A GOVERNANÇA E O TERRITÓRIO: REFLEXÕES SOBRE UMA
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autoria intitulada “Manifestações da Governança Territorial no Brasil: Uma aná-
lise do Circuito das Águas Paulista e do Circuito das Malhas do Sul de Minas
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lidades de governança territorial no Estado de São Paulo”.
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Claro. Área de concentração em Organização do espaço. E-mail: lucasfuini@
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permanente desenvolvem importan1
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ou uma rede de países vizinhos.
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3. Reestruturação produtiva,
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do e as novas manifestações
da regulação territorial no
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de alto crescimento econômico das
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desencadeadas a partir da década
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4
O regime de produção em massa fordista, dominante nas economias avança-
.$"7 #%$ &#/0)=)('/$3#0&# .# 0$&2%#*$ &$= @2# >).#%'$7 #3 (%$0.# >$%&#7 "#%
&%$0">=$0&$.) >$%$ 0)D$" =)/$='*$E-#" /)3 <$',$ >#%.$ .# #H/'Q0/'$7 .#".#
@2# 23$ #"/$=$ 3P0'3$ .# )>#%$E-#" 8)""# #0/)0&%$.$R SRRRT U" /)%>)%$E-#"
transnacionais e as economias nacionais mais ricas também se encontravam
em boa posição para transferir recursos para fora: gozavam de altos lucros, de
um sistema monetário internacional estável e de competição externa relativa-
mente baixa. Em outras palavras, muitos dos investimentos das corporações
multinacionais em lugares como o Brasil foram destinados a atender mercados
locais e não apenas para se utilizar da descentralização locacional de forma a
reduzir custos de bens reimportados pelo Norte. No entanto, a despeito dessa
lógica de interesses convergentes, a implantação da modernização econômica
/)3) 23 &).)7 @2# "# "2>204$ >)""PD#= >#=$ '0.2"&%'$='*$EV)7 0V) )/)%%#2W $"
condições políticas e sociais domésticas necessárias para desencadear um
/'/=) .# "$=N%')" # .# /)0"23) /%#"/#0&#" 020/$ &'D#%$3 "#2 +)%#"/'3#0&)
permitido pelo capital nacional ou pelo Estado na maior parte do Terceiro mundo.
(STORPER, 1990, p. 125).
5
A)0"'.#%$0.) ) /$%N&#% ='<#%$= .$ (=)<$='*$EV)7 $ &#0.Q0/'$ X .# @2# $" 820-
ções do estado se reajustem no sentido de retraimento das funções alocativa
# .'"&%'<2&'D$7 @2# >$""$3 $ "#% /)0"'.#%$.$" )<Y#&) .$" =#'" .# 3#%/$.)7 # .#
uma ampliação do escopo da função estabilizadora. Com isso, o estado não
#,$&$3#0&# .#',$ .# '0&#%D'% 0$ #/)0)3'$7 3$" 32.$ "#2 #08)@2#7 $0&#%')%3#0&#
/#0&%$.) 0$" 820E-#" H3 S/%#"/'3#0&) # .'"&%'<2'EV) .# %#0.$7 >%')%'.$.#" .)
3).#=) 0$/')0$= .#"#0D)=D'3#0&'"&$T >$%$ $" 820E-#" 3#') S#"&$<'='*$EV) H"/$=
# 3)0#&N%'$7 >%')%'.$.#" .$ #/)0)3'$ (=)<$='*$.$TR M /$") <%$"'=#'%) /)0H%3$
essa opção. (...) O acompanhamento da evolução das despesas realizadas no
Orçamento da União (1995-1999) por áreas de atuação e funções revela uma
nítida inversão de prioridades do governo federal, com prejuízo da área social
e da área econômica. (...) Vale destacar outro aspecto relevante da política
#/)0Z3'/$ 0$ .X/$.$ .# ;[[:7 @2# "# %#8#%# $) #"D$*'$3#0&) .$ >)=P&'/$ %#-
(')0$=R SRRRT \ 0P&'.$ $ 32.$0E$ .# >$&$3$% )/)%%'.$ 0$ .X/$.$ .# ;[[:7 @2$0.)
)/)%%# 23$ @2#.$ $<%2>&$ 0) >#%/#0&2$= .# .#">#"$" )%E$3#0&N%'$" H,$.$"
0#""# "#&)% S;[]^ $ ;[][7 3X.'$ .# ;^_` ;[[: $ ;[[[7 3X.'$ .# $>#0$" a_TR
(BRAGA, 2003, p. 349-351).
Ano XV Nº 28 Dezembro de 2013 Salvador, BA D
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QUADRO 1 - Exemplos de manifestações da governança dos territórios no Estado de S. Paulo/Brasil

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de determinados projetos públicos.

DF Ano XV Nº 28 Dezembro de 2013 Salvador, BA RDE - REVISTA DE DESENVOLVIMENTO ECONÔMICO

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@T Ano XV Nº 28 Dezembro de 2013 Salvador, BA
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7
A noção de “governança” abarca várias acepções com sentido e ambições
explicativas diferentes. Os escritos sobre governança se referem essencialmente
7" %,!&.#" 8#" 9&)#" ," +,$+" )!8!+" 8," (!!&8,1#:;!'" ,)" ,+<,(.#2" #+" =!&)#+" 8,"
!&>#1.?#:;!"@$,"1;!"+;!"1,)"),&(#8!"1,)"A.,&#&@$.#3"BCDEEF/"-GHIJGJK'"
1997, p. 115).
8
L"(!1(,.%!"8,">!M,&1#1:#"=!."8,91.8!",1%;!"(!)!"N#")#1,.&#"<,2#"@$#2"!"<!8,&"
é exercido na administração dos recursos econômicos e sociais do país, com
vistas ao desenvolvimento’ (World Bank, 1992, p. 1). Em linhas gerais, o Banco
O$18.#2",+%#*,2,(,$"@$#%&!"8.),1+P,+Q(A#M,"<#&#"#"*!#">!M,&1#1:#R"#8).1.+-
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9
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coordenação horizontal e vertical da ação pública. Isto é acompanhado de um
,1=&#@$,(.),1%!"8!"G+%#8!">!M,&1#),1%#2'",)"<&!M,.%!"8,"!$%&#+"#$%!&.8#8,+"
estatais (a justiça, as autoridades independentes), das coletividades territoriais
e de componentes da sociedade civil. (BOURDIN, 2001, p. 137).
RDE - REVISTA DE DESENVOLVIMENTO ECONÔMICO
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Figura 1 - Fluxograma da governança territorial
Fonte: (FUINI, 2010).
Ano XV Nº 28 Dezembro de 2013 Salvador, BA @i
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compreender a territorialidade da
@Q Ano XV Nº 28 Dezembro de 2013 Salvador, BA
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so aos direitos da cidadania. Antas /#"*!7+!+"%#"*#76N7'"%#%M4#%#Y3,!:!/
w,B%2TAAQ89%#(%"4!%!&=)+"#%$!"%&':!"% "!(%)+(+3#"%*')63+7'/!$(+&+"3,!3+:'"%
<',(!"%$#%,#04)!;C'%&'%3#,,+3I,+'%&!/ *,[/$#N&+$'"B
7+'&!)9%*!,3#%$!%*,#(+""!%s%7')'7!$!%L%
!&=)+"#%0#'0,=N7!%/%$#%M4#%'%F"3!$'%X=% 4.1 Esclarecimentos sobre a con-
&C'%[%(!+"%'%$#3#&3',%$#%3'$!%!%,#04/ cepção de território
)!;C'%"'7+!)9%#7'&](+7!%#%*')63+7!9%$+/ D% 3#,,+3I,+'% [% '% ,#7',3#% #"*!7+!)%
:+$+&$'%#"3!%,#"*'&"!5+)+$!$#%7'(%!"% $#N&+$'%*',%,#)!;\#"%$#%!*,'*,+!;C'9%
7',*',!;\#"%0)'5!+"%#%!"%+&"3+34+;\#"% *'$#,%#%$#%7'&3,')#%"'5,#%,#74,"'"%#%
7+:+"%&C'%0':#,&!(#&3!+"B%K,'$4W/"#% `4Y'"9%'%M4!)%[%5!"#!$'%&'"%"#04+&/
"'5,#%'%3#,,+3I,+'%&!7+'&!)%4(%*'$#,% 3#"% !"*#73'"% 2a1FJ 1FHb9% TAAR_%
<,!0(#&3!$'%#"*#7+!)+W!$'%*',%"#3'/ J1upFb9% TAAP_% JKzJUbD9% TAAQ8^% a)
,#"%#7'&](+7'"9%+&3#0,!&$'%*',;\#"% Político^% $+W% ,#"*#+3'% L% !43',+$!$#%
3#,,+3',+!+"%&C'%7'&3604!"%!3,!:["%$#% )#0!)%$'%F"3!$'/&!;C'%#%$!"%$+:#,"!"%
,#$#"%3[7&+7!"%#%',0!&+W!7+'&!+"%'&$#% +&"3+34+;\#"%$#%0':#,&'_%b) Econômico:
*,#:!)#7#% !% Z#0#('&+!% 7',*',!3+:!% $+W% ,#"*#+3'% !'% 7!(*'% $#% !;C'% $!"%
"'5,#%!"%"')+$!,+#$!$#"%',0.&+7!"B% #(*,#"!"% #% $'% 7!*+3!)% ',0!&+W!&/
15,!('x!y%2TAAA8%#%v#+0!%2TAAT8% $'% #% $#"',0!&+W!&$'% 3#,,+3I,+'_% c)
!""'7+!(%L%&';C'%$#%desenvolvimento Cultural^% $+W% ,#"*#+3'% L"% <',(!"% $#%
territorial a de capital social, com a !*,'*,+!;C'%"+(5I)+7!"%#%+(!3#,+!+"%
:!)',+W!;C'%$'%7'(*)#Y'%$#%+&"3+34+/ 2,#)+0+\#"9% 3,!$+;\#"9% 7'"34(#"8% M4#%
;\#"9%7'"34(#"%#%,#)!;\#"%$#%7'&N!&/ 7,+!(% +$#&3+$!$#% #% "C'% <',3#"% ,#<#/
;!%#%7''*#,!;C'%M4#%<',(!3!(%!3+34/ ,g&7+!"%*!,!%4&+$!$#%$#%4(%*':'B
$#"%74)34,!+"B%b,!&"<#,#/"#9%#&3C'9%!% D%3#,,+3I,+'%7'&3[(%<',(!"%$+:#,/
!&=)+"#%$'%7'&X4&3'%4,5!&'/,4,!)%$#% "!"%$#%!*,##&"C'%#%$#%(!&+<#"3!;C'%
4(!%)I0+7!%*4,!(#&3#%"#3',+!)%*!,!% +&$+:+$4!)%#%7')#3+:!%$#%4(%F"3!$'9%
4(!%)I0+7!%3#,,+3',+!)9%*,+:+)#0+!&$'/ 0,4*'%74)34,!)9%7)!""#%"'7+!)%'4%!3+:+/
/"#%!"%!;\#"%#%#"3,!3[0+!"%$'"%!3',#"% $!$#%#7'&](+7!B%U""'%[%7Z!(!$'%*',%
)'7!+"%#(%!(5+#&3#"%+&':!$',#"B% 3#,,+3',+!)+$!$#9% '4% "#X!9% '% *,I*,+'%
E#""#% ('$'9% !"% #"3,434,!"% $#% 7'&3#>$'%$'%3#,,+3I,+'9%"4!"%,#)!;\#"%
0':#,&!&;!9% M4!&$'% !5',$!$!"% #(% "'7+!+"% 7'3+$+!&!"% M4#% $C'% "#&3+$'9%
.(5+3'% "45&!7+'&!)% )'7!)9% &C'% *'/ :!)',%#%<4&;C'%!'"%'5X#3'"%#"*!7+!+"B%
$#(%"#,%,#$4W+$!"%"'(#&3#%!'%)+(+3#% F""!"% 3#,,+3',+!)+$!$#"% "C'% !""'7+!/
$'"%(4&+76*+'"%#%$#%"4!"%#"3,434,!"% $!"%!'"%$+<#,#&3#"%3+*'"%$#%4"'"%$'%
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10
" X,>$18!"-.&,+/"O$22,&/"[,&8."B455ZU'"8,+,1M!2M.),1%!"%,&&.%!&.#2"\"$)"<&!(,++!"
de mudança social de caráter endógeno, capaz de produzir solidariedade e
(.8#8#1.#'","@$,"<!++#"(!18$?.&"8,"=!&)#".1%,>&#8#","<,&)#1,1%,"#")$8#1:#"
@$#2.%#%.M#","#"),2A!&.#"8!"*,)Q,+%#&"8#"<!<$2#:;!"8,"$)#"2!(#2.8#8,"!$"$)#"
região. Nas estratégias competitivas da globalização, o desenvolvimento terri-
torial é dinamizado por expectativas dos agentes econômicos nas vantagens
2!(#(.!1#.+'"1!"@$#2"!"%,&&.%]&.!"\"!"#%!&"<&.1(.<#2"8!"8,+,1M!2M.),1%!",(!1^).(!"
&,>.!1#2'","#+"<!2_%.(#+'"#+"!&>#1.?#:P,+","#">!M,&1#1:#"+;!"&,($&+!+",+<,(_9(!+'"
#"$)"+]"%,)<!"8.+<!1_M,2"!$"#"+,&"(&.#8!/"@$#18!"8.+<!1_M,2'"%&#%#&Q+,Q.#"8,"+$#"
8.=$+;!"1!"%,&&.%]&.!'"@$#18!"#$+,1%,'"8,"+$#"(&.#:;!"B.1M,1:;!",".1!M#:;!U3"
Desta forma, o desenvolvimento territorial é o resultado de uma ação coletiva
intencional de caráter local, um modo de regulação territorial, portanto, uma
ação associada a uma cultura, a um plano e instituições locais, tendo em vista
arranjos de regulação das práticas sociais.
RDE - REVISTA DE DESENVOLVIMENTO ECONÔMICO
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tam das diferentes modalidades
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de desenvolvimento territorial em
1,,!&X'"% K,'$43+:'"% O'7!+"% #% E+"/
Nº 28 Dezembro de 2013 Salvador, BA @c
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Quadro 2 – Potencialidades e fragilidades dos postulados da governança

Níveis de análise Potencialidades da governança
Da escala territorial F"3+(4)!%!"%:'7!;\#"%#%#"*#7+N7+$!$#"%)'7!+"%#%,#0+'&!+"B%
1%0':#,&!&;!%*'$#%"#,%:+"3!%7'('%!%7!*!7+$!$#%$#%!43'/
/',0!&+W!;C'% $'"% 3#,,+3I,+'"% *!,!% '% $#"#&:'):+(#&3'9%
7'('%,#"*'"3!%L"%$#(!&$!"%0)'5!+"%#%&!7+'&!+"_
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formadores $#%7'',$#&!;C'%#%$#%,#04)!;C'%$!"%,#)!;\#"%#&3,#%!3',#"%
"'7+!+"%&'%3#,,+3I,+'%#%$!%<',(!;C'%$#%7!*+3!)%"'7+!)_
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"#74;C'% #&3,#% !3',#"% *>5)+7'"9% *,+:!$'"% #% $!% "'7+#$!$#%
7+:+)_
Da descentralização 13,+54+%+(*',3.&7+!%L%$#"7#&3,!)+W!;C'%#"3!3!)%#%'%<',3!/
)#7+(#&3'%N"7!)%#%!$(+&+"3,!3+:'%$'"%&6:#+"%(#&',#"%$#%
0':#,&'%2)'7!)%#%,#0+'&!)8_
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7!+"%7'(%)#0+3+(+$!$#%*!,!%*+)'3!,%'"%*,'X#3'"%#%#"3,!3[/
0+!"%$#%$#"#&:'):+(#&3'%!3,!:["%$#%7'&"#&"'"_
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+&3#,#""#"%#%,#"'):#,%*,'5)#(!"%+&[$+3'"B
Da sobreposição de -'&$4W% !'% !$#&"!(#&3'% #% 7'(*)#(#&3!,+$!$#% $#% +&"/
estruturas 3,4(#&3'"%&',(!3+:'"%#%N&!&7#+,'"%<#$#,!+"%#%#"3!$4!+"%
$#% !*'+'% !'"% *,'X#3'"% )'7!+"% #% ,#0+'&!+"9% :+!5+)+W!&$'% '%
#&7!(+&Z!(#&3'%$#%$#(!&$!"%#%!%,#!)+W!;C'%$#%'5,!"%#%
!3+:+$!$#"%#"*#,!$!"B
Fragilidades da governança
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,+3',+!+"B% }% +&#:+3=:#)% 3,!3!,% $!% +&`4g&7+!% #7'&](+7!% #%
*')63+7!%$'"%&6:#+"%0)'5!)%#%&!7+'&!)%"'5,#%'%)'7!)B%
1""'7+!/"#%!'%$+"74,"'%$'%#(*,##&$#$',+"('%#%$!%)I0+/
7!%#7'&](+7!%$'%$#"#&:'):+(#&3'_
F:+$#&7+!%*!,7#,+!"%*>5)+7'/*,+:!$!"%7'(%:+["%'*',34/
&+"3!%#%"4X#+3!"%!%*,=3+7!"%$#%7',,4*;C'%#%<!:',#7+(#&3'_
-'&7#5#% !% $#"7#&3,!)+W!;C'% #"3!3!)% 7'('% #"3,!3[0+!% $#%
!74(4)!;C'% `#Y6:#)% #% $#% $#"(!&3#)!(#&3'% $'% F"3!$'B%
F&3#&$#%M4#%'%)'7!)%#%'%,#0+'&!)%"C'%!+&$!%&6:#+"%<,=0#+"%
#%"#(%!43'&'(+!%*!,!%!%0':#,&!&;!_
K'""+5+)+3!%'%"4,0+(#&3'%$#%Z+#,!,M4+!"%"'7+!+"%#%!3',#"%
Z#0#(]&+7'"% M4#% $#N&#(% !"% $+,#3,+W#"% $'% $#"#&:'):+/
(#&3'%:+!%7'#,;C'%#%7''*3!;C'_
F&3#&$#%M4#%!"%7'&3,!$+;\#"%#%!""+(#3,+!"%#&3,#%!3',#"%#%
0,4*'"%"'7+!+"%+&:+!5+)+W!%!%7''*#,!;C'9%&C'%"#&$'%*'"/
"6:#)%*#&"!,%#(%4(%7#&=,+'%$#%0':#,&!&;!%"#(%7'&`+3'"%
"'7+!+"B
K,'$4W%'%!7>(4)'%$#%!;\#"%#%*,'X#3'"%7'(%'5X#3+:'"%"#/
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7+!%&',(!3+:!%#%#7'&](+7!9%7'(%$#"*#,$67+'%$#%,#74,"'"%
*>5)+7'"%7'(%$#":+'%$'"%<'7'"%#%&#7#""+$!$#"%*,+&7+*!+"%
$'"%*,'$43',#"%#%!0#&3#"%)'7!+"B%

11
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%,]&.(!+".%#2.#1!+"92.#8!+"7"+$#"2.1A#"8,"<,1+#),1%!"BW,(#%.1.'"W#>1#+(!'"C#&!=!2.'"X=!&?.U'"!" D"+,"8,+%#(#"<,2#+",(!1!).#+",d%,&1#+"
,"8,",+(#2#"2!(#2.?#8#+"B8.M.+;!"8!"%&#*#2A!'"#(,++!"#"#),1.8#8,+'"+,&M.:!+",+<,(.#2.?#8!+'"%,(1!2!>.#",".1=&#,+%&$%$&#U'"@$,"+;!"
&,=!&:#8#+"<!&"%&#1+#:P,+","&,2#:P,+"8,"<#&(,&.#"#%&,2#8#+"#!"(!1A,(.),1%!","7"(!19#1:#3"e,++,"(!1%,d%!'"+,".1+,&,"%#)*\)"$)#"
“atmosfera industrial” de formação e acúmulo de competências no DI, fruto de um processo histórico-cultural de desenvolvimento
industrial e de funcionamento do mercado local de trabalho. Esse modelo teve seu apogeu econômico e comercial nos anos 1970 e
1980 no cenário do nordeste italiano. Atualmente o modelo se encontra em estado de transição explicado por autores como Coró e
Caccia (2002), com aumento do registro de relações de emprego informais e precárias e deslocalização de unidade produtivas para
países com custos baixos de produção, como é o caso do Sul e Sudeste asiático.

@R Ano XV Nº 28 Dezembro de 2013 Salvador, BA RDE - REVISTA DE DESENVOLVIMENTO ECONÔMICO

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Referências
AV[AaQbAc ![J!Q!*0(&$0)!5'*&0)!%'5!
$"..&$I.&'5`!["("#50#%'!'!%"5"#>')>&6
/"#$'!.,.0)J!Economia Aplicada, >J!d !
#J!\ !(J!^_T6^T_ !02.Je+,#J!%"!\]]]J!
AaA[AC!fZCgQ !hJ!Y"5"#>')>&/"#$'!
."7&'#0)! "#%I7"#'! "/! ,/! 0/2&"#$"!
-"%".0)&5$0J Planejamento e políticas
públicas,! V.05=)&0 ! ZBLA ! #J! SdJ! %"<J!
STTiJ
AMY[AYL !aJDJ:!DQ[[jZA!YL!AM6
Y[AYL !PJ!aJ!A Federação Brasileira:
k/0!0#K)&5"!7"'(')=$&*0!"!7"'65'*&0)J!\J!
"%J!PB`!D'#$"G$' !\]]^!OPW.&"!["("#50#6
%'!0!l"'7.0@0;J!
AMRAP!h.J ![J!aJ!L)"/"#$'5!(0.0!,/0!
%&5*,554'!"(&5$"/')I7&*0!5'2."!0!."7,6
)034'!#'!$"..&$I.&'J!GEOUSP – Espaço e
Tempo !P4'!B0,)' !#J!Si !(J!US6Ui !\]]dJ
VLMmQ !lJ!Economia, Espaço e Glo-
balização: na aurora do século XXI.
P4'!B0,)'`!g,*&$"* !STTiJ
Nº 28 Dezembro de 2013 Salvador, BA @P
VLMmQ ! lJ! A! ."*'/('5&34'! %'5!
"5(03'5J! Revista Internacional de
Desenvolvimento Local - Interações,
k#&>".5&%0%"! D0$I)&*0! Y'/! V'5*'e
aP !>J!S !#J!\ !(J!_6S\ !/0.3'!%"!\]]SJ
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"5$0/'5! N02)0#%'n! Z#`! VLDmL[ ! YJ:!
VAMYLZ[A !BJ!PJ!fJ !Desenvolvimento
local/regional: Determinantes e desa6
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P,)`!k#&5* !\]]] !(J!SoS6SUoJ
VQCPQM !hJ!lJ!gJ!Q5!D&.*,&$'5!R,.=5$&6
*'5!#'!L5$0%'!%"!a&#05J!Z#`!Secretaria
de Estado do Turismo de Minas Ge-
rais.!Y&5('#=>")!"/!pN$$(ee`!www.setur.
mg.gov.brqJ!A*"55'!"/`!+,)J!\]]iJ
VQcL[ ! [J! ! A Teoria da Regulação:
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VQk[YZM !AJ!A Questão LocalJ![&'!%"!
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