1.

INTRODUCTION

"When the winds of change blow, some people build walls and others build windmills."

-Chinese proverb

The Internet of Things is changing everything.

The Internet of Things (IoT), as this intelligent interconnectivity between the real and the digital world, will rapidly
transform every aspect of how we work and do business. Today almost 90% of all data generated by tablets,
smartphones or connected appliances is never acted upon. IOT aims to use those data to create intelligent tools
and interconnected systems or services that will allow you to optimize and accelerate your business processes.

As the Internet of Things spreads, the implications for business model innovations are huge

EMC and IDC estimate the amount of digital data will reach 44 zettabytes by 2020. Internet of Things (IoT) will
become the vehicle for creating ~44 trillion gigabytes and feeding the Big Data machine, which can be used for
different analytical purposes.

IoT (Internet of Things) can be defined as an advanced automation and analytics system which exploits
networking, sensing, big data, and artificial intelligence technology to deliver complete systems for a product or
service.

2. WHAT IT MEANS TO YOUR BUSINESS:

IoT technology offers automated mechanisms for pulling machine data into data warehouses or Hadoop clusters
and other big data platforms for analysis. Strategically deployed, Analytics can help organizations translate IoT’s
digital data into meaningful insights that can be used to develop new products, offerings, and business models.

According to recent research, revenue generated from IoT products and services will exceed $300 billion in 2020,
and that probably is just the tip of the iceberg.

3. FEATURES:
 Artificial Intelligence

The Internet-of-Things provides us with lots of sensor data. Data get its value as it is converted to actionable,
contextualized information. Usually Real-time sensor data analysis will be performed manually, but Artificial
Intelligence provides us the framework and tools to go beyond trivial real-time decision and automation use
cases for IoT.

 Connectivity
Connectivity enables network accessibility and compatibility. Accessibility is getting on a network while
compatibility provides the common ability to consume and produce data.
 Sensing
Sensing technologies provide us with the means to create experiences that reflect a true awareness of the
physical world and the people in it. They act as defining instruments which transform IoT from a standard
passive network of devices into an active system capable of real-world integration.

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  Expressing
Expressing provides us with a means to create products that interact intelligently with the real world. It allows
us to output into the real world and directly interact with people and the environment.
 Energy
Without energy we can’t bring our creations to life. While implementing IOT, Optimisation of Energy
harvesting, power efficiency should be taken into consideration.
 Safety
As we gain efficiencies, novel experiences, and other benefits from the IoT, one should not forget about safety.
As both the creators and recipients of the IoT, we must design for safety. Securing the endpoints, the
networks, and the data moving across all of it means creating a security paradigm that will scale.

4. IOT – HOW IT WORKS

 Sensor Connectivity and Network:

The sensor layer is made up of sensors and smart devices, real-time information to be collected and
processed. This is where we need our wireless sensor network formation to be made such that this
sensor information is connected and can be delivered to a targeted location for further processing.
Sensors are grouped according to their purpose and data types such as environmental sensors, military
sensors, body sensors, home sensors, surveillance sensors, and other things.
 IOT Gateways:
The sensor devices can be connected to the network using Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, or another technology, but
must be able to send messages to a broker using some well-defined protocol. IoT sensors are
aggregated with various types of protocols and heterogeneous networks using different technologies .
One of the most popular and widely used protocols is Message Queue Telemetry Transport (MQTT).
Mosquitto is a popular open-source MQTT broker.
 Cloud/server infrastructure
Many organizations are moving toward the Platform as a Service (PaaS) model instead of keeping their
own storage infrastructure, which would require continuous expansion to handle the load of big data.
PaaS is a cloud-based, managed solution that provides scalability, flexibility, compliance, and a
sophisticated architecture to store valuable IoT data.

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 Cloud storage options include private, public, and hybrid models.
 Data Analytics layer:
Once the data is received, the next consideration is the technology platform to store the IoT data.
Data Analytic platform for IoT data must be able to:
 Manipulate and filter data in an interactive way
 Empower users so they can author, customize, and share their own visualizations
 Quickly Identify anomalies and outliers
 Create a variety of visualizations depending on the data

Many companies use Hadoop and Hive to store big data. But for IoT data, NoSQL document databases
like Apache CouchDB are more suitable because they offer high throughput and very low latency. These
types of databases are schema-less, which supports the flexibility to add new event types easily. Other
popular IoT tools are Apache Kafka for intermediate message brokering and Apache Storm for real-time
stream processing.

 Application Layer:
As a result of IOT Data analytics, it can be used in various real time solutions that includes,
Intelligent transport solutions speed up traffic flows, reduce fuel consumption, prioritize vehicle repair
schedules and save lives.
Smart electric grids more efficiently connect renewable resources, improve system reliability and charge
customers based on smaller usage increments.
Machine monitoring sensors diagnose – and predict – pending maintenance issues, near-term part stock
outs, and even prioritize maintenance crew schedules for repair equipment and regional needs.
Data-driven systems are being built into the infrastructure of "smart cities," making it easier for
municipalities to run waste management, law enforcement and other programs more efficiently

5. IOT DATA ANALYTICS- A GLIMPSE

All the big data generated from different IoT devices are impractical, If it is not analysed and translated into a
language that is easy to understand, process and present on visual language. For this reason, Data Visualization is
becoming an integral part of IoT.

Analytics on IOT data can be generally broken down into one of four types:

 Prescriptive – These analytics recommends one or more possible courses of action by applying machine
learning and computational procedures on IoT data.
 Predictive – These analytics provides estimates about the likelihood of a future outcome by applying
statistical models and forecasts techniques on IoT data
 Diagnostic- These analytics can convert diagnostics logs/IoT data to CSV files for examination and after-
the-fact analysis.
 Descriptive – These analytics use data aggregation and data mining on IoT data and provides historical
insights

 IOT AND PREDICTIVE ANALYSIS

Predictive Analytics: One such platform is lumen’s predictive analytics. Data scientists will devise the software to
stream data into Predictive analytics platform model. With the help of machine learning algorithms, classification
model can be built, which will classify the streaming data into powerapps, reports or visualisation for direct
consumption.

 IOT AND PRESCRIPTIVE ANALYTICS

Most of the value is generated by acting, not simply analysing. Prescriptive analytics fills this critical gap for IoT
Analytics. The predictions that flow from predictive analytics are transformed into a set of recommended actions
that will generate business value. The actions could be a wide variety of scenarios. For example, N Analysis of
sensor data might tell a pilot, “Shut down this engine now,” or “Have this engine serviced as soon as you land.”

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  IOT AND DIAGNOSTIC ANALYSIS

Diagnostic analytics are based on a statistical model and examine key variables and relationships among data. In
the IoT, diagnostic models are particularly valuable for determining whether alerts are valid or not. As many makers
and users of medical devices have learned, false or excessive alerts can quickly lead to “alert fatigue” for those
designated to pay attention to them. IoT devices will generate millions if not billions of alerts, and they need to be
qualified.

 IOT AND DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS

The most commonly used type of analytics on IoT data is descriptive analytics, and the most common way of
depicting these analytics is visually. Bar and especially line charts, for example, are common ways of displaying
IoT data. But these visualizations needs lots of manual intervention to convert it into understandable format. more
valuable form of descriptive analytics for IoT data are alerts. They require that someone has previously noted, for
example, if the value of a variable goes above or below a certain level, presumably indicating a problem. Even if
alerts require some thought in the setup process, they allow rapid action after the alert has been received

6. IOT AND HEALTHCARE:

The Philips Health Suite Digital platform, for instance, is supported by Salesforce.com, and is an open, cloud-
based platform which collects, compiles and analyses clinical and other data from multiple devices and sources.
“The direct benefit to the Indian healthcare system could be by connecting all the primary, secondary and tertiary
healthcare centres with the data relating to patients hosted on the cloud. This will help reduce the upfront
investment and the operational cost, and also will provide a gateway to leverage telemedicine,” said Prasad.

For consumers, Philips has its FlexCare Platinum Connected solution that has built-in sensors on the brush head
that send the brushing data to the Sonicare app via Bluetooth wireless technology, “providing you personalized
coaching with real-time guidance and feedback for the most complete clean possible”. The app monitors a user’s
brushing habits and helps the user correct behaviours such as brushing too hard, scrubbing, identify the missed
brushing spots, etc. The app lets you define the goals for your oral health. Then after each brushing session, it
reminds the user to take appropriate action such as using mouthwash or using the tongue cleaner, etc.

7. IOT ADVANTAGES:
The advantages of IoT span across every area of lifestyle and business. Here is a list of some of the advantages
that IoT has to offer −

 Improved Customer Engagement − Current analytics suffer from blind-spots and significant flaws in
accuracy; and as noted, engagement remains passive. IoT completely transforms this to achieve richer
and more effective engagement with audiences.
 Technology Optimization − The same technologies and data which improve the customer experience
also improve device use, and aid in more potent improvements to technology. IoT unlocks a world of
critical functional and field data.
 Reduced Waste − IoT makes areas of improvement clear. Current analytics give us superficial insight,
but IoT provides real-world information leading to more effective management of resources.
 Enhanced Data Collection − Modern data collection suffers from its limitations and its design for passive
use. IoT breaks it out of those spaces, and places it exactly where humans really want to go to analyze
our world. It allows an accurate picture of everything.

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  Money: Optimum utilization of energy and resources can be achieved by adopting this technology and
keeping the devices under surveillance. We can be alerted in case of possible bottlenecks, breakdowns,
and damages to the system. Hence, we can save money by using this technology.

8. CHALLENGES
 Data Storage
When we talk about IoT, one of the first things that comes to mind is a huge, continuous stream of data
hitting companies’ data storage. Data centers must be equipped to handle this additional load of
heterogeneous data.

 Loss of privacy and security

As all the household appliances, industrial machinery, public sector services like water supply and
transport, and many other devices all are connected to the Internet, a lot of information is available on it.
This information is prone to attack by hackers. It would be very disastrous if private and confidential
information is accessed by unauthorized intruders.

 Compatibility
As devices from different manufacturers will be interconnected, the issue of compatibility in tagging and
monitoring crops up. Although this disadvantage may drop off if all the manufacturers agree to a common
standard, even after that, technical issues will persist. Today, we have Bluetooth-enabled devices and
compatibility problems exist even in this technology! Compatibility issues may result in people buying
appliances from a certain manufacturer, leading to its monopoly in the market.

 Complexity
The IoT is a diverse and complex network. Any failure or bugs in the software or hardware will have
serious consequences. Even power failure can cause a lot of inconvenience.

9. FUTURE:

 In total, we project there will be 34 billion devices connected to the internet by 2020, up from 10 billion in
2015. IoT devices will account for 24 billion, while traditional computing devices (e.g. smartphones,
tablets, smartwatches, etc.) will comprise 10 billion.
 Nearly $6 trillion will be spent on IoT solutions over the next five years.
 Today’s enterprises will need to rethink their entire strategy, as the Internet of Things opens a wide new
array of dynamic opportunities
 When we’re able to capture more information on the machines and the people, we’ll move from anomaly
detection to correction. Providing better operational data to the cloud will help us improve operational
optimization.
 Remaking everything - healthcare, cars, cities, homes, industry

References:

 https://in.mathworks.com/solutions/internet-of-things/analyzing-iot-sensor-data-and-building-predictive-
algorithms.html
 http://searchbusinessanalytics.techtarget.com/essentialguide/IoT-analytics-guide-Understanding-Internet-
of-Things-data
 https://iot-analytics.com/iot-2016-in-review-10-most-relevant-developments/
 https://www.tutorialspoint.com/internet_of_things/index.htm
 http://data-informed.com/the-impact-of-internet-of-things-on-big-data/

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  http://searchbusinessanalytics.techtarget.com/essentialguide/IoT-analytics-guide-Understanding-Internet-
of-Things-data
 http://data-informed.com/how-the-internet-of-things-changes-big-data-analytics/
 https://www.bbvaopenmind.com/en/iot-implementation-and-challenges/
 http://www.zdnet.com/article/ten-examples-of-iot-and-big-data-working-well-together/

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