Tugas 3

Resume Ashby Material Selection

Chapter 1 – Chapter 5

Chapter 1 Introduction
‘Design’ is one of those words that means all things to all people. Every manufactured thing, from
the most lyrical of ladies’ hats to the greasiest of gearboxes, qualifies, in some sense or other, as a
design. It can mean yet more.
Material in human being was also evolve. The picture below shows the Evolution of engineering
material
The evolution of engineering materials with time. ‘Relative Importance’ in the stone and
bronze.

Chapter 2 The Design Process

Design is an iterative process. The starting point is a market need captured in a need
statement. A concept for a product which meets that need is devised. If initial estimates and
exploration of alternatives suggest that the concept is viable, the design proceeds to the
embodiment stage: workingvprinciples are selected, size and layout are decided, and initial
estimates of performance and cost arevmade. If the outcome is successful, the designer proceeds
to the detailed design stage: optimization of performance, full analysis (using computer methods
if necessary) of critical components, preparation of detailed production drawings, specification of
tolerance, precision, joining methods, finishing and so forth.
 The picture above shows the design flow chart, showing how design tools and materials
selection enter the procedure. Information about materials is needed at each stage, but at very
different levels of breadth and precision.

Chapter 3 Engineering materials and their properties

Metals have relatively high moduli. They can be made strong by alloying and by mechanical and
heat treatment, but they remain ductile, allowing them to be formed by deformation processes.
Composites combine the attractive properties of the other classes of materials while avoiding some
of their drawbacks. They are light, stiff and strong, and they can be tough. Most of the composites
at present available to the engineer have a polymer matrix - epoxy or polyester, usually - reinforced
by fibres of glass, carbon or Kevlar. They cannot be used above 250°C because the polymer matrix
softens, but at room temperature their performance can be outstanding.

Chapter 4 Materials Selection Charts

The engineering properties of materials are usefully displayed as material selection charts.
The charts summarize the information in a compact, easily accessible way; and they show the
The charts have numerous applications. One is the checking and validation of data here use
is made both of the range covered by the envelope of material properties, and of the numerous
relations between material properties (like EL2 = 100 kT,), described in Section 4.3. Another
concerns the development of, and identification of uses for, new materials; materials which fill
gaps in one or more of the charts generally offer some improved design potential. But most
important of all, the charts for

Chapter 5 Material Selection – the basics

This chapter sets out the basic procedure for selection, establishing the link between material and
function (Figure 5.1). A material has attributes: its density, strength, cost, resistance to corrosion,
and so forth. A design demands a certain profile of these: a low density, a high strength, a modest
cost and resistance to sea water, perhaps.

Material selection is determined by function. Shape sometimes influences the selection. This
chapter and the next deal with materials selection when this is independent of shape.

Material also have the taxonomy of the kingdom just like the animal and plant kingdom, it
used to make it easier to engineer.