DOCK AND HARBOUR

ENGINEERING


By
Hasmukh P. Oza, Gautam H. Oza

Edition : 7th Revised and Enlarged Edition : 2013

ISBN : 978-93-80358-78-9
Size : 170 mm x 240 mm
Binding : Paperback with Four Color Jacket Cover
Pages : 384 + 24
` 200.00

About the book CONTENT

This book is an outcome of extensive experience in design office and of construction. Both 1 SEA AND TIDES
the authors have been actively associated with academics as well. 2 HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEYS AND CHARTS
The book deals with all the normal port aspects in a holistic way. Topics, such as “Ship 3 WINDS, WAVES AND CYCLONES
Features”, “Traffic Forecasting and Hinterland”, “Cargo Handling Equipment”, “Construction 4 SILTATION AND EROSION
5 INVESTIGATIONS AND MODEL TESTS
Materials” etc. are essential back-ground knowledge for any dock and harbour engineer.
6 SHIP FEATURES RELATED TO PORT PLANNING
These too have been covered.
7 TRAFFIC FORECASTING AND HINTERLAND
For easy reading, the book is divided into self-contained chapters dealing with each topic. 8 HARBOUR LAYOUT
It contains useful tables of data and is profusely illustrated with diagrams and photographs 9 CHANNEL, BASIN AND BERTHS
to assist the reader. Fundamental concepts are lucidly presented and derived and empirical 10 BREAKWATERS
formulae given with clarity of underlying assumptions. 11 WHARVES
12 JETTIES, DOLPHINS AND MOORINGS
Two case histories have been added in this Revised Edition. One is design of a waterfront 13 BERTHS FOR CRUDE OIL AND PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
structure, a Berth or a Wharf. It gives the exact procedure that was followed while designing 14 RO-RO FERRY SERVICE
a waterfront structure viz. a berth, in a professional practice. The aim in presenting this 15 LOCKS
“case” is to acquaint the readers to almost all the aspects of a berth, with emphasis on the 16 SHORE PROTECTION WORKS
design. Almost all the design calculations along with the stress/force diagrams are included. 17 DRY DOCKS AND SLIPWAYS
The second “case” is of another waterfront structure, a Sea Water Intake Station. The salient 18 CARGO HANDLING EQUIPMENT
information for determining the guiding dimensional parameters of such a sea water intake 19 APRONS, TRANSIT SHEDS AND WAREHOUSES
station is given. These are meant for the students with inquisitive minds and the practicing 20 SUPPORTING FACILITIES AND ANCILLARIES
engineers seeking guidance when faced with not so usual problems. 21 NAVIGATIONAL AIDS
22 DREDGING AND DREDGERS
Other cogent information has been included in the form of Appendices. Some of these are: 23 CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS AND METHODS
“Ships for LPG – LNG and Other Bulk Liquids”, “Properties of Liquids and Liquefied Gases”, 24 DESIGN OF A BERTH (WHARF) – A CASE STUDY
“Details of Selected Ships”, “Coastal Regulation Zone” and “Port Charges”. These should be 25 SEA WATER INTAKE STATION – A CASE STUDY
useful to the students as well as to the practicing engineers. APPENDIX I SHIPS FOR LPG - LNG AND OTHER BULK
LIQUIDS
The book comprehensively covers the subject for degree courses in engineering of all
APPENDIX II PROPERTIES OF LIQUIDS AND LIQUEFIED
the Indian Universities, Diploma Examinations conducted by various Boards of Technical
GASES
Education, Certificate Courses as well as for the A.M.I.E., U.P.S.C., G.A.T.E., I.E.S. and APPENDIX III EXPLOSIVES AND HAZARDOUS CARGOES
other similar competitive and professional examinations. Written in a simple language, APPENDIX IV DETAILS OF SELECTED SHIPS
with illustrative references, it will be useful to students to grasp the subject and practising APPENDIX V COASTAL REGULATION ZONE (CRZ)
engineers in designing. APPENDIX VI GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR BERTHS
AS PER IS:4651
APPENDIX VII PORT CHARGES
APPENDIX VIII ANGLES OF INTERNAL FRICTION, UNIT
WEIGHTS AND LIQUIDITY FACTORS OF
SOME MATERIALS
APPENDIX IX METRIC CONVERSIONS
APPENDIX X BRITISH AND METRIC EQUIVALENTS
APPENDIX XI SI UNITS
APPENDIX XII SOME RELEVANT INDIAN
STANDARDS
REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Checklist
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 DOCK AND HARBOUR ENGINEERING
Detailed Contents
Chapter 1 SEA AND TIDES Chapter 7 TRAFFIC FORECASTING AND HINTERLAND
1-1 Tides 7-1 Hinterland
1-2 Tidal Levels and Changes in Sounding Datum 7-2 Traffic
Changes on Coast 7-3 Traffic Through GMB Ports
Changes in an Estuary or River 7-4 Growth Rates and Five Year Plans
1-3 Tidal Theories 7-5 Likely Trends
1-4 Tide Tables 7-6 Traffic Forecasting
1-5 Bores 7-7 Methods of Forecasting
1-6 Tidal Streams Qualitative Methods
Exercise 1 Quantitative Methods
7-8 Trend Analysis
Chapter 2 HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEYS AND CHARTS
7-9 Traffic Forecasting by Curve Fitting and
2-1 Triangulation
Method of Least Squares
2-2 Sounding Lines
Fitting a Straight Line (The Least Square Line)
2-3 Sextant, Station Pointer and Hi-Fix
Fitting a Parabola (The Least Square Parabola)
2-4 Instruments for Sounding
Exercise 7
2-5 Remote Sensing
2-6 Current Observations Chapter 8 HARBOUR LAYOUT
2-7 Charts 8-1 Harbour Types
Exercise 2
8-2 Port Terms
Chapter 3 WINDS, WAVES AND CYCLONES 8-3 Site Selection
3-1 Winds 8-4 Features of a Harbour
3-2 Waves Harbour Entrance
3-3 Significant Wave
Approach Channel
3-4 Energy of Waves
Turning Basin
3-5 Water Pressure
3-6 Cyclones Sheltered Basin
Exercise 3 Breakwaters
Wharves and Quays
Chapter 4 SILTATION AND EROSION
Jetties and Piers
4-1 Due to Wind
4-2 Due to Waves Lock and Locked Basin
4-3 Due to Tides Dry Docks and Slipways
4-4 Littoral Drift Ancillaries
4-5 Erosion 8-5 Harbour Planning
Exercise 4 8-6 Layout
Chapter 5 INVESTIGATIONS AND MODEL TESTS Exercise 8
5-1 Surveys
Chapter 9 CHANNEL, BASIN AND BERTHS
5-2 Meteorological Data 9-1 Channel
5-3 Oceanographic Data Approach Channel
5-4 Geological Data Channel Alignment
5-5 Soil Investigation Curves
5-6 Seismic Data Stopping Distance
5-7 Model Testing 9-2 Ship Motions
5-8 Local Resources 9-3 Harbour Entrance
Exercise 5 Channel Depth
Illustration
Chapter 6 SHIP FEATURES RELATED TO PORT PLANNING Channel Width
6-1 Trends in Shipping Manoeuvring Lane
6-2 Ship Types Bank Clearance Lane
6-3 Hovercraft Width of Ship Clearance
6-4 Hydrofoil Boat 9-4 Harbour Entrance Width
6-5 Multi-Hull Ship 9-5 Harbour Basin
6-6 Other Ships Depth of Basin
6-7 Barges for Lighterage Working Berthing Length and Width
6-8 World Shipping Passage and Manoeuvring Area
6-9 Shipping Terminology 9-6 Turning Basin
6-10 Ship Terms 9-7 Anchorage and Off Shore Moorings
6-11 Tonnage Relations 9-8 Berths
6-12 Design Ship Exercise 9
6-13 Ship Dimensions
6-14 Ship’s Gear Chapter 10 BREAKWATERS
6-15 Special Features 10-1 Vertical Wall Breakwaters
6-16 Ship Costs 10-2 Design of Vertical Wall Breakwater
Exercise 6 10-3 Rubble Mound Breakwater

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 DOCK AND HARBOUR ENGINEERING
Detailed Contents
10-4 Breakwater Pierheads 14-5 Future Alternative
10-5 Breakwater Height 14-6 Costs Involved
10-6 Breakwater Failures 14-7 Facilities at Mumbai (Bombay)
10-7 Floating Breakwater 14-8 Evaluation of RO-RO Ferry Service
Exercise 10 Exercise 14
Chapter 11 WHARVES Chapter 15 LOCKS
11-1 Gravity Walls 15-1 Gates
Dimensions of Wall 15-2 Passages
11-2 Slip Circles 15-3 Ebb Gates
11-3 Cross-Section of Wall Exercise 15
11-4 Masonry or Mass Concrete Wall Chapter 16 SHORE PROTECTION WORKS
11-5 Wall on Wells 16-1 Seawalls, Bulkheads and Revetments
11-6 Wall of Precast Blocks 16-2 Protective Beaches or Spending Beaches
16-3 Sand Dunes
11-7 Considerations in Designing Wharf on Wells
16-4 Groynes
11-8 Sheet Pile Walls Permeable Groynes
Driving of Sheet Piles High and Low Groynes
Illustrative Types Adjustable Groynes
Exercise 11 16-5 Off Shore Breakwaters
Exercise 16
Chapter 12 JETTIES, DOLPHINS AND MOORINGS
12-1 Piles Chapter 17 DRY DOCKS AND SLIPWAYS
Timber Piles 17-1 Repair Arrangements
Steel Piles 17-2 Dry Dock
Precast R.C.C. Piles 17-3 Floating Dry Dock
Pile Shoes 17-4 Slipway and Marine Railway
Single Pile and a Group of Piles Usefulness of the Slipway
Load Capacity of a Pile 17-5 Shiplift
Raker Piles, Bracings and the Deck 17-6 Syncrolift
Exercise 17
12-2 Berthing of Ships
12-3 Fenders Chapter 18 CARGO HANDLING EQUIPMENT
Fender Types 18-1 Main Types
12-4 Docking and Mooring Forces 18-2 General Cargo Equipment
12-5 Stresses due to Waves Quay Crane
12-6 Jetty Alignment To Clarify the Terminology
12-7 Dolphins Mobile Crane
12-8 Pierheads Forklift Truck
12-9 Moorings Other Machines
12-10 Floating Moorings 18-3 Bulk Cargo Equipment
Buoy Loading Equipment
Cables Discharging Equipment
Anchors 18-4 Container Equipment
12-11 Pontoon – Wharves and Piers 18-5 RO-RO Link Span
Exercise 12 Exercise 18

Chapter 13 BERTHS FOR CRUDE OIL AND PETROLEUM Chapter 19 APRONS, TRANSIT SHEDS AND WAREHOUSES
PRODUCTS 19-1 Aprons
19-2 Transit Sheds
13-1 Liquid Cargo Terminals – Oil Terminals
19-3 Warehouses
13-2 Berth With Breasting and Mooring Dolphins
Exercise 19
13-3 Single Buoy Mooring (SBM)
Catenary Anchor Leg Mooring (CALM) Chapter 20 SUPPORTING FACILITIES AND ANCILLARIES
Single Anchor Leg Mooring (SALM) 20-1 Supporting Facilities
13-4 A Single Buoy Mooring (SBM) Railways
13-5 Other System – Platform Mooring Roads
Exercise 13 Air-Communication
Chapter 14 RO-RO FERRY SERVICE Telecommunication
14-1 Roll-On-Roll-Off Concept Fresh Water Supply
14-2 Truck Traffic Power Supply
14-3 Other Factors Affecting RO-RO Ferry Service 20-2 Ancillaries
Voyage Scheduling Fire Protective Measures
Contract Booking Harbour Crafts
Collection of Octroi Duty Internal Roads, Rail Tracks and Pavements
Insurance Port Office, Rest Rooms, Canteen
Applicable Acts Housing and Others
14-4 Requirements at Ports Exercise 20

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 DOCK AND HARBOUR ENGINEERING
Detailed Contents
Chapter 21 NAVIGATIONAL AIDS AI-2 LNG Ships
21-1 Classification and General Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)
General Lights
Ships
Local Lights
21-2 Lighthouses Boil-Off from Tanks and its Disposal
21-3 Lightships AI-3 LPG and LNG Loading/Unloading System
21-4 Buoys AI-4 Other Liquid Chemical Cargoes
21-5 Buoyage Systems
Liquid Ammonia
Starboard Hand Buoys
Port Hand Buoys Phosphoric Acid
Middle Ground Buoys Elemental Phosphorous
Mid-Channel Buoys Molten Sulphur
Isolated Danger Buoys
Miscellaneous Buoys AI-5 Other Liquids
21-6 Fixed Lights Vegetable Oils
21-7 Leading Lights Molasses
Exercise 21 AI-6 Special Liquids Tankers
Chapter 22 DREDGING AND DREDGERS AI-7 Transportation Costs
22-1 General
22-2 Bucket-Ladder Dredger Appendix II PROPERTIES OF LIQUIDS AND LIQUEFIED
22-3 Grab Dredger GASES
22-4 Dipper Dredger Appendix III EXPLOSIVES AND HAZARDOUS CARGOES
22-5 Hydraulic Dredger
22-6 Rock-Breaker Appendix IV DETAILS OF SELECTED SHIPS
22-7 Hopper Barge Appendix V COASTAL REGULATION ZONE (CRZ)
22-8 Pipe Line
AV-1 Conservation of Coastal Zones
Exercise 22
AV-2 Coastal Regulation Zones – Guidelines
Chapter 23 CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS AND METHODS Prohibited Activities
23-1 Materials Regulation of Permissible Activities
Timber AV-3 Coastal Area Classification and Development Regulations
Bricks and Stones Category-I (CRZ-I)
Category-II (CRZ-II)
Structural Steel
Category-III (CRZ-III)
Concrete
Category-IV (CRZ-IV)
23-2 Methods AV-4 Norms for Regulation of Activities
Exercise 23 CRZ-I
Chapter 24 DESIGN OF A BERTH (WHARF) – A CASE STUDY CRZ-II
24-1 Introduction CRZ-III
24-2 Berth – Wharf CRZ-IV
24-3 Design Appendix VI GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR BERTHS AS
Design Criteria
PER IS:4651
Earth Pressure Coefficients
AVI-1 Location and Form
Retaining Wall From +7.0 to +3.0 M
Twin-Well – Retaining Wall +3.0 M to –14.5 M AVI-2 Required Features
Tieback Slab and Tieback Wall or Deadman AVI-3 General Cargo Berths
Gap Closing Between Two Wells AVI-4 Tanker Berths
Other Features AVI-5 Explosive Berths
The Ramp AVI-6 Fire Protection
24-4 Miscellaneous Details Appendix VII PORT CHARGES
Chapter 25 SEA WATER INTAKE STATION – A CASE STUDY AVII-1 Fees Levied on Ships and Vessels
25-1 Introduction AVII-2 Pilotage Charges
25-2 Study of Tide Tables AVII-3 Berth Hire
25-3 Average Pumping Hours Per Day AVII-4 Fees on Cargo Landed or Shipped
25-4 Number of Pumps and Header Size
Appendix VIII ANGLES OF INTERNAL FRICTION, UNIT
25-5 Design Parameters for Structure
25-6 Salient Information WEIGHTS AND LIQUIDITY FACTOR OF
25-7 Structure and System SOME MATERIALS
RCC Intake Station – Appendix IX METRIC CONVERSIONS
Covered Platform for Installing the Pumps
Piled Approach Trestle Appendix X BRITISH AND METRIC EQUIVALENTS
25-8 Figures and Photographs Appendix XI SI UNITS
Appendix I SHIPS FOR LPG – LNG AND OTHER BULK LIQUIDS Appendix XII SOME RELEVANT INDIAN STANDARDS
AI-1 LPG Ships
Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG) REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING
Pressurised Ships ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Semi-Pressurised cum Semi-Refrigerated Ships
Refrigerated Ship – Cargo at Atmospheric Pressures INDEX

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