Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
1.5125940408
0.9654905701
0.7433183165 0.8180317161
0.6510014475 0.7433183165
0.3908501155
0.1311485096
0.0413788979
-0.3166088848
0.042
0
-0.385
-0.3850507941
-0.6480372743
-1.3886531499
Z
Y
X
Perspective
Checks
+Z
5.4
3.515625
2.75086349
0
0.6
0.0
0.4
1.74
0.00
1.50
+X 12.0
-Y
1.05650597
Turan Babacan
Introduction
Machine Data
Mass Type : Reciprocating
Soil Data F(t) : Fo sin(ωt)
Design
80.0
X
Y
Z
Perspective
Machine Weight
Checks Wm : 80.0
Wf / W m > 5
σs / σf > 1.5
Zs / Z m > 1 Machine C.G. L WmX : 0.00
H > (A;B)min / 5 WmY : 0.00
H > (A;B)max / 10 WmZ : 0.00
x'% < 5
y'% < 5
20 > fn > 31.25
Tw / Rw > 1
• Frequency Independent Reciprocating Machine Animation Work
• Fo : Constant
m • em = 0.00
80.0
15
0.0
0.0
15
30.0
30.0
0.0
Vertical
Frequencies
Vertical z-z
fn : 11.99 cps 2
fm : 6.78 cps
-Y
fm / f n : 0.57
Rocking x-x
Controlled displacement δc :
Coupling x-x
0.12
0.1
Sliding y-y
0.08
Amplitude, (mm)
0.06
Rocking y-y
1; 0.0545283328
0.04
0.03302
Coupling y-y
0.02
0 0 0.00025
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 400
Yawing z-z Frequency, (cpm)
Vertical
+Z
Yawing
+X
Deflections
0.0545283328 mm
0.0545283328 mm
Material
f 'c : 25.00 MPa • Compressive strength of concrete
γc : 24.00 kN/m 3
• Density of soil
fy : 360.00 MPa • Yield strength of reinforcement
Geometric data
1.50
3.00
Wf : 432.0 kN • Wf = X Y H γ c
mf : 43.2 kNs2/m • mf = Wf / g
Af : 12.0 m2 • Af = X Y
σf : 42.7 kN/m2 • σf = (Wm+Wf) / Af
trength of concrete
of reinforcement
Soil Data
G: 30000 kN/m2 • Soil Shear Modulus
v: 0.35 • Poisson’s Ratio
γs : 18.00 kN/m3 • Density of soil
σs: 150.0 kN/m2 • Bearing capacity of soil
z= 0.50
ex : 0.0 m
ey : 0.0 m
ez : 0.5 m
Pz, Mz
Force Point
ez
Fondation
Gravity
Center
Pexc Mexc
Σ
kN kNm
x 15 30.0
y 0 0.0
z 0 0.0
P
15.0
kN
M
0.0
kNm
Reinforcement Detailing
Cover : 5 cm
A
12Ф16/25
16Ф16/25
16Ф16/25
4 36Ф16/25
B
48Ф16/25
12Ф16/25
36Ф16/25
1.5
C
3
Cvol : 18.00 m3
Rw : 540.00 kg
spacing numbers
cm. #
A: 25 12
B: 25 16
C: 25 36
D: 25 48
1.5
D
4
48Ф16/25
nh : 3 • nh = h/40
• Concrete Volume
• Reinforcement required
Minimum distance between reinforcing bars shall not be less than 1 time the maximum diameter of bar o
Minimum sliding safety factor shall be 1.50, assuming the coefficient of friction given in the soil report. W
the exception of those cases in which the horizontal force depends on the weight of soil (e.g.: retaining
walls), such weight shall not be considered if it increases stability.
Minimum overturning safety factor shall be 1.50 during erection and 1.8 in operation. Soil contribution sh
be considered as per 6.2.
100% of foundation base area shall be in compression during operation. During erection such percentage
may be reduced to 85%.
2 FOUNDATIONS AND STRUCTURES FOR VIBRATING MACHINERY
2.1 Scope
The following mandatory requirements shall govern the design and testing of supporting structures and
foundations for heavy machinery.
2.2 Definitions
Heavy machinery is any equipment having reciprocating or rotary masses as the major moving parts (su
reciprocating or rotary compressors, horizontal pumps, engines and turbines) and having a gross plan ar
more than 2.5 m² or a total weight greater than 25 KN.
2.3 Design criteria for all heavy machinery
Dynamic modules of elasticity (E') in MPa for use in the dynamic analysis shall be as indicated in DIN 104
Modulus of elasticity (E) or shear modulus (G) of soil to be used in dynamic shall be as indicated in the s
report.
Soil bearing pressure shall not exceed 50% of the net allowable values for static loads.
Shrinkage and thermal expansion effects shall be taken into account. In order to prevent Cracking, minim
concrete reinforcing shall be 50 kg/m cubic meter. All reinforcement shall be triaxially arranged.
The Following rules shall be considered in foundation design:
• Foundation design shall consist of clean simple lines;
• Pockets where vapors could accumulate shall not be permitted;
• beams and columns shape should be uniform and rectangular;
• Slender elements shall not be used.
All parts of machine supports shall be independent from the adjacent foundations and buildings. Concret
floor slabs, adjacent to machine foundations, shall be spaced a minimum of 10 mm from the foundations
The space between slab and foundation shall be filled with a flexible joint filler and sealer.
The thickness of the foundation slab, in meters, shall not be less than:
Thk = 0.6 + L / 30
Where:
For one machinery train:
L = longest dimension of the foundation slab (m);
For two or more machinery trains supported by a common foundation:
L = the greater of:
width of the common slab;
Maximum slab segment length assigned to any train.
In any case minimum thickness of foundation slab shall not be less than 1/10 of its maximum dimension
The height of supports above grade shall be the minimum required to accommodate suction and dischar
piping configuration.
2.4 Design criteria for reciprocating machinery
Design foundation for reciprocating machinery shall be carried out in accordance with the following crite
a. Total foundation weight shall be at least 5 times the total machinery weight.
b. Horizontal eccentricity in any direction between the centroid of mass of the machine-foundation syste
and the centroid of the base contact area shall not exceed 5% of the respective base dimension.
c. The center of gravity of the machine-foundation system should be as close as possible to the lines of
action of the unbalanced forces.
d. Compressor foundations shall include integral supports for the pulsation bottles.
e. Groups of reciprocating machinery could be tied together with a common foundation slab when allowe
by their location and service.
Dynamic design shall be as follows :
a. Natural frequencies in the modes being excited shall preferably be out of the range of 0.7 to 1.3 times
the disturbing frequencies of any machine on the foundation. If it is not possible fulfill this prescription,
frequency within the above mentioned range can be accepted if the maximum amplitudes shall within
the limits listed in the following point e;
b. Damping shall not be higher than 5%;
c. Primary forces, couples and moments shall be applied at machine speed to calculate primary
amplitudes.
d. Secondary forces, couples and moments shall be applied at twice the machine speed to calculate
secondary amplitudes.
e. Total amplitude shall be calculated by combining, in phase, primary and secondary amplitudes. Total
peak-to-peak amplitude on the foundation shall exceed 0.05 mm.
ALLOWABLE AMPLITUDES
ROTOR SPEED (RPM) PEAK TO PEAK AMPLITUDE (MM)
0-999 0.023
1000-1149 0.020
1150-1299 0.018
1300-1499 0.015
1500 and above 0.013
2.6 Design criteria of light vibrating machinery
Following mandatory requirements shall govern the design of supporting structures and foundations for l
vibrating machinery.
Light vibrating machinery is any equipment having reciprocating or rotary masses as the major moving p
(such as reciprocating or rotary compressors, horizontal pumps etc.) and having both a gross plan area le
than 2.5 m² and a total weight less than 25 KN.
For light vibrating machinery dynamic design shall be neglected. Static design of foundations shall be
performed according to clause 7.4 of this specification, but weight of foundation must be at least 3 times
total rotary machines weight or 5 times the total reciprocating machines weight.
Minimum concrete class shall be f´c= 21 N/mm².
3 LOADING OF MACHINE FOUNDATIONS
3.1 Static loads
3.1.1 Dead loads
3.1.2 Live loads
3.1.3 Wind loads
3.1.4 Seismic loads
3.1.5 Static operating loads
3.1.6 Special loads for elevated-type foundations
3.1.7 Erection and maintenance loads
3.1.8 Thermal loads
3.2 Rotating machine loads
3.2.1 Dynamic loads due to unbalanced masses
3.2.1a Dynamic load provided by the manufacturer
3.2.1b Machine unbalance provided by the manufacturer
3.2.1c Machine unbalance meeting industry criteria
3.2.1d Dynamic load determined from an empirical formula
3.2.1e Machine unbalance determined from trip vibration level and effective bearing stiffness
3.2.2 Loads from multiple rotating machines
3.3 Reciprocating machine loads
3.3.1 Primary and secondary reciprocating loads
3.3.2 Compressor gas loads
3.3.3 Reciprocating inertia loads for multicylinder machines
3.3.4 Estimating reciprocating inertia forces from multicylinder machines
3.4 Impulsive machine loads
3.5 Loading conditions
MENU
Functions
Damping Coefficient
Embedment D.Coefficient
necessary, adequate pockets
Damping Ratio
r. Pockets shall be filled using
Equivalent Radius
Minimum concrete
cover
Spring Constant
mm
mm
Embedment S.Constant
mm
Mass (or inertia) Ratio
mm
Damping Coefficient
mm
mm
Embedment D.Coefficient
mm
Damping Ratio
mm
Damping Coefficient
of supporting structures and
Embedment D.Coefficient
s the major moving parts (such as
Damping Ratio
s) and having a gross plan area of
Damping Coefficient
ations and buildings. Concrete
10 mm from the foundations.
Embedment D.Coefficient
ler and sealer.
Damping Ratio
he machine-foundation system
tive base dimension.
se as possible to the lines of
to calculate primary
e following loads:
t be considered to act
ld be determined considering
transverse horizontal
lculated as follows:
MPLITUDE (MM)
uctures and foundations for light
gn of foundations shall be
ation must be at least 3 times the
roz = √(X Y / π )
Kz = 4 G ro / (1-v)
Bz = (1-v) m / (4 ρ ro3)
Dz = 0,425 / √Bz
Sliding
Ix = Wf rox2/2
rox = √(X Y / π )
Kx = 32 (1-v) G ro / (7-8v)
(Cx)d = Cx
Dx = 0,288 / √Bx
Rocking
Iψ = mf (X2+4 H2) /12
roψ = ∜(X Y3 / 3π )
Kψ = 8 G ro3 / [3 (1-v)]
(Kψ)d = Kψ[1+0,6(d/ro)+0,3(d/ro)3]
Bψ = 3(1-v) Iψ / (4 ρ ro5)
(Cψ)d = Cψ
Dψ = 0,15 / [(1+Bψ)√Bψ]
Yawing
Iθ = mf (X2+Y2) /12
Kθ = 16 G ro3 / 3
Bθ = Iθ / ( ρ ro5)
Dθ = 0,5 / (1+2Bθ)
0 0 0 0 0 0 77
X 1.5 0 25 1.3907758 -24.23285 0
Y 0 1.5 0 -0.56191 0.3128565 22
Z 0 0 1 0 -0.97437 -1.92955 2.496501
-X -1.5 0 0 -1.390776 -0.126402 2.496501 -1.92955
-Y 0 -1.5 0 0.5619099 -0.312856 1 0
-Z 0 0 -1 0 0.9743701 2 0.054528333
L yrot= 3 0
10 2 1 X 1.3907758 -24.23285 4 0.07550806
calculation angle -X -1.390776 -0.126402 5 0
0.97 0.00 0.37 0 0 0 6 0.0533352
0.22 1.00 0.93 Y -0.56191 0.3128565 7 0.000504566
rotation matrix -Y 0.5619099 -0.312856 8 0
0.93 -0.37 0.00 0 0 0
0.08 0.21 -0.97 Z 0 0.9743701
0.37 0.90 0.22 -Z 0 0.9743701
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
no x y z Xi Yi Zi Xp
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 1.5 -2 -0.75 2.139989 -1.021517 -1.09061892 2.4019502
3 1.5 2 -0.75 0.6415626 -0.187233 2.523061852 0.5123049
4 -1.5 2 -0.75 -2.139989 -0.440038 1.4280455 -1.872577
5 -1.5 -2 -0.75 -0.641563 -1.274322 -2.18563527 -0.821004
6 1.5 -2 0.75 2.139989 0.4400378 -1.4280455 2.4965006
7 1.5 2 0.75 0.6415626 1.2743217 2.18563527 0.5264909
8 -1.5 2 0.75 -2.139989 1.0215173 1.090618918 -1.929549
9 -1.5 -2 0.75 -0.641563 0.1872334 -2.52306185 -0.858055
10 0.5 0 0 0.4635919 0.0421341 0.182502725 0.4552829
11 0 0.666667 0 -0.249738 0.1390473 0.602280128 -0.235551
12 0 0 0.75 0 0.7307775 -0.16871329 0
13 0 0 0.75 0 0.7307775 -0.16871329 0
14 -1.5 0 0.75 -1.390776 0.6043753 -0.71622147 -1.498071
15 0 0 0.75 0 0.7307775 -0.16871329 0
32 1.35 0 0.75 1.2516982 0.8445395 0.324044068 1.2124108
16 1.5 0 0.75 1.3907758 0.8571798 0.378794885 1.3400166
17 0 -2 0.75 0.7492132 0.3136356 -1.97555368 0.9336634
18 0 0 0.75 0 0.7307775 -0.16871329 0
33 0 1.8 0.75 -0.674292 1.1062053 1.457443056 -0.588519
19 0 2 0.75 -0.749213 1.1479195 1.638127094 -0.643758
20 0 0 1.5 0 1.4615551 -0.33742658 0
21 0 0 0.75 0 0.7307775 -0.16871329 0
34 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
22 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
23 3 -3 -0.75 3.9053713 -1.103686 -1.44653093 4.5658332
24 3 3 -0.75 1.6577318 0.1477399 3.97399022 1.1862981
25 -3 3 -0.75 -3.905371 -0.357869 1.783957516 -3.314142
26 -3 -3 -0.75 -1.657732 -1.609295 -3.63656364 -2.605089
27 3 -3 3 3.9053713 2.5502017 -2.29009739 5.0653965
28 3 3 3 1.6577318 3.8016276 3.130423766 1.262512
29 -3 3 3 -3.905371 3.2960187 0.940391062 -3.569682
30 -3 -3 3 -1.657732 2.0445928 -4.48013009 -3.003208
31 -1.5 2 -0.25 -2.139989 0.0471472 1.315569972 -1.89119
x1 y1 A x0 y0 Lo
1200 0 -39370.08 325.7788 0.0222052 325.7788 1200
0 0.03048 0
3700 0 -36417.32 1062.5406 0.0724232 1062.5406 3700
0 0.1016 0
5000 0.00508 -25237.23 1885.2447 0.1284991 1885.2447 0
0 0.2032 0
4500 0.1016 -10334.65 3256.2516 0.2219475 3256.2516 0
300 0.508 0
4500 0.1143 -10160.02 3344.9057 0.2279902 3344.9057 0
500 0.508 0
2000 0.127 -828.8438 1992.6876 0.1358224 1992.6876 0
0 2.54 0
2000 0.127 -65616.8 1888.24 0.1287032 1888.24 0
10000 0.00508 0
10000 0.127 -3999.171 8257.1249 0.5628091 8257.125 0
350 2.54 0
10000 0.254 -3937.008 8672.698 0.5911347 8672.698 0
1000 2.54 0
B enyakın
800 0.055 14671.272 800 325.7788
0 0
800 ; 0.055
Pz : 0 Px : 15 My : 0 Pcx : 15
fo : 13.33333333 fo : 13.33333333 fo : 13.33333333 Mcx : 0
Rv : 1.954410048 Rhx : 1.954410048 Rrx : 2.124503864 forx : 83.7758041
Cv : 4642.947936 Cv : 4642.947936 Cv : 5486.273965 Mmcx : 65.7
Kv : 5.37E+05 Khx : 290369.4928 Irx : 90 Mmocx : 90
av : 1.254839828 ahx : 1.623408228 Krx : 1735692.341 Rcx : 0.73
ωv : 102.4226908 ωhx : 75.30789571 arx : 1.027610787 ωx 1
: 170.3684995
fnv : 16.30107753 fnhx : 11.98562386 ωrx : 138.8721371 ωx 2
: 71.84638194
Bv : 0.61916124 Bhx : 0.769371955 fnrx : 22.10218707 Dωx2 : 114295588
Dv : 0.727759079 Dhx : 0.583030494 Brx: 0.281596338 Ascx1 : 7.550806E-05
rv1 : 0.817941839 rhx1 : 1.112443832 Drx : 0.276649703 Arcx1 : 1.674921E-05
Mv1 : 0.809271907 Mhx1 : 0.758296317 rrx1 : 0.60325855 Ascx2 : 0
Ast : 0.00E+00 Asox : 0.051658319 Mrx1 : 1.392105038 Arcx2 : 0
zv1 : 0.00E+00 zhx1 : 0.039172313 Ast : 0 Ascx : 0.07550806
fmv : 3.968452174 fmhx : 6.781691018 zrx1 : 0 Фxr : 1.674921E-05
rv2 : 0.24344723 rhx2: 0.565818776 fmrx : 24.01659984
Mv2 : 0.994772491 Mhx2 : 1.055557623 rrx2: 1.08661644
Ady : 0.00E+00 Ady : 0.054528333 Mrx2 : 1.592857946
Ady : 0
Фxr : 0
A 3.0 node x' y'
B 4.0 1 0 0
H 1.5 10 0.455283 0.041379
1 0 0
D 0.50 11 -0.23555 0.131149
1 0 0
Wm 80 12 0 0.743318
Wm_X 0 2 2.40195 -1.14656
Wm_Y 0 3 0.512305 -0.14951
Wm_Z 0.75 7 0.526491 1.045757
6 2.496501 0.513346
Px 15 2 2.40195 -1.14656
Px_Y 0 5 -0.821 -1.63074
Px_Z 0.75 9 -0.85806 0.250414
6 2.496501 0.513346
Py 0 9 -0.85806 0.250414
Py_X 0 8 -1.92955 0.921064
9 Py_Z 0.75 4 -1.87258 -0.38505
Yp 5 -0.821 -1.63074
0 Pz 0 4 -1.87258 -0.38505
-1.146564 Pz_X 0 3 0.512305 -0.14951
-0.149511 Pz_Y 0 8 -1.92955 0.921064
-0.385051 7 0.526491 1.045757
-1.630743 13 0 0.743318
0.5133459 Px 14 -1.49807 0.651001
1.0457573 15 0 0.743318
0.9210643 32 1.212411 0.818032
0.2504145 16 1.340017 0.825895
0.0413789 Py 17 0.933663 0.39085
0.1311485 18 0 0.743318
0.7433183 33 -0.58852 0.965491
0.7433183 19 -0.64376 0.986344
0.6510014 Pz 20 0 1.512594
0.7433183 21 0 0.743318
0.8180317 34 0 0
0.8258953 22 0 0
0.3908501
0.7433183
0.9654906
0.9863439
1.512594
0.7433183 A 0.790473 -1.38865
0 B 1.457128 -0.64804
0 H 2.449225 -0.31661
-1.290337 4 -1.87258 -0.38505
0.1057249 31 -1.89119 0.041666
-0.303692
-2.528972
3.3076964
2.8952817
3.0127065
3.7040597
0.0416658
Py : 0 Mx : 30 Pcy : 0 Mt : 0
fo : 13.33333333 fo : 13.33333333 Mcy : 30 fo : 13.33333333
Rhy : 1.954410048 Rry : 1.839874317 fory : 83.7758041 Rt : 1.997353951
Cv : 4642.947936 Cv : 4114.705474 Mmcy : 65.7 Cv : 4849.226905
Khy : 290369.4928 Iry : 64.8 Mmocy : 64.8 It : 106.6666667
ahy : 1.623408228 Kry : 1183183.391 Rcy : 0.73 Kt : 1274926.304
ωhy : 75.30789571 ary : 1.035890479 ωy1 : 166.2863616 at : 1.249581494
fnhy : 11.98562386 ωry : 135.1258781 ωy2 : 71.62439734 ωt : 109.3271883
Bhy: 0.769371955 fnry : 21.50595144 Dωy2 : 104690334.9 fnt : 17.39996243
Dhy : 0.583030494 Bry: 0.416204087 Ascy1 : 0 Bt : 1.864150853
rhy1 : 1.112443832 Dry : 0.220069364 Arcy1 : 0 Dt : 0.155746213
Mhy1 : 0.758296317 rry1 : 0.61998342 Ascy2 : 5.045661E-07 rt1 : 0.766285179
Ast : 0 Mry1 : 1.48502784 Arcy2 : 3.208664E-05 Mt1 : 2.097106584
zhy1 : 0 Ast : 0.025355326 Ascy : 0.000504566 Ast : 0
fmhy : 6.781691018 zry1 : 69.27745785 Фxr : 3.208664E-05 zt1 : 0
rhy2: 0.565818776 fmry : 22.62983433 fmt : 16.97264647
Mhy2 : 1.055557623 rry2: 1.052259157 rt2 : 0.975441559
Ady : 0.00E+00 Mry2 : 2.10351076 Mt2 : 3.250010471
Ady : 5.33E-02 Ady : 0
Фxr : 5.33352E-05 Фθ : 0