ALL ABOUT LIBRARY

A library is a collection of sources of information and similar resources, made accessible to a defined
community for reference or borrowing.[1] It provides physical or digital access to material, and may be a
physical building or room, or a virtual space, or both.[2] A library's collection can include books, periodicals,
newspapers, manuscripts, films, maps, prints, documents, microform, CDs, cassettes, videotapes, DVDs, Blu-
ray Discs, e-books, audiobooks, databases, and other formats. Libraries range in size from a few shelves of
books to several million items.

8 COMMON SECTIONS ON LIBRARY

Circulation Section-Circulation Desk, reservation, loaning and returning materials. For charging and
discharging.
Reference Section-Section that provides quick and accessible information in any particular topic.
E.g. Almanac, Dictionary, Encyclopedia, Manulas, Atlas, Guidebooks, Directory, Yearbook.
Periodical Section-Section wherein you are able to find any news related topic and information.
E.g. Newspaper, Newsletter, Magazine, Journals, Government publications, Pamphelts, Brochures, and leaflet.
Thesis Section-Section wherein statements that discussed and proved will found.
E.g. Thesis, Dissertation, Abstract
Filipiniana Section- Published within Philippines, it’s history, Culture, and people, and written only by Filipino
Authors.
E.g. Noli Me Tangere, El Filibusterismo.
Fiction Section- Section wherein you are able to find some written stories about people or events from different
authors.
E.g. Novels, Poems, Plays, Short Stories, Literary Works, and Anthologies.
Children’s Section- Section wherein the books are for children related.
E.g. Educational Books, Big Books, Fairytale books, Alphabet Books.
Internet Section- this section is for surfing purposes wherein you are able to use Internet Connection through
using Computers.

Card Catalogue
A card catalogue is an individual entry in the library catalogue, a list of books, maps, sound recording or
materials in other medium that represents a collection arranged alphabetically by authors, titles, numbers or
subject.
The main purpose is:
to record, describe, an index the holding of a collection.
To enable a user to find a book when one of the author, or title, or subject is known.

Parts of Catalogue
*call number of the book
*name of the author
*title of the book
*publisher and place of publication
*copyright date
*number of pages
Dewey Decimal System
The Dewey Decimal System is a proprietary library classification system in order to provide pattern and find
books easily. This was first published in the United States by Melvin Dewey. He was an American Librarian
and Educator. He created that system when he was 21 years old.

Dewey decimal classification can be found in the spine label so that it can be easily seen.

DDC IS DIVIDED INTO 10 CATEGORIES

000-099-Generalities (Encyclopedias, News Media, Rare books.

100-199-Philosophy (Paranormal Phenomena, Psychology, Logic.)
200-299-Religion (Bible, History of Christianity, Other Religion)
300-399-Social Science (Government, Education, Folklore)
400-499-Language (English, Filipino, other languages)
500-599-Natural Sciences (Mathematics, Earth Science, Biology, Zoology)
600-699-Technology (Medicine, Agriculture, Family Living, Inventions)
700-799-The Arts (Drawing, Music, Performance arts)
800-899-Literature (Literature of different countries, story, poem, palys, etc.)
900-999-Geography (Geography, Ancient history)

ENCYCLOPEDIA

Encyclopedias are collections of short, factual entries, often written by different contributors who are
knowledgeable about the topic. There are two types of encyclopedias: general and subject.
Before the internet, encyclopedias were the main source of information for book reports and general
knowledge.
The encyclopedia has more than 45,000 articles, most of them more than 500 words and many running to
considerable length (the "United States" article is over 300,000 words). The work's coverage of American and
Canadian geography and history has been a traditional strength.
It is arrange alphabetically, each volume or books set contains a a different letter that can be shown in the spine
of encyclopedia.

2 types of Encyclopedia

General Encyclopedia- General encyclopedias are large, multi-volume reference works that cover a broad range
of topics, each without a great deal of depth. Due to the number of topics covered, the information contained in
such volumes has limited depth but gives enough information to provide key words and possible sources for
further research. Historically, general encyclopedias were alphabetized and printed in multivolume sets to be
included in schools of all levels.
E.g.
Encyclopedia Britanica-is a general knowledge English-language encyclopaedia. It is written by about 100 full-
time editors and more than 4,000 contributors, who have included 110 Nobel Prize winners and five American
presidents. (It is available now online)

Encyclopedia Americana-one of the largest general encyclopedia that produced by scholastic. Long available as
a 30-volume print set, the Encyclopedia Americana is now marketed as an online encyclopedia requiring a
subscription.

Subject Encyclopedia- A single- or multi-volume encyclopedia which is devoted to a specific subject or field of
study.
E.g.

Encyclopedia of Aesthetics
Encyclopedia of the Holocaust
Encyclopedia of Psychology

Additional Information: Encyclopedia Dramatica is one of the known online encyclopedia and satirical website
encylopedia consist of wiki and prodced by Wikimedia, it lampoons encyclopedia topics and current events,
especially those related or relevant to contemporary Internet culture.

THESAURUS
In general usage, a thesaurus is a reference work that lists words grouped together according to similarity of
meaning (containing synonyms and sometimes antonyms), in contrast to a dictionary, which provides
definitions for words, and generally lists them in alphabetical order. The main purpose of such reference works
for users "to find the word, or words, by which [an] idea may be most fitly and aptly expressed" to quote Peter
Mark Roget, architect of the best known thesaurus in the English language.
Although including synonyms, a thesaurus should not be taken as a complete list of all the synonyms for a
particular word. The entries are also designed for drawing distinctions between similar words and assisting in
choosing exactly the right word. Unlike a dictionary, a thesaurus entry does not give the definition of words.
In library science and information science, thesauri have been widely used to specify domain models. Recently,
thesauri have been implemented with Simple Knowledge Organization System (SKOS).
Etymology
The word "thesaurus" is derived from 16th-century New Latin, in turn from Latin thēsaurus, which is the
Latinisation of the Greek θησαυρός (thēsauros), "treasure, treasury, storehouse".The word thēsauros is of
uncertain etymology. Douglas Harper derives it from the root of the Greek verb τιθέναι tithenai, "to put, to
place." Robert Beekes rejected an Indo-European derivation and suggested a Pre-Greek suffix *-arwo-.
From the 16th to the 19th centuries, the term "thesaurus" was applied to any dictionary or encyclopedia, as in
the Thesaurus linguae latinae (1532), and the Thesaurus linguae graecae (1572). The meaning "collection of
words arranged according to sense" is first attested in 1852 in Roget's title and thesaurer is attested in Middle
English for "treasurer".
History
Peter Mark Roget, author of the first thesaurus.
In antiquity, Philo of Byblos authored the first text that could now be called a thesaurus. In Sanskrit, the
Amarakosha is a thesaurus in verse form, written in the 4th century.
The first modern thesaurus was Roget's Thesaurus, first compiled in 1805 by Peter Mark Roget, and published
in 1852. Since its publication it has never been out of print and is still a widely used work across the English-
speaking world. Entries in Roget's Thesaurus are listed conceptually rather than alphabetically. Roget described
his thesaurus in the foreword to the first edition.
Types of Thesaurus
There are two types of thesauri:
1. General

A number of general thesauri are available, including:

Thesaurus of English Words & Phrases (ed. P. Roget); ISBN 0-06-272037-6
The Synonym Finder (ed. J. I. Rodale); ISBN 0-87857-236-8
Webster's New World Thesaurus (ed. C. Laird); ISBN 0-671-51983-2
Oxford American Desk Thesaurus (ed. C. Lindberg); ISBN 0-19-512674-2
Random House Word Menu by Stephen Glazier; ISBN 0-679-40030-3, a blend of thesaurus, dictionary, and
glossary.

2. Special
A specialized thesaurus is designed for particular user groups; discipline specific vocabularies and professional
terms are selected and arranged.

A number of thesauri are available including:

NAL Agricultural Thesaurus, (United States National Agricultural Library, United States Department of
Agriculture)
Evaluation Thesaurus (by. M. Scriven); ISBN 0-8039-4364-4
Great Song Thesaurus (by R. Lax & F. Smith); ISBN 0-19-505408-3
Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms (APA); ISBN 1-55798-775-0
Clinician's Thesaurus, (by E.Zuckerman); ISBN 1-57230-569-X
Art and Architecture Thesaurus, (Getty Institute)
AGROVOC Thesaurus, (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations)
GEneral Multilingual Environmental Thesaurus, (European Environment Agency)

Online and electronic thesaurus

Online thesaurus

The online thesaurus is becoming popular due to the search behavioral changes of users. Advantages of an
online thesaurus over print thesaurus are: search capability from multiple reference sources including
etymological dictionary, dictionary, thesaurus, encyclopedia, web source index, and others; efficient and fast
retrieval with a finger tip; cut-and-past capability of findings.

Online reference sources are often free for users since they are financially supported by advertisement income.

Electronic dictionary

An electronic dictionary is a compact electronic device, operated by a battery. Users can carry with them and
use it without going online. The electronic dictionary usually includes a thesaurus as well as a number of
references such as medical help book, foreign language phrase handbook, and others. The small devise often
include from five to ten reference books.

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN DICTIONARY ANF THESAURUS

DICTIONARY
THESAURUS

contains an alphabetical list of words that includes the meaning, etymology and pronunciation.
is a book that contains synonyms and even antonyms.

defines a word,
a thesaurus gives a choice of words for each entry.

explains the meaning of a word and how it

ATLAS

 What is an atlas?

-It is a collection of maps.

-The atlas is named after the mythological character ATLAS. He is one of the Titans, the first Gods of
Greek. After losing a disagreement with Zeus, Atlas was forced to support the earth on his shoulders forever.

THREE MAIN TYPES OF ATLAS

General atlases

-contain maps showing the physical and political features of individual countries or groups of countries
throughout the world.

-may contain maps on a wide variety of topics such as climate, population, economic activities, and
environment

-One example is: Hammond's Standard World Atlas.

Subject/Thematic Atlases

-pertains to a specific topic or discipline

-astronomical maps or photographs of stars and other celestial objects

-geographical maps showing changes or activities over time, such as borders, military campaigns,
exploration, and cultural differences

-topographic maps showing the physical terrain of an area

examples are:
 Atlas of World History

World Atlas of Birds

Human Anatomy Atlas

one example is: Hammond's Standard World Atlas.

Road atlases

-contain maps that show major highways and secondary roads for geographical areas

-examples are: Rand McNally Road Atlas, Hamlyn's Road Atlas of Australia

TYPES OF MAPS

1. Settlement/Political Map- shows governmental boundaries of countries, states, location of major cities
and they usually include significant bodies of water.

2. Physical Map-used to show oceans, seas, rivers, lakes, the height of the land and major landforms.

3. Topographic map-shows the shape of earth’s surface through contour lines.

4. Climatic map-shows the information about the climate of different areas

5. Economic Map-shows the different resources present in an area or economic activity prevalent.

6. Road Map-displays roads and transport links