APUNTE DE INGLES AVANZADO 1-7

Para Expresar el deseo sobre algo usamos dos alternativas

Would Rather + bare infinitive

- Would you rather learn.

Would prefer + infinitive

would prefer + gerund

- Would prefer to learn

- Would prefer learning

Ahora cuando hablamos sobre lo que preferiríamos que hiciese otra persona.

Would rather + simple past

- Would you rather your son went to college or found a job.

* I would rather he went to college
* I would rather he didn´t go to far away.

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Would you rather buy a big car or a small one?

Would you prefer to buy a big car or a small one?
Would you prefer buying a big car to a small one?

Para responder afirmativamente : I would rather stay...

Para responder negativamente: I would rather not stay…

Do you want to take an evening course?

I would rather not / I would prefer not to.

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Gerund + noun
Por ejemplo cuando se utiliza el verbo como sujeto de la oración
- BEING a teacher could be interesting.
Luego también para excepciones como (like , good at , hate , love , can´t stand , be good at ,enjoy ,
quit , to be interested in , don´t mind , stop )
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EXPRESANDO ARREPENTIMIENTO

* should have + past participle

- I should have gone to another higschool.
- I shouldn´t have quit before I graduated

* If I + Past perfect + conditional perfect.

- If I had been more carefree I could have had more fun in college
- If I hadn´t studied really hard , I would have gotten terrible grades in school

* I wish + could have + past participle

- I wish I could have traveled more

* I wish + past perfect + past participle

- I wish I hadn´t spent so much time at home .
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Accomplishments (Logros)

* I+ have + past participle

I have bought a house
* I + past simple
I bought a house

* I+ will have+ past participle

I will have bought a house

* would like to have + past participle

I would like to have bought a house by January

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Para hablar de algo que deseas hacer en el futuro tienes tres alternativas.

* Hope + infinitive
- I hope to travel around Argentina next year.

* Hope + progressive infinitive

- I hope to be traveling around Argentina next year.
* Hope + perfect infinitive
- I hope to have traveled around Argentina next year.

Para hablar de algo que esperas que suceda, que sucederá, que ha sucedido. Se utiliza Hope
seguido de un Noun clause. Las cláusulas sustantivadas pueden comenzar con un question Word
(Where) con if o whether y también con el pronombre relativo THAT

- We hope (that) you learned a lot yesterday. (Aprendieras)

- We hope (that) you are learning a lot today. (Estes aprendiendo)
- We hope (that) you will learn a lot next year. (Aprendas)
- We hope (that) you have learned a lot so far this year. (Hayas aprendido)
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Acerca de “IT”

El pronombre “it “pueden precederle o seguirle diferentes verbos o frases que expresan
emociones (Like, bother, upset, embarrass, can´t stand, don´t mind)

- I love it when I get phone calls on my birthdays

- It upsets me when Chris chews gum while she is talking
- I can´t stand it when he corrects me in front of others.
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Pedidos con verbos modales y claúsulas IF
1) would …? + If + past participle
- Would it be all right if I used your laptop

2) Do you mind if? + Present tense

- Do you mind if I use your laptop.

3) Is it ok if …? +Present tense
- Is it ok if I use your laptot

4) Would you mind if + simple past

- Would you mind If I borrowed your laptop
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PRONOMBRES RELATIVOS COMO SUJETO Y OBJETO

1) Cuando son utilizados como sujeto del verbo en una clausula relative [Who-that] toman el lugar
de los pronombres personales (I, you , he , she , we , they).

I like people who/that are sincere

I really like a person who /that is direct
2 ) Cuando [Who-that] son utilizados como objetos del verbo toman el lugar de los pronombres
objetivos (me, you , him , her , us , them).

I´d prefer someone [who/that] I can dance with.

My friend is someone [who/that] I can talk to
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Noun phrases (Frases sustantivadas)
Integradas por un sustantivo + una claúsula relativa

La claúsula relativa contiene un sujeto y un verbo que modifica al sustantivo.

EJ: Argentina is a country (that) I ´d like to live in.

El pronombre that puede omitirse o incluirse en este tipo de oraciones.

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Pedidos indirectos

1) Statements (Oraciones comunes)

“Edwin, I´m going to be late for class “

Can you
could you >>>>>>>>>>> Tell Edwin (that) I´m going to be late for class?
Would you

2) Imperatives (órdenes o sugerencias)

“Lisa lend me your pencil “

Can you
could you >>>>>>>>>>> tell/ask Lisa to lend me her pencil.
Would you

3) wh question (Preguntas con pronombres interrogativos)

“ Matt , what time are you coming to om personal ? “

Can you
could you >>>>>>>>> Ask matt what time he´s coming to Om personal?
Would you
4) Yes/no Question
“Manuel, are you going to the party?”

Can
Could >>>>>>>>>>> Ask If/whether he ´s going to the party.
Would

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“Expectativas “

* you are (not) supposed to (debes)

* you are (not) spected to (se espera de ti)
* it ´s (not) acceptable to (es aceptable)
* it´s the custom to (se acostumbra)
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Como sugerir o aconsejar

1)
With gerunds

How about
what about >>>>>>> + Gerund [ example : Going to the movie]
have you thought about

2)
With infinitives

It might be a good idea

one thing you could do is >>>>>>>>> + infinitive [example : to go to the movies]

3)
with bare infinitive

Maybe you could + bare infinitive

- Maybe you could go to the movies

4) With negative questions

- Why don´t you + bare infinitive

example : Why don´t you go to the movies
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Expresar un servicio que alguien hace para ti .
* Get/have + object + past participle > bill had/got the roof repaired. (Pasivo)

* Have + someone + bare infinitive >> Bill had someone repair the roof.

* Get + someone+ “to” infinitive >> Bill got someone to repair the roof

La estructura básica formal es:

Have+something + done