The Malaysian Vol.

51
No.3
2016
m2 (x, y) x 3

07 Influences Of Cost Variables On The

Conceptual Cost Estimation Accuracy:
Methods And Techniques
Dwifitra Jumas, Faizul Azli Mohd Rahim and Nurshuhada Zainon

17 Housing Pathways Among Gen Y In

Kuala Lumpur
Zafirah Al Sadat Zyed, Hasniyati Hamzah and Nur Alifah
Baharuddin

30 Interview with RISM Lifetime Achievement

Award for year 2016: Sr Ringo Chan Pak Kuan

39 18th International Surveyor’s Congress

 EDITORIAL

I
Greetings everyone.

nline with the 18th International Surveyor’s Congress theme : The resilient professional –
Thriving In a Changing Economy, this issue we feature Sr Ringo Chan, the recipient of the RISM
Lifetime Achievement Award for year 2016. Sr Ringo is not a stranger to us all, for he has been
with RISM in every step of the way from year 1983 until present. Sr Ringo possesses multiple
professional accreditations under his belt besides Fellow of RISM – he is also a registered
quantity surveyor with the Board of Quantity Surveyors Malaysia (BQSM), a Member of Royal
Institute of Chartered Surveyors (RICS) and a Member of the Malaysian Institute of Arbitrators. He
is the founder of a QS consultancy firm, CPK Associates and has been the Principal since 1999. He
currently holds the Secretary of the Education and Accreditation Board post in RISM since 2001.

More on the QS profession, under the Peer Review section, we have an article contributed by
the Project Management, Procurement & Economics Research Group of Univeristy Malaya on
the Influences of Cost Variables On The conceptual Cost Estimation Accuracy: Methods and
Techniques. Conceptual Cost Estimate (CCE) is fundamental in the initial decision making process
for a construction project. The primary function of CCE is to assist the owner about the anticipated
cost of a project for budgeting purposes. In theory, estimating accuracy is indicative of the degree
to which the final price outcome of a project may vary from the single point value used as the
estimated cost of the project. Different projects have different cost factors for consideration;
thus, construction cost estimation process requires an appreciation of project’s evaluation about
the factors influencing the accuracy. This article is a summary of studies carried out on cost
estimation techniques and read on to see what the results shows. Another area of interest for the
QS fraternity, we also have an ECA on a Child Care Centre published in this issue.

Another article that came from University Malaya is from The Department of Estate Management.
The authors have written an article entitled Housing Pathways among Gen Y in Kuala Lumpur.
Gen Y are estimated to represent almost 30% of Malaysian demography. On the housing ladder,
they can be the most mobile compared to other generations. Recently, there have been concerns
about the housing affordability levels of ‘young starters’, i.e. Gen Y who are starting to establish
themselves in the society. Typical of an Asian economy, Malaysia currently practices a binary
housing tenure system comprising home ownership and private renting. Based on the assumed
preference for home ownership, the inability of Gen Y to purchase a house in Kuala Lumpur has
been a cause for concern. This article aims to reveal housing types and areas that are currently
affordable for the Gen Y respondents in Kuala Lumpur.

Under our regular column on Managing Stress, this issue we

feature an article Saying Good Things To Depressed Friends.
Friends in need are friends in deed. Look this up to see how you
can help your friends who are going through a depression.

Under the section on RISM activities, we have the 18th ISC report
including report on the 55th AGM and RISM Annual Dinner. The
line-up of the 56th session council members is also featured in
this issue. This is to enable members to get to know the council
members representing them in the institution.

RISM is not only an institution that cares for its members. RISM
also carries out activities for the public and the needy especially.
RISM Charity Run held on 31st July 2016 is featured in this
issue. Proceeds from the run was contributed to the Yayasan
Muda Selangor. In another charity event, RISM has carried out a
CSR programme where another mini library was built especially
dedicated to the seriously ill children in the Pediatrics Ward. After Sr Ina Abu Bakar FRISM
the success of the previous similar project in HUKM , this time Editor, Editorial Board
around is in the East Cost in Hospital USM, Kota Baru, Kelantan. (Session 2016/2017)
 Contents
President
YBhg. Dato’ Sr K. Sri Kandan, DIMP, FRISM, FAIQS, FRICS

Hon. Secretary General

Sr Ang Fuey Lin, FRISM

EDITORIAL BOARD Interview

Editor
Sr Ina Abu Bakar, FRISM Pg30 Interview with RISM Lifetime Achievement Award
Members
for year 2016: Sr Ringo Chan Pak Kuan
Sr Khaidzir Hj. Abdul Rasip, FRISM
Sr Victor Huang Hua, MRISM Peer Review Articles
Sr Dr. Yasmin Mohd Adnan, FRISM
Sr Mohamad Shazali Sulaiman, FRISM
Pg07 Influences Of Cost Variables On The Conceptual
Sr Juwita Radzi, MRISM Cost Estimation Accuracy: Methods And Techniques
Assoc. Prof. Sr Dr. Syahrul Nizam Kamaruzzman, FRISM
Assoc. Prof. Sr Dr. Adi Irfan Che Ani, MRISM
Assoc. Prof. Sr Dr. Norngainy Mohd Tawil, MRISM
Pg17 Housing Pathways Among Gen Y In Kuala Lumpur
Assoc. Prof. Sr Kamaludin Hj. Mohd Omar, MRISM
Assoc. Prof. Sr Dr. Mohd Sanusi S. Ahamad, MRISM
Managing Stress
Pg33 Saying Good Things To Depressed Friends
Secretary to the Board
Zarinah bt. Danial

INTERNATIONAL ADVISORY BOARD

Prof. Chitra Weddikkara
University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka
Prof. Graeme Newell
University of Western Sydney, Australia
Sr Noushad Ali Naseem Ameer Ali, PPRISM 07
Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
Professor Michael Riley
Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Royal Institution of Surveyors Malaysia

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‘Sr’ is the abbreviation for surveyors and was first mooted by RISM in
2005 and used by all RISM members since 2006 as a badge of identity
for surveying professionals.

The Malaysian Surveyor is a quarterly publication which covers the

development of the surveying profession, innovations in the surveying
technology and surveyors’ contribution towards the property market and
building industry.

The Institute as a body does not hold itself responsible for statements
made or opinions expressed in the articles and advertisements printed
in this publication, or for the strict accuracy of references to law cases,
which are intended only as a gloss on authorised reports. Rights of trans-
lation and reproduction reserved.
 40 30

42

Elemental Cost Analysis

Pg36 Elemental Cost Analysis
RISM Activities
Pg39 18th International Surveyor’s Congress
Pg41 Extraordinary General Meeting (EGM) 44
Pg42 55th Annual General Meeting
Pg43 55th RISM Annual Dinner
Pg44 RISM Charity Run 2016
Pg45 CSR Programme In Paediatric Wards
Pg46 Council Members of the 56th Session
2016/2017

Regulars
Pg48 List of New Members 45

‘Sr’ is the abbreviation for surveyors and was first mooted by RISM in 2005 and used
by all RISM members since 2006 as a badge of identity for surveying professionals.

The Malaysian Surveyor is a quarterly publication which covers the development

of the surveying profession, innovations in the surveying technology and surveyors’
contribution towards the property market and building industry.

The Institute as a body does not hold itself responsible for statements made or
opinions expressed in the articles and advertisements printed in this publication, or
for the strict accuracy of references to law cases, which are intended only as a gloss
on authorised reports. Rights of translation and reproduction reserved.
 Peer
Peer Review
Review
Dwifitra Jumas, Faizul Azli Mohd Rahim and Nurshuhada Zainon

Project Management, Procurement & Economics Research Group,

Center for Building, Construction & Tropical Architecture. (BUCTA)
Faculty of Built Environment, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur
Email: azli@um.edu.my
Phone: 03-7967 7673

Influences Of Cost Variables On The

Conceptual Cost Estimation Accuracy:
Methods And Techniques
Conceptual Cost Estimation (CCE) is fundamental in the initial decision-making process
for construction project. The primary function of CCE is to assist the owner about the
anticipated cost of a project for budgeting purposes. In theory, estimating accuracy
is indicative of the degree to which the final price outcome of a project may vary from
the single point value used as the estimated cost of the project. Most cost estimation
studies focus on specific estimation methods as generic techniques but little attention
been given to the characteristics and requirements of each project stage. Moreover,
different projects have different cost factors for consideration; thus, construction cost
estimation process requires an appreciation of project’s evaluation about the factors
influencing the accuracy. The results show cost factors for the design and project-
specific factors are very influential in improving the accuracy of cost estimation
compared from estimator-specific factors.

Keywords: Cost variable, conceptual cost estimation, cost estimation, accuracy

7
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I
1.0 Introduction
n literature, many issues of
the CCE are related to the
poor quality of the early stage
estimated budget provided
by the construction cost
consultants involved. Firstly is
because of process standardisation
and impact of professional judgment
on formulation of building project
budget price advice (Fortune, 2006).
Once a professional judgment has
been involved extensively during
the generation of cost estimates,
many assumptions were made
(Rush & Roy 2001a). This judgment
can be prone to bias, for instance;
subjective, political aims, depends
on level of experiences, inconsistent
and unstructured processes,
and also difficult to reuse and to
modify (Datta & Roy, 2010; Rush
& Roy 2001a). Secondly, previous
researchers have studied the factors
affecting the cost estimation of
construction project from various
perspectives. According to Liu and
Zhu (2007):
There is importance to identify
critical factors for effective
estimation at each project stage;
most cost estimation studies focus
on specific estimation method
as generic techniques and little
attention has been paid to the unique
requirements at each project stage.
Accuracy implies closeness to the
actual value. It means lack of error.
It also comprises two aspects in
term of “bias” and “consistency”
(Ashworth, 1995; Skitmore, 1991).
Bias is concerned with “the average
differences between actual value and
forecasts”; measures of consistency
are concerned with “the degree
of variation around the average”.
Since the factors contribute to the
estimation bias could be influenced
8
A CCE is a
preliminary
estimation
regarding the
value, quantity,
size or weight.
by more causes and inter correlation
between many different variables
(Azman, Samad, & Ismail, 2012;
Elfaki, Alatawi, & Abushandi, 2014;
Shane, Molenaar, Anderson, &
Schexnayder, 2009), each variables
must be properly addressed in order
to maintain an acceptable level
of accuracy during the process.
Therefore, the CCE process required
an appreciation of a project’s
evaluation about the influencing
factors.
2.0 Methodology
This paper reviewed publications
obtained electronically through
major scientific databases which
are Google Scholar (http://scholar.
google.com.my), Scopus (http://
www.scopus. com/home.url) and
the Science Direct databases.
This paper investigates and
summarises the current use of cost
estimation techniques in the building
construction project. The extensive
hierarchical techniques are based
on grouping into the qualitative
and quantitative techniques. This
paper contributes to the knowledge
base of cost estimation literature
by presenting different techniques
reviewed in literatures and in
practice.
3.0 Conceptual Cost
Estimation (CCE)
A CCE is a preliminary estimation
regarding the value, quantity, size
or weight. As the name implies,
“conceptual” is generally made
in the early phases of a project.
When performing a CCE, typically,
there are no drawings available.
What exists is a vague verbal or
written description of the project
scope. When preparing this type of
estimation, the estimator makes
assumptions about virtually every
aspect of the project regarding the
value, quantity, size or weight. The
process of assumptions generate
the cost of work activity or output
by interpreting data or knowledge
which is usually done by creating a
cost model (Curran, Raghunathan, &
Price, 2004; Langmaak et al., 2013;
Sonmez, 2011).
Choi, Kim, Han, and Kwak (2014)
defines CCE as the conceptual policy
planning stage that includes asset
development, budget allocation and
alternative screening especially for
cost guidance in public project. Other
primary functions of CCE are to tell
the owner about the anticipated
cost. It is also important to project
feasibility studies and upon final
project success that can be used
in project evaluations, engineering
designs, and cost management
(Cheng, Tsai, & Hsieh, 2009; Cheng,
Tsai, & Sudjono, 2010; Lowe, Emsley,
& Anthony, 2006; Sonmez, 2004) or
even to support bid price estimation
(Gunduza, Ugurb, & Ozturk, 2011;
Wang, Shih, Tsui, & Hsu, 2012).
A generic CCE process is displayed
graphically in Figure 1. The process
begins with a request made by
 Influences Of Cost Variables On The Conceptual Cost Estimation Accuracy: Methods And Techniques

Vol.51 No.3 2016

management to estimate the cost   Re-Estimate

of a new project. The first task
for the estimator is to study and
interpret the project scope and
produce an estimating plan. This
stage also involves the formulation
Request for Estimation
of estimating methodology
and determination of additional
information needed. The next task
Study & Interpretation of Information
is to collect additional information
 
that is required for the CCE. This
additional information can be
separated in two categories; current Collect Additional Information
data and historical data. Current
 
data include those relating to current
costs, productivity, project conditions Conceptual Cost Estimation
and future trends. Historical data  
include those relating to past
projects that are similar to the ones Report to Management
that are to be estimated.  

The selection and usage of

these data is a critical part of
the estimating process because
the selection of inappropriate
information with negatively
affect the end quality of estimate
(Phaobunjong, 2002). The estimators
must, at the point, conceptualise the
project, understand the necessary
activities to be done and when to be
done, and compare the project with
previous ones if possible (O’Conner,
1985). With all the information
assembled, the CCE process can
be performed. The output is a CCE
document as estimating basis
to develop project cost. It is very
important to describe in detail all
the information, assumptions,
adjustments, and procedures
considered in the estimation, as this
document is necessary to support
the estimation, as well as for future
cost evaluation due to changes
and modifications of project scope
(Bley, 1990). The CCE result is then
submitted to management for
decision-making. At this point, the
estimating process is finished in this
cycle. The process may be reiterated
so as to as to accommodate for
changes and modifications to the
project scope.
Not Approved Decision Preliminary
Making Budget
Approved
Figure 1: Conceptual Cost Estimation Process,Source: adapted from Bley (1990)
and Phaobunjong (2002)
4.0 Cost estimation others depending on the context.
Table 1 summarises the advantages
techniques and its and limitations of the different major
applications estimating techniques and also
highlight the applicability in term of
In many literatures, there the different stages of construction
are different cost estimation project.
techniques that can be found. Each
researcher has developed his own
classifications, making different
assumption and considerations.
For example, the cost estimating
In many literatures,
techniques can broadly classified there are different
as illustrated in figure 2 (Cavalieri,
Maccarrone, & Pinto, 2004; Datta cost estimation
& Roy, 2010; Niazi & Dai, 2006).
However, the techniques cannot be
techniques that can
used during the whole project life be found.
cycle (Duverlie & Castelain, 1999).
Some techniques are better than

9
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  Cost Estimation Techniques

Qualitative Techniques Quantitative Techniques

Intuitive Techniques Parametric Techniques

Analogical Techniques Analytical Techniques

Figure 1: Classification of Cost Estimation Techniques

Source: adapted from Datta and Roy (2010) and Niazi and Dai (2006)

Table1: Comparison of different cost estimation techniques

Cost Estimation Advantages Limitation

Technique

Intuitive • Quick to produce and flexible • Prone to bias and error

• Few resources in term of time and cost • Inconsistent and unstructured process
• Can be as accurate as other more • Non-deterministic as each expert
expensive method reaches a different estimate

Parametric • Rapidity of execution • Parameter not included can became

• Repeatable and objective important
• Less information required than • Useful in combination with other method
analytical • CERs are too simplistic to predict costs
• Good for budgetary estimates or • Uncertainties are high as CER
baseline assessment specification are not available

Analogy • Reasonably quick and based on actual • Subjective adjustments

data • Accuracy depends on similarity of items
• Requires few data • Difficult to assess effect of design change
• Use knows the origin of the estimate • Blind to cost drivers
• No requirement of full understanding of • More difficult than parametric method
problem as this required cases database,
• Accurate for minor difference from similarity measure, adaptation
analogous case functions and case indexations

Analytical • More accurate than analogy and • Time consuming

parametric • Inappropriate for estimation at early
• Detailed breakdown useful for stage
negotiation

10
 Influences Of Cost Variables On The Conceptual Cost Estimation Accuracy: Methods And Techniques
Qualitative Techniques
Qualitative techniques in cost
estimation can be defined as the
assumptions and judgments that
cost estimators and engineers do
during the generation of an estimate.
These assumptions and judgments
are related to how an estimator
refers to past projects as a basis for
the generation of a new estimate
(Datta & Roy, 2010; Niazi & Dai,
2006; Rush & Roy 2001a). In that
sense, the previous experience of an
estimator can provide useful help to
generate reliable cost estimates for
a new project. Qualitative technique
can be categorized into intuitive and
analogical techniques:
i. Intuitive: estimates are based on
the expert estimator’s experience
ii. Analogical: estimated made on
the definition and the analysis of
the degree of similarity between
the new project and another
from the past project
The study done by Lai, Wang, and
Wang (2008) investigated that in
Taiwan, the Public Construction
Commission (PPC) officers
decide project budgets principally
based on their own experience
because the regulation for setting
construction project budgets
only qualitatively describe the
governmental administration
process; thus, budgeting results can
be unreliable. The study suggested
that without using explicit evaluation
criteria, project budgets cannot
be assessed using a consistent
decision-making process. However,
Niazi and Dai (2006) identified
two subcategories to improve the
study under intuitive technique
such as case-based methodology
or case-based reasoning (CBR) and
decision support system (DSS). The
knowledge may be stored in the form
of rules, decision trees, judgments
and more, at a specific location, for
example, a database to help the end
user improve the decision-making
process and prepare cost estimates
for new project based on certain
input information.
Another study also report that
the subjective decision making
processes involved and are
characterised by qualitative data and
knowledge that is often vague and
difficult to structure and quantify
(Akintoye, 2000). For Example, Tah et
al. (1994), based on semi-structured
interviews with seven contractors,
investigated current practices of
estimating the indirect costs (indirect
costs were described as those which
are not traceable to a specific work
item, and consist of site overheads,
general overheads, profits and
allowances for risks) involved in
tendering for construction work.
The study, while recognising the
limitation of the research due to the
low rates of response because of the
sensitivity and confidential nature of
the subject, concluded by indicating
a high degree of subjectivity involved
in indirect cost estimating. It also
recognised that the percentage
added to the cost estimate is based
on the subjective judgment of senior
management.
The percentage
added to the
cost estimate
is based on
the subjective
judgment
of senior
management.
Vol.51 No.3 2016
In fact, most of the significant
factors affecting project costs
are qualitative including scope of
contract, project risks, management
and technique, and environmental
and circumstantial Influence (Y.-M.
Cheng, 2014), project complexity,
project team requirement, contract
requirement (Akintoye, 2000), and
other factors such as construction
time, contractor’s planning
capability, procurement methods
and market conditions including
level of construction activity. Due
to the qualitative nature of these
factors, they are difficult to structure
and quantify (Elhag, Boussabaine,
& Ballal, 2005). Most of these
factors are often ignored by current
forecasting techniques. Only some
of those techniques which include
a risk assessment element usually
consider some qualitative factors.
Analogical technique is also a form
of experts judgment (Phaobunjong,
2002). It involves using the actual
cost of a previous similar project
as the basis for estimating the
cost of the current project (PMI,
1996). One or several projects
may be used as project reference.
The method usually involves very
little calculation. Any calculation
performed is typically limited to
using indexes to adjust the costs
and determining the average cost for
similar projects. Due to its simplistic
nature and limited project scope
information required, the estimate
has poor accuracy but serves its
purpose for preliminary economic
feasibility consideration. However,
analogical technique is generally the
least demanding and least costly
method. Analogical estimating is
most reliable when the reference
project or projects are really similar
in fact and not just in appearance,
and that the estimators involved in
preparing the estimates have the
needed expertise (PMI, 1996).
11
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Quantitative Techniques
In cost estimation, quantitative
knowledge is defined as cost
elements and known structures
of elements which form the basis
of a cost estimate and that are
measurable (Rush & Roy, 2001b).
The cost of element is as number
of part or type (Riquelme & Serpell,
2013; Rush & Roy 2001a; Rush &
Roy, 2001b), such as gross external
floor area, median floor height,
construction duration (Stoy &
Schalcher, 2007; C. Stoy, Pollalis, &
Schalcher, 2008), floor underground
and aboveground, and number of
households (Cheng et al., 2010).
Quantitative technique can be
categorized into parametric and
analytical techniques:
i. Parametric: estimation based
on analytical function of a set of
parameters characteristic of the
project. These are known to be
top-down applications.
ii. Analytical: based on detailed
analysis
The studies about parametric
estimation were becoming an
interesting topic among researchers
during early stages. Basically, this
study has been done by using Cost
Estimating Relationship (CER)
among the project characteristic
and applying an algorithm to
determine an approximation of
the total project cost (Kwak &
Watson, 2005). Moreover, Gunduza
et al. (2011) advocated that
parametric estimation method
is a unique technique which can
be used for both analytical and
predictive purposes by taking into
consideration the effect of potential
new items to estimate the overall
reliability.
Previous researchers have shown
that many methods can be used
to fit the parametric functions.
Therefore, many cost estimation
12
In cost estimation, quantitative
knowledge is defined as cost elements
and known structures of elements
which form the basis of a cost estimate
and that are measurable
models that adopt parametric
method and have been developed.
Duverlie and Castelain (1999)
mentioned that this model is
useful only if used in combination
with other models. For instance,
a parametric cost model can
developed using a linear regression
based on cost data (Ahn et al., 2014;
Sonmez, 2008). Moreover, Hegazy
and Ayed (1998) used the neural
network technique to develop a
parametric cost estimation model
for highway project. Even parametric
models have been developed using
regression analysis and neural
networks techniques for pre-design
cost estimation of urban railway
(Sonmez & Ontepeli, 2009). On the
other hand, Marzouk and Ahmed
(2011) presented a parametric
cost model to provide reliable cost
estimating at the early stages of
pump station construction project
utilizing case-based reasoning (CBR).
Analytical technique is a process
used by estimators to develop an
approximation of a given project’s
costs. In analytical estimating, the
project is carefully broken down
into the various tasks necessary
to complete it, and then these
are estimated for time and cost
expectations based on experience.
These component costs are then
assembled into an estimate of the
entire project’s cost. Analytical
estimating is usually a practical
and reliable method for determining
costs. According to Niazi and Dai
(2006), this technique requires
detailed information about labour,
material, equipment, and overheads
as well.
5.0 Significant
variable of cost
factors
Several studies have been identified
by extant literature of factors
influencing the cost estimation.
A challenge to the estimator is to
produce a cost estimation that is
an accurate. The factors include
expertise of consultants, quality of
information and flow requirements,
the project team’s experience of
the construction type, the tender
period and market condition, extent
of completion of pre-contract
design, and the complexity of design
and construction (Odusami and
Onukwube, 2008), bidding situations,
project characteristics, and
experience on similar type of project,
the estimating process (Shash and
Al-Khaldi, 1992), and the experience
of the estimators {AbouRizk, 2002
#103;Lowe, 1994 #135}(Lowe
and Skitmore 1994; Al-Harbi and
Johnston1994).
 Influences Of Cost Variables On The Conceptual Cost Estimation Accuracy: Methods And Techniques

Vol.51 No.3 2016

In improving the effectiveness of
managing the estimation process,
other researchers attempted to
classify the large number of cost
factors into categories of factors
with similar attributes (Akintoye
& Fitzgerald, 2000; Y.-M. Cheng,
2014; Elhag et al., 2005; Enshassi,
Mohamed, & Madi, 2005; Liu &
Zhu, 2007; Toh, Ting, Ali, & Aliagha,
2012; Trost & Oberlender, 2003).
The cost factors are identified into
five categories: (i) information of
consultant and design parameter,
(2) project’s characteristics, (3)
client’s characteristics, (4) contract
requirements and procurement
methods, and (5) external factors
and market conditions. However,
the above factors can be clustered
into two distinct group: (i) estimator-
specific factors and (ii) design and
project-specific factors (Akinci &
Finchers, 1998; Elfaki et al., 2014). The
estimator specific factor can be one
of the three parties; consultant, owner
and contractor which are mostly
based on the estimator’s experience
or background. And design and
project-specific factors can include
project size, type of project, ground
condition, and material costs.
Table 2 provides a summary of all
such related study based on five
points: 1) what the type of building or
data is collected, 2) the techniques
of the model in use, 3) the coverage
of cost factors, 4) the finding to
the influence on cost estimation
accuracy and 5) the type of validation.
It is very obvious that each type of
building has different cost factors
for consideration. However, the most
common of cost factor used in the
type of building is total floor area or
building area.

Table 2: Comparison of related studies based on techniques of the model

Authors Type of building or Techniques Cost Factors Finding Validation

data of the mode

Lai et al. A questionnaire was AHP and • Project condition The project owner Applied to
(2008) filled out by five officers simulation • Environmental did not perform well proposed
responsible for reviewing condition in preparing the procedure of
building • Regulation condition proposal public project
• Planning condition
• Estimation condition The accuracy or %
error have not been
mentioned

Stoy et al. 70 Residential buildings Regression • Compactness of the The percentage er- Applied to pre-
(2008) building ror ranges between dict the cost of
• Number of elevator 12 % and 13% new properties
• Size of the project
• Proportion of openings
in external walls
• Region

Cheng, et al Data management and
(2009) Engineering work:
Temporary construction
Geotechnical construction
Structural construction
Decorative construction
Electromechanical infra-
structure
Neural Network • Site area % error of overall Using 23 training
• Floors underground estimates and total cases and 5
• Floors aboveground category estimates testing cases.
• Total floor area are 16% and 6.7%
• Soil condition
• Area of exterior wall

Ji, Park, and 102 apartment projects Regression • Gross floor area The accuracy Applied to 22
Lee (2010) • Number of unit floor improved by 2.84% cases
household from cost/GFA and
• Number of floor 8.24% from cost/
UFA

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Jin et al. 99 multi-family housings MRA based Site area The accuracy Comparison with
(2012) revised CBR Ground area improved by 4.39% CBR method
41businessfacilities Building Area for family housing
Numbers of floor and 17.23% for
Underground area business facilities
Ground area
Building area
Number of
underground flours
Landscape area

Ahn et al. 124 building with different AI: CBR and • Number of house- CBR using the weight Comparison
(2014) types of apartment house- Parametric holds of AI resulted in rela- with CBR and
holds based on gross area: • Gross floor area tively higher estimate Parametric
49 m2, 59 m2, 84 m2, and • Number of unit floor accuracy was 4.01%
114 m2 households and 4.34% for regres-
• Number of elevators sion coefficient
• Number of floors The AI method is
• Number of house- flexible as it can
holds of unit floor per reflect the ranges of
elevator attributes according
to the accumulated
database

6.0 Conclusion a need to develop a systematic

This paper reviewed the pertinent
literature on cost estimation
techniques and its application. The
techniques were classified into
two main groups as qualitative and
quantitative, which were further
subdivided into two categories
each. The paper examined all the
categories, in detail, with reference
to the published literature. Most of
related studies used quantitative
technique with the finding of
accurate improvement except for
quantitative technique with no
mention on the accuracy.
The significance of cost factors in
the CCE at early stage was then
discussed with a focus on the related
studies. According to the results of
the table 2, the approaches that have
been deduced from this survey are
as follow:
i. There is a need of defining more
objectives and consistent criteria
for the selection of historical
Analytical
technique is a
process used
by estimators
to develop an
approximation of
a given project’s
costs.
construction data to be used for
the CCE. The variable that affects
the cost factors depend on the
relationship and conditional
dependency among historical
data.
iii. Conceptual cost estimating in
a building construction project
is a difficult and generally a
subjective process with no set
standard of practice. There is
methodology for conceptual cost
estimating, so as to standardise
and facilitate the estimating
process, making the approach
more objective. In this way,
the accuracy of the estimate
produced can be more accurate
and consistently developed.
The limitation of this review paper
can be summarised in the data
was collected only from one type
of techniques or combined from
two type of different techniques for
one related study. This paper still
opens a way for the future study as
a comprehensive source for carrying
out further research in the area.
Acknowledgements
The study was funded by The
Ministry of Research, Technology
and Higher Education of the Republic
of lndonesia. Acknowledgements
are given to Universitas Bung Hatta,
Indonesia and Universiti Malaya of
Malaysia, for their support.

14
 Influences Of Cost Variables On The Conceptual Cost Estimation Accuracy: Methods And Techniques
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 Peer
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Review
Zafirah Al Sadat Zyed, Hasniyati Hamzah and Nur Alifah Baharuddin

Department of Estate Management, Faculty of Built Environment,

Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur
Email: zafirahzyed@um.edu.my

Housing Pathways
Among Gen Y In
Kuala Lumpur
This paper aims to reveal the current housing pathway for Kuala Lumpur’s Generation
Y (Gen Y). Gen Y creates a new paradigm in housing research. Being born during
the Information and Connection Technology (ICT) boom, this generation possesses
traits that are unprecedented in terms of their ICT savvy-ness, social connectedness
and sense of entitlement. Gen Y are estimated to represent almost 30% of Malaysian
demography. On the housing ladder, they can be the most mobile compared to other
generations. Recently, there have been concerns about the housing affordability levels
of ‘young starters’, i.e. Gen Y who are starting to establish themselves in the society.
Typical of an Asian economy, Malaysia currently practises a binary housing tenure
system comprising home ownership and private renting. Based on the assumed
preference for home ownership, the inability of Gen Y to purchase a house in Kuala
Lumpur has been a cause for concern. Based on a quantitative approach, this paper

17
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divides the young starters into four distinctive groups, junior-lower affordability
(JL), junior-higher affordability (JH), senior-lower affordability (SL) and senior-higher
affordability (SH) to examine the housing pathway within this gradation. Additionally,
this paper also aims to reveal the housing types and areas that are currently affordable
for the Gen Y respondents in Kuala Lumpur. The questionnaire survey showed renting
being the current predominant tenure across the gradation of respondents. High
rise residential units and areas outside KL were indicated as affordable for renting,
whereas affordability for purchase was found minimal. For policymakers, the findings
enable formulation of policy prescriptions that can facilitate young starters’ access to
adequate and affordable housing.

Keywords: Gen Y, young starters, housing pathway, housing tenure, housing affordability.

H
1.0 Introduction
ousing affordability
issues among Gen Y
currently dominate
a large part of the
Malaysian housing
discourse. The
seriousness of the situation has
led some parties to describe it as
a crisis (Hamzah & Adnan, 2014).
At the centre of the discussion is
Gen Y, a segment recognised for
its unique characteristics that may
challenge conventional notions of
housing consumers. Despite the
lack of singular definition of Gen Y,
most authors categorise this group
to refer to those born between 1980
and 2000. Access to affordable
housing is especially important for
the ‘young starters’, those between
25 and 34 years of age who are at
the early stage of their adult lives
(Zairul et al., 2015). The so-called
housing crisis among Gen Y in most
major cities in Malaysia has been
attributed to exponential house
price increments that have not been
matched with income levels. Within
Malaysia, the levels of unaffordability
differ between and across states.
In Kuala Lumpur, housing has been
found to be severely unaffordable.
A study by Malaysian Rating
Thus, housing affordability not
only concerns people’s ability to
Corporation Berhad in 2013 reported purchase a house but also concerns
that the Price Income Ratio (PIR) the ability to pay rent. In contrast to
for Kuala Lumpur and Malaysia home ownership, private renting has
worsened from 6.1 to 7.3 and 3.9 received little attention from housing
to 4.4 respectively within three researchers despite its appearance
years (2009 to 2012) (Malaysian in the National Housing Policy and
Rating Corporation Berhad, 2013). the 10th Malaysia Plan. Importantly,
These figures are considered fall the institutional set up for private
under “Moderately Unaffordable” to renting is virtually non-existent in the
“Severely Unaffordable” based on the country. There is no specific law or
work of Cox and Pavletich (2014). government institution that governs
Nonetheless, housing affordability
is often (mistakenly) conflated
with non-ability to purchase a
house. This leads to an incomplete
examination of the housing situation
Housing
that can result in erroneous policy affordability
prescriptions, for instance, providing
assistance for house purchase issues among
deposit for recipients whose monthly
disposable incomes are insufficient Gen Y currently
to cover monthly housing costs.
It is important to recognise that
dominate a
Malaysia practices a binary housing large part of
tenure system i.e. home ownership
and renting. In reality, housing the Malaysian
affordability concerns people’s
ability to access comfortable and
housing discourse
proper housing without undue
stress on their disposable income.

18

private renting. For instance, there
is no standard tenancy agreement
compared to the statutory
agreement for the purchase of new
house from developers.
Similar to other countries, other
living options for Malaysian Gen Y
include living with parents or family
and for students, living at university
accommodation. However, the
young starters normally are young
people who have finished their basic
tertiary education, already started
working and are looking to establish
themselves in the society. Thus,
between the age of 25 and 34, these
young starters would rent, live with
their parents/family or own the
houses they live in. It is generally
assumed that the housing pathway
for the young starters would begin
with either renting or living with their
parents or family and eventually
leading to home ownership. Based
on this assumed housing pathway
and preference, young people who
have worked for a number of years
are deemed to have saved enough
for a house purchase deposit and
would have earned enough to pay
for a mortgage. Thus, the failure of
young people to purchase a house
after working for several years,
say five years, would be a cause of
alarm to the society. Underpinning
this worry is the assumption of
housing unaffordability for the young
generation.
This paper supports the notion
of segmentation within a class of
housing consumer. In this paper, two
factors influence the categorisation
of respondents i.e. income and
age. It is argued that the living
experiences of young people will
change alongside the progression
of age and the assumed parallel
income increment. However, the
more important contributions of this
paper are in the identification of the
affordable tenure type, house type
and area.
Housing Pathways Among Gen Y In Kuala Lumpur
Housing
affordability is
often (mistakenly)
conflated with
non-ability to
purchase a house.
To frame the query, the paper
will proceed with a discussion of
important concepts such as Gen
Y definition and characteristics
and housing pathway before
providing the context of the paper.
This paper sets out to establish
the housing pathway of Gen Y
respondents who are divided into
age and affordability groups to see
if there would be progression into
the assumed ultimate tenure i.e.
home ownership within the group
at the higher age and affordability
level. Recommendations will be
made based on the results on how
to best facilitate Gen Y’s access to
comfortable and proper housing.
2.0 Gen Y: Definition
and Characteristics
Age segmentation is increasingly
important in real estate studies
in general. Gen Y is a segment
of the population that comprises
young people who are the most
mobile in terms of their social and
economic standings. Comprising
more than a third of Malaysia’s
demography (Hamzah & Adnan,
2014), an understanding of this
group and how they are unique from
the previous generations can help
Malaysian housing researchers and
policymakers in determining the
housing issues of this particular age
segment and the best approach in
Vol.51 No.3 2016
resolving the issues. As illustrated
in housing studies in other countries
(see for instance Atherwood, 2015),
Gen Y’s housing realities and their
response to the current housing
provision system should not be
assumed but instead, carefully
examined against their unique
characteristics.
The study by Hamzah and Adnan
(2014) has adequately summed the
definition of Gen Y in terms of their
birth years. After reviewing a number
of studies on Gen Y, they concluded
that the generally accepted range
of birth years of Gen Y is between
1980 and 2000. In other words, this
would put Gen Y as people who
are currently between the ages of
16 to 36, which would constitute
vast diversity in terms of their living
needs and experiences (Lachman,
2010). However, this definition is
too wide for this paper. In looking
for a realistic definition of Gen Y
who would be faced with housing
pathway issues, the current study
adopts the sub-group called ‘young
starters’ by Zairul et al. (2015). In
the 2015 study, the possibility of
a new housing provision system
for Malaysia’s Gen Y was mulled
specifically for working young adults
between 25 and 34 years of age.
The present study adopts the young
starter as the sub-group of Gen Y to
be examined.
Most of the authors describe Gen Y
as being tech-savvy and connected
(Archana & Heejin, 2008; Lachman,
2010). Besides that, the social
quotient of Gen Y has also been
emphasised by researchers. Among
others, Gen Y were said to possess
high moral spirit, patriotic, willing
to fight for freedom, sociable and
emphasise the value of home and
family (Eisner, 2005). Additionally,
Gen Y were described as social,
educated, multi-cultural, high
performance and civic-minded by
Lachman (2010) and independent,
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confident, diverse, and collaborative
by Islam et al. (2011). On a negative
side, Gen Y were labelled as having
a sense of entitlement, pampered,
high maintenance and outspoken
(Lachman, 2010) and also selfish
(Islam et al., 2011). A study that
mapped their economic behaviour
highlighted the difference in Gen Y’s
financial commitments compared
to the earlier generations found that
the majority of Gen Y’s income went
into entertainment, travel and food
(McCrindle, 2003).
In 2012, it was estimated that
about 28% of the total Malaysian
population were between 20
and 34 years of (Department of
Statistics, 2012). This number will
make Gen Y a particularly powerful
market segment in terms of their
potential income earnings and
their professional upward mobility.
Demographers, market analysts and
researchers already recognize that
this group will take over market in
the twenty-first century. In terms of
house purchase for own occupation
and/or investment, the demand
will come not only from within the
group but also from parents who
were concerned with assuring a
financially secure future for their Gen
Y children by acquiring investment
vehicles for their children (Bujang
et al., 2015). The parents of Gen Y
(baby boomers and Gen X) tend to
be affluent and have smaller families,
thus being able to better provide their
offsprings.
3.0 What is Housing
Pathway?
Pathway refers to the trend or
trajectory that is experienced by
either part or the whole of the
population. There are discernible
pathways pertaining to education,
employment and housing. According
to Clapham (2002, p. 63), housing
pathway is defined as “patterns of
interaction (practices) concerning
housing and home, over time and
space.” Apart from that, Clapham
(2005) refers housing pathways
as the varying household forms
that individuals experience and the
housing routes that they take over
time. Clapham further submits that
housing pathway should not be
looked as being linear and having a
stable trajectory pertaining to one’s
living accommodations and/or
neighbourhood quality.
Young people’s housing experiences
are best explored by looking at the
pathway a young person receives
through the housing system over a
period of time (Clapham et al., 2012).
According to Ford et al. (2002), there
are five distinct housing ‘pathways’,
each based on the degree of
planning and control exercised by a
young person, the extent and nature
of any constraints, and the degree
of family support available to them
(Table 1). Furthermore, the capability
of young people to plan their entry
into the independent life, the extent
and nature of any constraints, and
family support level are mostly
influenced by the nature of young
people’s experiences.

Table 1: Housing pathway types

Pathway Type Description

Chaotic pathways Marked by an absence of planning, the presence of substantial constraints and the absence of family
support. This pathway consists of a series of temporary and unstable moves, with homelessness a
common feature.

Unplanned pathways Marked by an absence of planning, the presence of substantial constraints, but some degree of family
support. Movement as part of this trajectory is often in response to poor conditions and/or harassment.
This pathway tends to be local in scope.

Constrained pathways Marked by clear planning, substantial constraint and significant family support. This is a pathway which
includes aspirations of owner-occupation and tends to be local or regional in geographical scope.

Planned (non-student) Marked by substantial planning, fewer and more manageable constraints and the presence of family
pathways support. The initial exit from the parental home is anticipated and planned and is typically related to
family formation and access to economic resources from employment. This pathway is generally local
or regional, but occasionally national, in scope.

Student pathways Marked by a high degree of planning, access to the niche student housing market and considerable
family support. This pathway plays out on a national and, increasingly, global level.

Source: Ford et al. (2002)

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Vol.51 No.3 2016

Regardless of the context, Gen

Y’s housing pathway is mainly
tied to their housing affordability
level, besides being influenced by
their intrinsic characteristics. The
housing pathway type outlined in
Table 1 encompasses basic living
arrangements such as renting,
living with parents/family and
owner occupation. Some living
arrangement may be country-
specific due to cultural and
institutional influences; for instance,
some young people in the US live in
mobile homes (Lachman, 2010). It is
recognised that the choice of living
arrangement among Gen Y may be
due to other factors besides price,
rent and income. For instance, social
researchers make the connection to
living with parents with maintaining,
providing and seeking emotional
or physical support, breakdown
of romantic relationship, failure of
business venture, becoming a single
parent and ethnic preferences (Glick
& Lin, 1986). Finally, Hirayama and
Ronald (2008) suggested that Gen Y
need rental housing before entering
homeownership. In particular, the
authors propounded public renting
for young people to supplement
private renting.
4.0 Housing
affordability among
Kuala Lumpur’s Gen Y
In general, housing is deemed
affordable when a household’s non-
housing needs can still be financed
after housing costs have been met
(Monk & Whitehead, 1999; Whitehead
& Monk, 2011). Most authors noted
that families who pay more than 30
percent of their income for housing
are considered cost-burdened,
and may have difficulty to satisfy
basic requirements such as food,
clothing, transportation, and medical
attention (see for instance Bujang
et al., 2015; Ismail et al., 2015; Monk
& Whitehead, 2011; Whitehead &
Housing affordability will shape the
housing pathway of Gen Y in that
high house prices will deter current
purchase and divert young starters into
cheaper alternatives. If the high costs
of purchase prevail in the future, current
renters will most likely remain renters in
the future whilst those currently residing
with parents/family can either stay or
rent in the future.
Monk, 2011). Housing affordability is
often invoked in discussions of the
ability of people to purchase their
abodes, where high house prices
and low incomes are often cited as
indicators of housing unaffordability.
Nonetheless, high rents have been
shown to have an impact on housing
affordability, especially among lower
income households (Leopold et al.,
2015). Thus, the housing affordability
discourse should encompass both
house purchase and renting.
Housing affordability will shape the
housing pathway of Gen Y in that
high house prices will deter current
purchase and divert young starters
into cheaper alternatives. If the
high costs of purchase prevail in
the future, current renters will most
likely remain renters in the future
whilst those currently residing with
parents/family can either stay or
rent in the future. At present, major
cities in Malaysia are experiencing
a lack of supply of affordable and
well-located properties within
urban centres (Bujang et al., 2015).
This has led to the current trend
of house purchase in locations
further outside the city centres. It
is generally assumed that most
Gen Y could not afford to purchase
within the city. However, there is a
need to examine this generalisation
as housing is segmented by type
and location; a house type that is
unaffordable to purchase in the
CBD may still be affordable outside
the CBD that is still within the city
boundary. Additionally, housing that
is unaffordable to purchase may still
be affordable to rent. These are the
queries that no past studies have
covered and what this paper will
address.
Table 2 shows that Kuala Lumpur
stands out as “severely unaffordable”
among other states in Malaysia,
with Median Price-Income Ratio
(otherwise known as Median
Multiple) at 5.4. This can be
compared to the country’s Median
Multiple of 4.4, which is classified as
“seriously unaffordable” (KRI, 2015).
In summary, the current local
discourse on housing affordability
basically concerns the ability to
purchase a house rather than
looking at the other mainstream

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Table 2: Comparison of housing affordability based on annual household

median income and median all-house price across states in Malaysia, 2014

Area Annual median Median All-House Median Multiple Affordability

income Price Affordability

Terengganu 45,324 250,000 5.5

K.Lumpur 91,440 274,320 5.4

5.1 & Over
P.Pinang 56,424 169,272 5.2 Severely unaffordable

Sabah 44,940 134,820 5.1

Pahang 40,668 200,000 4.9

Kelantan 32,592 157,740 4.8

MALAYSIA 55,020 242,000 4.4

4.1 to 5.0
Perak 41,412 180,000 4.3 Seriously unaffordable

Perlis 42,000 181,000 4.3

Johor 62,364 260,000 4.2

Selangor 74,568 300,000 4.0

N.Sembilan 49,536 188,888 3.8 3.1 to 4.0

Moderately unafford-
Sarawak 45,336 164,667 3.6 able
Kedah 41,412 140,000 3.4

Melaka 60,348 180,000 3.0 3.0 & Under

Affordable

Source: Adapted from KRI (2015)

housing tenure, i.e. private renting

(see for instance Bujang et al.,
2015; KRI, 2015; Zairul et al., 2015).
By neglecting the second housing
tenure, it can cause the examination
into housing affordability among
Gen Y in Kuala Lumpur to be
incomplete. This study attempts to
provide the missing pieces to the
housing affordability discussion i.e.
if Gen Y can afford to rent within
KL and if so, in what areas of KL. It
also undertakes to show the likely
progression into owning as Gen Y
moves up the income and seniority
ladder. Thus, this paper can reveal
the housing pathway for Gen Y in KL
5.0 Methodology
A questionnaire survey was
administered on 205 respondents
who were identified based on their
age group which is between 25 and
34 years old and currently working
in Kuala Lumpur. This age range
represents the ‘young starter’ group
as used in the study by Zairul et
al. (2015). In this study, young
starters are deemed Gen Y who
have started working and excluding
students. Since the average age of
graduation is 23, it can be assumed
that respondents would be ready to
purchase or have already purchased
a house at 25 years old. The non-
probability purposive sampling
technique guided the selection of
respondents. The questionnaire
obtained the background of
respondents, respondents’ current
residence and respondents’ housing
pathway patterns.
Data from the questionnaire was
analysed using Microsoft Excel
software to generate descriptive
statistics, mainly frequency analysis.
Mean scores were also used to
examine data trends, especially with
secondary data analysis.

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Vol.51 No.3 2016

6.0 RESULTS AND junior young starter respondents

DISCUSSION
Profile of respondents
Table 3 summarises the profile of
respondents. For the purpose of this
study, the respondents were divided
into junior young starters (25-29
years old) and senior young starters
(30-34 years old). The number of
Table 3: Respondents’ details (n=205)
almost doubled the number of senior
young starters, i.e. 134 (65.4% of
At present, major
total respondents) and 71 (34.6%) cities in Malaysia
respectively. In terms of gender,
there was a slightly higher number are experiencing
female respondents at 119 (58%)
compared to 86 male respondents
a lack of supply
(42%). Most respondents were of of affordable
Malay ethnicity (58.0%), followed by
Chinese (22.9%) and Indian (13.7%). and well-located
properties

Variable Profile details f %

Eleven respondents (5.4%) indicated
Age 25-29 134 65.4 “Others” as their ethnicity. Most of
30-34 71 34.6 the respondents (86.5%) indicated
‘Married’ as their current marital
Gender Male 86 42.0 status, 11.5% were ‘Single’ and 2.0%
Female 119 58.0 were ‘Widowed’.

Ethnicity Malay 119 58.0 Almost two-thirds of the

Chinese 47 22.9 respondents (62.0%) had bachelor’s
Indian 28 13.7 degree tertiary education, 13.7%
Others 11 5.4 with master’s degree and 3.9%
with PhD. A significant portion
Marital status Single 120 58.5 (20.5%) indicated others, which
Married 85 41.5 comprises SPM, diploma and
Widow/ widower 0 0 professional qualifications. Under
Divorced 0 0 ‘Employment Sector’, more than
half of respondents were in the
Highest Education level Bachelor’s Degree 127 62.0 private sector (56.6%), whilst 25.4%
Master’s Degree 28 13.7 were in the government sector
PhD 8 3.9 and 18% were self-employed. The
Others 42 20.5 remainder of respondents falls under
‘Others’ including Non-Government
Employment sector Government 52 25.4 Organisation (NGO) and Government
Private 116 56.6 Listed Company (GLC). The majority
Self-employed 37 18.0 of respondents (44.4%) indicated
Others 42 20.5 receiving a monthly income of
between RM2,001 to RM4,000.
Gross Monthly Income Below RM2,000 54 26.3 Notably, almost similar respondent
RM2,001-RM4,000 91 44.4 portions indicated the lower income
RM4,001-RM6,000 43 21.0 level of below RM2,000 and a higher
RM6,001-RM8,000 14 6.8 bracket of RM6,001 to RM8,000, at
Above RM8,001 3 1.5 26.3% and 21.0% respectively. Only a
small percentage (1.5%) showed that
No. of Years of Working Less than 1 year 41 20.0 they were earning above RM8,001
Experience 1-5 years 95 46.3 per month. Most of the respondents
6-10 years 54 26.3 had worked between 1-5 years
More than 10 years 15 7.3 (46.3%). For the remainder, 26.3%
had worked for 6-10 years, whilst
Source: This study (2015)

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20.0% respondents only started Table 4: Respondents’ housing affordability level

working and had less than a year’s
working experience. Only 7.3% Age Category Gross Monthly Affordability Level
had more than 10 years’ working Income (a) (30% of a)
experience. Lower Higher
Table 4 shows the affordability levels
25-29 years Junior young RM2,001-RM4,000 RM600 RM900
of the young starters according
old starter
to category. The gross monthly
income data enabled the estimation 30-34 years Senior young RM4,001-RM6,000 RM1,200 RM1,800
of the affordability levels for each old starter
junior starter category by using the Source: This study (2015)
industry standard of 30% of gross
monthly income. For the junior young
starters, their mode income bracket
Table 5: Respondents’ current housing tenure
of RM2,001-RM4,000 would enable
the respondents to spend between
Age Current tenure type
RM600 to RM900 on housing costs.
On the other hand, the majority of
the senior young starter respondents 25-29 years old Renting (52.7%)
indicated a higher monthly income Living with parents/family (36.3%)
bracket of RM4,001 to RM6,000 that Homeownership (11%)
would translate into an affordable
housing expenditure of RM1,200 to 30-34 years old Renting (60%)
RM1,800. This affordability level will Living with parents/family (25.7%)
be used in the subsequent sections Homeownership (14.3%)
that will discuss the housing
Source: This study (2015)
pathway and affordable housing type
for respondents.

7.0 Housing pathway Looking at the results, the

of the respondents
This paper is distinct from earlier
housing studies on Gen Y housing in
Malaysia in that it offers an insight
into their current housing tenure and,
ceteris paribus, their future housing
tenure. Table 5 shows the current
housing tenures as experienced by
respondents. For both junior and
senior young starters, it can be
seen that the mode housing tenure
was renting. By juxtaposing the
housing tenures of both respondent
categories, it can be surmised that
the housing pathway through the
gradations were renting-renting.
To elucidate, it is foreseen that the
current junior young starter will
continue to rent their homes even
after several years in employment
and become senior young starters.
respondents were not earning
sufficient income that would enable
them to purchase a house. However,
when faced with a choice of either
renting or staying with parents,
it was apparent that the majority
of the Gen Y respondents valued
their freedom and opted to rent.
This is explained by their assertive
and independent personality. In
addition, senior young starters
showed a higher proportion of
renters compared to junior young
starters. Simultaneously, less senior
young starters indicated living with
parents/family compared to junior
young starters. For more senior
respondents, it can be deduced that
their increased income enabled them
to leave their parents’ home to either
purchase a house or live with friends.
8.0 Affordable housing
for respondents
i. Affordability to purchase within KL
This section provides an estimation
of respondents’ affordability level.
The affordability level discussed
in the above Table 4 frames the
examinations in this section. As
indicated in the introduction section,
this paper considers housing
affordability in terms of both the
ability to purchase and also to rent.
Firstly, the actual mortgage amounts
according to house types within
KL were estimated to establish the
baseline income required for house
purchase. The average house prices
in KL according to type were obtained
from JPPH House Price Index
2015 for this purpose. The monthly

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Vol.51 No.3 2016

mortgage estimation was done using
online loan calculator. At present,
most commercial banks currently
offer housing loan finance at 4.45%
to 4.65% per annum (flexi rate), 90%
margin of finance and a maximum
term of 35 years. The estimation of
the monthly mortgage payment was
based on a conservative interest rate
of 5% to take into account outgoings,
at 90% margin and a maximum term
of 35 years. Table 6 presents results
of the exercise
As revealed in Table 4, the
affordable housing expenditure
of the respondents ranged from
RM600 (Junior young starter, Lower
affordability) to RM1,800 (Senior
young starter, Higher affordability).
From all the housing types within
KL, it can be seen that only high-rise
types were within the affordability
level of part of the respondents, the
remainder types far beyond the reach
of all respondent categories. With
the ability to pay up to RM1,800 for
mortgage, senior young starters could
just afford the RM1,753 estimated for
high-rise residential property. Landed
houses were far beyond respondents’
ability to purchase, with the exception
of some terraced houses located in
KL North and KL South for double-
income Gen Y households.
The affordability to purchase
among respondents was further
analysed to estimate the house
prices that they could afford to
purchase. This simulation used the
reverse of the above method, with
similar assumptions of 90% finance
margin, 5% interest rate and 35-
year loan term. Through trial and
error, potential prices were keyed in
to yield in monthly mortgages that
were closest to the pre-determined
affordability levels. Deceptively
simple, this method closely mimics
how commercial banks determine
loan viability and thus is a reliable
indicator of the target house price
for the respondents in this study.
Results of the simulation are
summarised in Table 7.

Table 6: Average house prices in Kuala Lumpur according to house type as at Q4 2015

House Types House Price Estimated monthly Gross income

mortgage payment required to purchase*

Terraced house KL Centrala RM991,564 RM4,503 RM15,000

KL Northb RM514,735 RM2,338 RM8,000
KL Southc RM518,363 RM2,354 RM8,000

Semi-detached RM2,002,440 RM9,095 RM30,000

house

Detached RM3,722,614 RM16,909 RM66,000

High-rise RM385,967 RM1,753 RM6,000

Note: Source: JPPH (2015a)

1. a - Section 1 - 100, Mukim Kuala Lumpur & Mukim Ampang
b - Mukim Batu, Mukim Setapak, & Mukim Ulu Klang
c - Mukim Petaling & Mukim Cheras
2. *Rounded to the nearest RM1,000

Table 7: Simulated affordable house prices

Category Lower Higher Affordable Affordable

affordability level (a) affordability level (b) house price for (a) house price for (b)

Junior young starter RM600 RM900 RM132,000 RM198,000

Senior young starter RM1,200 RM1,800 RM264,000 RM396,000

Note:
The simulated prices were rounded to the nearest RM1,000

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Table 8: Average monthly house rentals in KL according to house type as at H1 201
House Type
Single storey terraced
Double storey terraced
Single storey semi-detached
Double storey semi-detached
Townhouse
Low-cost flat
Apartment
Condominium (conventional)
Notes:
1. a - Section 1 - 100, Mukim Kuala Lumpur & Mukim Ampang
b - Mukim Batu, Mukim Setapak, & Mukim Ulu Klang
c - Mukim Petaling & Mukim Cheras
2. Figures were computed by averaging JPPH’s list of rents according to type and mukim. Final figures were rounded up to the nearest RM50 rather than
RM10 or RM100. Outliers were removed to prevent distortion to the final figure e.g. for double storey terraced in Mukim Kuala Lumpur, Taman Midah
recorded RM1,000 whilst the remainder recorded RM2,500 to RM2,800. Taman Midah was considered an outlier and was removed from the computation.
The affordable prices for
respondents ranged from
RM132,000 to RM396,000. This
would suggest that it is highly likely
for the current Gen Y to only be able
to purchase high-rise residential
units within KL. Bearing in mind
the current high-rise housing
management system, this would
mean that extra housing expenditure
would be incurred in terms of
monthly maintenance charges.
ii. Affordability to rent within KL
The rental affordability examination
is more detailed than the above
discussion on affordability to
purchase. This is due to the
confirmed housing pathway of the
respondents i.e. renting-renting.
The aim of this examination is to
identify the type of house together
with the area of KL that respondents
could afford to rent. The areas are
divided into KL Central (Section
1 - 100, Mukim Kuala Lumpur &
Mukim Ampang), KL North (Mukim
Batu, Mukim Setapak, & Mukim
Ulu Klang) and KL South (Mukim
Petaling & Mukim Cheras). The
category of KL area was based on
26
Area
KL Central a
KL North b
RM1,850 RM1,350
RM2,700 RM1,550
N/A RM2,000
N/A RM4,800
RM2,400 N/A
RM550 RM600
RM1,400 RM1,300
RM2,450 RM2,300
JPPH’s categorisation in the annual
House Price Index report. The data
for strata housing rental were far
more numerous than those of landed
housing; for instance, condominium
rental data involved 107 schemes
compared to terraced housing
rentals from 16 schemes.
The examination of affordable
rental was carried out in two stages.
Firstly, rental figures according to
house type and location in KL were
determined from JPPH’s First Half
Property Market Report 2015 as the
baseline (Table 8). Selected names of
the housing schemes that were used
in Table 8 are provided in Appendix
A. Next, the results were compared
against the affordability levels of
respondents to reveal the type and
location of houses that they could
afford to rent in KL. The second
stage involved the construction of a
matrix (Figure 1).
As shown in Table 8, the average
monthly rental for terraced houses
in KL ranged from RM1,000 to
RM1,850, whilst the rental for
semi-detached ranged from
RM2,000 to RM4,800 per month.
KL Southc
RM1,600
RM1,000
N/A
N/A
N/A
RM600
RM1,000
RM1,550
Townhouse rental was around
RM2,400 per month. Low-cost flats
could be rented from RM550 to
RM600 per month, which was the
least expensive type of housing
to rent. In contrast, the monthly
rental for apartments ranged
from RM1,000 to RM1,400 and
conventional condominium from
RM1,550 to RM2,450. The analysis
of the affordable rental housing
summarised in Figure 1 yields
interesting results. Generally, it was
observed that low-cost flats in all KL
areas were the most affordable for
all respondents to rent. Other than
low-cost flats, it is found that only
two other respondent categories
could afford to rent within KL. Firstly,
Senior young starters with high
affordability level (RM1,800) are
found to be able to afford renting
terraced houses in KL North and
KL South and apartment units in all
KL areas. Secondly, Senior young
starters with low affordability lavel
(RM1,200) were shown to be able to
afford apartment units in KL South.
In contrast, Junior young starters
(RM600 to RM900) could not afford
all other types of housing besides
low-cost flats.

Figure 1: Analysis of respondent type against affordable rental housing by type and location
Area
Single storey terraced
Double storey terraced
Single storey semi-detached
Double storey semi-detached
Townhouse
Low-cost flat
Apartment
Condominium (conventional)
Notes:
JL- Junior young starter with Lower affordability (RM600/mth)
JH- Junior young starter with Higher affordability (RM900/mth)
SL- Senior young starter with Lower affordability (RM1,200/mth)
SH-Senior young starter with Higher affordability (RM1,800/mth)
9.0 Affordable housing
for respondents
The above analysis of housing
affordability among Gen Y
respondents in KL showed that
after graduation, most of the
respondents were renting. Although
this was expected among junior
young starters, the trend of renting
continued even after several
years in employment as indicated
among senior young starters. This
gave rise to the renting-renting
pathway among respondents. The
subsequent income-price analysis
provided a compelling explanation to
this result: at present, house prices
in KL were simply too high for the
Gen Y respondents whereas renting
provided a cheaper alternative to
access housing. This observation
was opposite the generational
traits of independence and being
pampered by indulgent and affluent
parents, implying that houses are
currently too expensive to purchase
and most will remain out of reach
to Gen Y who have climbed up the
employment and income ladder.
Housing Pathways Among Gen Y In Kuala Lumpur
KL Central KL North
JL JH SL SH JL JH SL SH
√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √
√ √
KL Central was the most
unaffordable area as discerned from
the above results. In contrast, KL
South was the most affordable area
for renting among the respondents,
followed by KL North. Looking
at the locations, the results were
almost predictable. Compared to
the two areas, KL Central is a prime
location that is situated close to
places of employment and other
economic activities. Based on the
Ricardian rent theory, the higher the
economic benefits offered by a site
can lead to higher rent attainable.
Residences in the CBD, Bangsar,
Segambut and Sentul are located
at the heart of the bustling KL City
that is characterised by high housing
demand and exorbitant land prices. It
is therefore natural that KL Central is
characterised by high-rise residential
unit types which caters to high to
high-middle income households.
It is observed that landed housing
types are predominantly out of reach
for the respondents to purchase
and rent, except for some terraced
houses for those earning close to
the RM6,000 range. Even so, the
senior young starters can only
Vol.51 No.3 2016
KL South
JL JH SL SH
√ √
√ √
√ √ √ √
√ √
√
afford to rent in KL North and KL
South in housing schemes such as
Taman Tan Yew Lai, Bandar Baru
Sri Petaling, Taman Bukit Maluri and
Taman Segambut that are quite a
distance from the CBD. Conversely,
the high-rise residential type was
more affordable for respondents
due to its higher supply in the city
which translates into lower rental
and prices for apartments and
selected condominiums. Senior
young starters were found to even
afford to purchase and rent selected
high-rise units at prime locations
such as Ixora Apartment at Jalan
Tun Razak. Nonetheless, high rise
units incur maintenance charges
that owners must bear and include
as housing costs. This amount
may be substantial. As for those
renting in KL South and KL North,
the commute to work in the city
centre will incur travel costs, both
in monetary and non-monetary
terms. In other words, besides
paying for fuel and toll, commuters
have to spend more time on the
road and endure social, health
and psychological effects of long
commutes and congestion.
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10. Conclusion and
recommendations
In Malaysia, housing affordability is
often associated with the ability to
enter into home ownership through
mortgage. With the current scenario
of high house prices unmatched
with income, credit crunch and
increased economic uncertainties,
house purchase has become
increasingly unattainable for Gen
Y in KL. The first reaction would
be to announce a severe housing
unaffordability among young starters
in KL. However, this paper corrects
that perception by suggesting that
housing affordability concerns
access to comfortable and proper
housing, which means that the
inquiry must also include the ability
to rent.
Results showed better affordability
for house rent within KL among Gen
Y respondents. However, the type
and location of affordable housing
were far from satisfactory. The
ability to rent mainly high-rise and
mainly in areas far from centres of
employment would imply higher
housing and travel costs, which
will eventually corrode housing
affordability. It gave rise to the
question about the quality of life for
the young people who must contend
with living outside KL for a decent
home and somehow cope with the
strains and demands of commute
and congestion.
In 2014, the government introduced
public rental scheme for young
people via the 1Malaysia Transit
Housing in Bukit Jalil. However,
public resources are limited, and
direct provision of housing by the
government has been shown to be
costly and inefficient. Thus, more
pragmatic solutions are required to
alleviate the housing affordability
problem. Firstly, the existing private
renting currently lacks structure and
28
institutional support. For instance,
there is no landlord and tenant law to
govern landlord-tenant relations. As
such, there is no standard tenancy
agreement and no proper recourse
for tenancy conflicts aside from the
normal contracts law. Implementing
a residential landlord and tenant
law would help in promoting tenure
security and transaction certainty for
private renting. Secondly, Gen Y in KL
would benefit from the introduction
of alternative housing tenures
besides private renting. Undoubtedly,
the main criticism of renting is
the lack of equity attached to the
rental payment. Alternative tenures,
otherwise known as intermediate
tenures, offer part benefits of home
ownership. The discussion on an
intermediate tenure for Malaysia was
previously provided in (Hamzah &
Daud, 2014). For Gen Y, intermediate
tenures would be a more acceptable
alternative to renting, as found in
one of the author’s previous studies
(Hamzah & Adnan, 2014).
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on ‘Generation Y’ behaviours at
 Housing Pathways Among Gen Y In Kuala Lumpur

Vol.51 No.3 2016

workplace in Penang. Journal of
Applied Sciences Research, 7(11).
Ismail, A., Bujang, A. A., Anthony
Jiram, W. R., Abu Zarin, H., & Jaafar,
M. N. (2015). Housing financing
facility and affordability level
of Bumiputera within Iskandar
Malaysia. Journal of Economics,
Business and Management, 3(9),
870-874.
JPPH. (2015a). The Malaysian House
Price Index. Putrajaya: Valuation
and Property Services Department
(JPPH).
JPPH. (2015b). Property Market
Report First Half 2015. Putrajaya:
Valuation and Property Services
Department.
KRI. (2015). Making Housing
Affordable. Kuala Lumpur: Khazanah
Research Institute (KRI).
Lachman, M. L. (2010). Generation Y:
America’s New Housing Wave. Urban
Land Institute.
Leopold, J., Getsinger, L., Blumenthal,
P., Abazajian, K., & Jordan, R. (2015).
The Housing Affordability Gap for
Extremely Low-Income Renters in
2013: Urban Institute.
Malaysian Rating Corporation
Berhad. (2013). The 2012 Bank
Negara Malaysia Annual Report.
McCrindle, M. (2003). The Generation
Map The ABC of XYZ. Australia.
Monk, S., & Whitehead, C. (Eds.).
(2011). Making housing more
affordable: The role of intermediate
tenures. UK: Wiley-Blackwell.
Monk, S., & Whitehead, C. M. E.
(1999). Evaluating the economic
impact of planning controls in the
United Kingdom: Some implications
for housing. Land Economics, 75(1),
74-93.
Whitehead, C., & Monk, S. (2011).
Affordable home ownership after the
crisis: England as a demonstration
project. International Journal of
Housing Markets and Analysis, 4(4),
326-340.
Zairul, M. N., Wamelink, J. W. F.,
Gruis, V., & John, L. H. (2015).
New industrialised housing model
for young starters in Malaysia:
Identifying problems for the
formulation of a new business
model for the housing industry.
Paper presented at the Asia Pacific
Network for Housing Research
(APNHR) 2015, Gwangju, South
Korea.

Appendix A: Selected housing schemes according to KL area

Area

House type KL Central KL North KL South

Single storey terraced Taman Tun Dr Ismail Taman Bukit Maluri Taman Tan Yew Lai
Bangsar Park, Bangsar Kepong Baru Happy Garden
Taman Bukit Desa Taman Sri Segambut Bandar Baru Sri Petaling

Double storey terraced Desa Sri Hartamas Bandar Menjalara Bandar Baru Sri Petaling
Bangsar Baru Taman Megah Kepong

Single storey semi-detached N/A Taman Wahyu N/A

Double storey semi-detached N/A Amelia Desa Park City N/A

Townhouse Desa Sri Hartamas N/A N/A

Taman Sri Hartamas

Low-cost flat Teratak Muhibah Li Garden Desa Sri Puteri

Mutiara Fadason Seri Sentosa

Apartment Apartment Putra Ria Taman Sri Kuching Avenue Court

Impian Kota Casa Idaman De Tropicana Condo
Ixora Apartment Greenview Apartment Kinrara Mas Apartment
Mawar Apartment Pangsapuri Bukit Segambut Manda’rina Court Apartment
Menara Putra Pangapuri Kiara 3 Sri Sentosa Apartment
Pengsapuri Melur Royal Regeant
Prisma Perdana Apartment Ros Villa Condo
Sri Putramas I & II
Sri Intan 2

Condominium Angkasa Impian 2 Anngun Puri Condominium Bukit OUG Condominium

Bangsar Height
City Garden Condominium
Arata Bukit Tunku
Golden City Condo
Menara Megah
Palm Court
River City Condominium
Angkupuri Condominium
Antah Tower Condo
Casa Idaman
Casa Prima Condo
Changkat View Condominium
Fortune Avenue Condominium
Petaling Indah Condominium
Desa Gembira Condominium
Puncak Bayan Condominium
Sri Desa Condo
Taman Sri Indah

Source: Property Market Report First Half Q2015 (JPPH, 2015b)

29
Interview
The Malaysian Surveyor

Sr Ringo Chan Pak Kuan

RISM Lifetime Achievement Award for year 2016
Interview conducted by Sr Juwita Radzi

It is our great honor to have Sr Ringo Chan Pak Kuan – the recipient of the RISM
Lifetime Achievement Award for year 2016 to be featured in this issue. Sr Ringo is
not a stranger to us all, for he has been with RISM in every step of the way from year
1983 until present. Born in Kuala Lumpur in 1957, Sr Ringo experienced an inspiring
professional growth with RISM and this institution has witnessed him evolving from
the once mere Graduate Member to the now respectful Fellow. Sr Ringo possesses
multiple professional accreditations under his belt besides Fellow of RISM – he is
also a registered quantity surveyor with the Board of Quantity Surveyors Malaysia
(BQSM), a Member of Royal Institute of Chartered Surveyors (RICS) and a Member of
the Malaysian Institute of Arbitrators. He is the founder of a QS consultancy firm, CPK
Associates and has been the Principal since 1999. He currently holds the Secretary of
the Education and Accreditation Board post since 2001 and was previously a member
of BQSM Education and Accreditation Committee. These positions leads him to work
closely with Institutions of Higher Learning in the development and sustainability of the
QS profession in this country. Graduated with a Diploma in Quantity Surveying from
Cauldon College of Further Education, United Kindom in 1983, Sr Ringo possesses
an outstandingly vast working experience spanning over 32 years covering all various
areas of construction industry. He joined Measat Broadcast Network Systems Sdn.
Bhd. (Astro) in 1992 and was actively involved with the Group projects which included
Maxis TOC and Towers. He played a major role in the construction of Malaysia’s first
satellite television station, Astro in Bukit Jalil and Astro 2 satellite stations in Cyberjaya.
Sr Ringo also gives back to the community by providing free quantity surveying and
project management services such as in remote Sabah and Sarawak. He visits
orphanage and old folk’s homes regularly to raise donations and also organized visits
to orphanage in Cambodia, donating food and other kinds. Due to his contribution to
the nation and profession in general, and RISM in particular, the General Council at
its meeting in 22 April 2016 has unanimously decided to confer the RISM Lifetime
Achievement Award to Sr Ringo Chan Pak Kuan. We took this opportunity to ask Sr
Ringo about his process, his success and his experience as a Quantity Surveyor.

30
 Vol.51 No.3 2016

Q&A
Q. What does receiving the Lifetime
Achievement Awards from RISM
mean to you?
I am greatly honoured to receive the Award and am
most grateful to RISM for it. To be frank, I set very
high goals for myself in everything I do (Librans are
perfectionist by nature). I must say, the Award gave
me a great sense of self recognition and satisfaction
in everything I have being undertaking. I may be
in my retiring age now but the Award definitely will
inspire me to keep going and carry on with whatever I
am doing now. I am confident that I have many more
years in me to contribute to RISM and the industry.

Q. How has RISM helped and / or

impacted your work and professional
career?
I joined RISM in 1983 as a Graduate member and
have never looked back since. I used to attend
many of the CPD trainings and seminars organized
by RISM. Back then, these CPD activities were my
mentors. Everyone else was so busy with their works
and they really never have the time nor patience to
I regret to observe attend to you. Not when they are handling like 10 or
more projects at any one time! It was in RISM where
that education has I got to know many of our pioneer surveyors who
become merely a were so willing to share their experiences with us.
Trust me, some of their stories are eyes openers and
commercial commodity definitely widened my horizon about the surveying
profession. Seriously if you think about it, where
nowadays. Higher else but in RISM, can you meet surveyors from every
learning institutions aspect of the industry and network with them.

are only interested to

profit from the students. Q. Do you have any regrets in how you
navigated your professional career
as QS?
No proper training or Regrets, no I don’t think so. However, sometimes I
guidance given resulting do wonder why QS seemed to do all the works in a
construction project, but paid the least! At the same
to poor quality graduates time we are always given the near impossible task
to complete the Tender Documentation within the
entering the industry. shortest time.

31
Interview
The Malaysian Surveyor

Q. What was the harshest critique you have

ever received in your professional career
as QS?
I remember there were few incidents when I was
questioned by the Clients or other consultants. One
such incident was when the Engineer challenged my
costing on the roof which indicated an over design on his
part. I stood firm on it and a check with a roof specialist
Q. In your opinion, what is/are the most
pressing issues in our field today? Why?
Lack of quality graduates. I regret to observe that
education has become merely a commercial commodity
nowadays. Higher learning institutions are only
interested to profit from the students. No proper training
or guidance given resulting to poor quality graduates
entering the industry.

concurred with my costing. The harshest critique was
when the Client’s General Manager (who was also a QS)
walked in to a meeting and threw the monthly report
prepared by me onto the table and shouted at me calling
my report utter rubbish. It almost made me fall off my
chair (I was after all just a young QS graduate). I took the
report, flipped through the pages, stared him in the eyes
and calmly asked him which part of it was rubbish. You
know what his answer was, “I don’t know!”
Q.
What advice or words of encouragement
would you give to all surveyors out
there?
I know things don’t look good out there now and I would
urge all surveyors to maintain their professionalism
at all times. We need to stay focus in maintaining our
ethics and integrity in the industry. I also urge all RISM
members to come forth to contribute to the Institution.

Q. What do you consider as the biggest To all surveyors who are not members of RISM, please
register yourself with RISM. This is your Institution!
success in your life?
I would not consider this the biggest success in my life
but definitely the most satisfying achievement in my
career. It was in 1995 when I was working alongside
Q. Is there anything else you would like to
share with our readers?
4 project managers in the completion of a project Life is like a book. You have being given the beginning.
worth over RM 200.0M in 12 months. That was some The body is your memories and experience. The ending
achievement considering the fact that there were is entirely your choice. Remember to live your life!
shortages in most major building materials at that time.
Today, I have yet to achieve time and financial freedom.
Most if not all of us make decisions based on either time
or money constraints or both throughout our lives. The
day I can make a decision without the need to consider
time and financial constraints will be the biggest success
in my life.

Q. If you were not QS, what career would

you have chosen?
Life is like a book.
I believe I would be a lawyer. I am sure I will make a very
good lawyer but because of my character, definitely not a You have being given
successful one.
the beginning. The body
Q. What advice would you give to your
18-year-old self?
is your memories and
experience. The ending
Respect your parents and learn to understand them.
One day, you will be them yourself. Plan and enjoy your is entirely your choice.
journey to adulthood. A strong foundation will help build
a very tall you. Remember to live
your life!

32
 MANAGING STRESS
W. M. A. Wan Hussin

Universiti Sains Malaysia

Saying Good Things

To Depressed Friends
The first few months of 2016 in Malaysia was hotter than before, and the weatherman
associated it with the equinox, when the sun was shining directly over the equator, and
the heat wave was caused by the El Nino phenomenon. The heat might worsen if we
start to say something bad to someone who is depressed.

We may know someone closed to us who are depressed, but we may not be sure as to
what to say to help him. But alleviating his anxieties is a good start, for example, saying
something that come from a place of compassion and acceptance.

How about starting with some of these helpful and kind words?

33
 Saying Good Things To Depressed Friends
MANAGING STRESS
The Malaysian Surveyor

S
Offer help
tress and depression
place a great weight on
the person, so there are
probably many things
you can do to ease the
load he may recover.
However, he may be reluctant to
accept the offer for fear of becoming
a burden. It is the honest effort to
offer assistance that can alleviate
the stress he may be facing. Offering
help may come in many forms
but knowing the problems he may
be facing can lead to better and
effective offers to help. How about
saying, “Is there anything I can do to
help you?”
Care and
understanding
The two simple words, “I care”, can
mean so much to a person who may
be feeling like the entire world is
against him. Though it may not be
easy to get the message across, the
A person who is depressed may feel
caring attributes may come in many
forms depending on who the person
is, and how close are you with him.
The attributes of caring for wife or
daughter can be a hug or a gentle
touch which speak volumes about
what you are feeling. A sitting down
session with an office mate to offer
help, either through words of advice
or offering solutions can give a big
impact.
To care means to realise the
experience he is now facing without
trivialising the case. Try to be sincere
if you don’t understand the real
situation he is going through but it
matters when you care about him
and want to try. It’s the care that
matters.
Lend your ears
Sometimes the most effective
solution you can do for a
depressed friend is to simply listen
sympathetically while he talks
about what is bothering him. The
chance to express his part of the
story allows him to relieve the
pressure he is facing. It is even more
prominent if the “talk with” session
materialise as it involves a two-way
communication that may be enough
to lessen his pain and corrects his
brain chemistry rather than the ”talk
to” session as this may mean a one-
way communication that lacks the
respond to his expression.
A person who is depressed may
feel weak or something is not right
with him. It may be the character
flaw that causes the biochemical
imbalance in the brain. It doesn’t
mean that he is weak, but it means
that he needs a great deal of
strength to fight back, and stronger
than he used to be, to be fully
recovered. The most important thing
is allowing him to vent the frustration
rather than allowing them to build up
inside.
I’m here for you
Depression can be a very lonely
experience. He may feel as if no one
understands what he is feeling or
even cares to understand. When you
reach out to him and let him know
that you are going to be there for
him, every step of the way counts
as it can be very reassuring. It is
the common feeling among those
who are depressed and under stress
that makes it even worse when

weak or something is not right with him. the thought that nobody matters.
Try to be sincere that everything
It may be the character flaw that causes does matters. To stay calm and
the biochemical imbalance in the brain. continue to do what you can to love
and support him in whatever way
It doesn’t mean that he is weak, but it he will allow will in a matter of time
means that he needs a great deal of appreciate the assistance you offer
to him.
strength to fight back, and stronger than
To care and to support someone
he used to be, to be fully recovered. who is depressed is one of those
positive affects that refers to one’s
propensity to experience positive
emotions and interact with others
who are closed to them.

34
 Vol.51 No.3 2016

It’s fated and there is whole situation towards managing

stress. Saying bad words to others
room for improvement can be threatening and pervasive,
Stress is always and the situation can be much more
To accept fate is the true belief
in God. It’s all fated, so there’s treatable, but stressful and scary.

always a lesson learnt but work
out the improvement. It is an act of
reassuring him that it’s not the end
of the world but there is hope to
return to normal. Accepting what had
happened as a fate will reduce the
act of pointing fingers to others for
what had happened.
therapy are crucial
It is the acceptance of fate that he
may believe that there is always a
better hope and the good chance
ignoring stress The important thing is to reach out
and its long-term to him and let him know that he
matters to you.
effect can be W.M.A. Wan Hussin is a Professor at the School
real damaging. of Civil Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia. He
conducts several courses and training programmes
Medication and on stress management and delivers public lectures
and talks on management issues for various
organizations. He is currently a Licensed Land
Surveyor, Malaysian Speaking Professional of the
to the recovery Malaysian Association of Professional Speakers,
a Fellow of the Royal Institution of Surveyors
Malaysia and can be reached at
wmabwh@gmail.com.

of returning back to normal again.

It may also mean setting a lower
standard then before, and accepting
it when they are not met. Accepting
it as a fate means the drive to
work harder for a better output
as believing that getting a better
outcome is also a fate.

Let’s talk to the doctor

Getting treatment from the doctor is
always important. It is real effective
to seek help as there is nothing
wrong in getting assistance from the
doctor. Stress is always treatable,
but ignoring stress and its long-
term effect can be real damaging.
Medication and therapy are crucial to
the recovery.

So, learn to say good things to relieve

stress of someone depressed

It works as saying good things

to someone who is depressed
can change the way his views on
the stressors around him. The
experience of managing stress is
actually an interaction between the
circumstances around us by saying
good things. Changing the way we
perceive our life’s circumstances and
the way we talk to others who are
depressed can actually change the

35
ELEMENTal COST ANALYSIS
The Malaysian Surveyor

Child Care Centre

ROYAL INSTITUTION OF SURVEYORS MALAYSIA
BUILDING COST INFORMATION CENTRE

4 - Health & Welfare

ELEMENTAL COST ANALYSIS - FORM 1
A - 1 - 1420

JOB TITLE : Proposed Construction, Completion and Commissioning of Child Care Centre and CLIENT : PRIVATE
Associated Works at Sepang, Selangor Darul Ehsan.

LOCATION : Daerah Sepang, Mukim Labu, Selangor Darul Ehsan TENDER DATE : 8/28/2014
INFORMATION TOTAL PROJECT
Project and Contract Information
Project Details and Site Condition : Contract :
The project is developed by a Corporate Company,a Child Care Centre for their staff and located MAHB Form BQ (Rev. 2014) – With Quantities
at the entrance road of their Corporate Office. The condition of site is slump ground that has been
treated.

Market Conditions : COMPETITIVE

Contract particulars : Competitive Tender List
RM Int (JV)/L
Type of Contract : MAHB Form BQ (Rev. 2014) – With Cost Fluctuation: Yes
Quantities 6,300,000.00 L
Basis of Tender : No /
Bills of Quantities / Open / Selected / 5,900,000.00 L
Competition Government
5,893,376.50 L
Bills of Appr. Quant. Negotiated Private /
4,988,800.80 L
Provisional Sums RM 200,000.00
Schedule of rates / Serials
Spec. & Drawings Prime Cost Sums RM -

Contract Period Stipulated by Client: 4 Months Preliminaries RM 303,771.50

Contract Period Offered by Builders: 4 Months Contigencies RM -

Numbers of Tenders Issued : 6 Contract Sum RM 4,988,800.80

Numbers of Tenders Received : 4

ANALYSIS OF SINGLE BUILDING

Design/Shape Information
Accomodation and Design Features:
Square building with one open entrance for user with enclosed wall.

Areas :
Functional unit: 852 m² Design / Shapes
Lower Ground Floor - m² Percentage of Gross Floor Area
Ground floor 1,420 m²
Upper Floors - m² External Wall Area = 1152 (a) Below Ground Floor -
%
Gross Floor Area 1420 m² Gross Floor Area 1420
(b) Single-Storey
100 %
Usable Area 852 m² = 0.81 Construction
Circulation Area 353 m²
Ancillary Area 181 m² (c) Two-storey
- %
Internal Division 34 m² Storey Heights: Construction
Gross Floor Area 1420 m²
Av. Below Ground Floor - m (d) 3-storey Construction
- %
Floor Spaces NOT Enclosed: - m²
At Ground Floor 3.60 m
Roof Area : 1976 m² (e) 20-storey
- %
(Structural and Plant Rooms) Above Ground Floor - m Construction
(average)

Brief Cost
Contract sum RM 4,988,800.80 Functional Unit Costs :
excluding external works RM 4,869.60 per m2
Provisional Sums RM 200,000.00

Prime Cost Sums RM -

Preliminaries RM 303,771.50 being 6.48 % of remainder

Contigencies RM - being - % Contract Sum

Contract Sum less Contingencies RM 4,988,800.80

36
 Vol.51 No.3 2016

ROYAL INSTITUTION OF SURVEYORS MALAYSIA

BUILDING COST INFORMATION CENTRE

ELEMENTAL COST ANALYSIS - Form 2

4 - Health & Welfare
A - 1 - 1420
SUMMARY OF ELEMENT COSTS

Gross Floor Area : 1,420 m² TENDER DATE : 28/8/2014

Preliminaries Shown Separately
Total Cost Cost per m2 Element Element Element Reinforced Rein- Formwork
of Element GFA Unit unit rate Ratio per Concrete forcement
RM RM Quantity RM m2 GFA m3 kg m2
1. Substructure
1A Piling 218,458.00 153.79 3,978 m 54.92 2.80
1B Work Below Lowest Floor 613,540.00 431.92 1,420 m2 431.92 1.00
Finish

Group Element Total : 831,998.00 585.71 - - -

2 Superstructure
2A Frame 322,930.70 227.34 1,420 m2 227.34 1.00
2B Upper Floor - - - m2 - -
2C Roof 372,993.40 262.58 1,976 m2 188.76 1.39
2D Stairs - - - - - - - - -
2E External Wall 121,129.70 85.27 1,152 m2 105.15 0.81 - - -
2F Windows & External Doors 242,327.44 170.59 394 m2 615.60 0.28 - - -
2G Internal Walls & Partitions 38,317.60 26.98 1,110 m2 34.52 0.78 - - -
2H Internal Doors 58,173.06 40.95 132 m2 440.30 0.09 - - -

Group Element Total : 1,155,871.90 813.72 - - -

3. Finishes
3A Internal Wall Finishes 116,804.40 82.23 3,562 m² 32.79 0.02
3B Internal Floor Finishes 151,229.10 106.46 1,292 m² 117.05 0.08
3C Internal Ceiling Finishes 147,705.20 103.98 1,518 m² 97.30 0.07
3D External Finishes 203,626.20 143.35 - - -

Group Element Total : 619,364.90 436.02

Tendered
4. Fittings and Furnishing - - P.C.Sums Allowed (RM)
Sums (RM)

5. Services
5A Sanitary Appliances 65,962.20 46.44 275 Nos 239.86 0.19
5B Plumbing Installation 215,252.30 151.53 - - -
5C Refuse Disposal - - - - -
5D Air-conditioning & Ventilation 63,550.00 44.74 - -
-
System
5E Electrical Installation 800,760.00 563.72 - - -
5F Fire Protection Installation 26,890.00 18.93 - - -
5G Lift & Conveyor Installation - - - - -
5H Communication Installation - - - - -
Special Installation (Generator - - - -
5J -
Set System)
5K Builder's Profit & Attendance - - - -
-
on Services
5L Builder's Work in Connection 65,478.60 46.10 - -
-
With Services

Group Element Total : 1,237,893.10 871.46 - -

Sub-total excluding External Works, 3,845,127.90 2,706.91

6. External Works
6A Site Work 426,849.20 300.50 - - -
6B Drainage 168,377.60 118.54 - - -
6C External Services - - - - -
6D Ancillary Buildings 44,674.60 31.45 - - -
6E Recreational Facilities - - - - -
Group Element Total : 639,901.40 450.48
Preliminaries 303,771.50 213.85

TOTAL ( less Contigencies ) 4,788,800.80 3,371.24

37
ELEMENTal COST ANALYSIS
The Malaysian Surveyor

ROYAL INSTITUTION OF SURVEYOR MALAYSIA

BUILDING COST INFORMATION CENTRE

ELEMENTAL COST ANALYSIS - Form 3 4 - Health & Welfare

A - 1 - 1420
BRIEF SPECIFICATION
GROSS FLOOR AREA : 1420 m² TENDER DATE : 28/8/2014

ELEMENT SPECIFICATION
1 Substructure
1A Piling 2000mm x 200mm Precast concrete pile
1B Work Below Lowest Floor Finish Vibrated reinforced concrete Grade 25

2 Superstructure
2A Frame Vibrated reinforced concrete Grade 30
2B Upper Floors - Not Applicable-
2C Roof Reinforced concrete Grade 25 roof slab, metal decking roofing on steel roof truss, uPVC
rainwater downpipe accessories
2D Staircase - Not Applicable-
2E External Walls 14mm thick in clay brick in composition mortar (1:3), 114mm thick in facing brick in composition
mortar (1:3), 800mm high (average) steel railing comprises of 15mm diameter circular hollow
section (CHS), 25mm rectangular hollow section (RHS) and 75mm x 200mm x 800mm high steel
column well
2F Windows & External Doors Natural anodised aluminium frame casement windows with clear glass, Econframe door, stainless
steel grill door and phenolic door
2G Internal Walls & Partition 114mm thick in clay brick in composition mortar (1:3)
2H Internal Doors Econframe door, glass door, aluminium louvered door, stainless steel grill door, phenolic door

3 Finishes
3A Internal Wall finishes MML' ceramic glazed wall tiles, 'ICI' painting
3B Internal Floor Finishes MML' matte homogeneous tiles, 'MML' non slip homogeneous tiles, vinyl tiles, and 'FOSROC
BRUSHBOND' as waterproofing
3C Internal Ceiling Finishes BORAL plaster ceiling board, mineral fibre suspended ceiling, 'ICI Dulux painting
3D External Finishes ICI Dulux Alkali resisting wall sealer, wall stone cladding, 'ALUCODRAND' aluminium composite
panel, SWISSMA PVDF coated aluminum strip ceilings

4 Fittings and Furnishings - Not Applicable-

5 Services
5A Sanitary Appliances Medium range of sanitary fittings - squatting/padestal WC, urinal bowl, basin, basin tap, robe
hook, paper holder, soup dispenser, hand dryer, shower shelf, hand bidet sprayer, floor trap,
shower mixer, handicap grap bar, drainer sink, stainless steel bin, glass mirror
5B Plumbing Installation Cold water and sanitary plumbing.
5C Refuse disposal - Not Applicable-
5D Air-Conditioning & Ventilation Air cooled split unit system, air cooled packaged, electrical wiring and mechanical ventilation
System system.
5E Electrical Installation Complete electrical services, telephone, cctv
5F Fire Protection Installation Fire alarm system and portable fire extinguisher system.
5G Lift & Conveyor Installation - Not Applicable-
5H Communication Installation - Not Applicable-
5J Special Installation - Not Applicable-
5K Builders's Profit & Attendance on - Not Applicable-
Services
5L Builders's Work in Connection With - Not Applicable-
Services

6 External Works
6A Site Works Site preparation and earthworks, Roadworks, Fencing, Landscaping
6B Drainage Stormwater drainage systems, foul drainage system and water reticulation system which include
all the fittings and accessories.
6C External Services - Not Applicable-
6D Ancillary Building Refuse Chamber, Guard House
6E Recreation Facilities - Not Applicable-

38
 rism activities
Vol.51 No.3 2016

18th International
Surveyor’s Congress

The 18th International Surveyor’s

Congress (ISC) was held on May 12
and 13, 2016 at the Istana Hotel,
Kuala Lumpur and was officiated by
the Minister of Natural Resources
and Environment, YB Dato’ Sri Dr. Hj.
Wan Junaidi Tuanku Jaafar.

The theme, “The Resilient

Professional – Thriving in a
Changing Economy”, was to look
into the fast changing international
and domestic economic landscapes
in light of the vitality in the financial,
commodity and currency markets;
and the transitory advantages
business participants can exploit
to improve their organisational
effectiveness.

The total of 466 delegates attended

and participated in the two-day
congress, which brought together
surveyors from around the nation.

39
rism activities
The Malaysian Surveyor

There were 32 speakers, including

local and international chairpersons.

The Land Surveyors Board Malaysia

and Royal Institution of Surveyors
Malaysia (RISM) have also
successfully sponsored students
to this congress. This initiative was
introduced for the very first time
to provide some early professional
exposure to tertiary students in the
surveying discipline.

The organising chairperson and

the committee members would
like to express their gratitude to all
participants, session chairs, keynote
speaker and sponsors for their kind
contributions towards the success of
this congress.

It is hoped that the participants

have enjoyed and benefited from the
congress whilst contributing towards
its success.

40
 Vol.51 No.3 2016

Extraordinary General Meeting (EGM)

The Extraordinary General Meeting

(EGM) was held on May 14, 2016 at
9am at Mahkota 3, Hotel Istana, Kuala
Lumpur.

The EGM was held to get the general

body’s approval on the application for
additional budget for the renovation
and upgrading works of the existing
four-storey office block of Bangunan
Juruukur DiRaja Malaysia, 64 & 66, Jalan
52/4, Petaling Jaya, Selangor and it was
agreed by the general body.

Another resolution was on the proposed

changes to the Clause 3(1) e) and the
Clause 3(1) (f) in the Constitution and
by-laws on the diversification of entry
route of membership for PMVS Division
to include Property Development and
Investment, Property Management
and Valuation of Intangible Property.
However, there would be no changes to
the Membership Class, RISM Title, RISM
Designation and Voting Rights.

41
rism activities
The Malaysian Surveyor

55th Annual General Meeting

The 55th RISM Annual General
Meeting (AGM) took place right
after the EGM. The AGM proceeded
smoothly with the presentation
and deliberation of the annual
report, minutes of previous AGM
and the financial statement.
Following the AGM, there was
presentation of the diploma of
New Membership Certificates for
the Member’s category. This was
followed by the presentation of the
RISM Professional Examination
Certificates and RISM Best Students
Award.

The AGM concluded with the

presentation of Certificates of
Appreciation to all councillors
and the introduction of incoming
councillors for session 2016/2017
and President YBhg. Dato’ Sr K.
Sri Kandan announced that he will
continue his term for one more
session.

42
 Vol.51 No.3 2016

55th RISM Annual Dinner

Later that evening, the 55th RISM Annual

Dinner was held at Mahkota Ballroom,
Hotel Istana, Kuala Lumpur with the
presence of Royal Patron HRH the Sultan
of Selangor. Besides RISM members, the
guests included members from allied
professionals.

The evening witnessed the presentation

of the following Excellence award
to worthy recipients who are RISM
members:

Outstanding Writer on Property

and Construction,
Ms Thean Lee Cheng

Lifetime Achievement Award

Sr Ringo Chan Pak Kuan

Malaysian Surveyor of the Year

Sr John S C Loh

The dinner ended with the cutting of the

anniversary cake and presentation of
memento to HRH the Sultan of Selangor.

43
rism activities
The Malaysian Surveyor
RISM Charity Run 2016
The Royal Institution of Surveyors
Malaysia (RISM) successfully
organised the inaugural RISM
Charity Run 2016 on July 31, 2016 at
Tasik Taman Jaya in Petaling Jaya,
Selangor.
Through events such as this, RISM
aims to raise funds as well as foster
awareness for charitable calls in
Malaysia namely, the Yayasan Raja
Muda Selangor (YRMS).
The 441 runners from all walks of life
participated in the run, which offered
six categories of participation and
two routes with distances of 7km
and 3km, at the locality of Tasik
44
Taman Jaya in Petaling Jaya. The
morning also saw celebrity runner
Edan Syah, sharing his experience
with avid runners present and also
various family activities.
RISM President YBhg Dato’ Sr K.
Sri Kandan, in his speech, said that
RISM has been involved in a number
of charity events such as the setting
up of mini library facilities at Pusat
Pengajian Al-Islah Orphanage in
Perlis, the Children’s Ward at Hospital
USM in Kota Bharu, Hospital UKM
in Kuala Lumpur, to name a few,
and this year’s run will continue to
contribute to the needy as part of its
social responsibility.
At the event, a mock cheque in the
sum of RM50,000 was presented
by YBhg Dato’ Sr Sri Kandan to
YRMS Director YBerusaha Puan
Aminah Abd Rahim. Sponsors who
contributed were Construction
Industry Development Board,
Lembaga Jurukur Tanah
Semenanjung Malaysia, Sunway
Construction Sdn Bhd, Glodon
Software Sdn Bhd, Etiqa Takaful,
Hotel Istana Kuala Lumpur, CBRE
WTW, Rahim & Co. Chartered
Surveyors Sdn Bhd, Henry Butcher
Malaysia Sdn Bhd and ExaStrata
Solutions Sdn Bhd.
 Vol.51 No.3 2016

CSR Programme In Paediatric Wards

Arising from the successful Mini
Library Projects which were carried
out at Asrama Teratak Rahmat,
Pusat Pengajian Al Islah Perlis and
Paediatric Ward 4D (Oncology &
Haematology), UKM Medical Centre,
Kuala Lumpur, the General Council of
RISM for this Session (2016/2017)
decided to have another Mini Library
project at the Hospital USM in Kota
Bharu, Kelantan. This project was to
bring the joy of books to seriously ill
children in hospitals.

RISM’s delegation led by the

President, Dato’ Sr K. Sri Kandan,
Deputy President, Dato’ Sr Lau
Wai Seang, Past President and
Organising Chair, Sr Dr. Wan Maimun
Wan Abdullah and several RISM
Councillors, witnessed the launching
of the Mini Library on 25 July 2016
at the Hospital USM, Kuala Kerian,
Kelantan. Goodie bags were also
distributed to the young patients.
About 10 media recorded the event
and interviewed the President and
Organising Chair regarding the project
and RISM. The news coverage
appeared in the local dailies as well
as broadcasted on TV News.

45
 rism activities
The Malaysian Surveyor

COUNCIL MEMBERS OF THE 56TH SESSION 2016/2017

YBhg. Dato’ Sr K. Sri Kandan

President

YBhg. Dato’ Sr Lau Wai Seang YBhg. Dato’ Sr Hasan Jamil Sr Ang Fuey Lin Sr Gar Ti Wei
Deputy President Immediate Past President Hon. Secretary General Hon. Secretary General

YBhg. Dato’ Sr Mohd
Noor Isa
Vice President
Geomatic & Land
Surveying Division
Sr Choy Yue Kwong Sr Wan Ainon Zuraiha Sr Hj. Mohd Amin Mohd Din
Vice President W. A. Khalid Vice President
Property Management, Vice President Building Surveying Division
Valuers & Estate Agency Quantity Surveying
Surveying Division Division

Sr Jonathan Ngu Liew Ing Sr Samuel Chong Choung Henn Sr Dr. Janice Lee Yim Mei
Chair Chair Chair
Sarawak Branch Sabah Branch Johor Branch

Sr Nor Azah Mohd Salleh Sr Wan Zainuddin Hj. Wan Yusoff

Chair Chair
Northern Branch East Coast Branch

46
 Vol.51 No.3 2016

Sr Lim Meng Heok Assoc. Prof. Sr Sr Ina Abu Bakar Sr Ishak Ismail
Education & Accreditation Zaiton Yaacob Editorial Board Board of Building
Board Examination Board Management

YBhg. Dato’ YBhg. Dato’ Sr Abdull Sr Dr. Hjh. Rahah Ismail

Sr Hasan Jamil Manaf Hj Hashim Professional Board
Professional Board Professional Board Board of Valers, Appraisers,
Board of Land Surveyors Board of Quantity Surveyors Malaysia
Malaysia Malaysia

Sr Dainna Baharuddin Sr Ringo Chan Pak Kuan Sr Dr. Teng Chee Hua
Councillor Councillor Councillor

Sr Hj. Hashim Hj. Sibelik Sr Lim Choon Yong Sr Allan Sim Song Len
Councillor Councillor Councillor

Prof. Sr Dr. Md Najib Ibrahim Sr Hj Mohd Zahry Shaikh Prof. Sr Dr. Hjh Wan Maimun
Councillor Abdul Rahman Wan Abdullah
Councillor Councillor

47
LIST OF NEW MEMBERS
May – September 2016

QUANTITY SURVEYING Sr Norazuin bt Dolmat Sr Muhammad Azwan b. Abdul Hadi

Unit Perancang Ekonomi SG Contract Services3
Fellow
Sr Hj. Azinal Abidin b. Hj. Ali
Sr Siti Suhaibah bt Mohd. Ghazali Sr Nor Sharina bt Jamal
QS Focus Sdn Bhd
AQS Services Sdn Bhd CKUB, JKR
Sr Chew Shiaw Ping
Sr Yusmady b. Md Junus Sr Ooi Soo Chin
SP Perunding
SPACE, UTM Kuantibina SdnBhd
Sr Ishak b. Hj. Atan
Sr Zainal Abidin b. Mohamed Yusoff Sr Qeok Yi Nian
Perunding DMA Sdn Bhd
Perunding NFL Sdn Bhd Perunding NFL Sdn Bhd
Sr Zaidi Kassim
Sr Azaha b. Awaludin Sr Razilan b. A. Razak
Q Bena Resources Sdn Bhd
JB Bergabung ZAMS QS Construction
Sr Chew Shiaw Ping
Sr Hairani bt Mohd Sabtu Sr Rohaidah bt Roslan
SP Perunding
Opus International (M) Sdn Bhd CKP Jurukur Bahan Sdn Bhd
Sr Chin Keh Liang
Sr Md Nur Zaky b. Zakaria Sr Saliza bt Mohd Masri
JUB Central Sdn Bhd
DISB Builders Sdn Bhd MBPJ
Member
Sr Nik Rohaizan bt Nik Mohd Ariffin Sr Shahrul Azlan b. Rohani @ Abdul Ghani
Sr Ahmad Hisham b. Che Pa
JKR Perak ARH Jurukur Bahan Sdn Bhd
Dewan Bandaraya Kuala Lumpur
Sr Salwa bt Shahruddin Sr Zawiyah bt Kassim
Sr Awatif bt Abdul Ghaffar
JKR Malaysia KPM
Unit Perancang Ekonomi
Sr Shahrul Nazha b. Najmi Graduate
Sr Chen Lee Peng
Opus International (M) Sdn Bhd Abang Mustapha b. Abang Hamkah
YSCA Consultancy Sdn Bhd
Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia
Sr Tan Cheng Eian
Sr Chen Shiau Foong
Lendlease Projects (M) Sdn Bhd Adiba Fatin bt Abdul Nasir
KPK QS (Sem) Sdn Bhd
Kuantikos Perunding
Sr Abdulla b. Halide
Sr David Yong Vui Lun
Kinabalu Setia Konsult Ahmad Shukri Zaki b. Naziff
Perunding Ukur Bahan AL
JUBM Sdn Bhd
Sr Azury bt Kamaruddin
Sr Fadzir Azuan b. Mahari
Prasarana Malaysia Berhad Amirul Hakimi b. Abdul Kadir
BCQS Consult Sdn Bhd
JUBM Sdn Bhd
Sr Chuah Yiing Min
Sr Hasniza bt Abdul Razak@Abdul Ghani
MQS Consult Annuryani bt Mohamed Raihan
Unit Perancang Ekonomi
Jabatan Pengairan dan Saliran
Sr Dr Saipol Bari b. Abd Karim
Sr Jong Soon Loong
Universiti Malaya Antonio Chung Chun Hee
CKP Nizaruddin Juruukur Bahan Sdn
Vincent Tan & Associates
Sr Hazrin Hisham b. Hassan
Sr Keith Michael Pereira
HAH Associates Bermadette Ling Yee Kiew
Kajima Overseas Asia Pte Ltd (Singapore)
Perunding PCT Sdn Bhd
Sr Hishaiman b. Hussain
Sr Lam Siew Fong
Jab Pengairan & Saliran Malaysia Bibi Amira bt Abd Karim
Langdon & Seah Sdn Bhd
Sato Kogyo Co. Ltd
Sr Irwan b. Abd Rahim
Sr Lee Chin Fern
THP Development Consultantcy Sdn Bhd Cheah Siok Teng
YSCA Consultancy Sdn Bhd
Kumpulan Sepakat Konsult
Sr Kaw Fong Kian
Sr Mohd Azhar Mat Salleh
Prinsiptek (M) Sdn Bhd Cheng Meljyn
CKUB, JKR
Yong Dan Mohamad Faiz Sdn Bhd
Sr Lee Swee Kun
Sr Nazirah bt Abd Rahim
Econcos Consultants Chong Phui Hoong
CKP Nizaruddin Juruukur Bahan Sdn Bhd
AQS Services Sdn Bhd
Sr Masnizan b. Che Mat
Sr Ng Wai Lon
Pusat Pengajian Ukur Bahan, UiTM Fadhli b. Mohamad
Yong Dan Mohamad Faiz Sdn Bhd
JUBM Sdn Bhd
Sr Mohd Nazib b. Md Samri
Sr Noraini bt Mohd Khalid
JKR Negeri Johor Garnette Fedora bt Boniface
Sime Darby Property Berhad
Gamuda Engineering Sdn Bhd
Sr Muhamad Hafizuddin b. Idris
Sr Norazah bt Attan
KA Associates Hiew Yun Nee
QS Foxus Sdn Bhd
SP Perunding

48
 Vol.51 No.3 2016

Ho Jia Yuen Sum Man Teng Lim Wei Kiat

Yong Dan Mohamad Faiz Sdn Bhd Yong Dan Mohamad Faiz Sdn Bhd CK Century Cons. Sdn Bhd

Jessia Elnos Jesson Tan Hooi Kheng Loo Weichun

JKR, Sabah Langdon & Seah Sdn Bhd Kumpulan Sepakat Konsult

Jonathan Chong Yii Hean Toh Sim Mun Mohamad Faiz b. Ismi
CSL QS Consult Perunding PCT Sdn Bhd IM Jurukur Bahan

Kok May Yin Wilson Wee Pei Seng Mohd Saifuddin b. Mohd Ridzuan
DK-QS Sdn Bhd SP Perunding MNQS Consult

Kong Sook Lee Wong Siew Thung Mok Shi-Wei

Northcroft Lim Perunding Sdn Bhd QSP Consultants Sdn Bhd Northcroft Lim Perunding

Lam Chia Yen Zanariah bt Mahmood Muhammad Aqeel b. Amirullah

CPK Associates KZM Consult Sdn Bhd MF Associates

Lee Youe Wai Zolkeplee b. Basir @ Daim Muhammad Arief b. Abdul Rahman
AQS Services Sdn Bhd Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Pakatan Ukur Bahan

Li Zi Qian Ahmad Dzarfan b. Alias Muhammad Asyraf b. Ab. Rashid

Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman Sutomo & Associates KPK QS (Sem.) Sdn Bhd

Lin Bee Hung Ahmad Firdausi Hafiz b. Pawira Muhammad Azim b. Abd Rashid
JUBC Sdn Bhd KPK QS (Sem.) Sdn Bhd AS2 Consult Sdn Bhd

Long Jin Keat Ahmad Khairul Adha b. Jamaludin Nazarudin b. Mashtuki

AQS Services Sdn Bhd Advantage QS Sdn Bhd Subang Jaya Municipal Council

Mohamad Mustaqim b. Mersal Anizah bt Ahmad Noor Adawiyah bt Abdul Munap

KA Associates WZS Kenkeong Perunding Ukur Bahan ASMY

Mohamad Shakir b. Mazlan Azizah bt Md. Hussin Noriza Abdul Samad

JUBM Sdn Bhd Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia MITG Group

Ng Choong Eu Azizul Hadi b. Saad Nur Ellyana bt Mohd Ariff

Northcroft Lim Perunding Sdn Bhd SPNB Idaman Sdn Bhd Segi University

Ng Poh Li Choo Hui Poh Sia Ee Wen

Gamuda Engineering Sdn Bhd KPK QS (Sem.) Sdn Bhd Siacon Technology Sdn Bhd

Noor Azeyah bt Dato’ Hj Khiyon Evonne Lim Xin Yi Siew Kuan Vun
University of Reading Kumpulan Sepakat Konsult Perunding Kontrak Ting

Nor Afiza bt Jilani Goh Cheng Siew Tan Boon Kin

Jabatan Pengairan dan Saliran Heriot Watt University Kumpulan Sepakat Konsult

Nor Azlin bt Abdul Rahim Iqbal Hadi b. Mansor Tee Wee Lin
JUB Central Sdn Bhd Advantage QS Sdn Bhd Northcroft Lim Perunding

Nur Syahirah bt Mohd Nasir Jong Hui Joo Wafiatun Najihah bt Muhammad Hassan
Advantage QS Sdn Bhd PEB Consulting QS Sdn Bhd Advantage QS Sdn Bhd

Raja Bukhary b. Raja Taihairan Kim Yin Ying Wan Fadhlina Ilyani Wan Rozali
UM Corporate Services RL Bersepadu Sdn Bhd MMC-Gamuda JV

Rossita bt Kartimon Kong Sook Lee Wong Jing Jyh

Jabatan Pengairan dan Saliran Northcroft Lim Perunding Northcroft Lim Perunding

Shariffah Zatil Hidayah bt Syed Jamaludin Lee Wei Yian Yeoh Siew Ling
UiTM, Sarawak Ukur Bahan Konsult Northcroft Lim Perunding

Siti Atasah bt Johari Li See Chuan Zamri Mat Ail

Ranhill Bersekutu Sdn Bhd Northcroft Lim Perunding KPK QS (Sem.) Sdn Bhd

Siti Khadijah bt Armawai Lim Hock Tek Ahmad Aizuddin b. Azman

Jurukur CEM Sdn Bhd KPK QS (Sem.) Sdn Bhd Perunding DMA

49
LIST OF NEW MEMBERS
May – September 2016

Chong Sook Fun Chock Shen Wai Sr Cheong Chee Hong

NINO (M) Sdn Bhd Chok Kok Hoi Penang Island City Council
Goh Shu Xin
Huzairi b. Zainal Azlan Jong Suk Lee Sr Chong Wai Mun
JKR Joshua Lim Yu Meng Knight Frank
Koeh Xiao Han
Lau Hui Ching Kok Pei Wen Sr Chong Woon Keh
KLT QS Consult Sdn Bhd Leong Pui Yee Knight Frank
Liew Chen Lam
Lim Jo Yee Long Tien Heng, Aaron Sr Fadhilah bt Abdul Wahid
KPK QS (Sem.) Sdn Bhd Low Jin Han One Asia Property Consultants (KL) Sdn Bhd
Mohd Hidayat b. Zam Hasri
Lim Khai Ling Muhamad A’kif b. A’ffan Sr Hasnor Salwa bt Harun
TL Associates Neelamalar A/P Subramaniam Subang Jaya Municipal Council
Ng Zhiong Kam
Mohd Azmir b. Mustafa Nur Hidayah bt Mohamad Rosli Sr Jalis b. Jalaluddin
Lebuhraya Borneo Utara Sdn Bhd Siti Fatimah bt Subki Raine & Horne International Zaki + Partners
Voon Yee Sian
Mohd Norhalis b. Mohd Saat W. Nurfaiza Syuhada bt W. Abdul Rahaman Sr Jane Liaw Pei Chen
Jurukur CEM Andrew Hu Ting Fong Knight Frank
Andrew Lai Chin Wen
Muhammad Ashraf b. Amirullah Brian Wong Shi Hong Sr Johny b. Ronggitom
Perunding DMA Chiaw Jenn Hoong Sandakan Municipal Council
Chieng Leh Jiunn
Musliadi b. Mustala Dillon Sii Hong Yaw Sr Lim Mei Hong
NHY Borneo Sdn Bhd Hiaily Hii bt Hirwan Hii Knight Frank
Hii Neng Ung
Nah Phei Sze Hii Ting Kui Sr Mohd Hafidzul b. Zakaria
DK-QS Sdn Bhd Kon Yi Na PPC international, Penang
Lau Ngie Chuong
Nazrul Fariq b. Mohd Kassim Lee Kar Seng Sr Mohd Hafizal b. Ishak
Arcadis Projeks Sdn Bhd Lee Mee Lian UTHM
Liew Sok Hua
Ng Kar Keat Lim Kuan Leang Sr Muhammad Harilazalan b. Hasan
KPK QS (Sem.) Sdn Bhd Lu Jun Cheng Hulu Selangor District Council
Mary Law Suk See
Ng Yen Fah Nurul Fatin Farhanah bt Mahdar Sr Normala bt Mat Ajid
BK Asia Pacific Pang Qin Er JPPH, Selangor
Ramizah bt Azhari
Nur Aisyah bt Mohd Salleh Raymond Ha Shiaw Chung Sr Rosmaniza bt Ibrahim
Perunding DMA Raymond Lu Yew Tiew Ampang Jaya Municipal Council
Shanna Lee Ting Ting
Shahida Adam Vincent Yeo Dong Han Sr Tan Hooi See
AT Associates Wong Lee Wang Raine & Horne International Zaki + Partners
Yew Ngik Min
Tang Lit Hiang Yong Jun How Sr Wee Zhao Yuan
Jurukur CEM Chun Zheng Shen Knight Frank
Julie Bong
Toh Choon John Sr Ezwan b. Bustamin
Northcroft Lim Perunding Sdn Bhd PROPERTY MANAGEMENT, VALUATION KPKT
AND ESTATE AGENCY SURVEYING
Tommy Yeo See Tung Sr Maysarah bt Mohd Yusuf
Fellow
Golden Arches Restaurants Shah Alam Municipal Council
Sr Sharizal Supian
A Jalil & Co Sdn Bhd
Probationer Sr Mohd Faizuri b. Husain
Phillip Tan Chee Yang Perbadanan Prima Malaysia
Sr Kamarulzaman Mat Salleh
Perunding Kos T& K Sdn Bhd
Kuala Lumpur City Hall
Sr Wong Huey Feng
Chong Sook Fun CB Richard Ellis (PTE) LTD
Member
NINO (M) Sdn Bhd
Sr Abdul Haizul Faisal b. Abdul Hamid
Sr Abdul Samat b. Mohamed Ali
Kajang Municipal Council
Tan Huei Ling City Valuers & Consultants Sdn Bhd
Northcroft Lim Perunding
Sr Abdul Jalil b. Omar
Sr Ahmad Kamal Zainal b. Abidin
UTHM
Tie Ling Lin Kuala Lumpur City Hall
YBK Engineering Sdn Bhd
Sr Chai Woon Yin
Sr Ahmad Khairuddin Abdul Hamid
Knight Frank
Student Selayang Municipal Council
Caroline Chin Mei Ling
Sr Che Azmi b. Hassan
Chen Khai Lui
Hulu Selangor District Council

50
 Vol.51 No.3 2016

Sr Azlin bt Alang Ismail Sr Saharnaka b. Yasmain Sr Mohammad Faizal b. Engah

Kuala Lumpur City Hall Kulai Municipal Council Kemaman Municipal Council

Sr Azmi b. Miswan Sr Siti Nor Zuraida bt Che Rodi Sr Mohamad Shahidan Hashim
Johor Bahru City Council Kuala Lumpur City Hall Ipoh City Council

Sr Ba’izah bt Burhan Sr Syafini Mohi Sr Mohd Azmi Zainuddin Zainal Abidin

Kulai Municipal Council Johor Bahru City Council Perak Tengah District Council

Sr Burhanuddin b. Maamor Sr Yahani Yaacob Sr Mohd Nabil b. Mohd Sulaiman

Ipoh City Council Kuala Lumpur City Hall Sabak Bernam District Council

Sr Che Azhar Che b. Abdullah Sr Zaleha Abdul Rahman Sr Mohd Fadhli b. Sulaiman
Kuala Lumpur City Hall Kuala Lumpur City Hall Hang Tuah Jaya Municipal Council

Sr Emi Rahayu bt Omar Sr Zatul Amri b. Zainal Sr Mohd Khalid Awang

Lembaga Kemajuan Johor Tenggara Johor Bahru Tengah Municipal Council Marang District Council

Sr Khadijah bt Hussin Sr Abdul Aziz Abdullah Sr Mohd Nafis Mokhtar

Kuala Lumpur City Hall Kumpulan Jurunilai Sdn Bhd Seremban Municipal Council

Sr Lim Shao Ling Sr Abdul Manaf b. Abu Bakar Sr Mohd Rais Razali
City Valuers & Consultants Sdn Bhd Ipoh City Council Azmi & Co Sdn Bhd

Sr Mahfuzah Md Muslim Sr Abd Razak b. Mohd Haron Sr Mohd Saiful Dawam

Johor Bahru City Council Seremban Municipal Council Kuala Kangsar Municipal Council

Sr Mariah bt Md Taib Sr Azizah bt Ismail Sr Mohamad Ismail

Hang Tuah Jaya Municipal Council Johor Bahru Tengah Municipal Council Kangar Municipal Council

Sr Marziana bt Mat Jelas Sr Cek Norhisam Jusoh Sr Mohd Yomni Idris

Kuala Lumpur City Hall JB Jurunilai Bersekutu Sdn Bhd Prokel Management Sdn Bhd

Sr Mohamad Rozi b. Ibrahim Sr Dr Hj. Soeb b. Pawi Sr Muhammad Nor Fuad Ishak
Mohd Nor & Partners (Johor) Sdn Bhd Kulai Municipal Council Ipoh City Council

Sr Mohd Azuan b. Ahmad Sr Farah Firdaerma bt Mohamed Nasokan Sr Munirah Rosli

Kuala Lumpur City Hall Selayang Municipal Council Seremban Municipal Council

Sr Mohd Helmi b. Mohd Sany Sr Faridah bt Ayob Sr Nashruddin b. Othman

Kuala Lumpur City Hall Johor Bahru City Council Muar Selatan District Council

Sr Mohd Noh b. Atan Sr Fauziah Ahmad Sr Nor Laili Dagang

Johor Bahru City Council Lembaga Kemajuan Johor Tenggara Kemaman Municipal Council

Sr Mohd Salim b. Saleh Sr Fazlin Mariam Mustafa Sr Noorhazalina Md. Rasali

Kinta Selatan District Council Selayang Municipal Council Hang Tuah Jaya Municipal Council

Sr Mohd Zulqarnain b. Masri Sr Harvey Wong Eng Wen Sr Normaiza Idris

Johor Bahru City Council Tropicana Business Park Kemaman Municipal Council

Sr Muhammad Syahir b. A Hanan Sr Helmi b. Abdullah Sr Norshadida Othman

Johor Bahru City Council Kota Bharu Municipal Council Ipoh City Council

Sr Nor Ezalina bt Noorezan Sr Khairulazmi Abdul Rahman Sr Nor Zuliana Abd Rahman
Kuala Lumpur City Hall Ampang Jaya Municipal Council Seremban Municipal Council

Sr Noor Azizan b. Adam Sr Mazli b. Muhammad Nor Sr Nurhayati Md Salleh

Tampin Municipal Council Ipoh City Council Kulai Municipal Council

Sr Noor Faiz b. Kasmani Sr Mariam Salwana Othman Sr Nur Syazwani Eliza Zahidan
Johor Bahru Tengah Municipal Council Kajang Municipal Council Johor Bahru City Council

Sr Nur Mahirah bt Aziz Sr Marfudzah bt Morsin Sr Nuruz Zawani Mohamad Isa

Kajang Municipal Council Seremban Municipal Council Johor Bahru City Council

Sr Nur Syahida bt Anuar Sr Melissa Felix Lee Sr Rohayah Abdul Kadir

Kuala Lumpur City Hall Rahim & Co International Sdn Bhd Ipoh City Council

Sr Rozali b. Mustafa Sr Mitchell Lo Vui Liat Sr Rosmaliza Osman

Baling District Council JS Valuers Property Consultants Sdn Bhd Selayang Municipal Council

51
LIST OF NEW MEMBERS
May – September 2016

Sr Salena bt Sulaiman Sr Senthil Kumaran A/L Balan Hasril Ashraf b. Md Saad

Ministry of Urban Wellbeing, Housing and Local S.T. Hui & Associates Haziyah bt Che Mohd Adna
Government Mohamad Azwan b. Johari
Sr Siti Fairuz Che Pin Mohamad Haizam b. Mohamed Saraf
Sr Salinda bt Jamil UITM Perak Mohammad Nazrin b. Mohd Yusof
JPPH, Selangor Mohd Syazwan b. Rohim
Sr Siti Nadiah Mohd Ali Muhammad Akasyah b. Basharudin
Sr Sharmila Shafie UITM Perak Muhammad Ashraaf b. Harun
Ipoh City Council Muhammad Faheem b. Azhar
Sr Tan Peen Yeow Muhammad Hezry Safwan b. Ramli
Sr Sharina Hamzah Henry Butcher Malaysia Muhammad Ikhmal Alif b. Roslan
Johor Bahru Tengah Municipal Council Muhammad Sufi b. Ismail
Sr Tan Zi Piu Norhayani bt Hashim
Sr Shukroon Hilmi Mohamad @ Endut DTZ Nawawi Tie Leung Nur Afifah bt Yusof
Kuala Terengganu City Council Nur Aziran bt Che Mohd Noor
Graduate Nur Azlien bt Abdul Wahab
Sr Siti Nooraelin Ahmad Lee Chee Aik Nur Farahanie bt Umat
Ipoh City Council Oriental Realty Nur Shahila bt Ahmad
Nur Syahirah bt Abd Wahab
Sr Siti Amnah Kasim Muhammad Syafiq b. Mohd Nor Nurul Aqilah bt Yusof
Johor Bahru City Council JB Jurunilai Bersekutu (Subang Jaya) Nurul Azmany bt Aliyas
Nurulintanfazliana bt Mohammad Ghazali
Sr Sophia Salleh Gavin Jap Wye Chee Nuruljannah bt Mohd Fuad
Johor Bahru Tengah Municipal Council HASB Consultants (Sarawak) Nurul Nabilah bt Abdul Manaf
Rahmat Farid b. Abdul Rahman
Sr Tan Hui Kien Probationer Shalisah bt Khalid
CH Williams Talhar Dato’ Foo Chu Jong Siti Masliyaton bt Abu Bakar
Prinsiptek Corporation Berhad Siti Nabilah bt Sudin
Sr Zanila Ibrahim Syafiqah Nabiha bt Mohd Jais
Kuala Terengganu City Council Ng Wei Hiong Tahirah bt Zakaria
Property Exchange Wan Ahmad Wafiz b. Wan Ibrahim
Sr Zulhanizah Bakatar Adeelyanna bt Din
Hang Tuah Jaya Municipal Council Yap Shong Waey Mohd Sazali Rasidi
Tenaga Nasional Berhad Mustafa Taib
Sr Abdul Halim Mat Saad Nora bt Yasin
Kumpulan Jurunilai Sdn Bhd Aznini bt Ariff Norazah Saipuldin
IW Properties
Sr Aminuddin Hussien GEOMATIC AND LAND SURVEYING
Selayang Municipal Council Eric Husly Hului Hafveat
Fellow
KLCC Property Holdings Berhad
Sr Mohamad Nor b. Said
Sr Asma Senawi
UTM Skudai
UITM Perak Lee Chee Thian
Oriental Realty
Sr Kamaludin b. Mohd Omar
Sr Cheah Shwu Shyuan
UTM Skudai
Jones Lang Wootton Too Teng Jock
Summerfield Property (M) Sdn Bhd
Assoc Prof Sr Ranjit Singh A/L Dhram Singh
Sr Kamarudin Lope Pihie
IUKL
JPPH, Perak Lee Wai Wah
The Chambers Of Lee
Member
Sr Lisawati Abd Karim
Sr Lim Teck Cheong
Kuala Langat District Council Loh Sy Shyan
Fibon Electric Sdn Bhd
IVPS Real Estate Sdn Bhd
Sr Mohd Rashdi Adam
Sr Fatin Shahirah bt Khairudin
Kuantan Municipal Council S’ng Wai Yeen
JUPEM Pahang
ERM Real Estate Sdn Bhd
Sr Norazlina Yusnita A Rahman
Sr Hasniza bt Harun
UITM Perak Tan Wee Siang
Politeknik Merlimau
Maybank Berhad
Sr Nurul Hanis Ahmad @ Mohamed
Sr Jamil Faisal b. Yusoff
UITM Perak Thing Pui Mun
UTM
Jordan Lee & Jaafar
Sr Nurul Huda Ali
Sr Joni b. Jusoh
UITM Perak Yew Lee Siong
Sato Kogyo Pte Ltd (Singapore)
LSL Services
Sr Nurul Sahida Fauzi
Sr Mohamad Rashid b. Roslan
UITM Perak Student
JUPEM Pahang
Amiratul Sahida bt Aznam
Sr Rohaya Abdullah Ayuni Asma bt Abdul Wahib
Mohd Fakarudin b. Kadir
Hang Tuah Jaya Municipal Council Azizah bt Zainun @ Mohamad
UITM
Farah Diana bt Othman

52

Muazam b. Mustaffa
Suffian Geomatic Services
Nurul Satirah b. Abd Rahman
JUPEM Pahang
Raihana bt Abdul Malek
Politeknik Ungku Omar
Zulkifli b. Abd Halim
JUPEM Pahang
Dr Jaw Siow Wei
UTM Skudai
Muhammad Hakim b. Abu Hassan
Ezam & Associates
Noor Suhaiza bt Sauti
Politeknik Merlimau
Shah Iran b. Misran
JUPEM
Graduate
Victor Seow Phoyen
Mesra Ukur Sdn Bhd
Wan Syakirah bt Wan Deraman
UITM
Muhamad Rosnezam b. Othman
UTM
Muhammad Rafiqi b. Nooruddin
UITM Shah Alam
Muhammad Safwan b. Alias
UITM Shah Alam
Nor Illianna Ayuni bt Shamsudin
JUPEM Perak
Muhammad Fakhrul Aziz Mohd Fakarudin
Juruukur Dr Samad Abu
Shakir Tang Chee Chiang
Syarikat Mahyuddin & Siew Sdn Bhd
Sheikh Mohd Khalis b. Sheikh Abd Jalir
Semarak Ukur Consultant
Student
Afifah bt Abdul Wahab
Afiqah bt Azman
Allysa bt Mat Adnan
Angelia Then Gel Gel
Farah Diyana bt Mahmodi
Lee Jun Jie
Mohamad Asyraf b. Mohd Shakir
Mohamad Taufiq b. Sahir
Mohd Hadif Hadi b. Mohd Ariffin
Muhamad Azamirul b. Bachok
Muhamad Najib b. Jumhat
Muhammad Afiq b. Amirrudin
Muhammad Nadzuan b. Muhammad Nizar
Muhammad Zulhilmi b. Mohd Zulizan
Nadiyatul Putri bt Abd Hakim
Nicky Laila bt Abdullah
Nor Ainn Alfatihah bt Zamzuri
Nor Hazirah bt Zainal Abidin
Nur Adawiyyah Maziyyah Abu Bakar
Nur Afiqah bt Razak
Nur Haafizhah bt Mohd Kamal
Nur Hamizah bt Mohd Idgihat
Nur Murfiqah bt Mokhtar
Nur Zubaidah bt Musa
Nuraliah Haziqqah bt Alaziz
Nurfairunnajiha bt Ridzuan
Nurfatiha bt Abdul Razak
Rabiatul Adawiyah bt Moktar
Shafieq Zikri bt Shamsul Nizam
Shafiqah bt Dzulkarnain
Siti Sri Suriati bt Ramlee
Vanessa Ak Seli
Abdul Wafi b. Hilmin
Aina Syafiqah bt Jufri
Athanasius Anak Sumping
Dzuliyana bt Zakaria
Fatanah bt Othman
Harun b. Bahar
Ikhwan Shah b. Arman Shah
Khairunnajwa bt Khairil Anuar
Miza Syazwina bt Rabdunieh
Mohamad Amirul b. Abd Rani
Mohammad Khairulanam b. Suhimi
Mohamad Affiq b. Azman
Mohd Abbas b. Zakaria
Mohd Azeran b. Abdullah
Mohd Syuib b. Umar
Moses Anak Riji
Muhamad Zulhilmi Ilahi b. Fazal Ilahi
Muhammad Aliff Akram b. Mohd Senari
Muhammad Fa’iz b. Mat Sabri
Muhammad Salihin b. Nekmat
Nazrin b. Jiro
Nik Nur Izzatie bt Abdul Hadi
Nor Fatin bt Ismail
Nur Afifah Zakiah bt Mohamad
Nur Aini bt Mani
Nur Amalina bt Mohd Taha
Nur Atirah bt Termizan
Nur Fatin Syahira bt Ramli
Nur Nazeha bt Ramli
Nur Syairah bt Mohd Zin
Nur Zakirah Rabiha bt Md Rejab
Nuraqeela bt Mohd Arifin
Nurul Aina bt Rosni
Nurul Farrah Dila bt Abd Wahid
Nurul Naimah bt Janberi
Saidatul Ain Syafiqah bt Khairulamiran
Sebastian Anak Mathew
Siti Balqis bt Mohd Tun
Siti Humairah bt Abdul Rahim
Siti Nabilah bt Suhaimi
Siti Nur Rahdiah bt Ibrahim
Siti Zawanah bt Zulkifli
Stephnie Anak Ambrose Umban
Syahir Afiq b. Saharuddin
Syazwani Husna bt Mohd Hijazi
Syed Haziq b. Syed Muhammad
Wasti bt Mohtar
BUILDING SURVEYING
Fellow
Sr Mohd Zahry b. Shaikh Abdul Rahman
Buildsurv Consult (M) Sdn Bhd
Vol.51 No.3 2016
Prof Sr Michael Riley
Liverpool John Moores University
Member
Sr Aslida bt Omar
-
Graduate
Dr Nik Noriman b. Zulkepli
UNIMAP
Nur Fadhilah bt Bahardin
UTM Perak
Nur Hanani bt Mohamad
Glomac Berhad
Nurul Malina bt Jamaludin
Universiti Malaya
Dayang Sufeane bt Shuib
P-Con Building Surveyors Sdn Bhd
Ikhwan b. Lokman
P-Con Building Surveyors Sdn Bhd
Mohamed Syafiq b. Salleh
P-Con Building Surveyors Sdn Bhd
Muhammad Isa b. Kamsani
P-Con Building Surveyors Sdn Bhd
Muhammad Shazlan Shah b. Ramli
P-Con Building Surveyors Sdn Bhd
Nurita bt Saperi
Kuala Lumpur City Hall
Ukkasyah b. Abdul Walad
P-Con Building Surveyors Sdn Bhd
Lilis Shereena bt Safiee
UiTM Shah Alam
Mohd Khairi b. Kurdi
UiTM Perak
Mohd Ridzuwan Firdaus b. Mat Rashid
Kuala Lumpur City Hall
Nor Farah Aida bt Mohamed Zable
Hytech Consultancy
Siti Hamidah bt Husain
-
Probationer
Asraf b. Mohd Zin
Active Hydro Control Sdn Bhd
Dr Wang Hong Kok
Tunku Abdul Rahman University College
Student
Farid Imran b. Tarmizi
Habibi b. Muthazam
Mohamad Amirul Fitri b. Mohmad Johar
Muhammad Amirul b. Mohd Zawawi
Wan Fakhrul Afifi b. Wan Ismail
53
INVITATION FOR
ARTICLE CONTRIBUTION
The Malaysian Surveyor Journal ISSN: 2232-1292 (On-line)

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Manuscripts are subject to review by the Editorial Board and
review journal published quarterly online. The reviewers.
publication aims at bringing together researchers,
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Article submissions should not exceed 10 pages, including all
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for the dissemination of professional knowledge editor@rism.org.my
and practices, original research results, new ideas,
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at http://www.rism.org.my/ContentPages/Journal.aspx
advancements and innovation in the surveying
technology and surveyors’ contribution toward the
property market and building industry. We
welcome original article contribution to The
Malaysian Surveyor.

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