SAE COLLEGIATE CLUB

presents
Workshop on
BASIC MECHANICAL ELEMENTS
 Screw and bolt
 Bearing
 Spring
 Gears
 Belt and pulley
 Chain and sprocket
 Cam
 Fasteners characterized by a helical ridge, known as
an external thread or just thread, wrapped around a
cylinder.
 Bolt threads are designed to mate with a
complementary thread, known as an internal thread,
often in the form of a nut.
 Uses: To hold objects together and to position
objects
 BEARINGS
Machine element that constrains
relative motion and reduces friction
between moving parts to only the
desired motion.
TYPES:-
• Ball bearing
• Roller bearing
• Magnetic bearing
Spring is an elastic object used to store
mechanical energy.

TYPES :-
 Helical or coiled
 Spiral or torsion
 Leaf spring
HELICAL or COILED SPIRAL or TORSION
Made of a coil or helix of wire Made from flat strip or wire coiled
up in the manner of the groove
A leaf spring takes the form of a slender arc-shaped length
of spring steel of rectangular cross-section.

USES:- As suspension in heavy vehicles

 Chain and sprockets
 Gears
 Belt and ropes
 GEARS
A gear is a machine part having cut teeth, which
mesh with another toothed part.
TYPES:-
 Spur gear
 Helical gear
 Double helical gear
 Bevel gear
 Rack and pinion
 Worm gear
•Spur gears are simplest type of gear.
Edge of each tooth is straight and
aligned parallel to the axis of rotation.

Bigger one is gear.

Smaller one is pinion.
Helical gears offer a refinement over spur gear.
Teeth are cut in the form of a helix on a
cylindrical surface.

DOUBLE HELICAL GEAR

One use of double helical gear
is to avoid axial movement
during motion.
SPUR GEAR
• It has higher efficiency and
precision .
• It is noisy.
• This has line contact.
• No axial component.
• Less contact area.
HELICAL GEAR
• Efficiency and precision is lower
than that of spur gear.
• It operate smoother and quieter.
• It has gradual point contact.
• It has axial thrust on the shaft.
• More contact area so high load
capacity.
The angle between shafts can
be anything except zero and
180 degrees.

Applications: Used in
automobiles differentials.
Rack and pinion
A type of linear actuator that comprises a pair of gears
which convert rotational motion into linear motion.
Uses:- Automobiles steering
Worm gear
o One way motion transfer
o Locking
o High speed reduction possible
o Application-To open lock gates
Belt and pulley
 Sprockets and chains are used for power transmission where slippage is
not admissible.
 Sprocket or sprocket-wheel is a profiled wheel with teeth or cogs that
mesh with a chain, track or other perforated or indented material.
 Differs from a gear, as sprockets are never meshed together directly
 Differs from a pulley, as sprockets have teeth and pulleys are smooth.
 A cam is a rotating piece in a mechanical linkage used especially in
transforming rotary motion into linear motion or vice-versa.
 Uses:- To produce a smooth reciprocating (back and forth) motion in
the lever making contact with the cam.
 BRAKES ARE DESIGNED TO SLOW
DOWN OUR VEHICLE.
 KINETIC ENERGY GETS CONVERTED
INTO THERMAL ENERGY.

TYPES
BICYCLE WHEEL BRAKES
DRUM BRAKES
DISC BRAKES
 The most basic type of brake
 These consist of two curved arms that cross at a pivot above the wheel
and hold the brake pads on opposite sides of the rim.
 Arms having extensions- one attached to the cable, the other to the
cable housing- move together as the brake lever is pressed & thus pads
squeeze the rim.
Two semi-circular brake shoes sit inside a spinning drum which is
attached to the wheel. On applying the brakes, the shoes are
expanded outwards to press against the inside of the drum.
 TYPES OF DRUM BRAKE

DOUBLE LEADING
EDGE DRUM BRAKE
 A disc brake is a wheel brake that slows rotation of the wheel by the
friction caused by pushing brake pads against a brake disk called
rotor with a set of callipers.
 Rotor replaces drums & calipers replace brake shoes.
 Better at stopping vehicles than drum brakes & cools faster
 Anti-lock braking system (ABS) is an automobile safety system that
allows the wheels on a motor vehicle to maintain tractive contact with
the road surface according to driver inputs while braking, preventing the
wheels from locking up (ceasing rotation) and avoiding uncontrolled skid
 Offers improved vehicle control and decreases stopping distances on
dry and slippery surfacesing.
Ravi Singh 4th mechanical
(Secretary) (+91)

Amritesh Pandey 3rd mechanical

(Joint secretary) (+919889203958)

Aprajita Kashyap 2nd metallurgy

(Joint secretary) (+917752958216)
Carbibles.com
Howstuffworks.com
Youtube.com/engineeringexplained

Thank You!