Frequently Asked Questions

[Although this document is invoked from the Derivations module, which at one time was the only module, the
Questions are mostly not specific to the Derivations module but rather concern general matters involving the
use of LOGIC 2010.]

Q1: What is the difference between saving, submitting, and backing up?
Q2: Are there keystrokes to enter logic symbols without having to use the mouse?
Q3: Is there a way to keep the list of keystrokes before me while I work in the program?
Q4: The ? window is too small. How can I make it bigger?
Q5: Why aren't all the rules listed in the right-click, Justification Tool Box?
Q6: Sometimes I do lots of standard things I've been taught to do on a derivation, but it isn't
completed. Why don't I get partial credit e.g. for choosing to show a conditional and using
ass cd?
Q7: Sometimes I get part way through a derivation and find that an earlier part needs correcting.
How can I correct the earlier part without losing the later part which I want to keep?
Q8: What is the difference between a "Parse error" and a "Lexical error".
Q9: The blue (with yellow) screen hurts my eyes, and looks ugly. How can I change to more normal
colors? (Maybe like the one the instructor projects in class.)?
Q10: Printing is very expensive in the labs, is there a way to reduce the cost?
Q11: I often can't find the answer to my question in the Help file.
Q12: Sometimes the Tool Box will be partly obscured because it goes off the bottom of the screen.
How can I see the whole Tool Box?
Q13: In Command Mode, when I press Enter to give the command to Box and Cancel, I generate a
new, often unwanted, line. How can I stop this from happening?
Q14: Sometimes the tutors don't know how to do a problem. Is there someone they can contact so
then they can help us?
Q15: Why can't we take tests using the computer?
Q16: Where do I get advice on what the next step should be, if I am stuck?
Q17: How do I get rid of blank lines? Can I delete more than one at a time?
Q18: Where do you get the questions for the FAQ?
Q19: How can I add a Show above an already existing sequence of lines, and make the lines
subordinate to the new Show line?
Q20: Why can't we use the program on a MAC?
Q21: Why do the wrong logic symbols show up on my screen?
Q22: If I submit more than one version of a problem, how does the program decide which version to
count and post on my Assignments page?
Q23: Should I submit incomplete work?
Q24: Why do only red marks come up on the Assignments page when I submit my homework? I
submitted it already many time but when I check the Assignments page to see if it received it,
only red marks come up. Why is it not receiving the problems?
Q25: When does late work show up on the Assignment page?

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Q26: I did the problems and submitted them, but they didn’t show up on my Assignments page. Is
there a delay in the Internet receiving and displaying this information or does this mean it did
not receive the submission?
Q27: I originally Registered in LOGIC 2010 using the wrong SID. I have now Registered again with
my correct SID. How do I get rid of the original registration and move my work to my correct
SID?
Q28: I can't open the derivation module [or some other module]. When I click the Derivation button
[or another module button] on the Menu, a message pops up that says "File corrupted: ...”.
Q29: In the Symbolization module, why do I keep getting Incomplete for symbolizations that I think
are Correct and are certainly complete? There is no more to do and the correct answer shows
up in the line above the problem.

=========================== ANSWERS ==========================

Q1: What is the difference between saving, submitting, and backing up?

A1: When you SAVE, you store your work on a particular problem in the Work folder on the
computer you are using. This folder is created when you download the LOGIC 2010
program.

When you SUBMIT, you send one or more problems, including your work on them,
over the Internet to the LOGIC 2010 database, where your work can be correlated with
the Assignments that your instructor has created.

You must SAVE your work in order to SUBMIT it, and you must SUBMIT your work in
order to get CREDIT for it.

When you BACK UP, your entire Work folder is sent over the Internet to the LOGIC
2010 database. When you Restore, you select one of the three Backups that we hold
(usually the latest) to be downloaded to the Work folder on your current computer. In
addition to providing secure storage, Backing Up to our database from one computer
and then Restoring your work to another computer allows you to move between
computers without losing any work. The database preserves your last three Backups
(in case one of them becomes corrupted).

Q2: Are there keystrokes to enter logic symbols without having to use the mouse?

A2: Yes. There are keystrokes to do just about everything you can do with a mouse. You
can find them in the on-line Help (click the Help button). You can also hover the
mouse over buttons in the Toolboxes to see the corresponding keystrokes.

Q3: Is there a way to keep the list of keystrokes before me while I work in the program?

A3: Yes. Because the Help screen is generated by a separate program, you can open the
on-line Help, scroll to the section on Keyboard Shortcuts, and leave it on your screen
while you jump back to the logic program using Windows' Alt+Tab key

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 combination. The Alt+Tab key combination allows you to jump between any
programs that are running simultaneously.

Q4: The ? window is too small. How can I make it bigger?

A4: The Explanation window, invoked by the ? button, can be moved and resized in
exactly the same way that any other Windows window can be, by putting the mouse in
the dark blue Title Bar, and dragging it to move the window, or by grabbing any edge
with the mouse and dragging it to resize the window. Once moved or resized, the
Explanation window will retain its size and location for the remainder of the session.

Q5: Why aren't all the rules listed in the right-click, Justification Tool Box?

A5: To avoid confusion, we list only the rules that are relevant for the level of problem you
are working on.

Q6: Sometimes I do lots of standard things I've been taught to do on a derivation, but it
isn't completed. Why don't I get partial credit e.g. for choosing to show a conditional
and using ass cd?

A6: LOGIC 2010 makes the fundamental distinction between Correct and Incorrect (or
Incomplete) derivations. If you feel you deserve partial credit for an Incorrect
derivation, you can print your work and turn in the printout to your instructor. At
UCLA we do read printouts of exam problems for possible partial credit (though we
rarely give partial credit).

Q7: Sometimes I get part way through a derivation and find that an earlier part needs
correcting. How can I correct the earlier part without losing the later part which I want
to keep?

A7: In some cases this is easy to do, for example, you can just rewrite a line even a Show
line. And you can add lines by using Enter and delete lines by using Alt+Delete.
The tricky part is when you need to remove or add a Show line, and when you need to
move lines to the right or to the left in order to line them up under the correct Show
line. To remove or add a Show line, put the cursor in the line, and use
Ctrl+Shift+S. To move a line to the right, put the cursor in the line, and use
Alt+RightArrow. To move a line to the left, put the cursor in the line, and use
Alt+LeftArrow. You can also add or remove a box by using Ctrl+Shift+X.
Also See Q19 below for a special case..

Q8: What is the difference between a "Parse error" and a "Lexical error".

A8: Parse errors are grammatical errors; the string of symbols is not put together
correctly, for example, "P~" contains a parse error. Lexical errors are errors in the

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 lexicon of symbols; the string contains a character that is not even one of the symbols
of our language. For example, "$P" contains a lexical error because "$" is not a
symbol of our symbolic language. However, it must be admitted, the parser
sometimes makes mistakes. Remember, to err is software, to forgive, divine.

Q9: The blue (with yellow) screen hurts my eyes, and looks ugly. How can I change to
more normal colors? (Maybe like the one the instructor projects in class.)?

A9: It is not possible for a user of LOGIC 2010 to adjust the colors. The large type, black
and white PROJECTOR version of the program that some instructors use is not
available to students. May we suggest colored glasses?

Q10: Printing is very expensive in the labs, is there a way to reduce the cost?

A10: The whole system of submissions over the Internet was motivated, in part, by a desire
to avoid these expenses. Originally, all student work was submitted through
printouts. Originally, the program only ran in a lab. Now that it runs everywhere, you
can choose to print at a less expensive location.

Q11: I often can't find the answer to my question in the Help file.

A11: If you will write to us (using the Suggestion Box), we will try to add a section on the
topic.

Q12: Sometimes the Tool Box will be partly obscured because it goes off the bottom of the
screen. How can I see the whole Tool Box?

A12: If you scroll the derivation down as far as it will go, even the bottom line will produce
a Tool Box that is completely visible. Also, you can always drag the Tool Box to
another position.

Q13: In Command Mode, when I press Enter to give the command to Box and Cancel, I
generate a new, often unwanted, line. How can I stop this from happening?

A13: By using Shift+Enter, which overrides anything already written on the line, but does
not add an additional line. Some people always use Shift+Enter in Command Mode.
The Help has a complete description of all the Enter key combinations and how they
work in Command Mode.

Q14: Sometimes the tutors don't know how to do a problem. Is there someone they can
contact so then they can help us?

A14: Sometimes instructors don’t know how to do a problem. But instructors, TAs, and
other tutors are usually the best sources of help. At UCLA every LOGIC 2010 course

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 has a Discussion Board on which students can ask for a hint and get it from the
instructor, TA or often from other students. The Feedback button will send a message
to the instructor and to the authors of the program, but be sure to include a return
address if you want a reply. (Feedback is designed for anonymous comments.) And
don’t expect an instantaneous reply.

Q15: Why can't we take tests using the computer?

A15: At UCLA we do give our exams on the computer in computer labs. But the logistics of
finding and reserving an adequate space, protecting against cheating by screening off
each workstation, and dealing with everyone submitting and printing at once is
exceedingly difficult. In the end, of course, students need to learn to do derivations
when they don’t have LOGIC 2010 running. For students who will take paper and
pencil exams (which we call BB or Blue Book exams), we strongly recommend that
you practice on the 700 series problems available in each module. These problem aim
to simulate the conditions of a BB exam while still providing the benefits of automated
correction.

Q16: Where do I get advice on what the next step should be, if I am stuck?

A16: Within LOGIC 2010 there is “Strategic Advice” invoked by the Advice button. (You
may wish to print this document.) In the TerryText, search for “strategies”.

Q17: How do I get rid of blank lines? Can I delete more than one at a time?

A17: You can delete a line most easily by putting the cursor in the line to be deleted and
pressing Alt+Delete. You cannot delete more than one line at a time. Note that
when you delete a line, the program renumbers the remaining lines, and recalculates
the references to renumbered lines. Pretty smart, huh?

Q18: Where do you get the questions for the FAQ?

A18: From the Feedback, from Student Evaluation Forms, from instructors, TAs, etc.

Q19: How can I add a Show above an already existing sequence of lines, and make the
lines subordinate to the new Show line?

A19: The following steps will work provided that (A) the top and bottom line of the
sequence are of equal indentation, and (B) there is no intermediate line that has less
indentation, i.e. is further to the left.
1) Put the cursor in the line immediately above the top line of the sequence.
(If the top line is line 1, put the cursor in the Problem line.)
2) Press Alt+Enter to add a new blank line.
3) Press Ctrl+Shift+S to make the new line a Show line.

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 4) Put the cursor in the bottom line of the sequence, and press Alt+RightArrow.
(This should highlight the “Show” in the new Show line, indicating that the line
containing the cursor is subordinate to that Show line.)
5) Go back and enter the appropriate formula in the WFF field of the new Show line.

Q20: Why can't we use the program on a MAC?

A20: This entirely rewritten program should run on most operating systems.

Q21: Why do the wrong logic symbols show up on my screen?

A21: The problem is probably your windows system locale. Go to control panel->regional
and language options->administrative->change system locale. If it's set to an Asian
language, change it to English, let the PC reboot, and run Logic2K again. This is a
common problem with users whose computers are set to an Asian language, which
use a different and longer format for representing characters. We hope that the next
version of our software will avoid this problem by using Unicode.

Q22: If I submit more than one version of a problem, how does the program decide which
version to count and post on my Assignments page?

A22: For a given Assignment, the last version submitted before the due date and time of
the Assignment is the one that counts. If no version is submitted before the due date
and time, then the most recent submission is the one that counts. All submissions
after the due date and time are marked, in red, as Late and assigned 0 points
irrespective of whether they are Correct or not. But see A23-A25.

Q23: Should I submit incomplete work?

A23: In general, No. An Incorrect submissions does show that you attempted the problem.
However, if you submit an Incorrect version of a problem before the due date and time
for the Assignment, that submission will block any late but correct submissions from
showing up. Like you, your instructor can see when you submitted a Late but Correct
version of a problem, if it is not blocked. Although LOGIC 2010 automatically assigns
0 points for late work, if your instructor can see that you submitted a Correct but Late
version of the problem, he or she might decide, depending on why the work was late,
to give you credit for it. So you have to decide whether it is better to show that you
attempted the problem before the deadline or to show that you were able to do the
problem after the deadline. You can’t do both. We suggest that you ask what your
instructor prefers.

Q24: Why do only red marks come up on the Assignments page when I submit my
homework? I submitted it already many time but when I check the Assignments page
to see if it received it, only red marks come up. Why is it not receiving the problems?

A24: Your submissions are late, i.e. past the due date and time for the assignment. Here is
how late submissions are treated. Once the deadline on an assignment has passed,
the program will mark any first-time submissions of that problem as late and assign 0
points. A first-time submission means that no version of that particular problem was

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 submitted before the deadline. Late submissions show up in red. A red submission
date indicates that the earliest submission was late. CL means Correct but Late. L
means Late and Not Correct. An Incorrect late submission, marked L, can be
overwritten by a later Correct submission, marked CL.

Your instructor has the ability, in individual cases and on particular problems, to give
credit for CL submissions.

If you made a submission for that problem before the deadline, even one with no or
little work completed, the program will not update your submission after the deadline.
So if you submitted an incomplete problems before the deadline, it will not overwrite
those scores even if you submit a correct version late. If your first submission for that
problem is after the deadline, it will show, in red, whether or not your most recent
submission is correct.

Q25: When does late work show up on the Assignment page?

A25: This depends on whether you made an on-time submission of that problem. See A22
for the details of how late work is scored. Briefly, if you made any submission for that
problem before the deadline, even one with no or little work completed, the last such
submission is the one that counts and the program will not update your score on that
problem after the deadline. If your first submission for that problem is after the
deadline, it will show, in red, whether or not your most recent submission is correct.

Q26: I did the problems and submitted them, but they didn’t show up on my Assignments
page. Is there a delay in the Internet receiving and displaying this information or does
this mean it did not receive the submission?

A26: Logic 2010 reports during the submission process when a submission has been
received. The only delay between receiving and displaying the information is the time
it takes for your browser to refresh your Assignments page. Did you remember to
refresh your Assignments page? Another possibility is that you are submitting Late
work when you have already made an on-time submission. Once you have made a
submission for a given problem before the deadline, even one with no or little work
completed, the last such submission is the one that counts and the program will not
update your score on that problem after the deadline. See A22-A25.

A third possibility that occurs from time to time is that a student submits to the wrong
course. Check carefully that the course information is correct when you are asked to
verify it during the submission process. A fourth possibility that sometimes occurs is
that a student has Registered with LOGIC 2010 twice using two different SIDs and
submits under one SID and invokes the Assignments page under the other. See A 27.

Q27: I originally Registered in LOGIC 2010 using the wrong SID. I have now Registered
again with my correct SID. How do I get rid of the original registration and move my
work to my correct SID?

A27: Have your instructor write to us.

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Q28: I can't open the derivation module [or some other module]. When I click the
Derivation button [or another module button] on the Menu, a message pops up that
says "File corrupted: ...”.

A28: First of all, never use Backup when you have a corrupted work file. The "File
corrupted: ...” message is generated when the information in your work file for that
particular module does not match your User information. It usually indicates that your
work file has been edited in an illegal way or someone has copied another person's
work file to your work directory. Use Quit to close the program completely, do not use
Backup, reboot your computer, and try again. If that does not work, use Delete
Work/Quit, and Restore from your most recent Backup. If that Backup is also
corrupted, use Delete Work/Quit again, and Restore from an earlier Backup. You may
need to go to your oldest Backup to find one that is not corrupted. This usually
solves the problem although you will lose any work that was saved after the earlier
Backup was created. In an acute situation you can ask your instructor to send us
your entire corrupted Work folder, and we can attempt to restore it. But generally it is
quicker for you to just to redo the missing work.

Q29: In the Symbolization module, why do I keep getting Incomplete for symbolizations
that I think are Correct and are certainly complete? There is no more to do and the
correct answer shows up in the line above the problem.

A29: Probably because you are entering the sentence letters directly into the text box
without first choosing “Atomic” from the dropdown list. The symbolizations of atomic
formulas MUST be entered through the “Atomic Expression” pop-up window;
otherwise they will not be recognized by LOGIC 2010.

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