MLR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Laxma Reddy Avenue, Dundigal, Hyderabad - 500 043

OBJECTIVE BITS

COURSE NAME : MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS AND STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS

COURSE CODE : 57115

CLASS : IV-I B.TECH

BRANCH: AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING

YEAR: 2015 - 2016

COURSE FACULTY: B.NAGARAJ GOUD

OBJECTIVES

To meet the challenge of ensuring excellence in engineering education, the issue of

quality needs to be addressed, debated and taken forward in a systematic manner. Accreditation
is the principal means of quality assurance in higher education. The major emphasis of
accreditation process is to measure the outcomes of the program that is being accredited.

In line with this, Faculty of MLR Institute of Technology, Hyderabad has taken a lead in
incorporating philosophy of outcome based education in the process of problem solving and
career development. So, all students of the institute should understand the depth and approach of
course to be taught through these Assignment questions, which will enhance learner's learning

UNIT-I

OBJECTIVES BITS

1. When a system vibrates in a fluid medium, the damping is [ a ]

(a) viscous (b) Coulomb (c) Solid (d) Frictional

2. Logarithmic decrement is used to measure [ b ]

(a) Mass (b) Damping (c) Stiffness (d) Frequency

3. The response on an undamped system under resonance is [b ]

(a) Very large (b) Infinity (c) Zero (d) Finite

4. A disc of mass m is attached to a spring of stiffness k as shown in thefigure The disc rolls
without slipping on a horizontal surface. The natural frequency of vibration of the system is[ c ]
5. The fundamental natural frequency of a system is [ b ]
(a) The largest value (b) The lowest value (c) Any intermediate value (d) None of these

6. The degrees of freedom of a simple pendulum i [ b ]

(a) Time period (b) one (c) Zero (d) Finite

7. A vibratory system consists of a spring, damper and a ______ [ a ]

(a) Mass (b) Infinity (c) spring (d) Finite

8. If a motion repeats after equal interval of time, it is called a periodic motion. [ d ]

(a) Very large (b) Infinity (c) Zero (d) periodic

9. When acceleration is proportional to the displacement and directed towards the mean position
the motion is called __________harmonic [ b ]
(a) Time period (b) simple (c) Zero (d) Finite

10. Time taken to complete one cycle of motion is called the Time period of vibration [ c ]
(a) Very large (b) Infinity (c) time period (d) Finite

11. A shaft carrying three rotors will have [c ]

[A] no node [B] one node [C] two nodes [D] three nodes

12. In semi-definite system one of the natural frequencies must be [d ]

[A] one [B] non-zero [C] infinite [D] zero

13. The main properties of a vibrating system are [c ]

[A] mass & stiffness [B] stiffness& damping [C] mass, stiffness& damping [D] none

14. In the spring–mass system if the mass of the system is doubled with spring stiffness halved,
The natural frequency of longitudinal vibration [ b]
 [A] remains unchanged [B] halved [C] doubled [D] quadrupled

15. If the damping factor for a vibrating system is equal to one, then the system is known as [ a ]
[A] critically damped [B] under damped [C] over damped [D] none

16. The angle between spring force and damping force is [ b ]

[A] 0° [B] 90° [C] 180° [D] 60°

17. Accelerometer is designed with [ c ]

[A] zero frequency [B] low frequency [C] high frequency [D] all of these

18. The equation mx +cx +kx= fsinwt is represents [ b ]

[A] free vibration [B]forced vibration
[C]free vibration with viscous damping [D] periodic free vibration

19. If ω/ωn is more than √2 in a vibration isolation system then for all values of the damping
Factor , the transmissibility is
[c ]
[A] lessthan√2 [B] morethan√2 [C] lessthan1 [D] morethan1

20. A shaft carrying two rotors will have [ b ]

[A] no node [B] one node [C] two nodes [D] three nodes

UNIT-II

OBJECTIVES BITS

1. In the equation of motion of a multiple degrees of freedom system if the mass matrix is full,
the system of equation has [ b ]

(a) Static coupling (b) Dynamic Coupling

(c) Both static and dynamic coupling (d) system is unstable

2. The fundamental natural frequency of the system is: [ b ]

(a) The largest value (b) The lowest value (c) Any intermediate value (d) None of these

3. A mass m attached to a spring is subjected to a harmonic force as shown

in figure The amplitude of the forced motion is observed to be 50 mm. The

value of m (in kg) is [ a]

(A) 0.1 (B) 1.0 (C) 0.3 (D) 0.5

4 The system which requires two co-ordinates to describe its motion completely is called [ b ]
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) infinite

5 [ c ]

𝐤
6 The natural frequency of a spring stiffness , k and mass m, of a system is 𝐦

7 Phase difference of any vibrating system at resonance is 90 degrees.

8 The ratio of force transmitted to the foundation to that of external force is Transmissibility

9Time taken to complete one cycle of motion is called the Time period of vibration

10 The angular difference between the occurrence of two similar points two harmonic motions is
called Phase

11. The dynamic response of a discrete system can be described by simultaneous ordinary
differential equations. For a proper choice of coordinates, [ b ]

(a) The largest value (b) principal or modal coordinates (c) Any intermediate value (d) None
of these

12. The values of modal masses and stiffnesses depend on the normalization of modal vectors.
When the values of the modal masses are imposed the vectors are said to be [ a ]

(A) mass-normalized (B) dynamic response (C) harmonic motions (D) infinite
13. The anti resonance frequency is equal to the natural frequency of the subsystem consisting of
the spring k and the mass m. This subsystem is called a [ c ]

(A) resonance (B) dynamic response (C) dynamic vibration absorber (D) infinite

14. The coupling is given by the off-diagonal elements of the stiffness matrix, hence it is referred
to as [ d ]

(A) resonance (B) forced frequency (C) dynamic coupling (D) static coupling

15. The coupling is given by the off-diagonal elements of the mass matrix, hence it is referred to
as [ c ]

(A) resonance (B) forced frequency (C) dynamic coupling (D) static coupling

16. The damping force is usually proportional to the [ c ]

(A) resonance (B) frequency (C) velocity (D) acceleration

17. A mechanical device called a _____is added to mechanical systems to provide viscous

Damping [ d ]

(A) resonance (B) dynamic response (C) spring (D) dashpot

18. Any form of damping where the damping force is proportional to the velocity is

referred to as [ b ]

(A) resonance (B) viscous damping (C) spring (D) dashpot

19. ______ are present in springs due to an initial source of potential energy, usually

Gravity [ a ]

(A) Static deflections (B) viscous damping (C) spring (D) dynamic coupling

20. The ______is defined for under damped free vibrations as the natural logarithm of the ratio
of the amplitudes of vibration on successive cycles. [ c ]

(A) deflections (B) damping (C) logarithmic decrement(D) coupling

UNIT-III

OBJECTIVES BITS

1)The number of DOF of a beam vibration is [ c ]

a)single DOF b)finite DOF c)infinite DOF d)none

2) If the system vibrates normal to its axis, the vibrations are [ c]

a)longitudinal b)torsional c)transverse d)none

3) The reduction of the amplitude ratio in the presence of damping is very significance [ a ]
(a) Near ω=ω (b) Near ω=0 (c) Near ω=∞ (d) Near ω=nω
n n

4) The characteristic equation of a n-degrees of freedom system is [ a]

(a) A polynomial of order n (b) A transcendental equation
(c) Combination of (a) and (b) (d) A differential equation of order n

5) When a system vibrates in a fluid medium, the damping is [ a ]

(a) viscous (b) Coulomb (c) Solid (d) Frictional

6) When we apply brakes on a automobile two motions of car body occur simultaneously
Translatory and angular.

.
3
7) The equivalent stiffness of cantilever beam 3EI/L

8) The units for torsion stiffness of a system is Nm/radians

9) System with a finite number of degrees of freedom is called Multiple degrees of freedom
system.
10) The unit for spring stiffness is N/m

11. A spring is a flexible mechanical link between two particles in a mechanical system. In
reality a spring itself is a [a]

(a) continuous system. (b) Coulomb (c) Solid (d) Frictional

12. The length of a spring when it is not subject to external forces is called its unstretched

length. [b]

(a) continuous system. (b) unstretched length (c) Solid (d) Frictional

13. A continuous system is governed by a partial differential equation. The independent

variables are _________ [a]

(a) spatial coordinate and time. (b) degrees of freedom (c) stiffness (d) Frictional

14. Torsional oscillations of a shaft, longitudinal vibrations of a bar, and transverse vibrations

of a string are all governed by the [c]

(a) continuous system. (b) Coulomb (c) wave equation (d) Frictional

15. _______of a beam are governed by a partial differential equation that is of the fourth order in
the spatial variable and second order in time [a]

(a) Transverse vibrations (b) longitudinal vibrations (c) wave equation (d) torsional

16. The method-of-separation of variables is used to solve the problem [a]

(a) free-vibrations. (b) Coulomb (c) wave equation (d) Frictional

17. Rayleigh’s quotient is the ratio of the potential energy to the kinetic energy if the system

has a specified mode shape [b]

(a) Euler Beam Theory (b Rayleigh’s quotient (c) wave equation (d) torsional

18. The ________method assumes a solution as a finite, linear combination of n functions

which satisfy the boundary conditions of a system [a]

(a) Rayleigh-Ritz (b Rayleigh’s quotient (c) wave equation (d) torsional

19. The global _______are the coordinates representing the degrees of freedom at the nodes [ a ]

(a) Generalized coordinates (b) principal or modal coordinates (c) Any intermediate value (d)
None of these

20. The harmonic response of two degree-of-freedom systems is determined using the method of
_____ [a]

(a) undetermined coefficients (b) modal coordinates (c) determined coefficients

(d) None of these

UNIT-IV

OBJECTIVES BITS

1.

[ c]
2.

[ b]
3 If two springs are connected in parallel, the resultant stiffness will [a]
a)increase b)decrease c)unaltered d)None

4. If two springs are connected in series of equal stiffness, then the equivalent stiffness

become [ c ]

a)same b)doubles c)becomes half d)None

5. If the stiffness of the system is increased to 4 times of original value, then the frequency

Becomes [ b]

a)half b) double c) 4 times d)unaltered

6. The fundamental natural frequency of a system is [ b]
(a) The largest value (b) The lowest value (c) Any intermediate value (d) None of these

7. In free vibrations, the acceleration vector leads the displacement vector by [ a]

a) π b) π/2 c) π/3 d)2 π/²

8. When a structure which is excited by an external harmonic force has undesirable vibrations, it
becomes necessary to eliminate them by coupling some vibrating system to it. That vibrating
system is known as vibration absorber or dynamic vibration absorber

9 Continuous systems are considered to have ____-number of DOF [ c]

a) coupling b) discrete systems c) Infinite d)none

10 The number of cycles per unit time is called the Frequency of vibration.

11. The relationship between the forces f1 and f2 and the total deflections y1
and y2 can be expressed by the equations [ b]

a) Coupling b) δ ij are called flexibility (influence) coefficients c) harmonic force

d)none

12. Systems with a finite number of degrees of freedom are called [ b]

a) coupling b) discrete systems c) harmonic force d)none

13. The modal properties have to be extracted from the response characteristics which are

measurable quantities, and this process is defined as modal testing or experimental [ a]

a) modal analysis b) Adjoint c) Identity d) Cofactor

14. They are utilized for systemswith low modal density and light damping, in troubleshooting
applications or in the second stage of MDOF fitting processes for determining mode shape
coefficients. [ d]
a) modal analysis b) Adjoint c) Identity d) mode shape coefficients.

15. When the modelorder is larger than the system order, there are more determined modes than

Structural modes, the remainder being called. [ a]

a) Computational or noise modes b) discrete systems c) harmonic force d)none

16.the resultant deflected shape of a rotor at a specific rotational speed to an applied forA three
dimensional presentation of rotor lateral deflection along the shaft axis. [ b]

a) coupling b) Mode Shape c) harmonic force d)none

17. A point of minimum shaft deflection in a specific mode shape. May readily change locashaft
axis due to changes in residual imbalance or other forcing function, or change in restraint such
abearing clearance. [ a]

a) Nodal Point b) continuous system c) harmonic force d)none

18. In free vibrations, the velocity vector leads the displacement vector by [ b]
a) π b) π/2 c) π/3 d)2 π/²

19. . Systems with a in finite of degrees of freedom are called [ b]

a) coupling b) continuous system c) harmonic force d)none

20. The applications or in the second stage of MDOF fitting processes for determining mode
shape coefficients. [ d]
a) modal analysis b) Adjoint c) Identity d) mode shape coefficients
UNIT-V

OBJECTIVES BITS

1.

[ d]

2. The characteristic equation of a n-degrees of freedom system is [ a]

(a) A polynomial of order n (b) A transcendental equation
(c) Combination of (a) and (b) (d) A differential equation of order n

3 When the natural frequency of the system coincides with external forcing frequency lit f
vibration is maximum and this condition is known as resonance

4. The reduction of the amplitude ratio in the presence of damping is very significance [ a ]
(a) Near ω=ω (b) Near ω=0 (c) Near ω=∞ (d) Near ω=nω
n n

5The natural frequency of the spring mass system shown in the figure is

closest to [ c ]

(A) 8 Hz (B) 10 Hz (C) 12 Hz (D) 14 Hz

6.The equation for the force transmitted to the foundation in terms of amplitude,

damping ratio and frequency ratio is

7 The system having one of their natural frequencies equal to zero are known as semi-definite
systems
8 The speed at which resonance speed is called critical speed

9 The equation for magnification factor in terms of damping ratio and frequency ratio is

MF=

10 The equivalent stiffness of simply supported beam 48 E I / L

11. Critical Speeds — In general, any rotating speed which is associated with high vibration
amplitude. Orotor speeds which correspond to natural frequencies of the system

12. Damping — The quality of a mechanical system that restrains the amplitude of motion with
each shaft motion is provided by oil in bearings, seals, etc. The damping process converts
mechto other forms, usually heat

13. Degrees of Freedom — A phrase used in mechanical vibration to describe the complexity of
the systenumber of degrees of freedom is the number of independent variables describing the
state of a vibrati

14. Dynamic Motion — Vibratory motion of a rotor system caused by mechanisms that are
active only wis turning at speeds above slow roll speed.

15. Eccentricity, Mechanical — The variation of the outer diameter of a shaft surface when
referenced togeometric centerline of the shaft. Out-of-roundness.

16. Eccentricity Ratio — The vector difference between the bearing centerline and the average
steady-stcenterline

17. Frequency — The repetition rate of a periodic event, usually expressed in cycles per second
(Hz), revminute (rpm), or multiples of a rotational speed (orders). Compare to orders that are
commonly refer for rotational speed, 2x for twice rotational speed, etc.

18. Natural Frequency — The frequency of free vibration of a system. The frequency at which
an undam with a single degree of freedom will oscillate upon momentary displacement from its
rest position.

19. Resonance — The condition of vibration amplitude and phase change response caused by a
corresponsensitivity to a particular forcing frequency. A resonance is typically identified by a
substantial amplituand related phase shift.
20. Torsional Vibration — Amplitude modulation of torque measured in degrees peak-to-peak
referencedof shaft rotation.

UNIT-VI

OBJECTIVES BITS

6)The amplitude ratio of principal mode is

7. The speed ratio of rotation shafts

8. Fourier series method non linear equation is

9. Method of iteration the differential equation

10 Duhamel’s integral method equation is

11. Thus the reciprocal of the fundamental frequency squared can be obtainedby adding the
squares of the reciprocals of the isolated frequencies is known as [ c ]

a) Reyleigh b) studola c) Dunkerley’s formula d) holzer

12.the ______ is essentially a trial-and-error scheme to find the natural frequencies of

undamped, damped, semidefinite, fixed, or branched vibrating systems involving linear

and angular displacements [ d ]

a) Reyleigh b) studola c) Dunkerley’s formula d) Holzer s method

13. Mathematical coefficients that describe the influence of system loading on deflection[ B ]

a) Reyleigh b) Influence Coefficients c) Dunkerley’s formula d) Holzer s method

14. During torsional vibration of a shaft, the node is characterized by the [ D]

(a) maximum angular velocity (b) maximum angular displacement

(c) maximum angular acceleration (d) zero angular displacement

15. In a multi-rotor system of torsional vibration maximum number of nodes that can occur is

(a) two (b) equal to the number of rotor plus one [D]

(c) equal to the number of rotors (d) equal to the number of rotors minus one

16. Consider the following statements:

1. Critical or whirling speed of the shaft is the speed at which it tends to vibrate violently
in the transverse direction. [ A]
2. To find the natural frequency of a shaft carrying several loads, the energy method
gives accurate result.
3. Dunkerley's method gives approximate results of the natural frequency of a shaft
carrying several loads.
Which of these statements is/are correct?

(a) 1 only (b) 2 and 3 (c) 1 and 3 (d) 1, 2 and 3

 17. Which one of the following pairs is correctly matched? [D]

(a) Coulomb---------- Energy Principle

(b) Rayleigh------------ Dynamic Equilibrium

(c) D' Alembert-------- Damping Force

(d) Fourier------------- Frequency domain analysis

18. The value of the natural frequency obtained by Rayleigh's method [ D ]

(a) is always greater than the actual fundamental frequency

(b) is always less than the actual fundamental frequency
(c) depends upon the initial deflection curve chose and may be greater than or less than the
actual fundamental frequency
(d) is independent of the initial deflection curve chosen

19. A uniform cantilever beam undergoes transverse vibrations. The number of natural
frequencies associated with the beam is [D]

(a) 1 (b) 10 (c) 100 (d) infinite

20. When a vehicle travels on a rough road whose undulations can be assumed to he sinusoidal,
the resonant conditions of the base excited vibrations are determined by the
(a) mass of the vehicle, stiffness of the suspension spring, speed of the vehicle,
wavelength of the roughness curve [A]
(b) speed of the vehicle only
(c) speed of the vehicle and the stiffness of the suspension spring
(d) amplitude of the undulations

UNIT-VII

OBJECTIVES BITS

1) A matrix in which diagonal elements are one is _________ matrix [ c ]

a) Square b) Adjoint c) Identity d) Cofactor

2) Phase differences of principal modes. [ a ]

a) φ sin cot =θ b) φ cosωt =θ c) φ cot cot =θ d)φ tan cot =θ

3 [ a]

4Unit matrix [I] =

5. If [F] = [K] [x], [K] is

6. Equation of length of equivalent shaft

7Equivalent stiffness of the series [ b]

8 Equivalent stiffness of the parallel [ d]

9 If w1 = w2 then mass ratio μ =

10Duhamel’s integral method equation is

11. The method can be extended to find the approximate value ofthe fundamental natural
frequency of a discrete system.1 The method is based on

a) Square b) Adjoint c) Rayleigh s principle d) Cofactor

12. Modal Analysis — The process of breaking complex vibration into its component modes of
vibration,like frequency domain analysis breaks vibration down to component frequencies

13. If a spring-mass-dashpot system is subjected to excitation by a constant harmonic force, then

at resonance, its amplitude of vibration will be [A]

(a) infinity (b) inversely proportional to damping

(c) directly proportional to damping (d) decreasing exponentially with time

14. Using this method one can obtain natural frequencies and modal vectors of a vibratory

system having [B ]

(a) infinity (b) multi-degree freedom.

(c) directly proportional to damping (d) decreasing exponentially with time

15. For understanding it is required to to clearly understand Orthogonality principle of__ [A]

(a) modal vectors. (b) maximum angular displacement

(c) maximum angular acceleration (d) zero angular displacement

16. The method of obtaining frequency and modal vectors between first and the last one
is referred as sweeping technique. [A]

A) sweeping technique B) Statically Determinate C) forced vectored D) Cofactor

17. The method is based on finding inertia forces and deflections at various points of interest using
flexibility [ d]

a) Torque b ) Adjoint c) Identity d) influence coefficents.

18. It is an iterative method, used to find the natural frequencies and modal vector of a

vibratory system having multi-degree freedom.` [ d]

a) Reyleigh b) studola c) Dunkerley’s formula d) holzer

19. The procedure discussed earlier is valid for semi-definite systems. It is well-known that for
definite systems, deflection at fixed point is always__ [A]

(a) Zero. (b) infinite displacement (c) acceleration (d) angular displacement

20. It is an approximate method of finding fundamental natural frequency of a system

using energy principle. [A]

a) Reyleigh b) studola c) Dunkerley’s formula d) holzer

UNIT-VIII

OBJECTIVES BITS

1. The aero elastic problem is called a _______problem [ c]

A) Square B) Statically Determinate C) Statically Indeterminate D) Cofactor

2. the structural behavior is static and assumed to be linear elastic, this relationship is written as

{Fi}[Kij ]{uj}

3. The shear center is defined as ―a point on a structural configuration where loading by a

concentrated force will create only.‖ [ d]
a) Square b) Adjoint c) Identity d) translational displacement but no rotation or twist

4. Aeroelastic problems are concerned with the effects of changes in aerodynamic loads

due to [ c]

a) Square b) Adjoint c) lifting surface deflections d) Cofactor

5. The value of dynamic pressure at which this occurs,is called the [ c]

a) Square b) Adjoint c) divergence dynamic pressure d) Cofactor

6. Finite element methods belong to a class of structural models called [ b]

a) Square b) matrix models.c) Identity d) Cofactor

7. Stability is the ability of a physical system to return to its original equilibrium state when
disturbedor ―perturbed. [ a ]

a) Stabi lity b) Adjoint c) Unstabi lity d) Cofactor

8.matrix contribution from the aerodynamic loads is referred to as the [ d ]

a) Torque b ) Adjoint c) Identity d) Aerodynamic Stiffness Matrix.

9. The center of twist is defined as the point about which the wing section appears to rotate when
onlya is applied. [ a ]

a) Torque b ) Adjoint c) Identity d) Cofactor

10.an unstable self exited structural oscillations at a definite frequency where energy is extracted
from the air stream by the motion of the structure is [ c ]

a) Square b) Adjoint c) Flutter d) Cofactor

11. ________is the study of the deflection of flexible aircraft structures under aerodynamic loads,where
the forces and motions are considered to be independent of time. [ a ]

a) Static aeroelasticity b ) dynamic aeroelasticity c) flutter d) Cofactor

12. At speeds greater than the reversal speed,the action of the controls reverses, a phenomenon
known as [ d ]

a) Static aeroelasticity b ) dynamic aeroelasticity c) flutter d) control reversal

13. If the critical damping ratio trend approaches the critical speed with a shallow gradient, this is
known as [ b ]

a) Static aeroelasticity b ) soft flutter. c) flutter d) control reversal

14. Phenomena involving interactions of inertial, aerodynamic, and elastic forces [ b ]

a) Static aeroelasticity b ) Dynamic Aeroelasticity c) flutter d) control reversal

15. Describes the aeroelastic phenomena by means of a triangle of forces [ a]

a) Collar diagram b ) vectored diagram c) flutter d) control reversal

16. Static instability of a lifting surface of an aircraft in flight, at a speed

called the divergence speed, where elasticity of the lifting surface plays an essential role in
the instability [ c]

a) Collar diagram b ) Divergence c) flutter d) control reversal

17. Transient vibrations of aircraft structural components due to aerodynamic

impulses produced by wake behind wings, nacelles, fuselage pods, or other components of
the airplane [ a]

a) Buffeting b ) Divergence c) flutter d) control reversal

18. point about which the pitching moment MAC is independent of angle of attack _. Usually
closeto quarter chord, (0.25 c) [ b]
a) Collar diagram b ) Aerodynamic center c) flutter d) control reversal

19.The ____ is theability of a control surface such as anaileron or a rudder to

produceaerodynamic forces and moments tocontrol airplane orientation and maneuveralong a
flight path. [ a]
a) Control effectiveness b ) Aerodynamic center c) flutter d) control reversal
20. The terminal roll rate becomes maximum and then declines rapidly as airspeed increases. At a special
airspeed, called the [ b]
a) Collar diagram b) aileron reversal speed, c) flutter d) control reversal