EEE 51 Assignment 6

2nd Semester SY 2015-2016

1. Multistage Amplier. Assume β = 100  1, |VBE | = 0.7V , |VDD | = 5V , and that there is no Early eect.
Also, we want our input and output DC voltages to be 0V .

Figure 1

(a) Determine all DC collector currents through each transistor.

By observation, we see that the circuit is a 4-stage dierential to single-ended amplier with current
bias transistors Q7-Q9. Starting from the current mirror, our KCL equation gives us,
0 − 0.7 + 5
IC7 = = 467.4µA
9.2K
Since Q7 is a current mirror, we get,

IC7 = IC8 = IC9 = 467.4µA

Since Q1-4 are dierential, we can assume that IC1 = IC2 = ICi/2 and IC1 = IC2 = IC9/2, yielding the
following values:
IC1 = IC2 = 233.7µA
IC3 = IC4 = 233.7µA
For the emitter-degenerated common-emitter stage (Q5), we get the KCL equation,
Vo,dc + VBE,6 + VDD 5.7
IC5 = I4.4K = = = 1.295mA
4.4K 4.4K
And for the last stage,
Vo,dc + VDD
IC6 = = 3.704mA
1.35K

1
(b) Given Vx = 4V and Vy = 2V , what are the values of resistors R1 , R2 and R3 ?
Since we have all collector currents, we can easily obtain the values of the resistances.
VDD − 4V
R1 = = 4.28KΩ
IC1

VDD − 2V
R2 = = 12.8KΩ
IC3

VDD − VBE,5 − Vy
R3 = = 1.78KΩ
IC5

(c) Find the gain Av with loading between stages. You may assume the current sources to be ideal. (BONUS:
consider loading of the current mirrors)
Referring to each of the stages of the amplier from 1 to 4, we arrive at the expression for the overall
gain:
 
Ri2 1 Ri3 Ri4
Av = Av1 Av2 Av3 Av4
Ri2 + Ro1 2 Ri3 + Ro2/2 Ri4 + Ro3

We only consider half of Av2 and Ro2 since the next stage only draws from half of the dierential circuit
in stage 2. Disregarding the early eect, we assume VA  1. Thus, ro = VA/IC,,Q is very large. For the
input dierential stage 1 (Q1 & Q2), we get the following terms:

Ro1 = 2 (ro1 kR1 ) ≈ 2R1 = 8.56KΩ

IC1
A1 = −gm1 (ro1 kR1 ) = − (ro1 kR1 ) = −38.47
VT

Next, we determine the gain, input and output resistances of the 2nd stage (Q3 & Q4):
2βVT
Ri2 = rπ3 + rπ4 = 2rπ3 = = 22.25KΩ
IC3

Ro2 ≈ 2R2 = 25.6KΩ

IC3 IC3
A2 = − (ro3 kR2 ) ≈ − R2 = −115
VT VT

Then for the 3rd stage (Q5), the following are values of the emitter-degenerated common-emitter am-
plier:

Ri3 ≈ R3 = 1.78KΩ

Ro3 ≈ 4.4KΩ
IC5 4.4K
Av3 = − · = −2.44
VT 1 + R3 IC5/VT

2
For the emitter-follower stage (Q6), we nd the gain and input resistance:
βVT
Ri4 = rπ6 = = 702Ω
IC6

IC6 1.35K
A2 = · = 0.99 ≈ 1
VT 1 + IC6/VT (1.35K)

The overall gain is,

     
22.25K −115 1.78K 702
Av = (−38.47) (−2.44) (1)
22.25K + 8.56K 2 1.78K + 25.6K/2 702 + 4.4K

Av = −65.47V /V

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2. Review of Frequency Response. For each of the following subgures,

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

Figure 2

(a) Determine the transfer function.

(b) Plot the magnitude and phase response.

Figure (a):
R2 k1/sC
Vo = Vi
R2 k1/sC + R1

Vo R2 R2 1
Av (s) = = = ·
Vi R1 + R2 + sR1 R2 C R1 + R2 1 + sC RR1+R
R2
1 2

The transfer function is,

R2 1
Av (s) = ·
R1 + R2 1 + j ωωp

where ωp = 1/C(R1 kR2 ).

The magnitude and phase can be expressed as:

s
R2 1
|Av (s)| =
R1 + R2 1 + (ω/ωp )2
 
−1 ω
∠Av (s) = −tan
ωp

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Figure (b)
R2
Vo = Vi
R1 k1/sC + R2

Vo R2 (1 + sCR1 )
Av (s) = =
Vi R1 + R2 + sR1 R2 C

R2 1 + sCR1
= ·
R1 + R2 1 + sC RR1+R
R2
1 2

The transfer function is,

R2 1 + j ωωz
Av (s) = ·
R1 + R2 1 + j ωωp

where ωz = 1/CR1 and ωp = 1/C(R1 kR2 ).

Note that Av (ω = 0) = R2
R1 +R2 and Av (ω → ∞) = 1. The magnitude and phase can be expressed as,
s
R2 1 + (ω/ωz )2
|Av (s)| =
R1 + R21 + (ω/ωp )2
   
−1 ω −1 ω
∠Av (s) = tan − tan
ωz ωp

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Figure (c):
R2 ksL
Vo = Vi
R2 ksL + R1

Vo sL R2 s
Av (s) = = R1
= ·
Vi R1 + sL + sL R2 R1 + R2 s + (R1 kR2 ) L

R2 s R1LkR2
= ·
R1 + R2 1 + s R LkR
1 2

The transfer function is,

R2 j ωωz
Av (s) = ·
R1 + R2 1 + j ωωp

where ωp = R1 kR2/L.

The magnitude and phase response can be expressed as,

s
R2 (ω/ωz )2
|Av (s)| =
R1 + R21 + (ω/ωp )2
 
π −1 ω
∠Av (s) = − tan
2 ωp

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Figure (d):
R2 k sC1 2
Vo = Vi
R1 k sC1 1 + R2 k sC1 2

R2
Vo 1+sC2 R2 R2 (1 + sC1 R1 )
Av (s) = = R1 R2
=
Vi 1+sC1 R1 + 1+sC2 R2
R1 (1 + sC2 R2 ) + R2 (1 + sC1 R1 )

R2 1 + sC1 R1
= ·
R1 + R2 1 + s (C1 + C2 ) (R1 kR2 )

The transfer function is,

R2 1 + j ωωz
Av (s) = ·
R1 + R2 1 + j ωωp

where ωz = 1/C1 R1 and ωp = (C1 +C2 )(R1 kR2 ) .

1

The magnitude and phase response can be expressed as,

s
R2 1 + (ω/ωz )2
|Av (s)| =
1 + (ω/ωp )2
R1 + R2
   
−1 ω −1 ω
∠Av (s) = tan − tan
ωz ωp

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Depending on the values of R1 , R2 , C1 and C2 , there are two possible frequency plots,