VECTORS AND MATRICES

Which of the following is a vector and which one is a matrix

Definitions
Vectors and matrices: set of elements (array).

Matrix: two dimensional array.

Vector: one dimensional array.

Aren't they all matrices??

Creating vectors and matrices

Creating vectors and basic commands to deal with them

%Example - Write the following:

 
%%Row vector
row=[5 88 3 11] %Mind the spaces in between the values.
 

row=[5,88,3,11]% The spaces are replaced by comas

Each element has an assigned index:

If you want to refer to the element with the index No. 2

row(2)

Creating a subvector
 sub1=row(2:4) %Sequential indexes

sub2=row([1 3 4]) %Non sequential indexes

Changing one value of a vector

 
sub1(2)=16

Expanding the vector

sub1(4)=22

sub1(6)=33 % It will fill the empty indexes with 0.

Creating a column vector

col=[11;22;33;44] % you need the semicolon

Vector of equally spaced elements

vec=1:5 % You can use the colon operator (:)

vec_step=1:2:10 %step=distance between the values.

vec_bigstep=1:3:5 %it will stop before the upper limit.

Decreasing vector

vec_dec=10:-2:1

%What happens if you write the following:

vec_dec=1:-2:10 %Empty vector, the lower limit is first.

Creating a column vector from a row vector: transpose

rowtrans = row'
Creating matrices and basic commands to deal with them

mat=[1 2 3;4 5 6] %the rows can be divided in semicolons.

Can you have different rows with different number of elements?

mat=[1 2 3
4 5 6] %The rows can be divided in lines.

Using the colon operator to create the rows

mat=[1:3;4:6]

Refering to the elements in a matrix (I need your help!)

mat(2,1) % Element in the row No. 2 and column 1.

mat(1:2,2:3) %Refering to a section of a matrix

mat(1,:) % Referng only to the first row

mat(:,3) %Refering only to the third column

Remember: Matlab counts from up to bottom and from left to right.

mat(1) %it will refer to the element of the first row, first column

mat(5) %it will refer to the element in the first row, column tree.

Redefining variables or elements in a matrix (I need your help!)

mat(2,2)=20 %it will change the element in (2,2)

mat(2,:)=[20 30 40] %it will change only the second row

Expanding the matrix

mat(4,:)=[20 30 40] % Adds the row No. 4 and fills the 3rd with zeros.
 mat =
1 20 3
20 30 40
0 0 0
20 30 40

mat(:,5)= [20 30 40 50]' %Adds the row No. 4 and fills the 3rd with zeros.

mat =
1 20 3 0 20
20 30 40 0 30
0 0 0 0 40
20 30 40 0 50

Erasing rows and columns

mat(:,5)=[] % Eliminates column 5

mat =
1 20 3 0
20 30 40 0
0 0 0 0
20 30 40 0

mat([3,4],:)=[] %Eliminates rows 3 and 4

mat =
1 20 3 0
20 30 40 0

Calculations with matrices

%Create the following matrices

A=[1 2 3; 4 5 6; 7 8 9]

A =
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9

B=A'

B =
1 4 7
2 5 8
3 6 9
Multiplication

B*A

ans =
66 78 90
78 93 108
90 108 126

Multiplication with vector

a=[4 9 1]

a =
4 9 1

a*B

ans =
25 67 109

B =
1 4 7
2 5 8
3 6 9

A.*B

ans =
1 8 21
 8 25 48
21 48 81

Addition and substraction

A+B
A-B

Division

A./B
B./A %The order matters

A.\B %Elementwise but dividing the elements from B by the one from A

Potencies

A^2 % Normal multiplication of matrices

A.^2 %Elementwise multiplication

Some functions to use with matrices

Z=zeros(3,2) %Matrix of zeros with 3 rows and 2 columns.

Z =
0 0
0 0
0 0

z=zeros(3,1) %Column vector of zeros

z =
0
0
0

Ones=ones(5,4) %Matrix of ones

Ones =
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
 1 1 1 1

eye(4) %4x4 diagonal matrix

eye(2,4) %2x1 diagonal matrix

ans =
1 0 0 0
0 1 0 0

r=[1 2; 3 4]

r =
1 2
3 4

repmat(r,4,3) %Repeats the matrix (4 "rows" and 3 "columns")

ans =
1 2 1 2 1 2
3 4 3 4 3 4
1 2 1 2 1 2
3 4 3 4 3 4
1 2 1 2 1 2
3 4 3 4 3 4
1 2 1 2 1 2
3 4 3 4 3 4

rand(3,2) % random 3x2 matrix

ans =
0.8147 0.9134
0.9058 0.6324
0.1270 0.0975

randi(3,2) %matrix with values from 1 to 3 and of size 2x2.

randi([-5,5],4,5) %matrix with values from -5 to 5 and of size 4x5.

ans =
-2 -4 3 3 4
1 5 -4 5 5
5 5 -1 2 2
5 0 5 -5 3

linspace function: linspace(x,y,n) - vector of n elements within the range [x,y].

 % Example
ls=linspace(3,15,5)

ls =
3 6 9 12 15

Hypermatrices:
One matrix of i x j dimensions and k "layers".

e.g. Grid Example master thesis.

% Example
AA(:,:,1)=[1 2 3; 4 5 6]
AA(:,:,2)=[2 3 4; 5 6 7]

%Example
AA(:,:,2)