SEKOLAH MENENGAH KEBANGSAAN SEAFIELD, SUBANG JAYA

Upper Six Time: 2 ½ hours

Trial Examination
2010

CHEMISTRY – Paper 2

Prepared by: Checked by:

Verified by:
………………………..
(Pn. Looi Chui Yean) …………………………
(Pn. Poh Bee Lee) ……………………..
(Pn. Viani Aba)

Circle the questions you have

answered in this table.

Instructions to candidates: For examiner’s use

Answer all the questions in Section A. Write your answers 1

in the spaces provided.
2
Answer any four questions from Section B. For this
section, write your answers on the answer sheets provided. 3
Begin each answer on a fresh sheet of paper and arrange your
4
answers in numerical order. Tie your answer sheets to this
booklet.
5
All working should be shown. For numerical answers, units 6
should be quoted wherever they are appropriate
7
Answers may be written in either English or Bahasa
Malaysia. 8

A Data Booklet is provided. 9

10

Total
 2

Section A [40 marks]

Answer all the questions in this section.

1. (a) The diagram below represents the energy levels of the orbitals in atoms of the second period,
lithium to neon.

(i) Label the energy levels to indicate the quantum number and the type of orbital at each energy
level.
energy

[1 mark]
nucleus

(ii) In the space below, sketch and label the two types of orbital.

[2 marks]

(iii) Complete the electron configurations of nitrogen and oxygen on the energy level diagrams
below, using arrows to represent electrons.

energy energy

nitrogen oxygen [2 marks]

(iv) Explain, with reference to your answer to (iii), the relative values of the first ionisation
energies of nitrogen and oxygen. The values are given in the Data Booklet and should be
quoted in your answer.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[2 marks]
(b) State the formulae of the negatively charged ions formed by these elements in simple binary
compounds (nitrides and oxides)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]
(c) Draw the Lewis structure for the nitrate ion. Draw the bond diagram and state the shape of the ion.

[2 marks]
 3

2. (a) Write an expression for Kw.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]
-3
(b) Use your expression to help you calculate the pH of 0.200 mol dm NaOH (aq).

[2 marks]
(c) The pH of 0.200 mol dm-3 NH3(aq) is 11.3. Explain why this answer differs from your answer
in (b).

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]
3 -3 -3
(d) A 20.0 cm sample of 0.200 mol dm NH3(aq) was titrated with 0.100 mol dm HCl. On the
following axes, sketch how the pH changes during this titration. Mark clearly where the end
point occurs.

14

pH

| | | | | | [3 marks]

0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Volume of added acid / cm3

(e) From the following list of indicators, put a tick in the box by the side of the indicator you
consider most suitable for this titration.

Indicator pH at which colour changes Place a tick only in this column

Methyl violet 0.0 – 1.6
Methyl orange 3.1 – 4.4
Bromothymol blue 6.0 – 7.6
Phenolphthalein 8.3 – 10.0
[1 mark]
(f) A solution containing NH3(aq) and NH4Cl(aq) acts as a buffer solution, resisting changes in pH
when acids or alkalis are added.
Explain with the help of equations how this mixture acts as a buffer.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
 4

[2 marks]

3. (a) Aluminum is extracted by electrolysis of purified aluminium oxide found in the minera,l bauxite.

(i) Why does the extraction of aluminium from purified aluminium oxide require a high
temperature?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]
(ii) Cryolite is used to lower the melting point of aluminium oxide during the extraction of
aluminium. Write the chemical formula of cryolite.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]
(iii) At which electrode is aluminium produced during the extraction? Write the half-equation to
show the reaction at this electrode.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]
(b) Aluminium fluoride and aluminium chloride each sublime when heated. The former has a
sublimation point of 1270 oC whereas the latter has a sublimation point of 178 oC .

(i) What do these two figures suggest about the nature of the bonding in these two compounds?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]
(ii) Suggest reasons for any differences you suggest in their bonding.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[2 marks]
(c) A 0.500 g sample of aluminium chloride was heated to 200 oC at a pressure of 1.00 x 105 Pa.. The
volume of its vapour was found to be 73.6 cm3.

(i) Calculate the relative molecular mass, Mr, of the vapour at this temperature.

[3 marks]
(ii) Draw a displayed formula to show the type of bonding in the molecules of the vapour.
 5

[1 mark]
4. (a) The structural formula of an organic compound is as follows:

HO CH2CHCH3

OH
Draw the structural formula of the organic product(s) formed when the compound reacts with each of
the following reagents:

(i) Sodium metal

[1 mark]
(ii) An aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide

[1 mark]

(ii) An alkaline iodine solution

[1 mark]

(iv) A hot acidic potassium manganate(VII) solution

[1 mark]

(b) Write the equations for all the reactions involved in the preparation of the following carbonyl
compounds.

(i) CH3CH2CHO, starting from CH3CH2CH2Br

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[3marks]
(ii) CH3COCH3, starting from (CH3)2CHC(OH)(CH3)2

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[3marks]
 6

Section B [ 60 marks]

Answer any four questions in this section.

5. (a) The equation for the decomposition of N2O5 is given below :

N2O5(g)  2NO2(g) + ½O2(g)
The above reaction is of first order and the half-life is 2.7 x 103 s.
(i) Write the rate equation for the above reaction.
(ii) Calculate the rate constant.
(iii) Calculate the rate of reaction when the concentration of N2O5 is 3.1 x 10-2 mol dm-3.
(iv) If the reaction involves the formation of free radical. Suggest a mechanism for the
decomposition. Explain your answer.
[7 marks]
(b) Data for the decomposition of HI(g) to H2(g) is given in the table below.

Enthalpy of decomposition Activation energy Catalyst

/ kJ mol-1 / kJ mol-1
164.0 Without catalyst
59.0 Platinum powder
53.0
(i) What is meant by activation energy?
(ii) Explain the role of platinum in the above decomposition.
(iii) Base on the above data, sketch an energy level diagram for the decomposition of HI(g).

[8 marks]

6. (a) Describe the reactions, if any, that occur when separate samples of sodium and phosphorus are
(i) added to water,
(ii) burned in air, and water is added to the resulting oxide.
Write equations where appropriate and suggest the pH of any aqueous solution formed.
[9 marks]
(b) Sodium peroxide, Na2O2, is used in submarines for absorbing atmospheric carbon dioxide and
regenerating oxygen. The reaction produces sodium carbonate as a by-product.
(i) Write a balanced equation for this reaction.
(ii) Calculate the mass of sodium peroxide needed per day to absorb the carbon dioxide
produced by a crew of eight submariners, each of whom exhales 600 dm3 of CO2 per day.

[6 marks]
 7

7. (a) Methanol and ethanol are completely miscible to form a solution that obeys Raoult’s Law.
3.94 mol methanol and 2.22 mol ethanol are mixed to form a solution. The vapour pressure of pure
methanol and pure ethanol are 54.1 kPa and 29.6 kPa respectively at 323K. Calculate the vapour
pressure of the solution formed at the above temperature.
[4 marks]
(b) Sketch and label the vapour pressure – composition curve for a solution of two completely
miscible liquids that obeys Raoult’s Law.
Explain why the above solution shows such behaviours.
[4 marks]
(c) The boiling point of pure methanol is 66 oC. Methanol dissolves in water to form an ideal solution.
With a suitable labelled diagram, explain what would happen when an ideal solution of 30 %
methanol in water undergoes fractional distillation.
[7 marks]

8. By using the standard reduction potential values from the Data Booklet, predict whether the pair of
reagents given below will react when mixed together.
(a) (i) FeCl3(aq) and KI(aq)
(ii) Ag(s) and Fe(NO3)3(aq)
Write a balanced ionic equation for the reaction you predict will happen.
[6 marks]

(b) To replace the silver metal that has peeled off from a silver trophy, 0.60 g of silver metal need to
be electroplated on it. Calculate the time required if a current of 0.25 A is allowed to flow through
the electrolytic cell in order to accomplish this task.
[Relative atomic mass Ag, 108; Faraday constant, 96500 C mol-1]
[3 marks]

(c) (i) Draw a Born-Haber energy cycle for the formation of CaF2 from its elements.
[4 marks]

(ii) Using the above energy cycle and together with the data given below, calculate the
lattice energy of CaF2(s).
Enthalpy of atomisation of Ca = + 178 kJ mol-1
First ionization energy of Ca = + 590 kJ mol-1
Second ionization energy of Ca = + 1150 kJ mol-1
Enthalpy of atomisation of F = + 158 kJ mol-1
Electron affinity of F = - 328 kJ mol-1
Enthalpy of formation of CaF2 = - 1220 kJ mol-1
[2 marks]
 8

9. (a) The compound 1,4-diaminobutane, Z, can be synthesized by the following route

I II
HOOCCH2CH2COOH ClCOCH2CH2COCl C4H8N2O2
W X Y
III

H2NCH2CH2CH2CH2NH2
Z

(i) Suggest reagents for step I and II

[2 marks]
(ii) Name the functional group present in Y and draw the structural formula of Y.
[2 marks]
(iii) What type of reaction occurs in step III?
[1 mark]
(iv) Z can react with X to form a polymer.
Name the type of polymerisation taking place and draw the structural formula of one
repeating unit of the polymer formed.
[2 marks]

(b) An organic compound, A , has the following composition by mass :

C, 40.0% H, 6.7% O, 53.3%

(i) Determine the empirical formula of A.

[2 marks]
(ii) A shows the following properties.
- it is optically active
- it gives a brisk effervescene with sodium carbonate
- it gives a yellow precipitate when warmed with alkaline aqueous iodine
What can be deduced from the above set of properties?
[3 marks]
(iii) What is the molecular formula of A, draw its structural formula and give its name
[3 marks]
 9

10. A hydrocarbon with the empirical formula of C7H6 has a relative molecular mass of 180.
(a) Determine the molecular formula of the hydrocarbon. [2 marks]
(b) The hydrocarbon has two structural isomers W and X that contain two benzene rings
respectively. W exhibits geometrical isomerism but X does not. In their reaction with HBr,
W forms Y that is optically active, while X forms Z that is optically non-active.
(i) Draw the geometrical isomers of W.
(ii) Draw the structural formulae of X, Y and Z.
(iii) Draw the structural formulae for the enantiomers of Y.
[7 marks]

(c) 2-Oxopropanal, A, is one of a number of compounds responsible for the characteristic smell of
burnt sugar.
H–C=O
|
CH3 – C= O

Describe what you might observe when this compound

(i) is warmed gently with Fehling’s solution,
(ii) is heated gently with acidified potassium dichromate(VII),
(iii) is added to alkaline aqueous iodine and warmed.
In each case, write equations to show the formation of the organic products
[6 marks]