Potential Energy

Article XII: National Patrimony Sec 2,

“Mineral, coal, petroleum, and other mineral oils, all forces of potential energy”

The Constitution provides sources of energy such as coal, petroleum and other mineral oils, also it provides all
forces of potential energy.

All forces of Potential energy - The drafters of the constitution prospected possible sources of energy such as
those “Renewable Energy” (Solar, Wind, Geothermal, Ocean, Biomass, Hydro Power) or “Non Renewable Energy
(Nuclear Energy)”

Renewable Energy Resources - refer to energy resources that do not have an upper limit on the total quantity to
be used. Such resources are renewable on a regular basis, and whose renewal rate is relatively rapid to consider
availability over an indefinite period of time. These include, among others, biomass, solar, wind, geothermal,
ocean energy, and hydropower conforming with internationally accepted norms and standards on dams, and other
emerging renewable energy technologies

Non-renewable resource (also called a finite resource) is a resource that does not renew itself at a sufficient rate
for sustainable economic extraction in meaningful human time-frames. Example of this are: coal, petroleum and
oils, natural gas, minerals (fossil fuels)

Governing Laws

P.D 1206 –Ministry of Energy - It is declared policy of the state to ensure a continuous and adequate supply of
energy with the end in view of ultimately achieving self-reliance in the country's energy requirements, through
intensive exploration and development of indigenous energy resources, and through the judicious conservation
and efficient utilization of energy consistent with the country's accelerated economic growth and taking into
consideration the significant and continuing participation of the private sector in the various areas of energy
resource development. (later abolished after Marcos Regime)

R.A 7638 – Department of Energy Act of 1992 - Mandates to prepare integrate, coordinate, supervise and control
all plans, programs, projects and activities of the Government relative to energy exploration, development,
utilization, distribution and conservation, among other

Republic Act No. 9513 – Renewable Energy Act of 2008 - Provides that it is the policy of the State to encourage
and accelerate the exploration, development and increase the utilization of renewable energy resources such as,
but not limited to, biomass, solar, wind, hydropower, geothermal, and ocean energy sources, and including hybrid
systems.

R.A 9367 – Biofuel Act of 2006 - the policy of the State to reduce dependence on imported fuels with due regard
to the protection of public health, the environment, and the natural ecosystems consistent with the country's
sustainable economic growth that would expand opportunities for livelihood.
Renewable Energy Sources (Fuel or Electricity)

Captive power plant also called auto producer or embedded - generation is a power generation facility used and
managed by an industrial or commercial energy user for their own energy consumption. Captive power plants can
operate off-grid or they can be connected to the electric grid to exchange excess generation.

Electrical grid - is an interconnected network for delivering electricity from producers to consumers. It consists of
generating stations that produce electrical power, high voltage transmission lines that carry power from distant
sources to demand centers, and distribution lines that connect individual customers.

Off-grid electrification - is an approach to access electricity used in countries and areas with little access to
electricity, due to scattered or distant population. The term off-the-grid (OTG) can refer to living in a self-sufficient
manner without reliance on one or more public utilities.

Geothermal Resources - refer to mineral resources, classified as renewable energy resource, in the form of: (i) all
products of geothermal processes, embracing indigenous steam, hot water, and hot brines; (ii) steam and other
gases, hot water, and hot brines resulting from water, gas, or other fluids artificially introduced into geothermal
formations; (iii) heat or associated energy found in geothermal formations; and (iv) any by-product derived from
them

w/*Flash Type Steam Recovery

* Flash Binary Type Steam Recovery

Facility Name Location

BACMAN Manito, Albay
*MAKBAN Calauan, Laguna
*MAKBAN-BINARY Bitin bay, Laguna
TIWI Tiwi, Albay
LEYTE GPP Tongonan, Leyte
NASULO GP Nasulo, Negros Occidental
PALINPINON GPP Valencia Negros Oriental
UNIFIED LEYTE Tongonan, Leyte
MT APO Kidapawan, North Cotabato

Hydroelectric Power Resources or Hydropower Resources - refer to water resources found technically feasible for
development of hydropower projects which include rivers, lakes, waterfalls, irrigation canals, springs, ponds, and
other water bodies

(*) = Dam type

W/ (*)= Run of River type

Facility Name Location

Large Hydroelectric Plants
*AMBUKLAO Bokud, Benguet
*ANGAT MAIN Norzagaray, Bulacan
*ANGAT AUX
BAKUN Alilem, Ilocos Sur
*BINGA Itogon, Benguet
*CALIRAYA Lumban, Laguna
*CASECNAN (NIA) Pantabangan, Nueva Ecija
*KALAYAAN PSPP Kalayaan, Laguna
*MAGAT Ramon Isabela
 *PANTABANGAN-MASIWAY Pantabangan, Nueva Ecija
*SAN ROQUE San Manuel, Pangasinan
*AGUS 1 Marawi City, Lanao del Sur
*AGUS 2 Saguiaran, Lanao del Norte
*AGUS 4 Baloi, Lano del Norte
*AGUS 5 Buru-un Iligan City, Lanao
*AGUS 6 del Norte
*AGUS 7
PULANGI 4 Maramag Bukidnon
Small Hydroelectric Plants
HEDCOR-AMPOHAW Sablan, Benguet
HEDCOR-FLS Bakun, Benguet
NIA-BALIGTAN Ramon Isabela
SABANGAN Sabangan, Mt. Province
JANOPOL HEPP Bohol
VILLASIGA HEPP Bugasong, Antique
TUDAYA 2 Sta. Cruz, Davao
Mini Hydroelectric Plants
HEDCOR –BINENG 1 La Trinidad, Benguet
HEDCOR – BINENG 2
HEDCOR – BINENG 3
HEDCOR – IRISAN 1
HEDCOR – IRISAN 3 Bakun, Benguet
HEDCOR – LON-OY
HEDCOR – LOWER LABAY Itogon, Benguet
HEDCOR – SAL-ANGAN
LOBOC HEPP Loboc, Bohol
Micro Hydropower electric
HEDCOR – BINENG 2B La Trinidad, Benguet
AMLAN HEPP Negros Oriental

Biomass resources - refer to non-fossilized, biodegradable organic material originating from naturally occurring or
cultured plants, animals and micro-organisms, including agricultural products, by-products and residues such as,
but not limited to, biofuels except corn, soya beans and rice but including sugarcane and coconut, rice hulls, rice
straws, coconut husks and shells, corn cobs, corn stovers, bagasse, biodegradable organic fractions of industrial
and municipal wastes that can be used in bioconversion process and other processes, as well as gases and liquids
recovered from the decomposition and/or extraction of non-fossilized and biodegradable organic materials.

A. Biofuel - refer to the bioethanol and biodiesel and other fuels made from biomass and primary used for
motive, thermal power generation, with quality specifications in accordance with PNS
a. Bioethanol fuels - refer to the hydrous and anhydrous bioethanol suitably denatured for use as
motor fuel with quality specifications in accordance with the PNS
b. Biodiesel - refer to Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) or mono-alkyl ester delivered from vegetable
oil, or animal fats and other biomass-derived oils that shall be technically proven and approved
by the DOE for use in diesel engines, with quality specifications in accordance with the Philippine
National Standards (PNS)
(*) – Rice Husk-Fired Cogeneration Plant
W/(*) - Bagasse-Fired Cogeneration Plant

Facility Name Location

*BATAAN 2020 Samal, Bataan
*GIFT Talavera, Neuva Ecija
GREEN FUTURE San Mariano, Isabela
IBEC Alicia, Isabela
*SJC IPOWER San jose City, Nueva Ecija
HPCo Silay City, Negros Occidenta
URC Kabankalan, Negros Occidental
VMC Victorias City, Negros Occidental

Solar Energy - refers to the energy derived from solar radiation that can be converted into useful thermal or
electrical energy. (Ground Mounted Solar PV’s)

Facility Name Location

CALATAGAN SOLAR Calatagan and Balayan Batangas
CLARK SOLAR Mabalacat Pampanga
CURRIMAO SOLAR Currimao, Ilocos Norte
MARIVELES SOLAR Mariveles Bataan
PETROSOLAR Tarlac City, Tarlac
STA. SOLAR Mt. Sta. Rita, Subic
YH GREEN Hermosa, Bataan
COSMO SOLAR Miag-ao, Iloilo
FIRST TOLEDO SOLAR Hacienda Baltao, Talavera, Toledo, Cebu
HELIOS Cadiz City, Negros Occidental
ISLASOL II La Carlota City, Negros Occidental
ISLASOL III Manapla, Negros Occidental
MONTESOL Bais City, Negros Occidental
SACASOL I-A San Carlos, Negros Occidental
SACASOL I-B San Carlos City, Negros Occidental
SACASOL I-C & d
SACASUCIN San Carlos City, Negros Occidental
SILAY SOLAR Silay City, Negros Occidental
SOLEQ Ormoc, Leyte
SEPALCO Palo, Leyte
DIGOS SOLAR Digos City, Davao del Sur
KIBAWE SOLAR Kibawe, Bukidnon

Wind Energy - refers to the energy that can be derived from wind that is converted into useful electrical or
mechanical energy. (On-Shore Wind Turbine)

Facility Name Location

BANGUI WIND POWER PH1 & PH2
 BANGUI WIND POWER PH3 Bangui Bay, Ilocos Norte

BURGOS WIND Burgos, Ilocos Norte

CAPARISPISAN WIND Caparispisan, Ilocos Norte
NABAS WIND PH1 Nabas, Aklan
TAREC San Lorenzo, Guimaras

Ocean Energy - refer to energy that can be derived from ocean or tidal current, ocean thermal gradient or wave
energy into electrical or mechanical energy.

The Department of Energy (DoE) expects the Philippines’ first ocean energy facility to start commercial operations
by 2018. Data from the National Renewable Energy Plan book showed that the first project to go into operation
will be the 10-megawatt Cabangan ocean energy thermal conversion (Otec) project in Zambales. The Cabangan
project is one of 20 indicative power projects, which are expected to require a combined P11 billion in
investments. “While the country is endowed with vast ocean resource potential, there have been very limited
activities in this sector. This is primarily because of the high investment cost for its exploitation,” the DoE said. A
study conducted by the Mindanao State University indicated that the country, being an archipelago, has a
theoretical capacity of 170,000 megawatts over a 1,000 square kilometer ocean resource area.

Chart of Electric Supply as of 2016 (Department of Energy)

Terms

Installed Capacity is the maximum output of electricity that a generator can produce under ideal
conditions. Capacity levels are normally determined as a result of performance tests and allow utilities to project
the maximum electricity load that a generator can support. Capacity is generally measured in megawatts or
kilowatts.

Dependable Capacity - load carrying ability of an electric power plant or a generating unit capacity that
can be relied upon (monthly or annually)

Gross Generation - total generation of electricity by an electrical power plant

Renewable Energy
Installed Capacity :32.47 %
Dependable Capacity: 31.45

Non-Renewable
Installed Capacity: 67.53
Dependable Capacity: 68.55

Renewable Energy : 21, 979,458 24%

Non –Renewable: 68.818, 433 76%