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Social Research
search implies through investigating and the term research which
has been derived from the French word recherché re and churche means
to critical examination of a topic or subject to discover new facts for
increasing the sum total of human knowledge which argument to the
exiting body of organized facts, ideals and aspiration, research is
considered to be the more formal, systematical, intensive process of
carrying on the scientific method of analysis. it is the manipulation of
things concepts or symbolic for the purpose of generalizing to extend,
correct or verity knowledge, whether that knowledge aids in
construction of theory or in the practice of an art" thus research is a
systemized effort to gain new knowledge we call research.
Definition
2) Review of literatures→
Review of related literature implies the analysis of the summary of
the writings of recognised authorities and the earlier researches in
the particular area. According to j.w.best ”practically all human
knowledge can be found in books and libraries. Unlike other
aniomals ….man builds upon the accumulated and recorded
knowledge of the past. In the words of c.v.good ” the keys to the
vast store house of published literature bmay open doors to sources
of significant problems and explanatory hypothesis and provide
heplful orientation for definite of the problem, background for the
selection of procedure and comperative data for interpretation of
results.
The main sources of literature which are of immense use for the
research are books and task books, periodical encyclopaedicals;
hand books, newspapers etc.
3) Formulation of hypothesis→
The structure of hypothesis is formed taking 2 terms ‘hypo’ means
under and ‘thesis’ means reasoned theory. Some are hypothesis
testing studies and some others are hypothesis formulating studies.
The exploratory studies are called hypothesis formulating studies
because such research end up with formulation of hypothesis. On
the contrary, the hypothesis testing research begin with clearly
formulated hypothesis.
8) Analysis of data→
After completion of the collection of data the researcher embarks
upon the analysis of those data . This involves a no of operation
such as establishment of catagories, the application of those
categories to raw data through coding , tabulation.
9) Testing of hypothesis →
Sociological studies don’t always generate data the confirm the
original hypothesis. In many instances a hypothesis is reported and
researcher must reformulate their conclusion. In behavioral
sciences, it is not possible to test several hypothesis directly. An
indirect test of the proposed hypothesis directly. An indirect test6
of the proposed hypothesis can only be made.
Definition of sampling
According to j. Simond “sample is a collection of observation for
which one has data to work with ”
Universe of study
The universe of study comprises all the items or individuals under
consideration in any field of inquiry. In statistical term a ‘universe’
or ‘population’ refers to the aggregate of individuals or units from
which the results and analysis are to apply. The researchers may
distinguish between the target population and survey population
so as to clearly define the universe of study.
Methods and tools of data collection
The first step in the statistical approach to a problem is the
collection of numerical facts of data. These data are the raw
material for the final statistical conclusion and the quality of data
will greatly affect the conclusion. Thus, almost importance must be
given to this process and every possible precaution should be taken
while assembling the facts. Various forms of data and the
necessary stems to be followed for collection of data.
The primary data are those which the investigator originates for the
purpose of specific enquiry in hand. Thus it is desired to study the
response of the students to the new methods of teaching and if the
relevant facts are collected by the investigator or his research work
or , such data would be termed as primary data. On the contrary,
secondary data are those which are not originated by the
investigator himself, but he obtains these from the records of
someone else . Thus if one desires to analyse the weather
condition of different regions one can get the required information
from the records of meteorology department.
1. Observation
The present chapter deals with review of literature. It tries to tooks into
the different studies conducted by sociologiest, economist economist and
other scholar on the tribers living in different parts of india.