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Four Types of Public

Speaking
Public speaking is when you stand
before an audience and deliver a
speech in a formal or an informal
occasion. For many people,
speaking in front of a large
audience is a daunting task so it is
quite natural to become very
nervous (though with effective
training this could be overcome).
• As public speaking has become a
serious career option, many
people are enrolling for classes
where they are taught skills and
techniques to speak well and
speak effectively before a
gathering. However, to be a good
speaker, it is necessary that one
should know the four types of
public speaking and the
peculiarities of each one of them.
[1] Speaking to Inform
• When a person gives a speech before an
audience to impart information on a
particular topic or issue it said to be an
informative speech. Business presentations,
seminars in colleges, class presentations in
schools are some examples of informative
speeches. A person preparing for an
informative speech has to research the
subject / topic very well. It should be short
and precise because long informative
speeches (lectures) easily bore the
audience. The success of an informative
speech will depend on how much the
audience could understand from the speech.
2] Speaking to Persuade
• Persuasive speeches are those where one tries
to persuade or convince a group of people.
These speeches aim to influence and change
the opinions of the audience. This can be a
difficult task as you would be facing a group of
people who may have totally opposite views
from your own. The most important point that
has to be kept in mind here is that if you want
to influence others' views and ideas, you have
to show your enthusiasm while speaking.
• However, you must remember that
you are not there to wage a war and
should talk without hurting others'
feelings. Persuasive speeches are often
given by sales and marketing people
to attract interest in their products.
They are also used to influence
political and religious views.
[3] Speaking to Actuate
• Speaking to actuate is a higher level of
persuasive speaking. Here, the speaker
goes a step beyond persuasion and
convincing. The aim is to motivate people
enough to take a specific step—to act.
This is a powerful level of speaking. Very
few people have achieved this level of
mastery of the art of persuasion where
they could so deeply convince people
that they move into action.
• This type of speech is common in
conflict (war) situations. It is also seen
in action whenever a speaker not only
tries to garner support for some cause
or reason but wants the people he’s
speaking to join him in actualizing it
through concrete action. It is
characterized by a show of charisma,
very strong words, and great emotional
involvement.
• A speech of this type typically does not rely on facts
and figures, though they may be offered. The speaker’s
aim is to get his listeners so emotionally enthralled that
they wholesomely adopt his idea, his principles, his
reasoning, as theirs and literally take up the cross and
share his burden. Sometimes, listeners may be so
deeply moved that they take up the cause more
seriously than even the person who’s invited them into
it! This sometimes happens among militia groups
where members of a mob overthrow their leader
accusing him of not being “aggressive enough” in the
fight for their common cause. They go on to introduce
tougher measures to the dismay of their deposed
leader. This is the pinnacle of persuasive speaking and,
indeed, of public speaking.
[4] Speaking to Entertain
• Ceremonial speeches are another form of
public speaking usually given at weddings,
funerals, graduation parties, retirement
parties etc. One very important factor to
make these speeches effective is to add a
personal touch.
• One gives these speeches for people
one knows and it would be great if one
can bring in stories and incidents
about the respective person. The
speech can be humorous, touching or
emotional, as per the occasion and the
mood. However, one should take
utmost care not to hurt feelings by
making snide remarks about them.
Conclusion
• Public speaking is a skill that is best
mastered through continuous practice. A
talkative person may not be able to give
the best speech. To give a great speech,
one must first understand the type of
speech one is expected to give and
should prepare along those lines. A good
public speaker is one who understands
the needs of the audience and is flexible
enough to adopt changes that may arise
even while delivering the speech.
Useful Speech Writing Tips

By
Mary Delle M. Obedoza
North Point Institute of Technology-
Binalbagan
• Speaking is one of the most powerful
tools of mass communication and very
helpful in case one has to
communicate with a large audience. A
speech is prepared according to the
audience and their language.
Speeches used to be spontaneous but
the modern day speeches are well
planned and there are speech writing
tips that can make a lot of difference
to the quality of a speech.
• Public speaking is about delivering the
thoughts of the speakers to the audience
effectively. A speech well written and
prepared in advance can help a person to face
the audience with confidence. Here are ten
speech writing tips to help out.
[1] Primary Objective

• A speech writer should present and


emphasize on the primary objective of
the speech. A speech written with too
many ideas will divert the intention of
the speaker and confuse the audience.
Normally, focus on three or four ideas
only and build your speech on these.
Better to hit three strong points properly
than to attempt to make ten but end up
poorly tackling them.
[2] Speech Structure
• A good speech should be written in a
structured manner to present the
audience with the ideas in a 'query
and solution' form. A speech can be
segregated into Opening, Body and
Conclusion
[3] Content
• A good speech should have a good
quality in the right quantity. An
excessive content written in an
uninteresting manner will dilute the idea
of the speech and make the speech
ineffective. Be prudent with your write-
up; make every sentence count. Avoid
using too many words to describe
something you could quite easily
describe with fewer words without loss of
meaning — unless you deliberately mean
to do so for reasons best known to you!
[4] Target Audience
• The speech writer should consider the type
of audience for whom the speech is
intended. The language of the speech or the
medium should be easily understandable
and comfortable to the target audience.
Depending on the topic, you would not
speak to teenagers and youths the way you’d speak
to parents or middle-aged people. Both groups could
potentially interpret your message in very different
ways.
[5] Facts
• A good speech should have multiple
numbers of facts to validate the speech.
Relevant facts related to the subject
should be used in the speech as without
facts a speech, however good it may be,
will be invalid. Do not quote incorrect
figures. One misquoted date, for example
can harm the authenticity of your
presentation and ultimately harm your
own integrity and reputation. Always
cross-check facts and figures properly.
Use reliable sources.
[6] Emotional Quotient
• A good speech writer can add an
emotional touch by using personal
stories, examples and even some
metaphors. A human touch to the
problems is useful in presenting the
speech. Depending on the type of
speech and occasion, you might want
to weigh the appropriateness of
emotion in the speech.
[7] Strong Opening and
Closing
• A strong opening will make an
effective and strong impression and a
good closing a useful reminder. First
impression is very effective as it has a
lasting impression on the audience. A
good closing, with a strong call to act,
can help in reinforcing and imprinting
the idea of the speech in their
memories
[8] Handouts
• A printed handout with details of the speech
can be provided to the audience after the
speech is over. A printed handout will be a
written reminder and will make the audience
more receptive to the speaker. If you plan to
hand out printed scripts of your speech or
presentation, it is advisable you inform your
audience before the speech. This will allow
focus on your presentation rather than
struggling to jot down bits of information
from your presentation as you speak. This
normally divides audiences’ attention.
[9] Simple & Short Language
• A good speech with short and simple
words to express the idea without the
use of jargons will make it easier on
the audience to grasp the idea. Simple
words and simple language will make
the speech much clearer to the
audience making it easier in retaining
the speech.
[10] Evaluate the Speech
• A good speech can be improved by
taping and listening to the
speech, before presenting it to the
audience. The writer can make
improvements in the speech with
the feedbacks to bring perfection.
"Half the world is composed of people who
have something to say but can't, and the
other half who have nothing to say but keep
on saying it." ~ Robert Frost.

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