Welding strip

Welding strip
Ferrite content Nickel equivalent =
% Ni + 0.5 x % Mn + 30 x % C + 30 x % N
The amount of ferrite is usually indicated by means
of the ferrite number, FN. The ferrite content of the P12

weld is primarily determined by the composition of

30
the strip and the degree of dilution of the base

2 FN
FN
Features

FN
material. A high dilution gives a low ferrite level

FN
A=AUSTENITE • Simple welding method

12
which increases the risk of solidification cracking. 25
• Enhancing the corrosion and wear resistance
By using a Schaeffler-DeLong diagram, it is
• High deposition rate
possible to estimate the ferrite content of the weld
20 • Low dilution with the parent metal
metal. A+F
• Small and uniform penetration of parent metal
When strip surfacing with austenitic stainless M+A
316L 309L

steels, a ferrite content of 2–12 FN is often required to 15

308L Applications
reduce the risk of hot cracking. A ferrite content
347
%
F • Welding components to be used in temperatures
exceeding 12 FN can lead to a continuous network of 40
over 400°C, e.g. heat exchangers and hydrocrackers
ferrite, increasing the risk of sigma phase formation 10

• Chemical reactors and flanges in pulp and paper

which reduces the corrosion resistance and M=MARTENSITE M+A+F %F
100 industry
toughness. Therefore, a dilution greater than 5
• Petrochemical and offshore industry
approximately 25% is not recommendable.
M+F F=FERRITE • Hardfacing rolls in continuous casters
F
+
M
5 10 15 20 25 30
Chromium equivalent =
Product
% Cr + % Mo + 1.5 x % Si + 0.5 x % Nb Surfacing or cladding with strip electrodes is widely
used to enhance the corrosion and wear resistance of,
above all, low-alloy steels. The surfacing is either
performed at the fabrication stage or as repair weld
surfacing.
The strip electrodes are normally 0.5 mm thick and
their width is determined by the size and shape of
the components to be surfaced. The standard widths
are 30, 60 and 90 mm but wider strips can also be
used. However, the use of wider strips requires
supplementary magnetic control of the melt pool.
Information 1171EN-GB; supersedes inf. 270302GB. Teknisk information / Centrum Tryck Avesta 2004

General characteristics Flux for cladding

Submerged arc surfacing with strip electrodes is
characterised by a high deposition rate and a
relatively low dilution with the parent metal,
compared with other arc welding processes.
The dilution rate is calculated by dividing the
volume of fused parent metal by the total weld
metal volume.
Information given in this brochure may be subject to alteration without notice. The penetration of parent metal is small and
Care has been taken to ensure that the contents of this publication are accurate but Outokumpu Stainless and its subsidiary companies do
not accept responsibility for errors or for information which is found to be misleading. Suggestions for or descriptions of the end use or uniform. A normal penetration is about 1 mm
application of products or methods of working are for information only and Outokumpu Stainless and its affiliated companies accept no liability differing only slightly with travel speed. The bead
in respect thereof. Before using products supplied or manufactured by the company the customer should satisfy himself of their suitability.
thickness obtained is normally 3 to 5 mm.
Due to the high deposition rate, uniform welding
quality and the simplicity of the welding method,
strip electrode surfacing offers a number of financial
benefits.
Avesta Welding AB
P.O. Box 501
SE-774 27 Avesta, Sweden
Tel.: +46 (0)226 815 00
Fax: +46 (0)226 815 75
www.avestawelding.com
To obtain the desired weld metal composition it is
of the utmost importance to choose the right
combination of strip electrode and flux together
with optimal welding parameters.
The types of flux used for strip surfacing usually
differ slightly from wire welding fluxes, mainly in
terms of current capacity and slag density.
There are two main groups of strip surfacing flux:
agglomerated and fused. The agglomerated type
represents the modern type of strip surfacing flux.
The advantage of agglomerated flux compared to
fused flux is that the former can be alloyed. Flux is
commonly alloyed with chromium to compensate for
the losses in the arc during welding.
See data sheet ”Welding flux” for details.
Welding strip Welding strip

Strip electrodes for surfacing Welding recommendations

Normal welding parameters for a 60 x 0.5 mm strip
Chemical composition Standard designations are: current 730–770 A, voltage 26–28 V and travel
Strip Chemical composition, typical values, % Ferrite* EN 12072 AWS DIN/W.-Nr. speed 120–150 mm/min.
electrode C Si Mn Cr Ni Others content Increased current increases the deposition rate,
Austenitic penetration, dilution and weld metal temperature
309L 0.01 0.3 1.8 23.5 13 – 15 FN 23 12 L EQ309L 1.4332 considerably. To minimise the dilution, within a
309LNb 0.02 0.2 2.2 23.5 12.5 Nb 0.75 18 FN 23 12 LNb – 1.4556
308L 0.01 0.4 1.0 19 10 – 11 FN (19 9 L) – –
certain current, the travel speed should be held at a
316L 0.01 0.3 1.8 18.5 12.5 Mo 3 6 FN 19 12 3 L EQ316L 1.4430 reasonably low level, <150 mm/min. The stick-out is
347 0.01 0.2 1.8 19.5 10.5 Nb 0.5 9 FN 19 9 Nb EQ347 1.4551 typically about 30 mm.
Special Direct current, positive polarity gives a smooth
P12** 0.01 0.1 0.1 22 bal. Mo 9; Nb 3.5 0 FN – NiCrMo-3 2.4831 overlapping and the best bead appearance. Negative
Hardfacing polarity may also be used, offering an increased
420L** 0.2 0.3 0.6 13 <0.5 – – – – – deposition rate and less penetration, but at the
expense of an inferior bead appearance.
** According to Schaeffler-DeLong
** Non stock standard, information on request. Since strip surfacing produces a high heat input
(typically 6–30 kJ/mm) the parent metal needs to be
reasonably thick to ensure dimensional stability Microstructure:
Available sizes and packing data 309LNb and 347 interface between mild steel and weld overlay of 309L.
during welding. A thickness of 100 mm and more is
The strips are delivered in coils weighing between A Nb-stabilised weld deposit is often necessary when often required. When surfacing curved objects, care
25 and 600 kg with an inner diameter of 300 mm. the welded component is to be used in temperatures must be taken to prevent the melt pool and flux from
Standard coil weight is 25 kg; other weights on exceeding 400°C. Typical applications include heat running. Welding procedure used for the table below:
request. The standard thickness is 0.50 mm. The coils exchangers and hydrocrackers. • Base metal: mild steel 0.2% C
are packed in wooden boxes labelled with all To obtain a 347 deposit in a single layer, 309LNb • Strip dimension: 60 x 0.5 mm
required information: Avesta Welding name, lot should be used. If a two-layer deposit is required, Weld overlay description • Welding parameters: Current: 730 – 750 A
number, AWS specification, size and weight. the first layer could be either 309L or 309LNb and In the table below, typical values for the chemical Voltage: 27 – 28 V
Strip width is normally 30, 60 or 90 mm. Other the second layer should be 347. composition and ferrite contents of the weld metal Travel speed: 120 – 140 mm/min
dimensions can be supplied on request. are shown. These values are measured on the top • Deposition rate: 12 – 15 kg/h
308L layer. • Weld overlay thickness: 3.5 – 4.0 mm
Thickness tolerance: ± 0.05 mm The 308L weld deposit offers good resistance to
Width tolerance: ± 0.25 mm uniform corrosion. A two-layer deposit is often
Inner coil diameter: 300 + 5 mm required to ensure that the weld has a sufficiently
high alloy content. To achieve this, the first layer
Additional information should be welded using 309L.
Further information on Avesta Welding products Weld metal composition
316L
can be found in printed matter, such as Strip Layer Flux Chemical composition, typical values, %, weld metal Ferrite content
316L produces a low carbon Mo-alloyed type 18/8/3
• Welding Handbook electrode C Si Mn Cr Ni Others FN* %**
weld metal with increased corrosion resistance
• Data sheets Austenitic
compared to an 18/8 deposit. Examples of 309L 1. 309L 301 0.03 0.5 1.2 19.0 10.5 – 5 5
• “How to weld...” (series of brochures covering
applications include chemical reactors and flanges 309LNb 1. 309LNb 301 0.04 0.5 1.3 19.5 10.5 Nb 0.60 6 5
Outokumpu Stainless special grades)
for the pulp and paper industry. 2. 347 301 0.02 0.5 1.2 19.0 10.5 Nb 0.35 7 6
and on the web site www.avestawelding.com
308L 1. 309L 301 0.03 0.5 1.2 19.0 10.5 – 5 5
P12
2. 308L 301 0.02 0.6 0.8 18.5 10.5 – 7 6
P12 is a nickel base strip corresponding to Alloy 625.
316L 1. 309L 301 0.03 0.5 1.2 19.0 10.5 – 5 5
Applications The combination of high molybdenum and low 2. 316L 301 0.02 0.5 1.2 18.0 12.0 Mo 2.3 6 5
carbon content gives the weld metal an extremely 347 1. 309L 301 0.03 0.5 1.2 19.0 10.5 – 5 5
309L
high resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion in 2. 347 301 0.02 0.5 1.2 19.0 11.0 Nb 0.35 7 6
Strip 309L is mostly used as first layer strip when
chloride-containing environments. This makes it Special
surfacing carbon steel. A weld deposit with a type
suitable for use in chemical, petrochemical and P12 1. P12 Special 0.03 1.0 0.4 18.4 56 Mo 8.0/Nb 2.5 0 0
304 analysis can be achieved. The chromium and 2. P12 Special 0.02 1.1 0.4 20.2 62 Mo 9.0/Nb 2.7 0 0
offshore industry applications.
nickel contents of the strip are balanced so that a Hardfacing Hardness Vickers***
minimum ferrite content of 5% is achieved if normal 420L 420L 1. 420L 801 0.14 0.4 0.3 13.4 – – 470
welding parameters are used. The risk of solidification 420L is a martensitic strip used, among other things, 2. 420L 801 0.15 0.5 0.4 13.4 – – 490
cracking is therefore very small. The low carbon for hardfacing rolls in continuous casters. The weld
*** Ferrite according to Schaeffler-DeLong.
content in the strip typically produces a weld deposit metal should normally be heat treated before *** Ferrite measured in % using Fischer Feritscope® MP-3.
with a carbon level of less than 0.04%. machining. *** HV 10, no heat treatment.

2(4) 3(4)
Welding strip Welding strip

Strip electrodes for surfacing Welding recommendations

Normal welding parameters for a 60 x 0.5 mm strip
Chemical composition Standard designations are: current 730–770 A, voltage 26–28 V and travel
Strip Chemical composition, typical values, % Ferrite* EN 12072 AWS DIN/W.-Nr. speed 120–150 mm/min.
electrode C Si Mn Cr Ni Others content Increased current increases the deposition rate,
Austenitic penetration, dilution and weld metal temperature
309L 0.01 0.3 1.8 23.5 13 – 15 FN 23 12 L EQ309L 1.4332 considerably. To minimise the dilution, within a
309LNb 0.02 0.2 2.2 23.5 12.5 Nb 0.75 18 FN 23 12 LNb – 1.4556
308L 0.01 0.4 1.0 19 10 – 11 FN (19 9 L) – –
certain current, the travel speed should be held at a
316L 0.01 0.3 1.8 18.5 12.5 Mo 3 6 FN 19 12 3 L EQ316L 1.4430 reasonably low level, <150 mm/min. The stick-out is
347 0.01 0.2 1.8 19.5 10.5 Nb 0.5 9 FN 19 9 Nb EQ347 1.4551 typically about 30 mm.
Special Direct current, positive polarity gives a smooth
P12** 0.01 0.1 0.1 22 bal. Mo 9; Nb 3.5 0 FN – NiCrMo-3 2.4831 overlapping and the best bead appearance. Negative
Hardfacing polarity may also be used, offering an increased
420L** 0.2 0.3 0.6 13 <0.5 – – – – – deposition rate and less penetration, but at the
expense of an inferior bead appearance.
** According to Schaeffler-DeLong
** Non stock standard, information on request. Since strip surfacing produces a high heat input
(typically 6–30 kJ/mm) the parent metal needs to be
reasonably thick to ensure dimensional stability Microstructure:
Available sizes and packing data 309LNb and 347 interface between mild steel and weld overlay of 309L.
during welding. A thickness of 100 mm and more is
The strips are delivered in coils weighing between A Nb-stabilised weld deposit is often necessary when often required. When surfacing curved objects, care
25 and 600 kg with an inner diameter of 300 mm. the welded component is to be used in temperatures must be taken to prevent the melt pool and flux from
Standard coil weight is 25 kg; other weights on exceeding 400°C. Typical applications include heat running. Welding procedure used for the table below:
request. The standard thickness is 0.50 mm. The coils exchangers and hydrocrackers. • Base metal: mild steel 0.2% C
are packed in wooden boxes labelled with all To obtain a 347 deposit in a single layer, 309LNb • Strip dimension: 60 x 0.5 mm
required information: Avesta Welding name, lot should be used. If a two-layer deposit is required, Weld overlay description • Welding parameters: Current: 730 – 750 A
number, AWS specification, size and weight. the first layer could be either 309L or 309LNb and In the table below, typical values for the chemical Voltage: 27 – 28 V
Strip width is normally 30, 60 or 90 mm. Other the second layer should be 347. composition and ferrite contents of the weld metal Travel speed: 120 – 140 mm/min
dimensions can be supplied on request. are shown. These values are measured on the top • Deposition rate: 12 – 15 kg/h
308L layer. • Weld overlay thickness: 3.5 – 4.0 mm
Thickness tolerance: ± 0.05 mm The 308L weld deposit offers good resistance to
Width tolerance: ± 0.25 mm uniform corrosion. A two-layer deposit is often
Inner coil diameter: 300 + 5 mm required to ensure that the weld has a sufficiently
high alloy content. To achieve this, the first layer
Additional information should be welded using 309L.
Further information on Avesta Welding products Weld metal composition
316L
can be found in printed matter, such as Strip Layer Flux Chemical composition, typical values, %, weld metal Ferrite content
316L produces a low carbon Mo-alloyed type 18/8/3
• Welding Handbook electrode C Si Mn Cr Ni Others FN* %**
weld metal with increased corrosion resistance
• Data sheets Austenitic
compared to an 18/8 deposit. Examples of 309L 1. 309L 301 0.03 0.5 1.2 19.0 10.5 – 5 5
• “How to weld...” (series of brochures covering
applications include chemical reactors and flanges 309LNb 1. 309LNb 301 0.04 0.5 1.3 19.5 10.5 Nb 0.60 6 5
Outokumpu Stainless special grades)
for the pulp and paper industry. 2. 347 301 0.02 0.5 1.2 19.0 10.5 Nb 0.35 7 6
and on the web site www.avestawelding.com
308L 1. 309L 301 0.03 0.5 1.2 19.0 10.5 – 5 5
P12
2. 308L 301 0.02 0.6 0.8 18.5 10.5 – 7 6
P12 is a nickel base strip corresponding to Alloy 625.
316L 1. 309L 301 0.03 0.5 1.2 19.0 10.5 – 5 5
Applications The combination of high molybdenum and low 2. 316L 301 0.02 0.5 1.2 18.0 12.0 Mo 2.3 6 5
carbon content gives the weld metal an extremely 347 1. 309L 301 0.03 0.5 1.2 19.0 10.5 – 5 5
309L
high resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion in 2. 347 301 0.02 0.5 1.2 19.0 11.0 Nb 0.35 7 6
Strip 309L is mostly used as first layer strip when
chloride-containing environments. This makes it Special
surfacing carbon steel. A weld deposit with a type
suitable for use in chemical, petrochemical and P12 1. P12 Special 0.03 1.0 0.4 18.4 56 Mo 8.0/Nb 2.5 0 0
304 analysis can be achieved. The chromium and 2. P12 Special 0.02 1.1 0.4 20.2 62 Mo 9.0/Nb 2.7 0 0
offshore industry applications.
nickel contents of the strip are balanced so that a Hardfacing Hardness Vickers***
minimum ferrite content of 5% is achieved if normal 420L 420L 1. 420L 801 0.14 0.4 0.3 13.4 – – 470
welding parameters are used. The risk of solidification 420L is a martensitic strip used, among other things, 2. 420L 801 0.15 0.5 0.4 13.4 – – 490
cracking is therefore very small. The low carbon for hardfacing rolls in continuous casters. The weld
*** Ferrite according to Schaeffler-DeLong.
content in the strip typically produces a weld deposit metal should normally be heat treated before *** Ferrite measured in % using Fischer Feritscope® MP-3.
with a carbon level of less than 0.04%. machining. *** HV 10, no heat treatment.

2(4) 3(4)
 Welding strip

Welding strip
Ferrite content Nickel equivalent =
% Ni + 0.5 x % Mn + 30 x % C + 30 x % N
The amount of ferrite is usually indicated by means
of the ferrite number, FN. The ferrite content of the P12

weld is primarily determined by the composition of

30
the strip and the degree of dilution of the base

2 FN
FN
Features

FN
material. A high dilution gives a low ferrite level

FN
A=AUSTENITE • Simple welding method

12
which increases the risk of solidification cracking. 25
• Enhancing the corrosion and wear resistance
By using a Schaeffler-DeLong diagram, it is
• High deposition rate
possible to estimate the ferrite content of the weld
20 • Low dilution with the parent metal
metal. A+F
• Small and uniform penetration of parent metal
When strip surfacing with austenitic stainless M+A
316L 309L

steels, a ferrite content of 2–12 FN is often required to 15

308L Applications
reduce the risk of hot cracking. A ferrite content
347
%
F • Welding components to be used in temperatures
exceeding 12 FN can lead to a continuous network of 40
over 400°C, e.g. heat exchangers and hydrocrackers
ferrite, increasing the risk of sigma phase formation 10

• Chemical reactors and flanges in pulp and paper

which reduces the corrosion resistance and M=MARTENSITE M+A+F %F
100 industry
toughness. Therefore, a dilution greater than 5
• Petrochemical and offshore industry
approximately 25% is not recommendable.
M+F F=FERRITE • Hardfacing rolls in continuous casters
F
+
M
5 10 15 20 25 30
Chromium equivalent =
Product
% Cr + % Mo + 1.5 x % Si + 0.5 x % Nb Surfacing or cladding with strip electrodes is widely
used to enhance the corrosion and wear resistance of,
above all, low-alloy steels. The surfacing is either
performed at the fabrication stage or as repair weld
surfacing.
The strip electrodes are normally 0.5 mm thick and
their width is determined by the size and shape of
the components to be surfaced. The standard widths
are 30, 60 and 90 mm but wider strips can also be
used. However, the use of wider strips requires
supplementary magnetic control of the melt pool.
Information 1171EN-GB; supersedes inf. 270302GB. Teknisk information / Centrum Tryck Avesta 2004

General characteristics Flux for cladding

Submerged arc surfacing with strip electrodes is
characterised by a high deposition rate and a
relatively low dilution with the parent metal,
compared with other arc welding processes.
The dilution rate is calculated by dividing the
volume of fused parent metal by the total weld
metal volume.
Information given in this brochure may be subject to alteration without notice. The penetration of parent metal is small and
Care has been taken to ensure that the contents of this publication are accurate but Outokumpu Stainless and its subsidiary companies do
not accept responsibility for errors or for information which is found to be misleading. Suggestions for or descriptions of the end use or uniform. A normal penetration is about 1 mm
application of products or methods of working are for information only and Outokumpu Stainless and its affiliated companies accept no liability differing only slightly with travel speed. The bead
in respect thereof. Before using products supplied or manufactured by the company the customer should satisfy himself of their suitability.
thickness obtained is normally 3 to 5 mm.
Due to the high deposition rate, uniform welding
quality and the simplicity of the welding method,
strip electrode surfacing offers a number of financial
benefits.
Avesta Welding AB
P.O. Box 501
SE-774 27 Avesta, Sweden
Tel.: +46 (0)226 815 00
Fax: +46 (0)226 815 75
www.avestawelding.com
To obtain the desired weld metal composition it is
of the utmost importance to choose the right
combination of strip electrode and flux together
with optimal welding parameters.
The types of flux used for strip surfacing usually
differ slightly from wire welding fluxes, mainly in
terms of current capacity and slag density.
There are two main groups of strip surfacing flux:
agglomerated and fused. The agglomerated type
represents the modern type of strip surfacing flux.
The advantage of agglomerated flux compared to
fused flux is that the former can be alloyed. Flux is
commonly alloyed with chromium to compensate for
the losses in the arc during welding.
See data sheet ”Welding flux” for details.