Topic no.

01
1. What is plumbing.
2. History of Plumbing Practice in the Philippines and Plumbing Code Principle.
3. Code of Ethics.
4. Permits
5. Plumbing Terms.
Plumbing – is the system of pipes, drains, fittings, valves and fixtures installed for distribution of potable water for
drinking, heating and washing and water borne waste removal. Also, refers to the skilled trade which installs and
maintains it. The word derives from the Latin plumbum for lead, as the first effective pipes used by Roman era were
lead pipes.
Plumbing – is the art and techniques of installing pipes, fixture and other apparatuses in buildings for bringing in the
supply, liquids, substances and/or ingredients and removing them.
Plumbing system – includes all potable water supply and distribution pipes, all plumbing fixtures and traps, all
sanitary and drainage system.
The system consists of the following:
1. Water supply and distribution system – carries water from the water source, street main or a pump to the
building and to various points of use.
2. Plumbing fixtures – the receptacle that receive the supplied water and allow the building occupants to avail
and use the water.
3. Drainage, Waste and Vent – the piping network within the building which conveys from the plumbing fixtures
all wastes and rainwater to a treatment facility and point of disposal.
RA 1378 – also known as Plumbing code of the Philippines.
18 June 1955 – approved.
28 November 1959 – amended.
21 December 1999 – revised.
1999 National Plumbing Code of the Philippines – the basic goal is to ensure the unqualified observance of the latest
provision of plumbing and environmental laws.
Plumbing Code – is manifestation of the right of the government to regulate the practice of the plumbing profession
based on the principle of the protection of public health.
Cross connection – any connection or arrangement, physical or otherwise between a potable water supply system
and any plumbing fixture or tank, receptacle, equipment or device, through which enables non-potable, used,
unclean, polluted, contaminated water or other substances to enter into any part of such potable water system under
any conditions.
Backflow – the flow of water or other liquids, mixtures or substances into the distribution pipes of a potable supply of
water from any source other than from its intended use.
Back siphonage – the flowing back of used, contaminated or polluted water from a plumbing fixtures or vessel into a
water supply due to a negative pressure in such pipe.
Airgap, water distribution – an unobstructed vertical distance through the free atmosphere between the lowest
opening from any pipe or faucet conveying potable water to the flood level rim of any tank, vat or fixtures.
Atmospheric vacuum breaker (AVB) – has an air inlet valve that closes when the water flows in the normal directions.
Double check valve or double check assembly – It consists of 2 check valves assembled in series.
Pressure vacuum breaker (PVB) – has an air inlet valve which is designed to open when the internal pressure is
6.9kpa (1psi) above atmospheric pressure so that non-potable will not be siphoned back into the potable water
system. Similar to AVB except that the PVB contains a spring-loaded poppet.
Reduce pressure zone device – is considered suitable hazard applications that is where the consequence of backflow
into the water supply would cause significant harm although not for the highest risk such as human waste.
Inadequate water pressure - 103Kpa or 15 psi.
Excessive water pressure – 551Kpa or 80 psi.
Water hammer – is a pressure surge or wave resulting when a liquid in motion is forced to stop or change direction
suddenly (momentum change).
Air chamber – is a spaced filled with air, commonly to act as cushion or shock absorber for equalizing the flow of
liquid in a pump or part of the hydraulic system.
Testing media – the piping of the plumbing, drainage and venting system shall be tested with water or air.
Water test – 15mins.
Air test – 15mins and 34.4 kpa or 5psi.
Water piping – 15mins and 344.5kpa or 50psi.
50% - water piping shall be tested and proved tight under a water pressure not less than the working pressure under
which is it to be used.
Indirect waste pipes – a waste pipes that discharges through an air break or air gap into a trapped receptacle or
fixture rather than directly into the building drainage system.
22 Principles:
1. All premises intended for human habitation, occupancy or use shall be provided with a supply of pure and
wholesome water, neither connected to unsafe supplies nor subject to hazards of backflow or backsiphonae.
2. Plumbing fixtures, devices and appurtenances shall be supplied with sufficient volume at a pressure
adequate to enable them to function satisfactorily and without undue noise under normal condition of use.
3. Plumbing shall be designed and adjusted to use the minimum quantity of water consistent with proper
performance and cleaning.
4. Devices for heating and storing water shall be so designed and installed as o prevent dangers from
explosion through overheating.
5. Every building having plumbing fixtures installed and intended for human habitation, occupancy or use on
premises abutting on a street, alley or easement where there is a public sewer, shall be connected to the
public sewer system.
6. Each family dwelling unit on premises abutting on a sewer or with a private sewage disposal system shall
have at least 1 water closet and 1 kitchen type sink. Further, a lavatory or bathtub or shower shall be
installed to meet the basic requirement of sanitation and personal hygiene.
7. Plumbing fixtures shall be made of smooth non-absorbent materials, free from concealed fouling surfaces
and shall be located in ventilated enclosures.
8. The drainage system shall be designed, constructed and maintained to safeguard against fouling, deposit of
solids, clogging and with adequate cleanouts so arranged that the pipe might be readily cleaned.
9. The piping of plumbing system shall of durable materials, free from defective workmanship and so designed
and constructed as to give satisfactory from service for its reasonable expected life.
10. Each fixture directly connected to the drainage system shall be equipped with water -sealed trap.
11. The drainage piping system shall be designed to provide adequate circulation of free air from siphonage,
aspiration or forcing of trap seals under ordinary use.
12. Vents terminal shall be extended to the outer air and installed to preempt clogging and return of foul air to
the building.
13. Plumbing system shall be subjected to such tests to effectively disclose all leaks and defects in the
workmanship.
14. No substance which will clog the pipes, produce explosive mixtures, destroy the pipes or their joints or
interfere unduly with the sewage disposal process shall be allowed to enter the building drainage system.
15. Proper protection shall be provided to prevent contamination of food, water, sterile goods and similar
materials by backflow of sewage. When necessary the fixture, device or appliance shall be connected
indirectly with the building drainage system.
16. No water closet shall be located in a room or compartment which is not properly lighted or ventilated.
17. If water closet or other plumbing fixtures are installed in the buildings where there is no sewer within a
reasonable distance, suitable provision shall be made for disposing of the building sewage by accepted
method of sewage treatment and disposal such as septic tank.
18. Where a plumbing drainage system may be subject to backflow of sewage, suitable provision shall be made
to prevent its overflow in the building.
19. Plumbing systems shall be maintained in serviceable condition.
20. All plumbing fixtures shall be properly spaced, to be accessible for their intended use.
21. Plumbing shall be installed with due regard to preservation of the strength of the structural members and
prevention of damage to walls and other surfaces through fixture usage.
22. Sewage or other waste from a plumbing system which maybe deleterious to surface or sub surface waters
shall not be discharge into the ground or onto any water way, unless first rendered innocuous through
subjection to some acceptable form of treatment.
Code of ethics – deals with the basic knowledge of general guidelines of character, rules and regulations as covenant
in the plumbing practice. This includes moral obligation and relationship with clients and benefactors.
Registered Master Plumber – shall maintain a professional bearing consistent with a honorable and dignified pursuit
of his/her profession, adhering to a set of conduct becoming of his/her calling and shall not:
1. Act in an unprofessional manner and demand any remuneration other than his/her original charges except
for additional services not covered in the basic contract.
2. Supplant another RMP after definite steps have already been taken toward his/her being commissioned to
perform the contract.
3. Underbid another RMP by reducing his/her professional fees after being informed of the fees charged by the
other RMP.
4. Take the advantage of a salaried government position to compete unfairly with a practicing RMP.
5. Allow the use of his/her license as a RMP for a fee to an unlicensed master plumber in plumbing works
without his/her personal supervision.
 6. Injure falsely or maliciously, directly or indirectly the reputation of another RMP by reviewing his/her work for
the same client unless the professional services of the former have been officially terminated all professional
fees have been fully paid by client.
7. Advertise in self-laudatory language, act in any manner and engage in any practice which tend to bring
dishonor to the dignity of the RMP, the National Master Plumbers Association of the Philippines (NAMPAP)
and the plumbing profession.
Permits – documentation of requisites to the activities undertaken in the plumbing project such as applications,
applicants and general conditions to be observed.
RA 1378 – the professional services of a Registered and License Master Plumber shall be enlisted.
Application – a Registered and License Master Plumber shall be file an application at the Office of the Building
Official in behalf of the building owner for whom such work shall be done and shall till out the forms provided for that
purpose. Every application shall:
1. Identify and described the plumbing work to be covered by the permit for which an application is made.
2. Describe the land upon which the proposed plumbing work is to be done, legal description, street address or
similar description that will readily identify and locate the proposed building or work.
3. Indicate the use or occupancy for which the proposed plumbing work is intended.
4. Be accompanied by plans, drawings, diagrams, computations, technical specifications and other data as
required.
5. Give such other data and information as required by the administrative authority.
6. Be signed by owner or permittee who is required to submit evidence to indicate such authority.
7. Be signed and sealed by the Registered and License Master Plumber.
6 sets – shall be submitted for Plans and Specifications.
Information on Plans and Specifications – shall be drawn to scale on tracing paper or cloth and shall be sufficient
clarity to indicate location, nature and extent of the work proposed showing in detail, conformance with the provision
of the Code, relevant laws, rules and regulations.
Partial permit - the administrative authority may issue for the construction of a part of a large and/or complicated
plumbing system.
Retention of Plans – 1 set of approved plans, specifications, computations and related data hall be retained by
administrative authority. 2 sets shall be returned to the applicant and owner, 1 set shall be kept at jobsite at all times.
1 year – a plumbing permit issued under the provisions of this code shall expire and become null and void if the
plumbing work authorized therein is not commenced.
120 days – the plumbing work so authorized is suspended or abandoned at any time after having commenced.
O & M Manual – is provided prior to handover.
Moved buildings – plumbing systems which part of buildings or structure in 1 place and moved into another
jurisdiction.
72 hrs – request for inspection of such equipment or fixtures has been filed with the administrative authority.
3 working days – request for inspections shall be filed before such inspection is intended.
The seal shall be round in shape and shall be inscribed with the following:
1. Registered and license Master Plumber at upper portion of the round seal.
2. Name of registered and license Master Plumber at the upper center.
3. The registration number shall appear at the center below the name.
4. Philippines appearing at the lower portion of the round seal.
ABS – acrylonitrile butadiene styrene.
Alter or alteration – any change, addition or modification in the construction or occupancy.
Approved – accepted or acceptable under an applicable specification or standard stated or cited in this code or
accepted as suitable for any proposed use under procedures and powers of administrative authority.
Backflow – the flow of water or other liquids, mixtures or substances into the distributing pipes of potable supply of
water from any source other than from its intended use.
Backflow connections – condition or any arrangement whereby reverse flow can occur.
Backpressure backflow – occurs due to an increased reverse pressure above the supply pressure.
Backflow preventer – device or means to prevent flow of liquid from returning to the source of supply also called
vacuum breaker.
Back siphonage – the flowing back of used, contaminated or polluted water from a plumbing fixtures or vessels into a
water supply pipe due to negative pressure in such pipe.
Backwater valve – a device installed in a drainage system to prevent reverse flow.
Ball cock – a valve opened and closed by the fall and rise, respectively of an attached ball floating on the surface of
the liquid.
Battery of fixtures – any of 2 or more similar adjacent fixtures which discharge into a common horizontal soil or waste
branch.
Bell or hub – that portion of a pipe which for a short distance is sufficiently enlarged to receive the end of another pipe
of the same diameter for the purpose of making caulked or push on joint.
Bending pin – a tool for straightening or bending lead pipe.
Bibb – synonymous with faucet, cock, tap, plug, etc.
Bidet – used for washing the middle part of the body especially the genitals also called a sitz bath.
Blank flange – a pipe flange that is not drilled for bolt holes.
Blind flange – a flange that closes the end of pipe.
Branch – any part of the piping system other than a main, riser or stack.
Branch interval – a length of a soil or waste stack corresponding in general to a story height but in no case less
2.43m within which the horizontal branches from 1 floor or story of a building are connected to the stack.
Building drain – that part of the lowest horizontal piping of a drainage system which receives the discharge from soil,
waste and other drainage pipes inside the walls of the building and conveys it to the building sewer beginning 0.6m
outside the building wall.
Building sewer – that portion of the horizontal drainage system which starts from the end of the building drain in which
receives discharge of the building drain and conveys it to a public sewer, private sewer, individual sewage disposal
system or other point of disposal.
Building supply – the pipe carrying potable water from the water meter or other source of water supply to a building.
Caulking – plugging an opening with oakum, lead or other materials that are pounded into the annular space.
Cap – a fitting, screwed or caulked over the end of a pipe for closing.
Catch basin – receptacle in which liquids are retained for sufficient period of time to allow settle of material to deposit.
Cesspool – a non-watertight lined excavation in the ground which receives discharge of a sanitary drainage system or
part thereof.
Check valve – a valve that automatically closes to prevent reverse flow.
Circuit vent – a group vent pipe which starts in front of the extreme fixture connections on horizontal branch and
connect to the vent stack.
Common vent – see unit vent and dual vent.
Continuous vent – is vertical vent that is a continuation of the drain to which the vent connects.
Diameter – a nominal diameter designated commercially ID denotes inside diameter of pipes and OD outside
diameter of tubes.
Downspout – the vertical portion of the rainwater conductor.
Drain – a pipes which carries ground and surface waters, storm water or waste water into the building drainage
system.
Drainage system – includes the piping within public or private premises which conveys sewage or other liquid waste
to a legal point of disposal but does not include the mains of the public sewer system or public sewage treatment or
disposal plant.
Existing work – the on-going installation of the plumbing system or any part thereof which has been installed prior to
affectivity.
Fixture – a receptacle other than a trap attached to the plumbing system in wastes water or waste maybe collected or
retained for ultimate discharge into the plumbing system.
Fixture branch – the water supply branch between the fixture supply pipe and the water distributing pipes.
Fixture drain – the drain pipe from the trap of a fixture to the junction of that drain with any other drain pipe.
Flush tank – a tank located above or integral with water closet, urinal or similar fixtures for flushing or removing
increments in the fixtures.
Flush valve – is a device located at the bottom of the tank for the purpose of flushing water closet and similar fixtures.
Flushometer tank – is integrated within an air accumulator vessels which is designed to discharge a predetermined
quantity of water into fixtures for flashing purposes (5-6 gallons).
Flushometer valve – is a device which discharges a predetermined quantity of water into fixtures for flushing
purposes and is actuated by direct water pressure (10-20psi).
Gate valve – a valve in which the flow of water is cut by means of a circular disc fitted against machine smooth faces
at right angles to the direction of flow.
Globe valve – a valve in which the flow of water is cut by means of a circular disc that fits over and against the
horizontal valve seat.
Grade – is a slope or fall of a line of pipe with reference to the horizontal plane.
Grease interceptor – interceptor of at least 3m3 capacity to serve one or more fixtures and which is remotely located.
Grease trap – a device designed to retain grease from 1 to a maximum of 4 fixtures.
House drain – same as building drain.
House sewer – same as building sewer.
Indirect waste pipe – is a pipe that does not connect directly to the drainage system.
Industrial waste – any and all liquid or water borne waste from industrial and commercial processes, except domestic
sewage.
IPS – iron pipe size, refers to old pipe sizing system.
DIPS – ductile iron pipe standard.
NPS – nominal pipe size.
Lavatory – a fixture designed for washing of the hands or face also called wash basin.
Leader – a pipe connected from building gutter to the downspout.
Liquid waste – is the discharge from any fixture, appliance or appurtenances in connection of a plumbing system
which does not receive fecal matters.
Manhole – a large opening in a sewer line or part of the plumbing system constructed with sufficient size for a man to
gain access therein for maintenance purposes and facility for changes of line and/or grade of the pipeline.
Master Plumber – is a person technically and legally qualified licensed to practice the profession of Master Plumber
without limitations in accordance with RA 1378.
Nampap – National Master Plumber Association of the Philippines.
Oakum – hemp or old hemp rope soaked in oil or tar to make it waterproof.
PB – polybutylene. Tube made of plastic materials and colored black.
PE – polyethylene. Tube made of plastic materials and colored black. It denoted by its OD.
Pitch – grade.
Pressure – the normal force exerted by homogenous liquid or gas, per unit of area on the wall of the container.
Static pressure – the pressure existing without any flow.
Residual pressure – the pressure available the fixture or water outlet.
PVC – Polyvinyl chloride. Potable water piping is color-coded blue.
Relief vent – a vertical vent line, the primary function is to provide additional air between the drainage and vent
system.
Roughing in – the installation of all piping and fittings part of the plumbing system which can be completed prior to
installation of fixtures and accessories.
Seal – the vertical distance between the dip and the crown weir of trap.
Septic tank – a water tight receptacles which receives the discharge of the sanitary plumbing system or part thereof.
Slip joint – an adjustable tubing connections consist of the compression nuts, friction ring and compression washer.
Slope – grade.
Soil pipe – any pipe which conveys the discharge of water closet, urinal or fixtures having similar functions.
Soldered joint – a pipe joint obtained by joining metal parts with metallic mixture or alloys which melt at a temperature
below 427C and above 149C.
Stack – the vertical main of a system of soil, waste or vent piping extending 1 or more stories and extended thru roof.
Standpipe – a vertical pipe, or a reservoir into which water is pumped to give it at a head classified as:
1. Wet standpipe – water pressure is maintained at all times.
2. Automatic standpipe system – operates automatically by opening a hose valve.
3. Manually operated standpipe system – remote control device at each hose station.
4. Dry standpipe – having no permanent water inside the pipe.
Stack vent – the extension of soil and waste stack above the highest horizontal drain connected to the stack.
SVTR – (stack vent through roof) the uppermost end above the roof.
Trap – a fitting or device designed or constructed to provide when properly vented, a liquid seal which prevent
backflow of foul air or methane gas without materially affecting the flow of sewage or wastewater through it.
Trap arm – that portion of a fixture drain between the trap and a vent.
Trap seal – the maximum vertical depth of liquid that a trap will retain measured between the crown weir and the top
of the dip of the trap.
Vacuum – an air pressure less than atmospheric pressure.
Water treatment – a device which conditions or treats water supply to improve water quality, remove suspended
solids by filtrations.
Water main – or street main is the water supply pipe for public or community use.
Water supply system – of a building or premises consists of the water service pipe, water supply line, water
distributing pipe and the necessary branches pipes, fittings, valves and all appurtenances required for the supply of
potable water.
Wet vent – that portion of a vent pipe through where wastewater also flows through.
Valentine M. Mangila – Chairman of NAMPAP.
Prospero A. Abellano – Member.
Pedrito D. Camilet Jr. – Member.
HB No.2894 and HB No.3740 – authored by Karlo Nograles (Davao City) and Evelina Escudero (Sorsogon).
Jaime M. Cabase – 1996 NAMPAP president spearheaded the drafting of the Revised Plumbing Code in 1996.
October 1999 – NAMPAP submitted the same to the board of examiners for Master Plumbers.
President Joseph Estrada – approved pursuant to section 4 of RA 1378 last December 1999.
28June 1967 – the first amended to RA 1378 was approved which inclusion of asbestos cement pipe.
28January1959 – National Plumbing Code was promulgated.
02October1975 – the association was accredited by PRC.
John F. Hass – the first chief of division of plumbing construction and inspection.
17th century – birth of the plumbing profession in the Philippines.
18th & 19th century – the Filipino plumbers were assigned the task of maintaining, repairing and/or remodeling the
plumbing system in all towns.
20th century – plumbing took a great leap with arrival of Americans.
RA 6541 – Building Code of the Philippines.
P2.00 – original complete construction up to 20.00m2.
P2.40 - Additional / renovation / alteration up to 20.00m2.
P3.40 – above 20.00m2 to 50m2.
P4.80 - above 50.00m2 to 100m2.
P6.00 - above 100.00m2 to 150m2.
P7.20 – above 150m2.
P2.00 – each fixed type sterilizers, drinking fountains.
P4.00 – urinal, bidet, dental cuspidors, gas-fired water heater, bar or soda fountain sink, laundry sink, laboratory sink.
P7.00 – each slope sink, bathtub, grease trap, garage trap.
Topic no. 02
1. General Regulations
2. Quality and Weight of materials
3. Joints and Connections
4. Traps and Interceptors
General regulations:
Applications of alignment and pitch of pipe with inspection of the horizontal and vertical elevation above and below
ground lines, pipe protection and workmanship including studies of prohibited fittings and dead end in pipes
installation.
Approved excreta and storm drainage system – installed and maintained in accordance with the provision of the
code.
2% or 20mm/m – uniform slope between manholes.
2% cannot obtained because of the following:
1. Excessive depth of proposed drainage lines
2. Structural and or geological features of terrain
3. Existing adverse in arrangement of building or structures
102 mm diameter or larger – shall be 10 mm/m or 1% slope
Vacuum foul sewer system – type of drainage system in other countries
Vacuum sewer system – collection system of domestic sewer water. Alternative for conventional gravity sewage
system. Differential air pressure and power of vacuum pumps.
90 to 250 mm – diameter of pipes for vacuum sewer system
1.2 m – deep of excavations
Vacuum sewer system composed of the following:
1. Vacuum pipe network
2. Collection chamber
3. Vacuum station
Changes in direction of drainage flow – shall be in the angles presented by a 22 ½, 45, 60 or other approved fittings
of longer sweeps.
45 degree and 60-degree wye branch – for horizontal pipes connecting to stack.
Drainage system – all plumbing fixtures.
Sewer service connection – every building.
Approved private sewage disposal system – public or private.
Treated and disposed – wastes detrimental to the public sewer system or to the functioning of the sewage treatment
plants.
All designs, construction and workmanship – shall be in conformity with accepted engineering practices.
Soil and water pipe system – shall not be connected to rainwater drains.
No drainage or vent piping shall be drilled and tapped for making connections thereto, and no cast iron soil pipe shall
be threaded.
No double hub fitting for lead-caulked joint in vertical position
No waste connection shall be made to a closet bend or stub of a water closet or similar fixtures.
The enlargement of a 76mm closet bend or stub to 102mm diameter shall not be considered as an obstruction.
Independent system – shall be separate or independent.
Metal pipe sleeves – all piping passing through the walls.
Without metal sleeve – no pipes directly embedded in concrete and masonry walls.
Bitumen – void between pipes and sleeves shall be sealed.
Polyethylene sheath – protected for external corrosion.
45 degrees – all bottom pipe trench.
Inside lining, outside coating, proper bottom bedding and top shielding with concrete blocks.
0.6 m – drainage below the building and 0.3 m - below FGL.
Pipe surfaces – subject to corrosion.
Vertical piping’s – shall be secure in sufficient close intervals.
Stacks – shall be supported in their base.
Cast iron soil pipe – bell & spigot and hub less pipe – shall be supported at every story or closer.
Screwed pipe – iron pipe size – shall be supported at every other story height
Copper tubing – shall be supported at every 3m.
Lead pipe – shall be supported at very 1.2m with rigid vertical back up.
Plastic pipe – shall be supported at every 1m.
Supports of horizontal pipes shall be 1.5m interval and if length is more than 1.5m shall be 3m.
0.45m joint to prevent sagging and 1.2m distance between joints.
Screwed pipes – 3m for 19mm diameter below and 3.6m for 25mm diameter above.
Copper tubing – 1.8m for 38mm diameter below and 3m for 51mm diameter above.
Lead pipe – shall supported by stiff metal and wooden backing.
Plastic tube – shall be supported by stiff metal and wooden backing 38mm diameter.
Hangers and anchors – weights of the pipes.
Stress analysis – for supports huge and complicated pipes.
0.6 m – clear height of the tunnel.
½ the depth of trench – minimum length.
maximum length – 2.4m.
0.3m – backfilled from the top of the pipes.
Open trench – all excavated required.
Quality and weight of materials – study of different plumbing fixtures and standard.
AHAM – Association of home appliance manufacturers.
ANSI – American national standard institute.
ASME – American society of mechanical engineers.
ASSE – American society of sanitary engineering.
ASTM – American society for testing and materials.
AWWA – American water works association.
CISPI – Cast iron soil pipe institute.
CS & PS – Commercial specification and product specification.
FS – Federal specifications.
IAPMO – International association of plumbing and mechanical officials.
PDI – Plumbing and drainage institute.
PNS – Philippine national standard.
UL – Underwriter’s laboratories.
WQA – Water quality association.
ISO – International standard organization.
EN – European committee for standardization.
Label, cast or stamped – marker’s logo or name.
Iron pipe size – old pipe sizing system.
NPS – nominal pipe size – north America based on inches.
DN – diameter nominal – Europe based on mm.
Pipes – specified by nominal diameter.
Tubes – specified by outside diameter and wall thickness.
Type K – a thickest wall (green).
Type L – has thinner wall (blue). Used for water supply system.
Type M – ever thinner wall (red).
Type DWV – thinnest wall (yellow).
0.6 mm – width of the hard-drawn copper tubing stripes.
Hard drawn copper wire – not annealed.
Hard drawn – 150% tensile strength than annealing.
Annealing – makes copper more flexible.
wall thickness of lead bend and lead traps – 3.2 mm.
19.56 kg/m2 and 1.6 mm thick – for safe pans.
14.63 kg/m2 and 1.2 thick – for flashing.
Closet rings or closet flanges – 178 mm diameter shall be together with soil pipes.
Caulked for closet rings or closet flanges – 6.4 mm thick and 51 mm depth.
Caulking ferrules – best quality, cast red brass.
Ferrules – most common fittings use to joint 2 pipes.
Soldering nipples – heavy cast red brass.
Solder bushings – use for copper boiler.
6 ft – the developed length between traps of WC and similar fixtures.
4 bolts – per water closet.
6 feet or 1829 mm – the developed length between the trap of a water closet or similar fixtures.
Plugs – shall have raised square heads or approved counter sunk rectangular slots.
Brass or bronze metal – valves up to and including 51 mm.
Cleanouts – gas and water tight without any use of gasket.
Screwed fittings – shall be tapped out of solid metal.
Drainage fittings – shall be screw jointed of drainage type (2% slope).
Backwater valve – avoid screening of solid and fibrous materials.
Gate valve – shall be full way type. 102 mm diameter and larger shall be cast iron bodies and 102 mm diameter and
below shall be cast brass or bronze bodies.
Joints and connections – deals with the basic knowledge of joints and connections.
Pressure test – to ensure gas tight and water tight connections.
Caulked joints – packed with oakum or hemp. 25.4 mm - depth. 32 mm – the finished joint.
CCIP – Centrifugally cast iron pipes.
Threaded joints – shall be standard taper pipe threads. Schedule 80 – minimum wall thickness.
Wiped joints – joints in lead pipes or fittings. 19 mm – exposed surface.
Solder joints – made by pouring molten solder onto the joint.
Solder and sweat joints – joints in copper tubing. 0.002 – lead content of solder and fluxes.
0.002 – solders and fluxes with a lead content.
Flared joints – open flame.
Flare fittings – type of compression fittings used for metal tubing.
Flare nuts – is used to secure the flared tubing.
Tube flaring – is considered to be a type of forging operation.
Soldering – 2 or more items joined together by means of melting.
Welding – a fabrication and sculpture.
Brazing - joining or two metals.
Burned lead joints – shall be lapped and assembly shall be fused.
80% lead and 20% tin – using plumbers solder.
Lead burning – welding process used to join lead sheet. Carried by gas welding usually oxy-acetylene.
Cement mortar joints – prohibited in new building sewer.
Asbestos cement sewer pipe joints – shall be same coupling.
Flexible compression factory fabricated joints – flexible compression joints.
Solvent cement plastic pipe joints – solvent cementing as per IAPMO.
Mechanical joints – for centrifugally cast iron water pipe.
Molded rubber coupling joints – neoprene rubber.
Shielded coupling joints – shielded coupling.
Pressure lock type joints – internal retention devices.
Hub less cast iron pipe joints – non-pressure applications.
Pipe flanges – disc, collar or ring attached to the pipes.
Slip on – pipe flanges which slip over the pipes.
Weld neck – pipe flanges which welding to the neck. Used for high pressure applications.
Blind – pipe flange used to cover the end of pipes.
Lap joint – pipe flanges which fits over the pipes.
Threaded – pipe flanges which is similar to slip on except bore threaded pipe flange has taper threads.
Socket weld – pipe flanges which small sizes and high pressure.
Fusion welding – generic name of welding process.
Neoprene gasket – for hub and spigot joint of clay sewer pipes.
VCP – Vitrified clay pipes from blend of clay and shale.
Screwed pipe to cast iron pipes – joints shall be either caulked and threaded.
Lead to cast iron, wrought iron or steel – joints shall be wiped joints.
Copper tubing to cast iron pipe – joints shall be thin walled copper tubing.
Copper pipe tubing – joints shall be soldered and brazed.
Slip joints – exposed of faculty in maintenance.
Expansion joints -used for soil and waste stacks.
Plastic fittings – female screws.
Plastic pipes connection to other materials – connecting plastic pipes to other type of piping.
Unions – located in trap seals and between fixtures.
Ground joints, flared or ferrule connections – Ground joints.
Trap seal or water seal – vertical distance between dip and overflow.
Common seal – 5 cm deep of water seal.
Deep seal – 7.5 cm to 10 cm deep of water seal.
32 mm to 50 mm – various size of p-trap.
P-trap and drum trap – permissible trap.
Running traps, crown vented traps, ¾ s-trap, full s-traps and bell traps – prohibited traps.
Trap siphonage – negative pressure.
Back pressure – water maybe blown out.
Evaporation – sporadically.
Capillary action – uncommon scenario.
0.6 m – vertical distance between traps and fixture outlet.
For trap arm, no more than 76 mm diameter and 22 ½ degree bend, cleanouts shall not provide.
For more than 22 ½ degree, cleanouts shall be provided at the bend.
1.8 m – distance of traps of water closet to the vent.
Floor drain – shall be connected to the trap.
51 mm to 102 mm – deep of water seal.
152 cm – deep of interceptor.
1.3 to 3.4 lps – flow rate of grease trap.
Flow control – device of grease trap.
1.2 m – inlet of grease trap.
0.75 cm – vertical tailpipe.
51 mm – deep of water seal for grease trap.
610 mm – deep of sand interceptor.
0.2 m – dimension of sand interceptor.
Sand interceptor – shall be made of bricks and concrete.
Laundry equipment – no integral strainers.
12.7mm – for laundry equipment prevent passage into the drainage system of solid.
Gauge 17 B&S and Sharpe specification (1.1mm) – brass tubing trap.
Topic no. 03
1. Water supply and distribution
2. Plumbing fixtures
3. Inspection and test
Water supply and distribution – basic knowledge on the quality and redeems of potable water to meet standards of
purity including sources, storage and distribution to the building from the water main through underwater into
independent pipes network to the different fixtures.
Running water required – each plumbing fixtures shall be provided with an adequate supply of potable running water
so arranged as to flush and keep same in clean and healthful conditions without danger of backflow or cross
connection. Water closets and urinals shall be flushed by means of an approved flush tank or flushometer valve.
Unlawful connections:
1. No installation of potable water supply piping or part thereof shall be made in such a manner that it will be
possible for used, unclean, polluted or contaminated water, mixtures or substance to enter any portion of
such piping system from any tank, receptacle, equipment or plumbing fixture by reason of back siphonage,
by suction or any other cause, either during normal use and operation thereof or when any such tank,
receptacle, equipment or plumbing fixture is flooded or subject to pressure in excess of the operating
pressure in the hot or cold water piping.
2. No person shall make a connection or allow one to exist between pipes or conduits carrying domestic water
supplied by any public or private water service system and any pipe, conduit or fixture containing or carrying
water from any other source or containing or carrying water which has been used for other purposes or any
piping carrying chemicals, liquid, gases or any substances unless there is provided an approved backflow
prevention device.
3. No plumbing fixture, device or construction shall be installed or maintained or shall be connected to any
domestic water supply when such installation or connection may provide a cross connection between
potable water distribution system and water which become contaminated by such plumbing fixture, device or
construction unless there is provided an indirect connection or a back-flow prevention device.
4. No water piping supplied by any private water supply system shall be interconnected to an approved city
water supply system or any other source of supply without the approval of the administrative authority,
health department or other agencies.
Principle no. 01 – all premises intended for human habitation, occupancy or use shall be provided with a supply of
pure water or wholesome water neither connected with unsafe water supply nor subject to hazards of backflow or
back siphonage.
Cross connection control – shall be provided in accordance with the code
1. No person shall install any water operated equipment or mechanism or use any water treating chemical or
substance, if it is found that such equipment, mechanism, chemical or substance may cause pollution or
contamination of the domestic water supply. Such equipment or mechanism may be permitted only when
equipped with an approved backflow prevention device assembly.
2. Approval of devices or assemblies – before any device or assembly is installed for prevention of backflow,
administrative authority shall have first approved it. Devices or assemblies shall be tested for conformity with
recognized standards or other standards acceptable to the administrative authority which are consistent with
the intent of the code.
3. The person or persons having control of such devices or assemblies shall maintain all devices or assemblies
installed in a potable water supply system for protection against backflow in good working condition.
No device or assembly shall be removed from use or relocate, or other device or assembly substituted without the
approval of the administrative authority.
Backflow occurs for one of two reasons either back pressure or back siphonage.
Back pressure – is the result of higher pressure in the system than in its supply.
Back siphonage – is the result of the supply pressure being lowered below that of the system. This may occur when a
supply is interrupted or drained down.
Airgap – the minimum air gap to provide backflow protection shall be in accordance with the Table 6-1 of the code.
Atmospheric vacuum breaker (AVB) – consist of a body, a checking membrane and an atmospheric opening.
Double check valve back flow prevention assembly (DC) – consist of two independent acting internally or externally
loaded check valve, four properly located test cocks with connector and two isolation gate valves.
Pressure vacuum breaker back flow prevention assembly (PVB) – consist of a loaded air inlet valve, internally loaded
check valve, two properly located test cocks and two isolation gate valves. Similar to AVB except that the PVB
contains a spring loaded poppet.
Reduced pressure principle backflow prevention assembly (RP) – consist of two independent acting internally loaded
check valves, a differential pressure relief valve, four properly located test cocks and two isolation gate valves.
General requirements:
1. All assemblies shall be conformed to listed standards and acceptable to the administrative authority having
jurisdiction over the selection and installation of back flow prevention assemblies.
2. The premises owner or responsible person shall have a back flow prevention assembly tested by the
certified back flow assembly tester at the time of installation. Repair, relocation and at least on an annual
schedule thereafter or more often when required by the administrative authority.
 3. Access and clearance shall be provided for the required testing, maintenance and repair. Access and
clearance shall require minimum of 305 mm space between the lowest portion of the assembly and the
grade, floor or platform. Installation elevated more than 1.52 m above the floor or grade shall be provided
with a permanent platform capable of supporting a tester or maintenance person.
Direct connections – between potable water piping and sewer connected wastes shall not exist under any condition
with or without backflow prevention.
Two pipe diameters – approved airgap from the supply outlet and the top surface of the drainage inlet but in no case
shall gap be less than 25 mm.
152 mm – AVB installed above the level rim of such trapped fixture.
43.3°C or higher – backflow preventer for hot water shall be a listed type assembly.
IAPMO PS-31 – Materials and property standard for backflow prevention devices.
Water closet and urinal flushometer valves – shall be equipped with a listed AVB.
152 mm – critical level of AVB.
Water closet and urinal tanks – shall be equipped with a listed ball cock.
25 mm – critical level of ball cock above the full opening of the overflow pipe.
Water closet and flushometer tanks – shall be protected against backflow by an approved backflow prevention
assembly, device or method.
152 mm – critical level of inlet to tanks, vats, sump, swimming pools.
Water supply inlets not protected by AVB shall be protected by approved air gap.
Lawn sprinkling system – shall be equipped with AVB installed on the discharged side of each of the last shutoff
valve.
Potable water outlets with hose attachments other than water heater drains and clothes washer connection shall be
protected by a listed non removable hose bibb type backflow preventer or by a listed AVB installed at least 152 mm
above the highest point.
Hose bibb vacuum breaker – consist of spring loaded check valve that seals against atmospheric outlet when the
water supply is turned on.
Non-potable water line – the line supplying such outlets.
Danger-unsafe water – posted in non-potable water line.
Backflow preventers – shall not be located in any area containing fumes that are toxic, poisonous and corrosive.
Water pressure pipes – shall be of brass, copper, centrifugal cast iron, etc.
51 mm – cast iron fittings when used in connection with potable water piping shall be galvanized.
All small sized malleable iron water fittings shall be galvanized.
8% lead content – prohibited and not used in potable piping system.
51 mm below – valves shall be brass.
51 mm above – valves shall be cast iron or brass bodies.
Gate valve – shall be full way type.
A full way valve controlling all outlets - shall be installed on the discharge side of each water meter and on unmetered
water supply.
Separate full way gate valve – shall be equipped to each building.
Individual shut off gate valve – shall be provided for each fixture.
Full way gate valve – a valve used to control two or more openings.
Control gate valves – shall be installed before each water supplied appliances slip joint.
Shut off or control valves – shall be accessible.
Single control gate valve – shall be installed in a water supply line ahead of any automatic metering valves.
Pressure regulator – used in residential system with static pressure excess of 80 psi.
150 psi – typical setting of PRV.
Gate valve – a valve in which the flow of water is cut off by means of a circular disc fitted against machine smooth
faces at right angles to the direction of flow.
Globe valve – a valve in which the flow of fluid is cut off by means of circular disc that fits against the horizontal valve
seat.
Check valve – a valve that automatically close to prevent the flow of liquid or gas in a reverse direction.
Angle valve – a device usually of globe type in which the inlet and outlet are in the right angles.
Ball valve – a spherical shaped gate valve providing very tight shut off.
Faucet – a valve on a water pipe by means of which water can be drawn from or held within the pipes.
Ball valve – for on / off control without pressure drop.
Butterfly valve – for flow regulation in large pipes diameter.
Check valve or non-return valve – all the fluid to pass in one direction only.
Diaphragm valve – controls flow by the movement of the diaphragm.
Gate valve – for on / off control with low pressure drop.
Globe valve – good for regulating flow.
Knife valve – similar to gate valve but usually more compact. Often used for slurries and powder.
Needle valve – for accurate flow control.
Plug valve – slim valve for on / off control but with some pressure drop.
Thermal expansion valve – used in refrigeration and air conditioning system.
Pressure reducing valve – used to reduced system pressure.
Pressure relief valve – a safety valve used to relief pressure.
Elevated or gravity storage tanks for potable water supply – shall be tightly covered to keep out unauthorized
persons, dirt and vermin. The covers shall be vented with a return bend vent pipe having an area not less than the
area of the down feed riser pipe, and the vent shall be screened with a fine corrosion resistant screen with openings
not less than 14 nor more than 18 mess per 25 mm.
Float valve, float switch or electrode type water level control – to prevent the tanks from overflowing.
The gravity tanks shall be provided with the following:
1. Inlet pipe
2. Overflow
3. Drain pipe or emptying pipe
4. Outlet pipe
5. Air vent pipe
6. Manholes and covers
7. Water level indicator
8. Control valves
Well pump – is controlled by a flow switch in the holding tank.
Inadequate water pressure – water pressure in the main or other source of supply will not provide a water pressure of
at least 103 kpa (15 psi).
1 psi = 6.89 kpa
1 bar = 100 kpa
1 bar = 14.5 psi
Excessive water pressure – water pressure is in excess of 551 kpa (80psi).
76 mm – listed non-storage instantaneous heaters.
Instantaneous heater, tankless or demand type water heater - it heats water directly without the use of a storage
tank.
2 to 5 gallons (7.6 to 15.2 liters) per minutes – flow rate of hot water.
Storage water heater – it uses hot water storage tanks to maximize the heating capacity and provide instantaneous
delivery of hot water.
Conventional storage water heaters – most common water heating type.
75 to 400 liters (20 to 100 gallons) – typical sizes for household.
Use for large volume of usage:
1. Gymnasiums
2. Laundries
3. Kitchens
4. Industrial washrooms
Thermal expansion tank – is attached to the water supply pipe from which the water tanks overflow travels through.
1031 kpa (149.5 psi) – set pressure for pressure relief valves.
Relief valve – located inside the building shall be provided with drain.
0.6 m nor less than 152 mm – end of pipe outside the building above the ground and pointing downward.
Pressure relief valves – shall be provided for any water heating device.
CT – combination temperature
PRV – pressure relief valve
Installation – all water piping shall be adequate supported to the satisfaction of the administrative authority.
Burred ends – shall be reamed to the full bore of the pipe or tube.
0.3 m – below the finish ground level for all water service yard piping.
Water pipes – shall not be run or laid in the same trench as building sewer or storm drainage piping.
0.3 m – above the top of the sewer or drain line, the bottom of water pipes at all points.
0.3 m – from the side of sewer, minimum clear horizontal distance between the sides.
0.3 m – above the sewer or drain pipe, water pipes crossing sewer or drainage piping.
Ferrous piping – shall have an outside protective coating of an approved materials.
Field bitumastic coating and wrapping – shall provide equivalent protection and application in restricted to those short
pipes.
Nonferrous piping – plastic tubes and pipe need not be wrapped for rust proofing.
Copper tubing – shall be installed without joints.
Wrought copper – fittings of copper tubing.
Bitumastic coating and fiberglass wrapping – protection for external copper tubing.
Inspection – no water supply system shall be covered or concealed until it has been first inspected.
Testing – water piping shall be tested and approved.
0.3 m – unions shall be installed in the water supply piping away from the regulating equipment.
Fire resistant integrity – shall be that required by the administrative authority.
Pipe penetration through wall – figure 1
Hangers and straps – shall not be compress, distort, cut or abrade the piping and shall allow free movement of the
pipes.
4 feet (1219 mm) – support all piping at intervals
Vertical piping – shall be supported at each story or floor level.
Mid story guide – alignment of vertical piping shall be maintained between floors.
3 feet (914 mm) – support trap arms in length as close as possible to the trap.
¼ inch (6.4 mm) – closet rings above finish floor.
Rubber gasket joints and thrust blocks – shall be installed at changes in direction.
Plumbing fixtures – knowledge of all kinds of receptacles used such as water, etc.
Bathtub – is a large container holder water in which a person may bathe.
Bidet – used for washing middle private of the body especially genitals, also called a sitz bath.
Channel drains – is a specific type of floor drain.
Drinking fountain – also called a water fountain or a bubbler.
Hose bib – is a valve controlling the release of liquid or gas.
Kitchen sinks – also known as sinker, washbowl, hand basin, etc. also called a lavatory.
Shower – is a place in which a person bathes under a spray.
Urinals – is a sanitary plumbing fixture for urination only, predominantly used by males.
Water closets – known as toilet, flush toilets.
Quality of fixture – plumbing fixtures shall be manufactured of dense, durable, non-absorbent materials etc.
Acid resistant – all porcelain enamel surfaces on plumbing fixtures.
Principle no. 07 – plumbing fixtures shall be made of smooth non-absorbent materials, free from concealed fouling
surfaces and shall be located in ventilated enclosures.
Water closet bowls for public use shall be the elongated bowl types equipped with open front seats.
Water closet seats – shall be of smooth non-absorbent material.
Elongated front – is more comfortable but occupies a large space.
Special use fixtures – maybe made of soapstone, chemical stone ware, etc.
Gauge no. 16 B & S or 1.6 mm thick – bonderized and galvanize sheet steel for restaurant sinks and other special
use sinks.
Overflow outlet – any fixture shall be provided.
Strainer - all plumbing fixtures other than water closets and siphon action wash down or blowout urinals, shall be
equipped with approved strainers having an approved waterway area.
0.3 m – access panel or utility for slip joint connections.
Gauge no. 20 B & S or 0.8 mm thick – seamless drawn brass.
38 mm OD – overflow for sinks, dishwashers, laundry tub, bathtubs and urinals.
32 mm OD – overflow for lavatories, drinking fountain and similar small fixtures.
Brass or copper – shall not be used for urinal tailpiece or trap.
Continuous waste – a drain from two or more plumbing fixtures connected to a single trap.
American wire gauge (AWG) - also known as the Brown and Sharpe wire gauge. A standard wire gauge system.
Approved wye or other directional type branch fittings – shall be installed in all continuous wastes.
2 mm (0.079 in) – disposal unit’s shreds food waste into pieces small enough.
Garburators – garbage disposal unit in Canada.
Garbage disposal unit or waste disposal unit – electrically powered installed under a kitchen sink.
Prohibited water closet – having invisible seals or unventilated space or walls, which are not thoroughly washed out
at each discharge.
Drinking fountains – shall not installed inside public toilet rooms.
Water connections – baptisteries, ornamental or lily ponds, aquaria, etc. connected to the water supply lines shall be
protected from back siphonage.
Wastewater drain – for sacrarium cup sink at church altar and baptisteries, etc. shall not be connected to the sanitary
drainage line.
Sacrarium – cup sink at church altar.
Joints – shall be made watertight.
Securing fixtures – shall be secured on the drainage connection.
Wall hung fixtures – shall be rigidly supported by metal supporting members.
Settings – fixtures shall be set level and in proper alignment.
0.375 m – from its center to any side wall for water closet and bidet.
0.75 m – center to center to any similar fixture.
0.3 m – no urinal shall be set closer from its center.
0.6 m – closer from center to center.
Supply fittings – supply lines or fittings for every plumbing fixture shall be installed to prevent backflow.
Urinals – approved type vacuum breaker shall protect every water supply to a urinal.
Automatic flushing tanks – tanks flushing more than one urinal.
Flushometer valves – used to flush more than one urinal.
Floor drains – shall be considered plumbing fixtures.
Shower receptors – shall be constructed of vitrified china.
25.4 mm – shower receptors lower than the outside floor.
51mm or more than 228 mm in depth – from the top of the dam or threshold.
2% or more than 4% - finished floor of the receptor slope uniformly from sides towards the drain.
559 mm – wide door.
1.2 m – the minimum distance between the door of entry to the drain opening.
0.6 m2 – minimum finished interior area for shower.
762 mm – circle diameter encompassing.
1.78 m – height of shower drain outlet.
76 mm – height above the top of the finished threshold for shower receptors.
2% - slope of all lining materials.
3 layers – standard grade of 6.8 kg asphalt impregnated roofing felt.
101 mm – all folds shall extend.
0.9 kg/mm – tensile strength of mesh.
25.4 mm – lining shall be properly recessed and fasting.
ANSI 124.2 and FS WPP-541 – material and standard under item 107.
ANSI 124.2 – minimum requirements for plastic bathtub or shower units.
FS WW-P-541 – plumbing fixtures (general specifications).
FS WW-P-541/4 – plumbing fixtures (lavatories).
FS WW-P-541/4 – plumbing fixtures (sinks, kitchen, service, laundry trays).
Floors of public shower rooms – shall have nonskid surface.
2% - slope of shower rooms.
4.9 m – spacing of drains in gutters.
48.88°C – maximum deliver hot water.
National building code – each building shall be provided with each sanitary facility.
Table 4-1 – minimum plumbing facilities.
Whirlpool bathtubs – a removable panel of sufficient dimensional shall be provided to access the pump.
3 days – advance notice of RMP for inspections.
Scope – plumbing system are in accordance with approved plans and specifications.
Responsibility – it shall be the duty of the holder of the permit.
Re-testing – resubmitted for another test or inspections.
Permitee – shall be assessed an appropriate fee appearance.
Test – shall be conducted in the presence of administrative authority.
Corrections – notices of correction or violations shall be written by administrative authority.
Approval – a certificate of approval shall be issued by the administrative authority to the permitee on demand.
Covering or use – no plumbing or drainage system shall be covered or concealed until it has been inspected.
Uncovering – drainage or plumbing system shall be uncovered for inspection and testing.
Plumbing inspector – responsible person at the jobsite.
Media – system shall be tested with water or air.
Final test – for plumbing fixtures shall be submitted again.
Principle no. 13 – plumbing system shall be subjected to such tests to effectively disclose all leaks and defects in the
workmanship.
Testing media – the system shall be test with air or water.
Water test – water shall be kept for at least 15 minutes.
Air test – 15 psi and 15 minutes.
Water piping – 50 psi and 15 minutes.
Water test – shall be applied to the drainage and vent system.
3 m – head of water (4.25 psi or 29.30 kpa) for drainage system.
Gravity test – building sewage test.
Defective system – air test used in drainage and plumbing system.
Moved structures – all parts of plumbing system on any building that are moved from one foundation to another.
Protectively coated pipe – special care to avoid damage on the outside coating of pipes.
Test for shower receptors – shall be tested with water tightness.
The owner or his agent – shall maintain the drainage and plumbing system of his premises.
Dishwasher drain line – must have a high loop then drop down and back up to the final connections.
Thrust block sizes – shall be based on the maximum line pressure, pipe size and kind.
Thrust block – shall be installed at all changes in direction.
Topic no. 04
1. Ventilation of rooms and fixtures
2. Excreta drainage system
3. Private sewage disposal system
Ventilation of rooms and fixtures – deals with the basic knowledge of ventilation requirements of rooms in all
establishments as per Plumbing code of the Philippines.
Building traps or master traps – the first houses utilized indoor plumbing utilized a trap on the building drain pipe to
provide a water seal for keeping the sewer gases from coming back into the building.
The traps were then placed at each fixture to provide a barrier between the fixture and the drainage piping within the
house. In order to ensure that these barriers continued to work, a system of piping was installed to provide a way for
the plumbing system to breath.
Trap seal protection – the seal of ant fixture trap shall not be subjected to a pneumatic pressure differential.
1 inch of water column (249Pa) – the seal of any fixture trap shall not be subjected to a pneumatic pressure
differential.
Vents:
1. Allow building drains to flow freely by allowing air into the drain system, avoiding the vacuum and slow
drainage that would otherwise occur at fixtures.
2. Allow sewer gases to be vented safely outdoors.
Each plumbing fixtures trap, except as otherwise provided in the code, shall be protected against siphonage and
backpressure.
Air circulation – shall be assured throughout all parts of the excreta drainage system by means of vent pipes installed
in accordance with the requirements of the code.
Where permitted by administrative authority, vent piping may be omitted on an interceptor when such interceptor acts
as primary settling tank and discharges through horizontal indirect waste pipe into a secondary interceptor. The
second interceptor shall be properly vented.
Traps serving sink – which are part of the equipment of bars.
Soda fountains and counters – need not be vented.
Waste pipe – which does not connect directly with the building drainage.
Indirect waste pipe – system but discharges into it through a properly trapped fixture or receptacles.
Vent pipes – shall be cast iron, ductile cast iron, galvanized steel, galvanized wrought iron, lead, copper, brass,
schedule 40, ABS, DWV, series 1000, PVC, DWV or other materials having smooth and uniform bore.
Galvanized wrought iron or galvanized steel pipe – shall not be use in underground.
15 cm – shall be kept above ground.
Copper, cast iron, galvanized wrought iron or polyvinyl chloride pipes – for horizontal and vertical vent lines and vent
stacks.
Vent fittings – shall be cast iron, galvanized malleable iron or galvanized steel, lead, copper, brass, ABS, PVC.
Galvanized malleable iron or galvanized steel pipe and fittings – shall not buried underground for materials of
ventilation.
152 cm – shall be kept above FGL.
Changes in direction of the vent piping – shall be made by the appropriate use of approved fittings and no such pipe
shall be strained or bent.
Burred ends – shall be reamed to the full bore of the pipe.
The sizes of vent piping – shall be determined from its length and the total number of fixture units connected thereto,
as set forth in Table 7-5 of the code.
The length of horizontal portion of a vent may exceed one third (1/3) of the total length on vertical and horizontal
portions as limited by Table 7-5.
Vents and other vertical pipes – should be as straight as possible to prevent condensation from building in the pipes.
Horizontal pipes – should slant down toward fixtures so that gravity can push waste and water through the pipes.
These commonly run with a slope of ¼ inch (0.6 cm) down for each horizontal foot of piping or 2% slope.
All horizontal vent and branch vent pipes – shall be free from drops or sag and each such vent shall be graded and
connected to drip back by gravity to the drainage pipe it serves.
Where vents connect to a horizontal drainage pipe, such vent pipe connection shall have its invert taken off above the
drainage centerline of such pipe downstream of the trap being served.
152 mm – each vent shall rise vertically to a point above the highest flood level rim of the fixtures.
All vent pipes – shall be extend undiminished in size above the roof or shall be reconnected with the soil or waste
stack vent of proper size at a point below the roof.
VSTR – the vent through the roof.
One (1) pipe size – the vent through the roof shall be increased above the reconnection point of stack vent and
horizontal vent.
The vent pipe opening from a soil or waste pipe, except for water closets and similar fixtures, shall not be below the
weir of the trap.
Two (2) fixtures maybe served by a common vertical vent pipe when each such fixture wastes separately into an
approved double branch fitting having inlet openings at the same level.
15 cm – stack shall be terminated vertically above the roof. 0.3 m - from any vertical surface nearby.
3 m – each vent opening shall be terminated.
0.9 m – above any openable window, door opening, air intake or vent shaft.
0.9 m – away from any lot line, alley and street boundary lines.
Vent pipes – shall be extended separately or combined of full required size.
15 cm – vent pipes above the roof or fire wall.
Flag poling of vents – is prohibited except where the roof is used for purposes other than weather protection.
3 m – vertical vent pipes for outdoor installations shall extend from any part of the roof.
2.1 m – shall extend above such roof and shall be securely stayed.
Joints at the roof around stack vent pipes – shall be made watertight by the used of approved flashing material and
installation.
A sleeve type flashing – installed on the flat roof that may have water collect on it.
Rain cap – fits around stack terminal and over sleeve.
150 mm - minimum above the flood level of the roof.
Sleeve – may be circular and installed between layers of roofing materials.
Each soil or waste stack which extends ten (10) or more stories above the building drain shall be served by a parallel
vent stack which shall extend undiminished in size from its upper terminal at the roof and connect to the soil or waste
stack at ground level.
Vent stack – to maintain atmospheric pressure throughout the length of the soil or waste stack, provided a convenient
connection point for individual, branch and stack vents.
Vent stack – means a vent pipe that is connected at its upper end to the header or its terminal in an open air and that
is used to limit pressure differential in a soil or waste stack.
Yoke vent – at every fifth-floor level at the point of horizontal soil or waste branch.
Relief vent – nearby vent stack above the same floor.
The size of yoke vent shall be not less in diameter than either the soil stack or the vent stack, whichever is smaller.
1 m – above the floor level the yoke vent connection with the vent stack.
Main and soil waste vent – the vent pipe used to ventilate the soil and waste pipe. It is the main soil and waste vent of
the soil stack above the highest installed fixture branch extending through the roof.
Main vent – the portion of the vent pipe system serving as terminal for the smaller forms of individual and grouped
fixture trap ventilation.
Main vent – collecting vent line.
Individual vent – the portion of the vent pipe system that serves a single trap. It is connected closer to the trap directly
underneath the back of the fixture and connected to the main vent.
Group venting is used with the following conditions:
1. It must be connected as close as possible to the fixture traps.
2. It should be directly located underneath or back of the fixture.
3. It must be connected to the main vent.
Sizing individual vents – when the vent pipe of a given diameter reaches its maximum permitted length, the vent pipe
must be increased in diameter to the next largest pipe size.
Unit vent or dual vent – the portion of the vent pipe system that ventilates two fixture traps that discharges in a
sanitary cross. This type of venting is common to fixture trap serving apartment and hotel toilet particularly.
Circuit vent – the portion of the vent pipe system that ventilates two or more fixture traps on a horizontal soil or waste
branch. Generally, the use of circuit vent reduces the cost of plumbing installation. This type of ventilation is
commonly use in building with more facilities and battery of fixtures.
Circuit vent – means a vent pipe that functions for two or more traps connecting to a horizontal branch.
Relief vents - is installed to ventilate the soil and waste pipe and the connecting branches rather than the fixture
traps. Relief vents provide additional air to the drainage system where the primary vent is too far from the fixture.
Yoke vent – means a vent pipes that is connected at its lower end to a soil or waste stack and its upper end to a vent
stack or a branch vent that is connected to a vent stack.
Yoke vent – its purpose is to maintain the atmospheric pressure in soil, waste and vent stacks.
It is required in buildings 10 storeys and higher.
Lopped vent – is the installation use on fixtures a room away from partitions.
Wet vent – is defined as that portion of the vent pipe system where liquid waste regularly flows. Under this type of
ventilation, the main vent is eliminated and cost is reduced.
Wet vent – means a waste pipe that also serves as a vent pipe.
All the fixtures must be located at the same floor. Wet vent must connect to horizontal waste pipe of p-trapped wet
vented fixture.
450 mm – minimum wet vent must be installed downstream from weir of a p-trapped wet vented fixture.
1500 mm – maximum.
Galvanized wrought iron or galvanized steel pipe – shall not be used in underground for drainage system.
152 mm – shall be kept above the ground.
ABS and PVC DWV – piping installation shall be used in high rise buildings, provided that its use shall be the
discretion of the Master Plumber / Designer and also with full consent of the owner.
Vitrified clay pipes or fittings – no for building drain or sewer shall be used above ground or whenever piping is
pressurized by a pump or ejector.
0.3 m – VCP shall be kept below FGL.
Drainage fittings – shall be malleable iron, lead, brass, etc.
Fittings of screwed pipe joints – shall be recessed drainage type.
2% or 20 mm/m grade – threads of drainage fittings shall be tapped.
Cast iron threaded fittings – used on drainage pipes.
Taps and dies – are tools use to create screw threads which is called threading.
Tap – is use to cut or form the female portion of the mating part.
Die – is use to cut or form the male portion of the mating part.
Tapping – the process of cutting or forming threads using a tap.
Threading – the process using a die.
Chasing – both tools can be used to clean up a thread.
Fixture unit rating of plumbing fixtures – shall be based on the rated discharge capacity in liters per second in
accordance with Table 7-3.
Self-serving laundries – exceptions for maximum trap loading.
The minimum sizes of vertical and horizontal drainage piping – shall be determined from the total of all fixture units
connected thereto and addition in the case of vertical drainage pipes in accordance with their height and length.
Table 7.5 – shows the maximum number of fixture units allowed on any vertical or horizontal drainage pipes.
The size and discharge rating of each indirect waste receptor and each interceptor shall be based on the total rated
discharge capacity of all equipment, appliances discharging therein to in accordance with Table 7-3.
Drainage piping serving batteries of appliances capable of producing continuous flows shall be adequately sized to
provide for peak load.
Clothes washers in groups of 3 or more shall be rated 6 fixture units each for the common horizontal and vertical
waste pipe sizing.
Water closets – shall be computed as 6 fixture units when determining septic tank.
Trap size – shall not be increased to a point where the fixture discharge may be inadequate to maintain their self-
scouring properties.
Shall be determine by administrative authority – 3.15L/s.
Sump pump, ejector, AC equipment or similar devices – continuous flow in the drainage system, two fixture units
shall be allowed for every 0.063 L/s of flow.
1 Gpm = 0.0063 Lps
Fixture connections – excreta drainage.
Drainage piping – shall be provided with approved inlet fittings for fixture connections correctly located according to
the size and type of fixture proposed to be connected.
Changes in direction of drainage piping – shall be made by appropriate use of approved fittings.
Each horizontal drainage pipe shall be provided with a cleanout at its upper terminal and each run of piping which is
more than 15 m in total developed length shall be provided with cleanout and at every 15 m length or a fraction
thereof.
Cleanouts may be omitted on a horizontal drain line less than 1.5 m in length unless such line is serving sinks or
urinals.
Cleanouts maybe omitted on short horizontal drainage pipe installed at a slope 72 degrees or less from the vertical
line or an angle 1/5 bend.
An additional cleanout shall be provided on a horizontal line with an aggregate offset angle of direction exceeding 135
degrees.
Each cleanout shall be installed so it opens in the direction of flow to allow cleaning of the soil or waste line.
Each cleanout extension shall be considered as drainage piping and 90 degrees cleanout extension shall be
extended from a wye type fitting or other approved fitting of equivalent sweep.
Approve type of two-way cleanout fittings – installed inside the building wall near the connection between the building
drain and building sewer.
Cleanout – is required at the junction between the building drain and building sewer.
Cleanouts located under cover plates shall be installed to provide clearance and accessibility required.
51mm below – diameter of pipes which clearance in front is 305 mm.
51mm above – diameter of pipes which clearance in front is 0.45 m.
0.45 m vertical and 0.75 m horizontal – clearance from the means of access to such cleanout.
0.61 m – no under floor cleanout shall be located from an access doors, trap door or crawl hole.
Cleanout fittings – shall be not less in size than those give in Table 7-6.
Cleanouts – shall be provided for pressure drainage systems.
Countersunk cleanout plug – shall be installed where raised heads may cause hazard to passing personnel or
vehicles.
Hubless blind plug – used for required cleanout, the complete coupling and plug shall be accessible for removal or
replacement.
2% or 20 mm/m – uniform slope of horizontal drainage piping towards the point of disposal.
1% or 10 mm/m – for pipes 102 mm diameter and larger.
¼ inch/foot – minimum slope of drain pipes.
3 inches/foot – maximum slope of drain pipe.
Constant drain clogs – happen if slope is less than ¼ inch/foot.
Flow velocity – can be increased by increasing the slope of the pipe or by using small diameter.
3f/s or 0.9m/s – an optimum self-cleansing velocity for drain.
Uniform flow – V = 1.486/n X R2/3 X S1/2 (Robert Manning Formula).
V = velocity, n = coefficient representing roughness of pipe surface, degree of fouling.
R = hydraulic radius (hydraulic mean depth of flow) in ft.
S = hydraulic slope of surface in ft/ft (sample 0.02 ft/ft for 2% slope).
Quantity of flow, Q = AV, where Q = cfs
A = cross sectional area of flow in ft2.
Hydraulic radius – is a measure of a channel flow efficiency.
Drainage pipe must be of the right size to have a liquid flow of about 50% of the pipe diameter to attain scouring
action. This is where 2% slope becomes more effective.
Approved type backwater valve – installing in the drainage piping to protect backflow of sewage.
50.8 mm – diameter of minimum size of any pump discharge or any discharge pipe from a sump having a water
closet connected.
Sump pump – is a machine designed to get rid of water from flooding or other excess water in a structures basement.
Sewage ejector pump – are designed to remove not just water but waste and other small materials from the building
to the septic tank or the sewage system.
Gate valve – shall be located in the discharge side of the backwater or check valve.
Vertical discharge line - for ejector, pump, etc. shall be provided with an accessible backwater or swing check valve
and gate valve close to the connection with horizontal line.
Building drain or sewer drain – receiving discharge from any pump or ejector. Two (2) fixture units shall be allowed for
each 0.063 L/s or (1Gpm) of flow or each Gpm flow.
Sumps and receiving tanks – shall be watertight and shall be constructed of concrete, metal or other approved
materials.
All such sumps and receiving tanks shall be automatically discharged and when rated as public use occupancy shall
be provided with dual pumps or ejectors arranged to function independently in case of overload or mechanical failure.
51 mm – minimum distance of invert of the lowest inlet to the tank above high water or starting level of pumping
operations.
51 mm – diameter of vent pipe for sumps and receiving tanks.
No vent from an air operating sewage ejector shall be combine with other vents.
Fixture outlets – shall not be connected horizontal excreta drainage piping system within 2.4 m of any vertical to
horizontal change of direction of a stack containing suds producing fixtures.
Suds – the bubbles on the surface of water in which soap, detergents, etc. have been dissolved.
Exceptions:
1. Single family residences
2. Stacks receiving the discharge from less the 3 storeys of plumbing fixtures.
DENR – the building sewer maybe connected to a private sewage disposal system complying with the provisions of
the code.
Principle no.17 – if water closet or other plumbing fixtures are installed in the building where there is no sewer within
reasonable distance, suitable provision shall be made for disposing of the building sewage by some accepted method
of waste treatment and disposal such as septic tank.
Type of sewage disposal system:
1. Cesspool
2. Privy
3. Septic tank
4. Public sewer line
Cesspool – it is an underground holding tank (sealed at the bottom) or a soak pit (not sealed at the bottom).
Privy – it is a concrete sealed vault with wooden shelter constructed for the collection of raw sewage. It is often use in
the Philippines, popular in 80’s and 90’s.
Septic tank – it is a watertight box, usually made of concrete or fiberglass with an inlet and outlet pipe.
Public sewer line – it is a public sewage system operated and maintained by the government consisting of sewage
treatment plant that conveys the raw sewage from the building and houses to a disposal system.
Table B-2 and B-3 – the liquid capacity of all septic tanks.
Table 7-2 – number of bedrooms or apartments units in dwelling occupancies and the estimated waste / sewage
design flow rate or the number of plumbing fixture units.
Table B-5 – soil structure classification.
Table B-4 – required septic tank capacity in liters and estimated waste / sewage flowrate whichever is greater.
Drain field – is a network of a perforated pipes laid in gravel filled trenches or beds.
Seepage pit – is a well that is lined with a porous masonry in which the household waste discharges from a septic
tank and is collected for gradual seepage into the ground, sometimes used as a substitute for a drain field.
Private sewage disposal system – a septic tank with the effluent discharging into a subsurface disposal field, seepage
pits or of such other facilities as maybe permitted by the plumbing code.
Seepage pit – a loosely lined excavation in the ground, which receives the discharge of a septic tank and designed to
permit the effluent from the septic tank to seep through the pit bottom and sides. Circular in shape and shall have an
excavated diameter of not less than 2.20 m.
Table B-4 – disposal field and seepage pit sizes.
The most important aspects of drain fields are the permeability of the soil and the system design.
Perc test – testing of the ground with a percolation test.
Percolation test –determines the absorption capability of the soil at the site.
60 mins – the soil is not suited for a seepage pit.
30 mins – indicates borderline suitability for soil absorption.
150 mm – refill the hole to a depth while the bottom of the hole is still wet.
25 mm – calculate the time required for the water level to drop.
Plans for all septic tanks – shall be submitted to administrative authority for approval.
2 compartments – for septic tanks.
2/3 – the inlet compartment of the septic tank shall not be less than of the total capacity of the tank.
2m3 – liquid capacity of septic tank.
0.9m – width and 1.5m length – for septic tank.
0.6m nor more than 1.8m – liquid depth of septic tank.
1m3 – secondary compartment of septic tank.
1/3 – maximum capacity of the total capacity of tanks.
In septic tanks having over 6m3 capacity, the secondary compartment may not be less than 1.5 m in length.
2 manholes – access to septic tanks.
508 mm –minimum dimension of removable cover slab.
1 manhole - shall located in the inlet.
1 manhole - shall located in the outlet.
3.7mm – if the first compartment exceed and additional manhole shall be provided over the baffle wall.
104.6 mm – size of connecting sewer pipe.
106.6 mm – horizontal dimension when measured at the inlet and outlet pipe inverts.
101.6 mm – above the inlet and outlet pipe or baffle shall extend.
304.8 mm – below the water surface.
50.8 mm – level of the invert of inlet pipe above the invert of the outlet pipe.
228.6 mm – the side shall extend above the liquid depth.
50.8 mm – the cover of the septic tank shall be above the back-vent openings.
101.6 mm – partition shall be extended above the liquid level.
104.6 mm – inverted fittings equivalent in size to the tank inlet.
Wooden baffles – are prohibited.
14.4 Kpa – all septic tank covers shall be capable of supporting earth load.
9 m – maximum cover of septic tank.
Concrete septic tanks – shall be protected from corrosion by coating with an approved bituminous coating.
101.6 mm – the coating shall extend below the water line.
Gauge no. 12 (0.109)(2.8 mm) – the minimum thickness of any steel tank.
Wooden septic tank – prohibited.
Distribution lines – shall be constructed of clay tile.
25.4 mm – all smeared or compacted surfaces shall be removed from the trenches by raking to a depth.
19.1 mm to 63.5 mm – sizes of clean stone, gravel and slag.
25.4 mm – level of inlet for distribution box.
The capacity of seepage pits shall be based on the quantity of liquid waste discharging thereto and on the character
of the porosity of the surrounding soil.
304.8 mm – approved vented leg fitting extending below the inlet fitting for multiple seepage pits.
2.2 m – diameter of seepage pit.
1.8 m – approval shall be made prior to construction for any pit having an excavated diameter greater than.
17225 Kpa – minimum compressive strength of brick or block used seepage pit construction.
Cesspool – considered only as a temporary expedient pending the construction of a public sewer.
Less than 2 years – public sewer system will be available.
6.1 m – minimum sidewall below the inlet for seepage pits.
1.2 m – thickness of gravel.
3.1 m – depth of the sidewall below the inlet.
Table B-1 – installation of interceptors.
2 compartments – designed for interceptors.
Separate disposal system – waste discharge from the interceptors maybe connected to the septic tank or other
primary system or be disposed.
1.5 m – every abandoned building sewer shall be plugged or capped within the property line.
30 days – abandoned facilities.
Topic No. 05
1. House drain and House sewer 2. Storm drainage system
3. Indirect waste piping, wet vented system and special waste
House drain – is the part of the lowest horizontal piping of a Plumbing system which receives the discharges from soil,
waste and other drainage pipes inside of a building and conveys it to the house sewer outside of the building.
House sewer – is that part of a plumbing system extending from the house drain at aa point of 0.60m from the outside
face of the foundation wall of a building to the junction with the street sewer or to any point of discharge and conveying
the drainage.
Sewer required – every building in which plumbing are installed and every premises having drainage piping thereon,
shall have a connection to a public or private excreta sewage system.
When no public sewer intended to serve any lot, or premises is available in any thoroughfare or right of way abutting
such lot within the premises, drainage piping from any building or works shall be connected to an approved private
sewage disposal system by the administrative authority.
Within the limits prescribed below hereof, the re arrangement or subdivision into small parcels of a lot which abuts and
is served by a public sewer shall not be deemed / considered cause to permit the construction of a private sewage
disposal system and all plumbing or drainage systems on any such smaller parcel shall not connect to the existing
public sewer fronting the lots.
61m – exterior drainage facility connected thereto is located from any proposed building or exterior drainage facility on
any lot or premises thereat.
No permit - shall be issued for the installation, alteration or repair of any private sewage disposal system or part thereof
for any lot which can connect with an existing public sewer fronting the lot.
On every lot or premises hereafter connected to a public sewer, all plumbing and drainage systems or parts thereof on
such lot or premises shall be connected with such public sewer.
No rain, surface or sub surface waters shall be connected to or discharge into any excreta drainage system, unless
first approved by the administrative authority.
No cesspool and septic tanks effuents, seepage pit or under drain system shall be connected to the excreta building
sewer leading to public sewer main.
No commercial food waste grinder shall be connected to a private or public sewage disposal system unless permission
has first been obtained from the administrative authority.
0.6m – the building sewer beginning from the outside face of the wall of building or structure shall be of such materials
as approved by the administrative authority under the approval procedures set forth in the code.
Excreta drainage piping – shall be cast iron, ductile iron, galvanized steel, galvanized wrought iron, lead, copper, brass,
series 1000 PVC DWV, ESVCP, or other approved materials having smooth and uniform bore.
Jointing methods and materials - shall be as prescribed in the code available to the sewer lines.
Caulked joints – for bell and spigot cast iron soil pipe (CISP) and other similar joints shall be firmly packed with oakum
or hemp and filled with molten pig lead to a depth of not less than 25.4mm.
Cement mortar joints – except for repairs and connections to the existing lines constructed with such joints, cement
mortar joints are prohibited on new building sewers.
Solvent cement plastic pipe joints – plastic pipe and fittings designed to be joined by solvent cementing.
Hub less cast iron pipe joints – joints for hub less cast iron soil pipe and fittings used in sanitary drain, waste and vent
(DWV), sewer and storm drainage applications. This system is intended for use in non-pressure applications.
Fusion weld joints – is the generic term for welding process that rely upon melting to join materials of similar
compositions and melting points.
Markings – building sewer or private sewage disposal system shall conform to the approval requirements of the code
and shall be marked and identified in a manner satisfactory to the administrative authority.
The minimum size of any building sewer shall be determined on the basis of the total number of fixture units drained
by such sewer.
150mm – diameter for no building sewer shall be smaller than the building drain.
Fixture units – is an arbitrary quantity in terms of which the load producing effects or water requirements on the plumbing
system of different kinds of plumbing fixtures are expressed in some arbitrarily chosen scale. One fixture unit is
equivalent to a rate of flow at 28.3 liters per minute (1ft3/min).
Plumbing units – a minimum standard quantity of plumbing fixtures that discharges wastes into a plumbing installation
including: 1 water meter, 1 water closet, 1 lavatory, 1 shower head and drain for a bathtub or shower stall, 1 kitchen
sink, 1 laundry tray, 3 floor drains, 4 faucet / hose bibb.
Building sewers – shall be run in the practical alignment at a uniform slope of not less than 2% or 20mm/m toward the
point of disposal to the septic tank or to the street sewer main.
To obtain a slope of 2% or 20mm/m any such pipe or piping 102mm and 152.4mm in diameter may have a slope not
less than s = 1% (10.5mm/meter) and any such piping 203mm diameter and larger may have a slope of not less than
s = 0.5% ( 5.3mm/m).
Building sewer piping - shall be laid on a firm bed throughout its entire length and any such piping laid on made or
fitted-in ground shall be laid over concrete cradle or on bed of other approved materials or shall be adequately supported
to the satisfaction of administrative authority.
Cleanouts – shall be placed inside the building near the connection between the building drain and building sewer or
installed outside the building at the lower end of the building drain and extended to the grade.
Two-way cleanout fittings – installed at connection point of building drain and building sewer outside the building may
be installed in lieu of a single cleanout.
Additional building sewer cleanout shall be installed not to exceed 15m on center on straight runs and for each
aggregate change in direction exceeding 135 degrees.
When a building sewer or a branch thereof does not exceed 3m in length and is a short straight line extension from a
building drain which is provided with a cleanout, no cleanout will be required at its point of connection to the building
drain.
All required building sewer cleanouts shall be extended to grade.
Cleanouts – installed under concrete or asphalt paving shall be made accessible by strong yard boxes with hinged
cover or extending the top cover with countersunk operating nut flush with paving with approved materials and be
adequately supported.
91m – the maximum distance between manholes.
The inlet and outlet pipe connections of manholes shall be made by the use of flexible compression joints no closer
than 0.3m from outside of the manhole.
Flexible compression joints – shall be not embedded in the manhole base.
Water pipes – building sewer within the building shall not be run or laid in the same trench.
0.3m – the bottom of the water pipes at all points above the top of sewer or drain line.
0.3m – the water pipes shall be placed on a solid shelf excavated at 1 side of the common trench with a minimum clear
horizontal distance from the sewer or drain line.
0.3m – drainage piping clay materials which is not approved for use within a building shall be laid above the sewer or
drain line.
3m – water pipe joints shall be installed away from sewer lines in both directions.
Within the building – means within the fixed limits of the building foundation.
15.2m – all drainage piping shall clear domestic water supply wells.
7.6m – the distance may be reduced when the drainage piping s constructed of approved materials for use within a
building.
Provide access to connect a building sewer to an available public sewer, when proper cause and legal easement not
in violation of other requirements has been first established to the satisfaction of the administrative authority.
Provide additional space for a building sewer when proper cause, transfer of ownership or change of boundary not in
violation of other requirements has been first established to the satisfaction of administrative authority.
Local Register of Deeds – an agreement shall be recorded in the office as part of the conditions or ownership of
properties.
1.5m – every abandoned building sewer or part thereof shall be plugged or capped in an approved manner property
line.
Top cover or arch cover – over the cesspool, septic tank or seepage pit shall be removed before filling and the filling
shall not extend above the top of the vertical portions of the sidewalls or above the level of any outlet.
30days – the permittee making the connections shall be fill all abandoned facilities as require by administrative authority
from the time of connecting the sewer service line to the public sewer.
Storm drain, surface water drain, storm water drain - is designed to drain excess rain and ground water from impervious
surfaces such as paved street, car park, parking lots, footpaths, sidewalk and roof.
Storm drains – vary in design from small residential dry wells to large municipal systems.
Strom drainage – are required for roof areas, court and courtyard to collect storm water and discharge the storm water
to an approved point of disposal not in conflict in other ordinances or regulations.
Storm drains – are separated and distinct from sanitary sewer systems.
Catch basins – allow pipes coming from the different directions and elevation to converge at specific locations.
Catch basins – is a part of storm drain or sewer system that is designed to trap debris so that it cannot enter the
drainage pipes.
Manhole – is the top opening to an underground used to house an access point for making connections, inspection or
performing maintenance on underground and buried.
Side inlets – are located adjacent to the curb and rely on the ability of the opening under the back stone or lintel capture
flow.
Grated inlets – have gratings or grid to prevent people, vehicles, large objects or debris from falling into the drain.
Grate bars – are spaced so that the flow of water is not impeded but sediment and small objects can also fall through.
Outlet – most drains have a single large exit at their point of discharge (often covered by grating) into a canal, river,
lake, reservoir, sea or ocean.
Rainwater downspout – or conductor piping placed within the interior of the building inside a vertical pipe chase or run
within a vent shaft.
26-gauge galvanized sheet metal – rainwater downspout or conductor located on the exterior side of a low height
buildings.
Rainwater piping – located within a medium height building basement area.
Downspout – for high rise buildings shall be of stronger pipe materials to resist the high hydrostatic pressure inside the
vertical downspout installed within the pipe chase which has no intermediate branch from the roof to the ground level.
0.6m – water piping commencing from the exterior of a building may be of suitable approved materials permitted in the
installation requirements of the code.
Rainwater piping – shall not be used as soil, waste and vent pipes. Installed in locations where they may be subjected
to damage shall be protected.
Plastic piping – shall be protected from UV radiation by a factory apply protective coating or painted with a compatible
latex paint. Piping and solvent cements shall be approved for the intended use.
Roof drains, overflow drains and rainwater piping – used in the building construction shall be previously tested and
accepted in conformity with the provisions of the code.
Roof drains – shall be cast iron, copper or other corrosion resistant materials.
Strainers – roof drains shall be equipped extending not less than to 102mm above the surface of the roof immediately
adjacent to the drain.
Dome type strainers – shall have minimum total net inlet area of one (1) and one half (1 1/2) times the area of the outlet
pipe to which it is connected.
Roof deck strainers – for use on sun decks, parking decks and similar occupied areas shall be an approved flat surface
type which is level with the deck. Such drains shall have a total net area not less than two (2) times the area of the
outlet pipe to which the drain is connected.
Strainers serving shower drains – shall have waterway equivalent to the area of the tailpiece.
In all cases the outlet connections are inside caulk or female screwed.
102mm/hr – rainfall intensity is used around Manila area.
Plumbing engineer – often work on project that because of location are governed by the different plumbing codes.
Vertical rainwater piping – shall be sized in accordance with Table 11-1, which is based upon maximum depth in mm
or rainfall per hour falling upon a given roof area in square meter.
Vertical wall areas – where vertical walls project above a roof so as to permit storm water to drain to adjacent roof area
below.
Tables 11-2 as follows:
1 wall – add 50% of area of the wall to the roof area.
2 adjacent walls – add 35% of the total wall areas to the roof area.
2 walls opposite each other and of same heights – add no additional area to the roof.
2 walls opposite of differing heights – add 50% of wall area above top of lower wall to the roof area.
3 sides - add 50% area of the inner wall below the top of lowest wall, plus allowance for area of wall above top of the
lowest wall.
Walls of 4 sides – no allowance for wall areas below top of lowest wall add for areas above top lowest wall.
The area of the side of a tall building exposed to rain is taken as ½ of the gross area.
No evaporative cooler, air washer or similar a/c equipment shall have any drain pipe in connection therewith directly
connected to any soil, waste and vent pipes.
Indirect waste pipes – equipment shall be drained.
Cooling and ac equipment – may be separated by an air break.
All food equipment – shall be separated from the drainage system by full air gap.
The following must be indirectly drained:
1. Ice machines 4. Mechanical dishwashers
2. Salad bars 5. Dipper wells
3. Food preparation sinks
25mm – the airgap for drainage between the plumbing fixtures, appliance or appurtenances outlet and the rim of the
floor sink or receptor.
Air break – is used to indirectly connect a drainage pipe to another drainage pipe.
25mm (1inch) – an air break is created by leaving an unobstructed vertical gap from the discharge of a fixture and the
receptacles that receive it. This distance or the size of the pipe.
Air break – a condensate drain piped to a floor sink below the flood rim.
Airgap – it drained above the floor rim.
Airgap, water distribution – an unobstructed vertical distance through the free atmosphere between the lowest opening
from any pipe or faucet conveying potable water to the flood level rim of any tank, vat or fixture.
No plumbing fixtures served by indirect waste pipes or receiving discharge there from shall be installed until first
approved by the administrative authority.
Indirect waste piping – except as hereinafter provided the size and installation of indirect waste piping shall be in
accordance with the section of the code applicable to drainage and vent piping.
1.5m but less than 4.6m – indirect waste pipes length shall be directly trapped but such traps need not be vented.
4.6m but less than 13m – indirect waste pipes length need not be larger in diameter than the drain outlet or tailpiece of
the fixtures, appliance or equipment served.
Angle and changes of directions – in such indirect waste pipes shall be provided with cleanouts to permit flushing and
cleaning.
0.8m nor less than 0.45m – no stand pipe receptor for any clothes washer shall extend above its trap.
15cm not more than 45cm – no trap for any clothes washer stand pipe receptors shall be installed below the floor but
shall be roughed above the floor.
Indirect waste receptors – shall be not installed in any toilet room, closet, cupboard or store room nor in any other
partition of the buildings.
Indirect waste connections – shall be provided for drains, overflows or relief vents from the water supply system and
no piping or equipment carrying wastes or producing waste or other discharges under pressure shall be directly
connected to any part of the drainage system.
Sterile materials – shall be drained through an airgap.
Approved type open receptor – appliances outlets may be drained by indirect waste pipes discharging into.
Domestic dishwashing machine – shall be not directly connected to a drainage system of food waste disposer without
the use of an approved dishwasher airgap fitting on the discharge side of washing machine.
152mm – such trap connection shall be by means of a pipe connected to the inlet side of an approved fixture traps, the
upper end terminating in a funnel shaped receptacle set adjacent above the overflow rim of the fixtures.
Drinking fountains – may be installed with indirect waste.
60C – temperature of water be discharge under pressure directly into any part of a drainage system.
102mm – thickness of walls and bottom of sumps, condenser or intercepting tanks constructed of concrete.
13mm – thickness of inside shall be cement plastered.
Gauge no. 12 or 2.77mm – condensers constructed of metal.
9.29m2 – to be used only with boilers of heating surface or less.
Chemical or industrial liquid waste – likely to damage or increase maintenance costs on the excreta drainage system.
3.2mm – wall thickness each vent pipe shall be constructed of chemical resistant glass lined pipe, high silicon iron pipe,
lead pipe.
All jointing materials – shall be of approved type and quality.
The owner – shall make and keep permanent records of the location of all piping and venting carrying chemical waste.
Chemical vent – shall not connected or intersect vents for other services.
Chemical waste – shall not be discharged into the ground, local sewer or other disposal means.
Common vent sizing – shall be the sum of fixture units served but in no case smaller than the minimum vent pipe size
required for any fixture served.
152mm – connected to other vents at a point above the flood level rim of the fixture served.
2% or 21mm/m – drainage fittings shall be used on all parts of the vent below the floor level and such a vent line.
The return bend used under the drain board shall be a 1 piece fittings or an assembly of a 45 degree elbows.
Combination of waste and vent system – a special system of venting in which the waste piping is purposely oversized.
Combination of waste and vent system – means of a common waste and vent pipes. Shall be permitted only where
structural conditions preclude the installation of conventional system as otherwise prescribed by the Code.
Each waste pipe and each trap in any CW & VS shall be at least 2 pipes sizes larger than the sizes required by the
code and at least 2 pipe sizes larger than any fixture tailpiece or connection.
0.6m – such tailpiece or connections shall be short as possible and in no case.
51mm – diameter of cleanouts may not be required on any wet vented branch serving a single trap when the fixture
tailpiece or connection.
32mm – 1 inlet serving not more than 2.8m3 of refrigeration space.
51mm – 4 to 12m3, 32mm inlets or the equivalent refrigeration space.
76mm – 13 to 36m3, 32mm inlets or the equivalent refrigeration space.
Air conditioning condensate waste pipes - shall be connect indirectly to its drainage system through an airgap or air
break.
10.5mm/m or 1% slope – the capacity of waste pipes assumes with the pipe running ¾ full.