Analytical Geometry:

(3D) Vector Algebra

1. The ratio in which the plane : r ( 𝑖̂-2𝑗̂+3𝑘̂)=17 divides the line going the points
-2𝑖̂+4𝑗̂+7𝑘̂and 3𝑖̂-5𝑗̂+8𝑘̂ is

(a) 1:5 (b)1:10 (c ) 3:5 (d)3:1

Solution:
(d) plane is x-2y+3z= 17:A(-2,4,7), B(3,-5,8)

Let P divide AB in ratio K:1

3𝐾−2 −5𝑘+4 −8𝑘+7

∴ , ,- lies on the plane
𝑘+1 𝑘+1 𝑘+1

3𝑘−2 −5𝑘+4 −8𝑘+7

⟹ 𝑘+1 -2( ) + 3( ) =17
𝑘+1 𝑘+1

3
⟹37k+11⟹17k+17⇒ 20k= b⟹ k=10
Hence the ratio is 3:10

2. The direction of ratios of the diagonal of a cube which joins the origin to the opposite
corner are(when the 3 concurrent edges of the cube are co-ordinate axes )
2 2 2
(a) < , , > (b) <1, 1, 1> (c) < 2, -2, 1> (d) < 1, 2, 3>
3 3 3
Solution:
(b) Direction ratios of op are:
Z C(o,o,a) M(o,o,a)

M(a,o,a) y2 P(o,a,a)

O(o,o,o Y
B(o,a,o)
A(a,o,o) N(a,a,o)

< a-o, a-o,a-o> i.e< 1 ,1, 1>

3. The cosine of the angel between any two diagonals of a cube is:

a] 1/2

b] 1/3

c] 2/3

d] 1/√3.

Solution:

A] direction – ratio of OP are <1, 1,1>

Direction – ratio of BM are <a-o,o-a,a-o>

i.e,. <1,-1,1
1
∴ cosθ = 1×1+1×[-1]×1×1 = = 1/3
√3 √3

√12 + 12 + 12 √12 + (−1)2 + 12

4. Direction – cosins of the lines which makes equal angelswith the line axes in a space are:

a] < ±1/3,±1/3,±1/3 >

b]< ±6/7,±2/7,±3/7 >

c]< ±1/√3,±1/√3,±1/√3 >

d]< ±1/√7,±√3/14,±√1/14 >

solution:

c] let ∝,∝,∝ be the equal angels with the three axes.

∴ cos 2∝+ cos2∝ +cos2∝ = 1=3 cos 2 ∝ = 1

Cos ∝ = ± 1/√3

∴ direction – cosines are < ±1/√3,±1/√3,±1/√3>

5. If ∝,β,γ are the angels ,which a half ray makes with the positive directions of the axes,
then sin2∝, sin2β,sin2γ is equal to :

a] 1

b] 2

c] 0

d] -1

solution :

(b) cos2∝ + cos2β + cos2γ = 1

=> 1- sin2 ∝ + 1- sin2β + 1- sin2γ = 1

=> sin2∝ + sin2β + sin2γ=2

6. The lengh of the projection of the segment joining (x,y,z) and (x2,y2,z2) on the line:
𝑥−∝ 𝑦−𝛽 𝑧−𝛾
= = is :
𝑙 𝑚 𝑛

a] | l( x2-x1) + m(y2-y1)+n (z2-z1) |

b] | ∝(x2-x1)+β(y2-y1)+γ(z2-z1) |

c] | x2-x1 / l + y2-y1/ m z2-z1/n |

d] None of these

Solution :

(a) x-/ l = y-β/m = z-γ/n

B(x2,y2,z2)

A(x1,y1,z1)

<l,m,n>

Regd. length =|(x2-x1)l+(y2+y1)m+(z2-z1)n|.

7. A Straight line, which makes an angle of 60° with each of y and z-axes , inclined with x-
axis at an angle.

(a) 60° (b) 30° (c) 45° (d) 75°

Solution:

(c) cos2 60° +cos2 60° +cos2∝=1, where ∝ is the angle which the straight lines
makes the x-axis

1 1 1 1
cos2∝= 1- 4 - 4 = 1 - =
2 2