ELECTROMAGNETIC AND WAVE THEORY

STEP 2 - TO RECOGNIZE THE ELECTRODYNAMIC AND WAVES

APPLICATIONS

WILDER ALFONSO ESPINOSA

UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL ABIERTA Y A DISTANCIA - UNAD

TELECOMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING

2018
 1. Explain the practical application of the loss tangent with an example.

R/
loss tangent

Is the relationship between the driving current and the displacement.

𝜎
𝑇𝑎𝑛𝛿 =
𝜔𝜖
𝜖 = 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦
𝜖 = 𝜖𝑟 𝜖 0
1
𝜖0 = ∗ 10−9
36𝜋
𝜎 = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦
𝜔 = 2𝜋𝑓 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦
Example

water loss tangent

𝑓 = 200𝐻𝑧
𝜎 = 1 ∗ 10−3
𝜖𝑟 = 80
1 ∗ 10−3
𝑇𝑎𝑛𝛿 = = 1125
1 −9
2𝜋 ∗ 200 ∗ 80 ∗ 36𝜋 ∗ 10

2. What kind of information give us the propagation velocity in electromagnetic

waves propagation?
R/
It provides us with information about the medium in which it is propagated, since
the speed of the electromagnetic spectrum varies according to the medium it
traverses, so we will have information on the electrical and magnetic properties
3. Explain how an electromagnetic wave behaves in free space, perfect
dielectrics and good conductors.

R/
In the free space the electromagnetic waves have an excellent behavior
since they propagate without any opposition, this makes that their power
does not diminish, which causes that they propagate very far, an example of
this is the visible light that we can detect that comes from other galaxies that
are millions of light years away, in the perfect dialects has a similar
behavior, without attenuation if it occurs due to the polarization of the
molecules of the material, this affects the electromagnetic wave, and in the
good conditions the waves they are not able to pass through them, they
behave as insulators due to the flow of electrons in these materials.

4. Using the electromagnetic spectrum, explain the practical application of

every type of radiation.
R/
Electromagnetic spectrum

Class Frequency Denomination Use

3Hz to Extremely low
ELF 300Hz frequency submarine communications

30Hz to
SLF Super-low frequency submarine communications
300Hz

300Hz to
ULF Ultra low frequency Communications in mines
3KHz

radio navigation beacons

3 kHz to 30
VLF Very Low Frequency (alpha) and time signals
kHz
(beta).

Standard time signals,

Military, Experimental
30 kHz to and amateur, Meteorological
LF Low frequency
300 kHz information broadcasts, Radio
navigation signals, Radio
broadcasting

300 kHz to 3
MF Medium frequency broadcasting
MHz
 Military and governmental
communication systems,
Aviation air-to-ground
communications, Amateur
radio, Shortwave international
3 MHz to 30 and regional broadcasting,
HF High frequency
MHz Maritime sea-to-shore
services, Over-the-horizon
radar systems, Global
Maritime Distress and Safety
System (GMDSS)
communication

Television, FM broadcasting,
30 MHz to
VHF Very high frequency air band, satellites, inter-ship
300 MHz
communications and maritime
traffic control.

300 MHz to
UHF Ultrahigh frequency television, mobile phone, wifi
3 GHz

Some uses are IEEE 802.11a

3 GHz to 30 / b / g / n / ac Wireless LANs,
SHF Super-high frequency
GHz Satellite Up and Down, and
high-speed land links

Scientific research,
Telecommunications,
30 GHz to Extremely high
EHF Weapons systems, Security
300 GHz frequency
screening, Thickness gauging,
Medicine, Police speed radar

5. What is the refraction index and what kind of information give us about the
electromagnetic waves behavior?

R/
The index of refraction is the quotient of the speed of light in the vacuum
and the speed of light in the medium whose index is calculated and gives us
information about the trajectory of the incident wave

6. What is a plane wave and a non-plane wave and where are they used?
What is a magnetic and a nonmagnetic medium and where are they used?
Why do we use plane waves to explain practical models associated to
electromagnetic phenomenon?
 R/

Is a wave of constant frequency whose wave fronts (surfaces with constant phase)
are parallel planes of constant amplitude normal to the vector phase velocity,
A magnetic medium is a device that allows to store information using waves, they
are used to store information. Flat waves are used because they are easier to
analyze.
 Bibliographic references

Chen, W. (2005). The Electrical Engineering Handbook. Boston: Academic Press.

513-519. Retrieved from
http://bibliotecavirtual.unad.edu.co:2048/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/logi
n.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=117152&lang=es&site=ehost-
live&ebv=EB&ppid=pp_513
Wilmer Hernan Gutierrez Ramos. (7 of December 2015). Caracterización de un
medio. [video file]. recovered from:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EtSjveRJ1CE