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INTRODUCTION OF TRANSPORTTAION
INDUSTRY

Transportation is a means of moving people or goods from one place to another.

The modern commercial transport serves the public interest and includes all the
means and facilities involved in the movement of persons or property, and
reception services, shipping and handling of such goods. The commercial transport
of persons classified as passenger and the goods and service goods. As elsewhere
in the world, transport is in Latin America and has been central to the progress or
backwardness of different civilizations and cultures.

Transportation is the most visible of all functions of service and high contributor
to cost. We can see trucks, containers and wagonloads of material being moved
from place to place as an activity directly associated with trade and business. We
should also appreciate that this is an activity that adds highest amount of cost to the
activity of making inputs and outputs available to consumers. Transportation
function moves the products to meet customer expectations at minimum cost.
Transportation is one of the most visible elements of operations. Transportation
provides 2 major functions: product movement & product storage.
Transport Infrastructure
Transportation infrastructure consists of the rights-of-ways, vehicles, and carrier
organizations that offer transportation services on a for-hire or internal basis. The
nature of the infrastructure also determines a variety of legal and economic
characteristics for each mode or multimodal system. A mode identifies the basic
transportation method or form.

RAIL NETWORK

Since olden times, railroads have handled the largest number of ton-miles. As a
result of the early establishment of a comprehensive rail network connecting
almost all the cities and towns, railways dominated the intercity freight tonnage till
World War II and in some cases of Europe, Asia and Africa they even connected
the countries. This early superiority enabled railways to transport large shipments
very economically.

MOTOR CARRIERS

Highway transportation has increased rapidly since the end of World War II. This
is because Motor carrier industry results from door-to-door operating flexibility
and speed of intercity movement. They are even flexible because they can operate
on each and every kind of roadways. In comparison to railroads, motor carriers
have relatively small fixed investments in terminal facilities and operate on
publicly maintained highways. Although the cost of license fees, user fees, and
tolls are considerable, these expenses are directly related to the number of over-
the-road units and miles operated. The variable cost per mile for motor carriers is
high because a separate power unit and driver are required for each trailer or
combination of tandem trailers.
WATER TRANSPORT

It is the oldest mode of transportation. First it was the sailing vessels, which was
replaced by steamboats in early 1800’s and by diesel power in the 1920’s.
Domestic water transportation – involves the Great Lakes, canals, and navigable
rivers. In every country, fewer system miles exist for inland water than any other
transportation mode.

The main advantage of water transportation is the capacity to move extremely

large shipments. Water transport employs 2 types of vessels. Deep-water vessels,
which are generally designed for Ocean and Great Lakes use, & are restricted to
deep-water ports for access. In contrast, diesel-towed barges, which generally
operate on rivers and canals, have considerably more flexibility. Water transport
ranks between rail and motor carrier in the fixed cost aspect. Although water
carriers must develop and operate their own terminals, the right-of-way is
developed and maintained by the government and results in moderate fixed costs
as compared to railways and highways.

The main disadvantage of water transport is the limited range of operation and
speed. Unless the origin and destination are adjacent, supplement haul by rail or
truck is required. The capability to carry very high cargo at an extremely low
variable cost places this mode of transport in demand when low freight rates are
desired and speed of transit is a secondary consideration.
AIR TRANSPORT

Air transport is the newest and the least utilized mode of transport. Its major
advantage being its speed, which is accompanied by high costs. A coast-to-coast
shipment via air requires only a few hours contrast to days taken by other mean of
transportation. The high cost of transport can be traded off for high speed, which
allows other elements of logistical design, such as warehousing, inventory to be
reduced or eliminated. But still air transport remains more of a potential
opportunity than a reality because it is very much underutilized.

The high cost of jet aircraft, coupled with erratic nature of freight demand, has
limited the assignment of dedicated planes to all-freight operations. However
premium carriers provide planes dedicated for freight operations. This premium
service started off with documents and has moved onto large parcels, which is an
ideal service for firms with a large number of high-value products and time-
sensitive service requirements.
History of transportation
Already in the pre-Columbian Inca period had a crude but efficient system of
interconnected roads throughout his empire, by which different types of goods
moved. On foot or on the back of flames, managed to get their goods to their
destination. Sometimes through rope bridges through the mountains. Other people
used canoes or boats as a means of communication.

Different means of transport

It is generally used 4 modes of transportation:

Water

Road

Rail

Air.

Water Transport

History

The arrival of Europeans, Spanish and Portuguese, along most of America

produced major changes in transportation. The main mode of communication was
by sea, as it was more efficient and faster for natural harbors, and for places that
were built in the ports, both sea and rivers of America.
Types of Water Transport

Canals

Environment created for easy water transport. The opening of this waterway was
created to a considerable reduction in travel time in freight by sea worldwide.

In Latin America, the Amazon and Parana rivers are important waterways for
navigation, but undoubtedly the most important cannal is the Panama Canal. This
links the Atlantic to the Pacific across the Isthmus of Panama.
The early development of water transport was stimulated by the tendency of people
to concentrate on the coast or waterways. The ancient Romans used to sail boats
equipped with several banks of oars to transport their armies to Carthage and other
theaters of operations. Shipbuilding and rigging and sail handling was improved
over time. With these changes, together with the adoption of the mariner's
compass, made possible the open sea navigation without sight of land.

As was true during the ancient age in the Mediterranean and other world regions,
the fact that colonial settlements in America were usually established on the coasts,
rivers or lakes, was a cause and consequence of which the first transport routes in
the colonies were natural waterways, and more efficient modes of travel be made
by boat.

The first ship was undoubtedly a floating log which would lead to feet and hands.
After joining several trunks thought they could build ties with a firm platform or
raft (as he called them).

In Egypt were built with bundles of reed rafts, in other places hollowed logs for
canoes or kayaks.
Top Boats

Around 1200 years BC, the Phoenicians were early seafarers used cedar wood to
build boats large and strong to venture beyond their marine boundaries.

The Vikings, built on a solid wooden structure that resembled our spine. The
Vikings were tall, strong and sturdy, this allowed wielding oars and hoisted huge
square sails, came from the northeastern coast of Europe and were responsible for
assaulting coastlines across Europe.

Steamboats

During the nineteenth century saw dramatic progress through technology product
of steam power. The Clermont, the first efficient steamboat, was built by the
American inventor Robert Fulton. She made her maiden voyage in 1807 by the
Hudson River from New York City to Albania, which made the distance traveled
round trip of nearly 483 km in 62 hours.

The first ship to use steam power in a transatlantic crossing was the American ship
Savannah in 1819, though the candles were used during part of the 29-day trip. By
1840, while a steamer could make six trips between America and Europe at the
same time a sailboat could do only three.

During the 1870s they reached the coast of Rio de la Plata, the French ship Le
Frigidaire, including some refrigerators. This produced a breakthrough in the
production mode of the meat sector, which should no longer be salted for export.
Other perishables were benefited with refrigeration.
Modern craft
The diesel engine has made for a more modern ships economy that has largely
replaced the steam engines. The use of nuclear energy in vessels is currently
limited to military vessels. Other developments in modern navigation are the
hovercraft, boat going on a cushion of air a few inches of water or the ground,
equipped with reactors or wings like those of a plane or studs that at a certain
speed, lift the hull of the water to reach higher speeds.

Yates

Among the latest developments of man in water transport, we find the small boats
yachts that are intended for use by a small group of people, are equipped with the
latest technological advances and can sail at sea.

Motor Skiing

Another important invention is the ski bike, which is the result of the quest for
human beings to create devices for fun, is also used as a means to rescue people
with a water accident as they are quick and increasingly a little larger ( for these
uses).
Land Transport

History

In the twentieth century training and installation of large corporations,

manufacturers have given great impetus to the production of both vehicles for
private use to public transport and goods, and exports to third countries. With
economic growth of recent years is expected to reach Brazil and Argentina soon
levels of use of vehicles at the same level as developed countries.

types of land transport

Road

In the thirteen original American colonies, which extended westward to the

Mississippi River, the main mode of land transportation was by train of pack
animals and horses on the trails of Native Americans.

By 1800 it became dirt roads to remove the weeds and trees of the trails. Many of
these roads, however, became almost impassable during periods of bad weather. In
1820, the improvement of roads called turnpikes (motorways), in which private
companies charged a toll for having built, connecting all major cities to surpass all
other roads.

Ground transportation developed more slowly. For centuries the traditional means
of transport, restricted to riding on animals, carts and sleighs pulled by animals,
rarely exceeded an average of 16 km / h. Land transport has improved slightly until
1820, when the British engineer George Stephenson adapted a steam engine to a
locomotive and started, between Stockton and Darlington in England, the first
steam railway.
It was in the twentieth century when most developed road network in Spain.
Successive governments have invested heavily to get a basic high-capacity roads
(motorways and expressways) that allow the displacement of large numbers of
people and goods through the Spanish territory of motorization levels close to the
major industrialized countries.

In Latin America, the horse, mule and wheeled transport were introduced by
Spanish and Portuguese. They often took advantage of the routes constructed by
the Indians.

Already in the eighteenth century there were existing roads linking the Argentine
cities of Tucumán and Buenos Aires, Mexico City and Guadalajara with its
neighbors Jalapa, and the Andes (Peru) and Paita. Also in Brazil coastal highways
were built.

Nevertheless, today many Latin American countries have road systems more or
less acceptable, with Argentina, Brazil and Mexico, the countries with the highest
number of kilometers of roads improved and paved. In 1928, it was agreed
between the countries of the sector to build a Pan-American highway that would
unite the entire continent from Alaska to Tierra del Fuego. In 1940 62% of the
tranche for Central America was paved and 87% of South America.

The drag and the wheel

The transport started when our ancestors came down from the trees and begin their
nomadic life.

The man forced the man to move to ensure their food, with this, how to ship home
anything about their food as the man himself is weak and animal transport.
The wheel, important invention that man invented 5.500 years ago and this
initiated a change in the mode of transport and transfer of achievement so forth
their food faster and easier.

Animals for transportation

Because the man did not have enough strength to lift and carry food or utensils for
themselves was the need to domesticate animals.

The dog was the first domestic animal to man, then use larger animals and
extremely strong to carry heavy things with the same man. And how well that
ideology only carry things, if not the man who also use as food, and feeding on
what occurred or killing animals for meat and take skin and for different uses.

Initial proceedings

With the coming of the trade, man was given to the need to establish trade routes
and also to create the first steps pulled by horses to be transported from one place
to another to the same people and their belongings or goods.
.

Bike

Man saw the need for man transported individually and in 1818 invented
Draisienne history of the bicycle. Two-wheeled vehicle, placed one in front of
another, with a seat, handlebars and pedals to drive to propel it. Also find the
unicycle and the motorcycle.

Motorcycle

Vehicle with 2, 3 and 4 wheel, self-propelled, no way and sometimes it can be used
by 2 persons and are now reaching a speed of 100 km / hour.
The car

Man looking for ways to invent a device that transports you quickly and easily
without the need to use animals.

In 1882, with the discovery of oil, discovered that using Gottlielo Damler oil,
could drive a faster piston gradually more inventions arose with the application of
oil and fine steel was cheaper than the one they use in production Henry Ford, thus
created the car.

The wars have developed new kinds of automobiles such as tanks and buses.

After varieties of cars came and today the auto industry is one of the great and
important in the world, were considered a luxury and now can be seen today
having a car is not a luxury, if not that is a need.

Urban transport

Already at present there are too many people, the authorities saw the need for
urban transport to the high number of inhabitants and also the necessity in which
they are forced to travel long distances. Either a bus or a combination.
Railways

By 1830, shortly after the rail line began service Stephenson in England, the
United States had 1767 km of steam railways. In 1839, the route had increased to
8,000 km and from 1850 to 1910 the growth of the railroad was spectacular.
Railroad construction stimulated much of the settlement and development of the
West. The first railroad in America was established in 1827, but the real
development began on July 4, 1828, with the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad.

The introduction of the railway in Spain was relatively quick. Was stimulated in
part by the lack of inland waterways, unlike other surrounding countries. The first
railway was opened in 1848 between the cities of Barcelona. By 1870 already had
a network that was the third in Europe in area, after France and England. However,
the decision in 1844 to provide a gauge of the Spanish railway network different
from the isolated European continent to Spain from the rest of the continent by this
mode of transport.

After a century of private operation of rail in 1941 establishing the Network of

Spanish Railways (RENFE), a state of nature to exploit much of the railway line.
In recent decades, improved road infrastructure and increasing motorization of
families and businesses have led to a sharp decrease in the number of passengers
and goods transported by train. However, the introduction of high speed services in
recent years have led to considerable recovery of passengers on journeys in the
network too.
After 1850 this mode of transport started its expansion in Latin America. The
railway network, financed by French capital, English or American, while
benefiting freight and passengers generally designed to respond to business needs
of their owners and countries of origin and not addressing the needs of Latin
American countries. In Argentina, the railroads had their terminals in the port
cities: Buenos Aires and Bahia Blanca, on the coast, and Rosario on the Parana
River. The same happened in the Uruguayan city of Montevideo. In Brazil, the
railway network spread across the plateau of São Paulo, since there was
concentrated the production of precious coffee. The Mexican case is paradoxical,
since the same railway used to transport finished products to be, at the beginning of
the century, the fundamental basis for the transportation of revolution.

It was around 1945 when the railways began to be deficient, giving way to road
transport, both passenger-and freight-all. In this way, and it is not beneficial to
their owners, most of the Latin American rail system was nationalized, often under
false nationalist discourse.

The Metro

It has been an effective means of transport in big cities since it consumes electrical
energy, is set below ground and the maintenance cost is low and does not pollute.

The bullet train

We can observe the evolution of the railroad that has been refined and is more
common in Japan.
dhl
introduction to dhl

DHL is the global leader in logistics - with more highly experienced professionals
at more locations in more countries than any other provider. His goal is to build
strong, long-term partnerships with customers by providing world class services,
across all our operations. In India, they have formed a new joint venture - DHL
Lemuir Logistics, which consolidates their position as the leader in International
Freight Forwarding, Supply Chain Management, Project Transport and Customs
Brokerage. They are the first choice for companies looking for end to end logistics
solutions and high quality servicing capabilities. After joining forces with Excel in
2005, they are now also the sector's leading innovator - providing the extraordinary
range of cutting-edge solutions.
His logistics customers include over 75% of the worlds largest quoted non-
financial enterprises. These organizations trust us with their brands and reputations
not simply because they are the worldwide market leader, but because they strive
to deliver globally consistent services of the highest quality,
History and background of DHL

DHL are the first letters of the last names of the three company founders,
Adrian Dalsey, Larry Hillblom and Robert Lynn.

In 1969, just months after the world had marveled at Neil Armstrong's first steps
on the moon, the three partners took another small step that would have a profound
impact on the way the world does business.

The founders began to personally ship papers by airplane from San Francisco to
Honolulu, beginning customs clearance of the ship's cargo before the actual arrival
of the ship and dramatically reducing waiting time in the harbour. Customers stood
to save a fortune. With this concept, a new industry was born: international air
express, the rapid delivery of documents and shipments by airplane.

The DHL Network continued to grow at an incredible pace. The company

expanded westward from Hawaii into the Far East and Pacific Rim, then the
Middle East, Africa and Europe. By 1988, DHL was already present in 170
countries and had 16,000 employees.

At the beginning of 2002, Deutsche Post World Net became the major shareholder
in DHL. By the end of 2002, DHL was 100% owned by Deutsche Post World Net.
In 2003, Deutsche Post World Net consolidated all of its express and logistics
activities into one single brand, DHL
The world's largest express and logistics Network

DHL is a global expertise in express, air and ocean freight, overland transport and
logistics solutions; DHL combines worldwide coverage with an in-depth
understanding of local markets.

Below are the global facts and figures that show you the scale of the world's largest
express and logistics network.

   
DHL Express worldwide  
more than
Employees 124,000
Countries and territories more than 220
Hubs 36
Bases 4700
Vehicles 72,000
Aircraft 350
Pack stations (only Germany) 900
   
DHL Logistics in figures  
DHL logistics worldwide  
Employees * more than 162,500
DHL Global Forwarding  
Countries and territories 150
Terminals, warehouses, offices 813
Air freight volume 4,409,000 tones
Ocean freight volume TEU ** 2,764,000
DHL Excel Supply Chain  
Countries and territories 59
Centers, warehouses, terminals 2500
Storage area sqm 23,000,000
DHL Freight  
Countries and territories more than 30
Full truckload movements p.a. 2,000,000
Terminals more than 160
DHL INDIA CORPORATE PROFILE

DHL Worldwide Express (India) Pvt Ltd is the No.1 international air express
services provider in India, a position it has held since it began its India operations
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has over 50,000 customers serviced through DHL's national network with its 1,000
strong ground staff, fleet of 400 vehicles and dedicated service centers in
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services in India via email, via SMS or via the Internet and WAP phones.
Facilities:

DHL India has an outstanding reputation in the market for providing a reliable, fast
and easy-to-use service. DHL offers-

Highly trained and professional staff, committed to being responsive to all

customers’ needs

Customer Service Agents, available round-the-clock, 365 days of the year, to serve
customers whenever and wherever they need them

Electronic pre-clearance of shipments through Customs

Five international gateways providing direct-to-air networks and faster sorting of

inbound and outbound shipments

DHL India is a proven facilitator of trade, across the globe. His strength lies in our
global network and the know-how of our people. Backed by strategic alliances
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