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CHARGINHG SYSTEM
INTRODUCTION
The charging system includes the alternator regulator and battery with
connecting wires.
a) A magnetic field
b) Conductors which can move so as cut the flux.
When the electricity by a coil is
supplied through slip rings and
brushes, the amount of current
flowing to the lamp will change and
at the same time so will direction of
flow.
Stator
Diodes
Several types of alternator regulators that are mounted outside the alternator
have been used. The regulator limits alternator voltage by controlling the
amount of current flowing in the alternator field or the regulator reduces the
field current. This prevents excessive voltage.
In this regulator a resistor (R) is connected in series with the field coil (F) of
the rotor. This resistance is by passed by the points while the engine is
running at low speed. Because the magnetic coil is weak and the points
remain closed when the voltage of the alternator is strong the points open and
current passed through the resistor and the field coil current is reduced and
the voltage of the alternator reduces and points close. In this manner the
voltage is stabilized by this type of regulator.
However, one point type regulator is not used very often in present day
automobiles be cause of the following disadvantage.
The characteristic of the two-point type regulator is that it has both low speed
and high speed operating ranges.
At low speed, the moving point opens and closes the low speed point (P1) in
the same manner as the point make and break contact with the high speed
point and field current ceases to flow and the voltage out put of alternator
decrease as a result the moving point closes with P1 and this cycle is
repeated.
But the disadvantage of this type of regulator is the voltage drop due to the
hysterics effect when changing from the high-speed side to low speed side.
Nevertheless. Compared to the one point type, the resistance can be made
smaller so there is less sparking so there is a longer life of the points.
B. The temperature
characteristics
When the ignition switch is turned on field current from the battery flows to the
rotor and excites the rotor coil. At the same time, battery current also flows to
the charge warning lamp and the lamp comes on.
The integrated circuit regulator is compact and light weight and excellent
reliability due to its lack of mechanical points compared with the point type, it
has the following features.
Advantage
1. A narrower out put voltage range and little variation with time
2. Good resistance to vibration and high durability due to lack of
moving parts
3. Voltage out put becomes lower as its temperature rises, hence
proper charging of the battery can be performed.
Disadvantage
Susceptible to unusually high voltage and temperatures.