Vincent R. Dunne, Fred Halstead, Antoinette British Trotskyist.
Konikow, Sherry Mangan, George Clarke and Steve Zeluck.
Charlie Van Gelderen (1913-2001) < 5
George Rawick (1929-1990) 5+ British Trotskyist, member of USFI.
https://marxists.architexturez.net/archive/index.htm 9/22
10/3/2018 Marxists Internet Archive Library, Complete Index of Writers
American Trotskyist.
International Socialist Tendency
Susan Green (-) 5+
American Trotskyist, member of Workers Party.
Liborio Justo (1902-2003) 10+ Also associated with the I.S.T. are: Geoff Carlsson, Pete Glatter, Paul
Argentine Trotskyist, founder of the Revolutionary Workers League. O'Flinn and Julie Waterson.
Also known by the pseudonyms of "Quebracho" and "Lobodon Garra."
———
Nimrod Sejake (1920-2008) 5+
Founder member of the South African Congress of Trade Unions Albert & Vera Weisbord (1900-1977) 50+
(SACTU), defendant with Mandela in the 1956-61 Treason Trial; in American Socialists, leaders of the Communist League of Struggle.
exile in Ireland was a leading member of the Marxist Workers [Biography]
Tendency of the ANC and the CWI.
Hal Draper (1914-1990) 20+
Ronnie Sookhdeo (1946-2014) 5+ American Marxist, journalist and labor activist. Founder of the Socialist
British activist of Guyanese origin, member of the Militant Tendency Workers Party & Fourth International in 1938, later founded the
and Socialist Party. International Socialist party. Stopped associating with Trotskyism after
the 1960s.
[Biography]
https://marxists.architexturez.net/archive/index.htm 10/22
10/3/2018 Marxists Internet Archive Library, Complete Index of Writers
Bob Gould (1937-2011) < 5
Australian Trotskyist.
[Biography]
See also: Leon Trotsky, Evelyn Reed, Neville Alexander, Baruch Hirson and others.
Left Communism
A number of Marxists, especially in Europe and the US, not only rejected Stalinism, but rejected the whole project of building
socialism through state power. These were Marxists, not Anarchists, and they remain a force to this day.
Marxist Humanism
Although Marxist Humanism first appeared as a break-away form orthodox Trotskyism, in the 1960s many intellectuals in
Eastern Europe and in the Communist Parties in Britain and the US, embraced a Humanist Marxism, emphasising human
agency, rather than structural determinism and “iron laws of history” and so on.
https://marxists.architexturez.net/archive/index.htm 11/22
10/3/2018 Marxists Internet Archive Library, Complete Index of Writers
https://marxists.architexturez.net/archive/index.htm 12/22
10/3/2018 Marxists Internet Archive Library, Complete Index of Writers
Communists of Serbia.
[Biography]
Guerilla Marxism
Some Marxists, in countries where open political debate was impossible, turned instead to military struggle as a form of political
organisation, retiring to the countryside and basing themselves on the peasantry, rather than the urban working class.
Maoism
In the early 1960s, divisions opened up within the Comintern, with a current sympathetic to the Mao Zedong, as opposed to the
Soviet leader Khrushchev, developing a distinct philosophical and political line, emphasising the role of the peasantry.
https://marxists.architexturez.net/archive/index.htm 13/22
10/3/2018 Marxists Internet Archive Library, Complete Index of Writers
[Biography] [Biography]
National Liberation
Particularly in the decades after the end of World War Two, communists were in the leadership of national liberation struggles,
the leaders of these struggles developed a distinct approach to socialist theory.
https://marxists.architexturez.net/archive/index.htm 14/22
10/3/2018 Marxists Internet Archive Library, Complete Index of Writers
Harry Haywood (1898-1985) <5
Leader of CPUSA and Comintern. Supported Mao and was expelled
from the CPUSA.
[Biography]
The struggle against colonialism in Africa, to create independent socialist states, brought forward several generations of
heoric fighters, who contributed to the development of Marxist ideas.
Black Liberation
From the 18th century up to the present people of colour have resisted oppression by white capitalist powers and have
developed a distinct current of revolutionary socialist thinking.
The leaders of the French Revolution were the first to develop modern social theory and laid the basis for the modern
socialism. Rousseau traced the origins of inequality to private property, and Babeuf is credited with being the first
Communist. The socialist ideas from the French Revolution are one of the sources of Marxism.
https://marxists.architexturez.net/archive/index.htm 15/22
10/3/2018 Marxists Internet Archive Library, Complete Index of Writers
Julien La Mettrie (1709-1751) 5+ Jacques Roux (17??-1794) 5+
Militant atheist. Priest who became a leader of the popular democratic Enragés during
[Biography] the French Revolution. He was renowned for the foul and abusive
language of his journalism.
Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778) [Biography]
It has been said that the French Revolution, put Rousseau's
philosophy into practice, in particular his idea of the Social Contract. Jacques Hébert (1757-1794) 5+
Although he died 20 years before the Revolution, he was its principle Leader of the extreme left-wing during the Revolution and
theorist. spokesperson of the sans coulottes. Hébert initiated a planned
[Biography] economy before his overthrow, after which the Revolution lost the
support of the poor.
Jean-Paul Marat (1743-1793) 10+
Leader of the left wing of the Revolution, inspired the execution of Holbach (1723-1789) 5+
royalist prisoners which launched the second, radical phase of the French materialist and atheistic philosopher.
Revolution; his murder set off the Great Terror. [Biography]
[Biography]
Gracchus Babeuf (1760-1797) 5+
Robespierre (1758-1794) 10+ Rose to prominence in the twilight of the Revolution, convening a
Leader of the Jacobins and instigator of the Great Terror, Robespierre running public forum organising for more radical measures. He can be
was the ultimate “moralist.” His overthrow marked the end of the regarded as the first communist and an advocate of popular
radical phase of the Revolution. sovereignty and participatory democracy.
[Biography] [Biography]
Utopian Socialism
Visions of a better society have been a concern of thinkers since ancient times, and a part of the critique of existing
conditions. The speculations of the early 19th century Utopians are an important contribution to Marxism. Fourier and
Owen in particular were much admired by Marx and Engels.
Saint-Simon (1760-1825)
French Utopian socialist who took part in War of Independence of the ————
United States; opposed Deism and promoted the study of Nature. Edward Bellamy (1850-1898)
[Biography] American author, famous for his utopian novel set in the year 2000,
Looking Backward, published in 1888.
[Biography]
Anarchism
https://marxists.architexturez.net/archive/index.htm 16/22
10/3/2018 Marxists Internet Archive Library, Complete Index of Writers
Anarchism is a political current that has existed in the working class movement from its beginning and was an
important component of the First International, but parted company with Marxism in the late 19th century.
Feminists
From the 18th century up to the present, women fighting against their oppression by patriarchal structures have
developed political science, ethics and critical philosophy and contributed to the development of revolutionary
theory. Many were Marxists.
https://marxists.architexturez.net/archive/index.htm 17/22
10/3/2018 Marxists Internet Archive Library, Complete Index of Writers
American socialist and union organiser. proletariat, the bourgeoisie, the
[Full Biography]
intelligentsia and the Upper Ten
Vida Goldstein (1869-1949)
Australian suffragette, feminist and anti-militarist. Thousand. It assumes a different form
[Full Biography]
according to the class situation of each
one of these strata.” [Clara Zetkin]
See Also: Sylvia Pankhurst, Clara Zetkin, Eleanor Marx, Dora Montefiore, Alexandra Kollontai.
Some writers have advocated the overthrow of capitalism or were outspoken supporters of the Soviet Union, but did not see
themselves as Marxists, or may have combined reactionary “populist” rhetoric with calls for socialism. Some writers have
contributed to the development of socialism simply by reporting on its struggles in their professional capacity as journalists,
often eye-witnesses to revolutionary struggles, although not themselves participants.
https://marxists.architexturez.net/archive/index.htm 18/22
10/3/2018 Marxists Internet Archive Library, Complete Index of Writers
Left-wing British journalist who visited and publicsed the achievements [Biography]
of the Soviets.
Mark Starr (1894-1985)
British labour educator, historian and proponent of Esperanto. Joined
the Labour Party after a time in the CPGB.
“Something new was being created. [Biography]
The history of political science is inseparable from the art of war and the problems of philosophy, and there is a long history
to discussion of the problems of modern political theory. These writers are the pioneers of political science and revolutionary
theory.
https://marxists.architexturez.net/archive/index.htm 19/22
10/3/2018 Marxists Internet Archive Library, Complete Index of Writers
Philosophy
The Value_of_Knowledge archive includes classic works by over 140 writers from the Copernican Revolution up to the
present time, centred on problems in the epistemology, the theory of knowledge.
https://marxists.architexturez.net/archive/index.htm 20/22
10/3/2018 Marxists Internet Archive Library, Complete Index of Writers
Political Economy
Political Economy grew out of moral philosophy in the late 18th century as a new and distinct branch of science,
dedicated to understanding how people can live. The critical study of the political economists absorbed much of
Karl Marx's life.
Natural Science
Marxists have always taken a keen interest in the development of the natural and social sciences and the philosophical problems
arising out of science. Even scientists who have had conservative political views have contributed to revolutionary ideas.
Select Periodical
Select Author Select Section
https://marxists.architexturez.net/archive/index.htm 22/22