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collections Typically, the matrix being solved is the stiffness matrix. Consider, for
example, a simple 1-d element with two nodes, x1 and x2. If the model
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is unconstrained, ANSYS will attempt to write two equations:
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user polls | k -k | x1 = | 0 |
xansys archives | -k k | x2 = | 0 |
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Using Gaussian elimination:
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| k -k | x1 = | 0 |
engineering | 0 0 | x2 = | 0 |
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material links The second '0' that I've underlined is the 'pivot'. The zero pivot here
means that you have made ANSYS write more equations than can be
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solve deterministically. The mathematical term for this is that the matrix
book references failed to be "positive definite."
general info The practical upshot is that zero pivots always are caused by
unconstrained problems.
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The "small pivot" problem comes from the fact that computers don't give
fea-nux blog zero when doing subtraction using real variables. Instead, you get values
twitter like 1e-20, or even -1e-20. Hence, poorly constrained problems will tend
to lead to exceedingly small pivots, near the roundoff level for the
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machine. To the best of my knowledge, there is no significance to
whether these small pivots are negative or positive, although ANSYS will
sometimes tell you that you have a "negative pivot," rather than a "small
pivot." They both indicate the same problem.
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You see, SOLID72 rotational degrees of freedom are not "real," as has
been discussed on this list in relation to its full-blown cousin SOLID73.
They are a poor-mans approximation to the SOLID92 element, and have
been proposed to be eliminated because they set just the type of trap
that you are apparently falling into.
General purpose SOLID92's are then your best bet, in conjunction with
these techniques.
Small Pivot Terms
Details on small positive and negative pivot terms can be found in the
Theory Manual, Ch. 15.8 "Equation Solvers." This also provides a good
discussion on pivot terms.
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