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Author:
Date:
Time: 129
Marks: 129
Comments:
Page 1 of 45
Q1. The diagram shows a circuit.
(b) Which of the equations shows how current, potential difference and resistance are
related?
Page 2 of 45
Q2. A student designed the circuit below to measure temperature using a thermistor.
To calibrate the thermistor to measure temperature, the student placed the thermistor in a
beaker of water at 0 °C and took the voltmeter reading. The student then heated the water slowly
with a Bunsen burner. The student recorded the reading on the voltmeter every 10 °C.
(a) (i) Before calibrating the thermistor the student completed a risk assessment.
Write down one possible hazard that the student should have written in the risk
assessment and what the student should do to reduce the risk of the hazard causing
an injury.
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
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(2)
Write down the equation you use, and then show clearly how you work out your
answer.
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Page 3 of 45
(b) Most of the readings taken by the student are displayed in the graph.
(i) Explain why the reading on the voltmeter changes when the temperature of the water
increases.
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(3)
(ii) What is the temperature interval that can be measured with this circuit?
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
(1)
Page 4 of 45
(iii) Once calibrated, between which temperatures would this circuit give the greatest
resolution for temperature readings?
20 °C to 40 °C
40 °C to 60 °C
60 °C to 80 °C
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
(2)
(c) Thermistors have many practical uses, including being used as a thermometer to
measure temperature.
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 11 marks)
Q3. A student did an experiment with two strips of polythene. She held the strips together at one
end. She rubbed down one strip with a dry cloth. Then she rubbed down the other strip with the
dry cloth. Still holding the top ends together, she held up the strips.
Page 5 of 45
(a) (i) What movement would you expect to see?
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(1)
...........................................................................................................................
(2)
Each strip has a negative charge. The cloth is left with a............................................
(c) The student tried the experiment using two strips of aluminium. The strips did not move.
(i) Materials, such as aluminium, which electricity will pass through easily, are
called ........................................ .
(1)
(ii) Materials, such as polythene which electricity will not pass through easily, are
called ......................................... .
(1)
(Total 9 marks)
Q4. (a) The diagram shows the circuit used to investigate the resistance of a material. The
diagram is incomplete; the ammeter and voltmeter are missing.
(i) Draw the symbols for the ammeter and voltmeter on the diagram in the correct
places.
(2)
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(1)
Page 6 of 45
(b) The material, called conducting putty, is rolled into cylinders of different lengths but with
equal thicknesses.
Graph 1
(i) Why has the data been shown as a line graph rather than a bar chart?
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(1)
(iii) Use your answer to (b)(ii) and the equation in the box to calculate the potential
difference across a 30 cm length of conducting putty.
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...........................................................................................................................
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Page 7 of 45
(c) A second set of data was obtained using thicker pieces of conducting putty. Both sets of
results are shown in Graph 2.
Graph 2
(i) What is the relationship between the resistance and the thickness of the conducting
putty?
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(1)
(ii) Name one error that may have reduced the accuracy of the results.
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(1)
(iii) How could the reliability of the data have been improved?
...........................................................................................................................
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(1)
(Total 10 marks)
Page 8 of 45
Q5. (a) Draw one line from each circuit symbol to its correct name.
Diode
Light-dependent
resistor (LDR)
Lamp
Light-emitting
diode (LED)
(3)
Figure 1
(i) Use the correct answer from the box to complete the sentence.
Page 9 of 45
(ii) Calculate the reading on voltmeter V2.
...............................................................................................................
(iii) Which voltmeter, V1, V2 or V3, will give the lowest reading?
V1 V2 V3
(1)
Page 10 of 45
(c) A student wanted to find out how the number of resistors affects the current in a series
circuit.
Figure 2
The student started with one resistor and then added more identical resistors to the circuit.
Each time a resistor was added, the student closed the switch and took the ammeter
reading.
Figure 3
(i) To get valid results, the student kept one variable the same throughout the
experiment.
...............................................................................................................
(1)
(ii) The bar chart in Figure 3 is not complete. The result using 4 resistors is not shown.
Complete the bar chart to show the current in the circuit when 4 resistors were used.
(2)
Page 11 of 45
(iii) What conclusion should the student make from the bar chart?
...............................................................................................................
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(1)
(Total 10 marks)
Q6. The drawing shows the circuit used to investigate how the current through a 5 ohm (Ω)
resistor changes as the potential difference (voltage) across the resistor changes.
(a) Draw, in the space below, a circuit diagram of this circuit. Use the correct symbols for
each part of the circuit.
(2)
(b) (i) Write down the equation that links current, potential difference and resistance.
...........................................................................................................................
(1)
Page 12 of 45
(ii) Calculate the potential difference across the 5 ohm (Ω) resistor when the current
through the resistor equals 0.4 A. Show clearly how you work out your final answer.
...........................................................................................................................
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(iii) Complete the graph to show how the current through the resistor changes as the
potential difference across the resistor increases from 0 V to 3 V. Assume the
resistor stays at a constant temperature.
(2)
(c) The resistor is replaced by a 3 V filament lamp. The resistance of the lamp increases as
the potential difference across it increases. Why?
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 8 marks)
Page 13 of 45
Q7. (a) Draw lines to join the picture to the correct circuit symbol. The lamp has been done for
you.
(2)
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(1)
Page 14 of 45
(ii) This is not a good circuit for using in the tent. Why?
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(1)
(iii) Give two reasons why this circuit is better than the first circuit.
1. ......................................................................................................................
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2. ......................................................................................................................
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(2)
(Total 6 marks)
Page 15 of 45
(a) The table gives the current through three of the ammeters. Complete the table to show the
current through the other two ammeters.
Al 0.2
A2 0.6
A3 0.3
A4
A5
(2)
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Resistance = .......................................
(3)
(c) In the circuit above, the resistor R2 burned out and current stopped flowing in it. There was
no other change to the circuit.
Complete the table below to show the readings on the ammeters after this took place.
Al 0.2
A2 0.0
A3
A4
A5
(3)
(Total 8 marks)
Page 16 of 45
Q9. (a) The diagram shows the inside of a three-pin plug.
(ii) What is the colour of the insulation around the wire labelled T?
(i) Which one of the following is the correct circuit symbol for a fuse?
(1)
What would happen if a current of 20 amps passed through the 13 amp fuse?
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
(1)
Page 17 of 45
(c) Not all electrical appliances are earthed.
Hair
Table lamp Toaster
straighteners
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(2)
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(1)
(d) The diagrams show how two lengths of mains electrical cable were joined. The individual
wires have been twisted together and covered with insulating tape. This is not a safe way
to join the cables.
What is the possible risk from joining the two lengths of mains electrical cable in this way?
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
(1)
Page 18 of 45
(e) The diagram below shows a connecting box being used to join two lengths of electrical
cable. This is a safe way to join the cables.
Explain why.
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........................................................................................................................
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(2)
(Total 10 marks)
Q10. In a hairdryer circuit there is a heater and a motor. It is important that the motor is always
running when the heater is switched on.
(a) Using the symbols shown below only once each, draw a circuit for a hairdryer.
(2)
Page 19 of 45
(b) Modern hairdryers are described as double insulated.
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(2)
1600 W 230 V 50 Hz
(i) [A] Write an equation which shows the relationship between current, power and
voltage.
................................................................................................................
(1)
................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................
Current = ........................... A
(2)
(ii) [A] Write an equation which shows the relationship between current, resistance
and voltage.
................................................................................................................
(1)
[B] The resistance of the heater is 20 ohms. Calculate the resistance of the motor.
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Page 20 of 45
Q11. (a) Electrical circuits often contain resistors.
........................................................................................................................
(b) A circuit was set up as shown in the diagram. The three resistors are identical.
...............................................................................................................
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(ii) The same circuit has now been set up with two ammeters.
Draw a ring around the correct answer in the box to complete the sentence.
smaller than
greater than
(1)
(Total 4 marks)
Page 21 of 45
Q12. A computer is set up to produce a graph of the current through an electric lamp during the
first few milliseconds after it is switched on.
(a) Describe three differences in the way the lamp behaves after it has been modified.
1. ..........................................................................................................................
2. ..........................................................................................................................
3. ..........................................................................................................................
(3)
Page 22 of 45
(b) The current through the modified lamp depends on the total resistance of the filament and
component X.
The smaller this total resistance is, the greater the current.
The following graphs show how the resistance of the lamp filament and component X
change as the lamp heats up to its operating temperature.
Use the information shown on the graphs to explain the behaviour of the modified lamp.
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(4)
(Total 7 marks)
Page 23 of 45
Q13. (a) A student uses some everyday items to investigate static electricity.
(i) Draw a ring around the correct answer in the box to complete each sentence.
Rubbing the plastic strip with a cloth causes the strip to become negatively charged.
electrons
This happens because neutrons move from the cloth onto the plastic strip.
protons
a negative
zero
(2)
(ii) When the plastic strip is hung over the wooden rod, the two halves of the strip move
equally away from each other.
What two conclusions should the student make about the forces acting on the two
halves of the plastic strip?
1 ............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
2 .............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
(2)
Page 24 of 45
(b) Electrical charges move more easily through some materials than through other materials.
Through which one of the following materials would an electrical charge move most
easily?
Q14. Some students want to find out how the current through component X changes with the
voltage they use.
The diagram shows their circuit. The graph shows their results.
(a) Describe, as fully as you can, what happens to the current through component X as the
students increase the voltage.
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
(4)
(b) The students want to find out whether component X allows the same current to flow
through it in the opposite direction.
...........................................................................................................................
(1)
Page 25 of 45
(ii) The graph shows the students’ extra results.
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 6 marks)
Q15. (a) The diagram shows how static electricity is used to paint a metal car panel.
All the paint droplets have the same type of charge. This makes the paint droplets
The car panel and the paint droplets have the .................................................. type of
charge. This causes the car panel to .................................................. the paint droplets.
Page 26 of 45
(b) In which one of the following situations is static electricity dangerous and not useful?
using a photocopier
refuelling an aircraft
a smoke precipitator
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 5 marks)
Q16. A small torch uses a single cell to make the bulb light up.
(a) Label the symbol for a cell and the symbol for a bulb (lamp)
(2)
Page 27 of 45
(b) The graphs show the voltage across two different types of cell as they transfer the last bit
of their stored energy through the torch bulb.
Describe the differences that the graphs show between the two types of cell.
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(3)
(c) The diagram shows how bright the torch bulb is for different voltages.
From the point when the voltage of each cell starts to fall, how long will the bulb stay lit:
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
(4)
(Total 9 marks)
Page 28 of 45
Q17. The diagram shows a simple circuit.
(1)
Page 29 of 45
(b) The graph shows how the resistance of an LDR changes with light intensity.
Describe in detail how the resistance of the LDR changes as the light intensity increases
from 0 to 50 lux.
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(3)
(c) (i) Complete the following sentence by drawing a ring around the correct line in the box.
decrease
A decrease in the light intensity of light on the LDR will not change the
Page 30 of 45
(ii) Give a reason for your answer to part (c)(i).
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
(1)
(1)
(Total 7 marks)
Page 31 of 45
M1. (a) (i) resistor
1
(ii) 3 (V)
allow 1 mark for substitution into correct equation
ie 0.5 × 6
2
(iii) 20°C to 40 °C
1
Page 32 of 45
(c) thermostat
accept a correct description of a use
1
[11]
(b) positive
1
electrons
1
cloth
1
polythene
accept strips
1
(ii) insulators
accept non-conductors/poor conductors do not credit
non-metals
1
[9]
accept
do not accept lower case a
1
do not accept
1
Page 33 of 45
(ii) adjust / use the variable resistor
accept change the resistance
(ii) 36 (Ω)
correct answer only
1
(c) (i) the thicker the putty the lower the resistance
answer must be comparative
accept the converse
1
Page 34 of 45
(iii) repeat readings
accept check results again
accept do experiment again
accept do it again
accept compare own results with other groups
do not accept take more readings
1
[10]
M5. (a)
allow 1 mark for each correct line if more than one line is drawn
from any symbol then all of those lines are wrong
3
(ii) 3(V)
1
(iii) V1
1
Page 35 of 45
M6. (a) all symbols correct
(ii) 2
allow 1 mark for correct substitution
wrong working loses both marks
2
Page 36 of 45
M7. (a) all 3 lines drawn correctly
1.1
accept the value of A4 + 0.2
1
Page 37 of 45
(b) V = I R or 12 = 0.6 R or
accept V = A R
V = I × ohm’s sign
do not credit Ohm’s law triangle
2
R = 20
correct numerical answer earns both marks
ohms
1
(c) A3 = 0.3
A4 = 0.3
accept the same numeric value as A3
A5 = 0.5
accept the value of A4 + 0.2
3
[8]
(ii) brown
1
Page 38 of 45
(only one with) a metal case / outside
reason only scores if toaster chosen
accept it is metal
accept outside / case / metal conducts (electricity)
do not accept it conducts electricity
1
Page 39 of 45
(c) (i) [A] power = voltage × current
accept P = V I or
W=V×A
or any transformation
1
6.96 or 7
accept with no working for two marks
accept 6.95
in [A] award a mark for a triangle if calculation correctly performed
1
resistance of motor = 33 – 20 = 13
accept with no working for two marks
do not credit negative answer
accept consequential errors from c(i)
in [A] award a mark for a triangle if calculation correctly performed
1
[10]
(ii) equal to
1
[4]
Page 40 of 45
M12. (a) current rises/starts lower/starts from zero
for 1 mark
ideas that: *
smaller/only 0.45 (A) change in current
quicker/only 2 (ms) for current to settle
slightly lower/0.45 (A) final current
maximum only 0.45 (A) rather than 1.5 (A)
(*must compare e.g. “only...” or state figure from first graph)
any 2 for 1 further mark each
3
a positive
1
(b) aluminium
1
[5]
Page 41 of 45
M14. (a) idea that
but
current increases steadily (with voltage)
(allow in proportion)
gains 2 marks
4
no current at first
gains 1 mark
but
no current until voltage is more than 0.3 (volts)
gains 2 marks
opposite
1
attract
1
correct order only
Page 42 of 45
a spark may cause an explosion / fire / ignite the fuel
accept the static for a spark
accept named fuel
there must be a consequence of having a spark
do not accept answers in terms of people getting a shock or
electrocuted
1
[5]
or
ordinary cell 1.3V nicad 1.2V (normally / at start)
but
as above with relevant quantification e.g. falls to zero in 60 seconds
compared to 6 seconds e.g. falls to zero in 70 seconds compared to
16 seconds – from time zero
or
nicad falls to zero 10 times as fast
gains 2 marks
3
but
answer in range 22-24 (seconds) (inclusive)
gains 2 marks
(ii) 12 (seconds)
gains 1 mark
but
2 (seconds)
units not required in (c)
gains 2 marks
4
[9]
Page 43 of 45
(b) any three from:
Page 44 of 45
Page 45 of 45