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Parasites
Anyone who has ever kept sheep and raised lambs for
market knows that parasites – internal and external – Somehow it seems appropriate to be writing this 300th
are a perpetual problem which just doesn’t go away. As issue of the Ram’s Horn on the longest night of the year.
sheep farmers, raising lots of lambs for our marketing It seems like there is no end to the stories we need to
coop (Northumberlamb) in Nova Scotia, we learned a lot report describing the greed, duplicity, and utter
about parasites. Some parasites can be found in the selfishness of those who claim to be our leaders, whether
wool on the sheep for sale, while others can be found in in industry, finance, or government. But the focus of this
auction barns among the buyers. Many others can be season is on the return of the light with the lengthening
found hiding under corporate blankets. of the days, and for Christians, new life, not somewhere
in the heavens but right here among us. So despite it all,
We learned the hard way about the cost of para- we live in gratitude – for all those who struggle
sites in and on sheep and lambs and how to manage determinedly for justice and peace, and for the generosity
them. ‘Manage’ because eliminating them, like elimi- and beauty of the Earth. It’s all there, not because we
nating ‘weeds’, is simply a romantic notion or an indus- deserve it, but simply as a gift. Happy Holidays!
trial dream. More practical, and ecologically sound, was
learning to keep the parasite burden at an acceptable
level by managing the whole farm to minimize their socially just economy. But the Harper government is far
presence and their destructiveness. Rotational grazing more interested in the welfare of corporate parasites
was a key to this, but this was hard to achieve on than the welfare of the Canadian people. Hence the new
marginal land which was good grazing but not possible “Changes to Support Agricultural Sector Growth
to make hay on, so we still had to use, cautiously, Through Modernization”.
specific de-worming drugs/chemicals. Reflecting on this
experience, it occurs to me that the parasites must After some debate between ourselves we decided
make some contribution to the farm ecology, but I am to print the verbatim text of the Government of Canada
not yet clear as to what it may be. press release concerning these ‘modernization’ changes
. . . continued next page
Thinking about the food system, the same ques-
tion arises: how many industrial-corporate parasites
can the food system support?
because it is a comprehensive summary of the Harper requirements for more stringent record keeping to en-
regime’s agricultural (agribusiness) policy and offers a hance safety. . . .
thesaurus of its customary jingoistic ideologically heavy
language. We have inserted our own headline, but have These amendments follow extensive consultations
added emphases and edited the statement slightly for with producers and industry and will be cost-neutral for the
length. industry.
The Agricultural Growth Act will increase farmers’ The Agricultural Growth Act is a bill designed to
access to new crop varieties, enhance trade opportunities modernize and strengthen federal agriculture legislation,
and the safety of agricultural products, reduce red tape support innovation in the Canadian agriculture industry
and contribute to Canada’s overall economic growth. and enhance global market opportunities. The bill pro-
“Our government is committed to supporting Cana- poses changes to the suite of statutes that the Canadian
da’s farmers and our world-class agriculture industry so Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) uses to regulate our agri-
they can remain competitive in world markets,” said cultural sector:
Agriculture Minister Gerry Ritz. “Armed with the latest - Plant Breeders’ Rights Act (PBR Act)
science, tools and practices, our agriculture sector will - Feeds Act
continue to be an important driver of Canada’s economy.” - Fertilizers Act
- Seeds Act
Among the key changes being proposed in this bill - Health of Animals Act
are amendments to the Plant Breeders’ Rights Act to align - Plant Protection Act
with the International Union for the Protection of New - Agriculture and Agri-Food Administrative Monetary
Varieties of Plants (UPOV ’91) which would update Cana- Penalties Act
da’s legislation from the outdated UPOV ’78 frame-
work. The amendments would include Farmer’s Privilege Supporting innovation
which allows farmers to use seeds from the crops they
The proposed amendments will encourage innova-
grow.
tion and research in Canada’s agricultural sector. Some
Strengthening the intellectual property rights for examples include:
plant breeding in Canada will encourage investment in 1. Strengthening intellectual property rights for plant
Canadian research and development. That will give Cana- varieties in Canada under the PBR Act to:
dian farmers more access to new and innovative seed - Encourage increased investment in plant breeding in
varieties, which could enhance crop yield, improve dis- Canada
ease and drought resistance, and meet specific global - Motivate international breeders to protect and sell their
trade demands. varieties here
- Align current statute with the 1991 Convention of
To help Canadian farmers benefit from the latest
International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of
scientific research from around the world, the bill also
Plants (UPOV 91).
provides the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA)
- Provide Canadian farmers with access to the latest
with the authority to consider foreign reviews, data and
innovative varieties that have been bred to enhance crop
analyses during the approval or registration of new agri-
yields, improve disease and drought resistance and meet
cultural products in Canada, allowing for a more effective
specific international market demands
approvals process. . .
The Act includes a new licensing and registration 2. Expanding the authorities in the Feeds Act, Fertilizers
regime for animal feed and fertilizer operators and estab- Act, Health of Animals Act and Seeds Act to include
lishments, increased monetary penalties for violations, international scientific research when approving new agri-
stronger controls for agricultural products at the border and cultural products in order to:
THE RAM’S HORN PAGE 3
- Create a regulatory environment that benefits from the 1. Revising the Plant Breeders’ Rights Act (PBR Act) to
latest scientific research by allowing international reviews, support Canada’s agriculture industry accessing the latest
data and analysis to be considered along with information international plant varieties will:
from ongoing Canadian studies - Level the playing field for Canadian farmers on the
- Support a more effective approvals process so that global stage
Canadian farmers can benefit from the latest scientific - Allow Canadian farmers to access varieties that are in
research from around the world global demand
- Reduce administrative burden and red tape - Stimulate productivity for the sector, which benefits
farmers and grows Canada’s economy
Modernizing and strengthening - Provide Canada’s plant breeding industry with a
more stable, modern intellectual property environ-
The proposed amendments to the Feeds Act, Ferti- ment that is in line with international partners
lizers Act, Health of Animals Act, Seeds Act and Plant
Protection Act will reduce red tape and improve how 2. Amending the Feeds Act and Fertilizers Act to allow for
Government carries out its business with the Canadian licensing and registration of fertilizer and animal feed
agriculture industry. Some examples include: operators and facilities that import or sell products across
1. Modernizing business processes to: provincial or international borders in order to:
- Enable more efficient and effective processes across - Align Canadian legislation with that of key international
all agricultural commodities trading partners
- Increase consistency across the suite of CFIA agricul- - Help our feed and fertilizer industries maintain their
tural statutes export markets
- Provide a more effective and timely approach to
2. Strengthening inspector authorities to: assuring products meet Canada’s stringent safety and
- Provide the CFIA with stronger tools to fulfill its man- other standards”
date to protect Canada’s plant and animal resource base
- Allow CFIA to order non-compliant agricultural prod- “If the Act receives Royal Assent, some of the changes
ucts immediately out of Canada, which will also reassure would come into force almost immediately, while others
our farmers and consumers that imported agricultural would be phased in or require regulatory amendments.
products meet CFIA requirements
Before any changes are implemented, the gov-
Enhancing global market opportunities ernment is committed to full consultations to deter-
mine how best to move forward.”
The proposed amendments will enhance trade and
grow Canada’s economy. Some examples include:
PUBLIC
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SITY
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FAR
zero-tolerance policy for GM. “What is scaring us is the to get older and more powerful herbicides licensed for
sheer projections of numbers of new events (GM traits) use on GE crops such as their Genuity Roundup Ready
that are going to be commercialized over the next five 2 Xtend soybeans, tolerant to both glyphosate and
years.” dicamba, while Dow AgroSciences is working to get 2,4-
D tolerant soybeans licensed. – WP, 28/11/13
The International Grain Trade Coalition was
formed in 2001 “to advise governments on implementa-
tion of the Biosafety Protocol to protect global diversity
while meeting the needs of the world’s food, feed and
Fertilizer Fibs
processing industries” In 2002 its mandate was broad- Farmers have been over-using potash (potassium) as a
ened “to include advice to governments on the commer- result of poor soil testing. Current soil testing practices
cial requirements and economics of the world’s food, miss potassium because it tests only the fraction of
feed and processing industries”. potassium that is called ‘exchangeable’. The assump-
tion that this is the fraction that feeds the plant is
The IGTC scope was refined in 2006 “to focus simply not valid, say soil scientists. There are other
existence on the goal of avoiding disruptions in the forms of potassium that do feed the plants.
international trade of grain, oilseeds, pulses and de- – WP, 28/11/13
rived products”.
In response to falling prices and reduced demand
“Low Level Presence work of the Global Adventi- for its fertilizer, Potash Corporation of Saskatchewan is
tious Presence Coalition (GAPC) is a current priority.” laying off 1,000 of its global workforce and shutting
– igtcglobal.com/files/news down mines in New Brunswick, Saskatchewan and
Florida. One does have to wonder, however, if the
Farm journalist Barry Wilson, who should know potash producers were not behind the use of inadequate
better, refers to the adventitious presence of GE grains and misleading soil testing as a means to artificially
in food imports, referring to Europe, as “inadvertent”. boost sales of their product.
(WP, 28/11/13) However, there is nothing inadvertent
about Monsanto’s deliberate strategy of contaminating
all foods with GE so as to gain the upper hand once and
for all – by simply eliminating any alternative. This is It’s the Bees’ Knees
the essential reason for Monsanto’s aggressive push,
Bee pollination improves crop quality, shelf life and
along with Syngenta and Dow and BASF, to advance
commercial value (abstract)
the spread of genetically engineered foods world-wide.
“Pollination improves the yield of most crop spe-
cies and contributes to one-third of global crop
The treadmill continues production. In this study, exclusion experiments
with strawberries showed bee pollination to im-
Agriculture Canada researchers in prove fruit quality, quantity and market value
Saskatoon have developed hairy compared with wind and self-pollination. Bee-
canola plants that repel flea beetles pollinated fruits were heavier, had less malfor-
and have already field-tested GM mations and reached higher commercial
germplasm available for plant grades. They had increased redness and re-
breeders to use in developing com- duced sugar–acid–ratios and were firmer, thus
mercial varieties of hairy canola. This improving the commercially important shelf life.
trait might not be commercialized, however, because Longer shelf life reduced fruit loss by at least 11%. This
the seed industry is primarily interested in “block- is accounting for $0.32 billion of the $1.44 billion pro-
buster GM traits,” according to Pat Flaten, research vided by bee pollination to the total value of $2.90 billion
manager with SaskCanola, who thinks commercializa- made with strawberry selling in the European Union in
tion of a GM trait requires $40 to $100 million. Stephen 2009. The fruit quality and yield effects are driven by
Yarrow of CropLife Canada thinks those estimates are the pollination-mediated production of hormonal growth
low. “I’ve heard numbers up to $150 million and up to 13 regulators, which occur in several pollination-depend-
years to get a trait through the system. – WP, 28/11/13 ent crops. Thus, our comprehensive findings should be
transferable to a wide range of crops and demonstrate
Meanwhile, Monsanto and Dow are working to get bee pollination to be a hitherto underestimated but vital
new lines of soybeans licensed to deal with the rapidly and economically important determinant of fruit qual-
growing herbicide tolerance of weeds that Roundup ity.” – Proceedings of the Royal Society, UK
(glyphosate) used to control. Monsanto is working hard
THE RAM’S HORN PAGE 6
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