INPLANT TRAINING REPORT

TRAINING

AT

SRI RAMAKRISHNA HOSPITAL

COIMBATORE

SUBMITTED BY

P.NIKHIL (1607034)

DEPARTMENT OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING

SRI RAMAKRISHNA ENGINEERING COLLEGE

[Educational Service: SNR Sons Charitable Trust]

[Autonomous Institution, Accredited by NAAC with ‘A’ Grade]
[Approved by AICTE and Permanently Affiliated to Anna University, Chennai]
[ISO 9001-2008 Certified and all eligible programmes Accredited by NBA]
Vattamalaipalayam, N.G.G.O Colony Post

COIMBATORE
 NOVEMBER 2017

SRI RAMAKRISHNA ENGINEERING COLLEGE

[Educational Service : SNR Sons Charitable Trust]
[Autonomous Institution, Accredited by NAAC with ‘A’ Grade]
[Approved by AICTE and permanently Affiliated to Anna university, Chennai]
[ISO 9001-2008 Certified and all eligible programmes Accredited by NBA]
Vattamalaipalayam, N.G.G.O colony post
COIMBATORE - 641 022
DEPARTMENT OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
Dr . G. Gopu, B.E., M.Tech., Ph.D., Email:gopu.govindasamy@srec.ac.in
Prof & Head Mobile: +91-989442231

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Mr. A.DEEPAK MANIKANDAN (1607007) completed his essential
Non-academic course as per Regulation 2016 at Sri Ramakrishna hospital, Coimbatore from
22.11.2017 TO 24.11.2017. He is eligible to attend the Viva-voce examination.

SIGNATURE

Dr.G.Gopu, MTech.Ph.D.,

Professor and Head ,

Department of Biomedical Engineering,

Sri Ramakrishna Engineering College,

Vattamalaipalayam,

N.G.G.O.Colony (Post),

Coimbatore – 641022
Submitted for Viva-voce Examination to be held on __________

Internal Examiner External Examiner

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I wish to express my unfathomable thanks to Sri. R. Vijayakumhar,

Managing Trustee and Sri. D. Lakshminarayanasamy, Joint Managing
Trustee, SNR Sons Charitable Trust, for their kind patronage in providing all
the facilities I required.

I pay my gratitude to Dr. A. Ebenezer Jeyakumar, Director

(Academics), SNR Sons Charitable Trust for his preserving attitude towards
the all-round development of the students.

I have great pleasure in expressing our heartfelt thanks to our

honourable Principal Dr. N. R. Alamelu for her encouragement which helped
us to do this training successfully.

I would also like to immensely thank Dr.G.Gopu,M.Tech., Ph.D., Professor

and Head of the Department, Department of Biomedical Engineering for
giving me his valuable advice for the completion of this training.

I would like to thank my tutor Mrs.S.Sobha christila,M.EAssistant

Professor(O.G), Department of Biomedical Engineering and our Academic
Coordinator Dr.V.S.MAHENDRAN,MSc,M.Tech,PhD, Associate
Professor, Department of Biomedical Engineering for their valuable guidance
throughout the training.

I would like to thank my trainer Mr.R.Eshwaran, Department of

Biomedical Engineering, at Ramakrishna Hospital, Coimbatore for the
guidance and support all through the training. I would like to express my
thanks to all the teaching and non-teaching faculty members of my
department for their kind support in the completion of the training.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER TITLE PAGE
NO

1 DEPARTMENT OF RADIOLOGY
1.1 X-RAY 1
1.2 COMPUTERIZED TOMOGRAPHY 2
1.3 MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING 4

2 INTENSIVE CARE UNIT

2.1 VENTILATOR 5
2.2 DEFIBRILATOR 6
2.3 PATIENT MONITORING

3 BLOOD BANK
3.1 HEMOCUE 9
3.2 BLOOD COLLECTION MONITOR
9
3.3 CENTRIFUGE
10
3.4 IMMUNO ANALYSER
11
 CHAPTER 1

DEPARTMENT OF RADIOLOGY

1.1 X-RAY

X-rays are a type of electromagnetic radiation, just like visible light. An x-ray
machine sends individual x-ray particles through the body. The images are
recorded on a computer or film. Structures that are dense (such as bone) will block
most of the x-ray particles, and will appear white. Film is sensitive to x-rays in the
same way that it is to light-rays, so X-rays can be used produce images. X-rays that
are sent through an object can produce an image on a piece of film placed on the
opposite side of the object.

1.1.1 MANUFACTURER

Model Name: GE SIMPLEX

Figure 1.1 x-ray machine

Img Src:gehealthcare.in/radiography/x-ray system

 .

1.2 COMPUTERIZED TOMOGRAPHY

CT scan, also called X-ray computed tomography is a diagnostic imaging

test used to create detailed images of internal organs, bones, soft tissues and blood
vessels. The cross sectional images generated during a CT scan can be reformatted
in multiple planes, and can even generate three dimensional image which can be
viewed on a computer monitor, printed on film or transferred to electronic media.
It is the best method for detecting many different cancers since the images allow
your doctor to confirm the presence of a tumor and determine its size and location.
CT is fast, painless, noninvasive and accurate.

Figure 1.2 CT (Siemens Somatom Emotion)

Img Src: health care.siemens.co.in/ct machine

2
1.2.1 SPECIFICATION

MODEL : SOMATOM

POWER : 240 kW (2* 120 kW)

SPATIAL RESOLUTION : 0.24mm

VOLTAGE : 70- 150 kV

1.2.2 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

 Ultra fast ceramic detector

 DURA 422 MV high performance CT X-ray tube
 6/16 Number of slices
 Heat dissipation is less than 7,9 Kw

1.2.3EFFECTS

The radiation used in CT scan can damage body cells, including DNA
molecules, which can lead to cancer. The radiation does received from CT scans
are 100 to 1000 times higher than conventional than x-rays.

2.3 MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI)

Manufacturer: GE Signa Creator with 1.5Tesla

MRI is a machine shown in Figure 2.3 uses a magnetic field and radio waves to
produce detailed images of the brain and the brain stem. It does not us radiation so
it is harmless. It is located in hospitals as well as radiology centers. It may be used
to help diagnose or monitor treatment for a variety of conditions within the chest,
abdomen and pelvis. organs of the chest and abdomen including the heart, liver,
biliary tract, kidneys, spleen, bowel, pancreas, and adrenal glands, blood vessels,
lymph nodes.

WORKING

An electric current through the wire loops is passed and a strong magnetic field is
produced. The other coils in the magnet send and receive radio waves. This makes
the protons to align themselves. Once it is aligned, radio waves are absorbed by the
protons, which stimulate spinning. Energy is released after "exciting" the
molecules, which in turn emits energy signals that are picked up by the coil. This
information is then sent to a computer which processes all the signals and
generates it into an image. The final product is a 3-D image representation of the
area being examined.

CHAPTER 2
 INTENSIVE CARE UNIT

2.1 VENTILATOR

A medical ventilator is a mechanical ventilator, a machine designed to

move breathable air into and out of the lungs, to provide breathing for a patient
who is physically unable to breathe, or breathing insufficiently. When modern
ventilators are computerized machines, patients can be ventilated with a simple,
hand-operated bag valve mask. It is equipped with monitoring and alarm
systems for patient-related parameters(e.g. pressure, volume, and flow) and
ventilator function(e.g. air leakage, power failure, mechanical failure),backup
batteries, oxygen tanks, and remote control. It is used in intensive care medicine,
homecare and emergency medicine and in anesthesia.

Figure:2.1 Ventilator(DRAGER Savina 300)

Img Src:draeger.com/ventilation

2.2 DEFIBRILLATOR
 Defibrillation is a process in which an electronic device sends an electric
shock to the heart to stop an extremel rapid, irregular heartbeat, and restore the
normal heart rhythm.Defibrillation is a common treatment for life threatening
cardiac dysrhythmias, ventricular fibrillation, and pulse less ventricular
tachycardia.

Figure2.3 Defibrillator(Img Src:philips healthcare/defibrillator)

It does this by generating a powerful electrical current about 300 joules of

electrical energy which is passed through the heart .This has the effect of stopping
the uncontrolled trembling and resetting the beating to normal.It delivers a dose of
electric current to the heart(counter shock).

Rather than restart the heart,the device works to reset the natural pacemaker
in our bodies to return the heartb to normal function and rhythm.If the heart has
stopped .a defibrillator will do little to restart it so other techniques such as CPR
are applied. 5

2.3.2 BENEFITS OF DEFIBRILATOR

  It continuously monitor heart rhythms .
 It corrects fast heart rates.
 It restores normal heart rates.
 It provides protection and acts as a lifesaving theraphy.

2.3.3 RISKS

 It is one of the potential risks of an implantable defibrillator.it can occur

around the heart and can raise the risks of other life threatening
conditions.Blood may leak from the heart valves where an ICD is placed.
 Another risk associated with the defibrillatir is infection.infection can occur
at the implantable site.swelling and bruising are other associated potential
risks.
 Medications used during implantation of the defibulator may cause risks of
allergic reactions.
 Risks of damaging the veins can occur .this can happen to veins in which the
leads are placed.

PATIENT MONITORING
MULTI PARAMETER MONITOR:

Continuous monitoring of ECG,SPO2,Temperature,blood

pressure monitoring,

If there is any abnormalities in the patient’s parameter , then the

device gave alarm it lead them to be alerted

CHAPTER 3
 BLOOD BANK
3.1 HEMOCUE
Hemoglobin test and analyser , an important indicator of general
health and also used as a diagnostic tool for anemia

In blood bank , it is used to identify the hemoglobin level of donor

normal hemoglobin level for men 13.5 to 17.5 g/dl and for women it is 17.0 to
15.5 g/dl.

3.2 BLOOD COLLECTION MONITOR

It is used to monitor the collection of blood donation to protect
against over or under bleeding of the patient .It is extensively used to ensure the
anticoagulation and addition of blood when necessary , without blood cells being
damaged during the collection procedure.

3.3 CENTRIFUGE
 Centrifuge is a device that is used for the separation of fluids , gas or
liquid based on density.Seperation is achieved by spinning a vessel containing
material at high speed , centrifugal force pushes heavier materials to outside of
the vessel.It is used to purify cells , sub-cellular organelles , viruses , proteins and
nucleic acids.

Centrifuge 3500 RPM

3.4 IMMUNO ANALYZER

Immuno analyzers are instruments that automatically run tests on
samples from patients to detect any number of biologically active substances.

Test: Cancer,hepatitis,illegal drugs,fertility problems,sodium levels,endocrine

functions and detection of blood clots.

It can detect specific molecules including antibodies-antigen binding and

ligand-receptor interactions.Immuno analyzer have different analysis times,
required tests and reagents,ability to do parallel processing or automatic dilutions
and no of tests that can be run per hour
Vitrous ECIQ-IMMUNOANAYSER