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Describe Effect of shunt & series connected devices for reactive power
compensation?
Answer:
Shunt compensation:
In shunt compensation, power system is connected in shunt (parallel) with the FACTS. It works as a
controllable current source. Shunt compensation is of two types:
At the buses where reactive power demand increases the bus voltage is controlled by
connecting capacitor banks in parallel to lagging load. Capacitor banks supply a part of or full
reactive power of load, which reduces magnitude of the source current needed to supply load.
Series Compensation:
A device that is connected in series with the transmission line is called a series compensator. When
the line has the value of high reactance to resistance ratio than the inductive reactance of
the transmission line could be decreased by introducing series capacitors as a results in low voltage
drop. If a load with lagging power factor is connected at the end the voltage drop in the line is given by
VD = I(Rcosό + X Lsinό)
If a capacitance C with reactance Xc is connected in series with the line then the reactance
will reduced to [XL Xc] and the voltage drop is reduced. And also the reactive power taken by the line is
reduced. From the phasor diagram the line voltage drop is,
VD = I(Rcosό + (X L-XC) sinό)
Hence the series capacitors is used to reduce the voltage drop in the lines with low power factor and
also improves the voltage at the receiving end specifically with low power factor loads. For variable load
conditions the voltage is controlled by switching in suitable series capacitors in the line.
Q # 02:Describe the effect of Synchronous condenser regarding reactive power
conduction and absorption?
Answer:
The surge impedance of transmission-line towers is very important in the design of electric transmission
lines. The surge impedance has similar effect as a resistance in direct current circuits.