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Pipe Sizing Criteria Schedule 40 Steel S-40 Steel

Design: 3'/100' PD , 10 fps max vel High: 5'/100' PD , 12 fps max vel Maxim: 7'/100' PD , 15 fps m

Nominl Outside Wall Inside Design High

Pipe DiameterThickness Diameter P.D. per Velocity Flow P.D. per Velocity Flow P.D. per

Size (in) (in) (in) 100 f (f/sec) (gpm) 100 f (f/sec) (gpm) 100 f
0.38 0.675 0.091 0.493 3.0 0.9 0.5 5.0 1.7 1 7.0

0.50 0.840 0.109 0.622 3.0 1.6 1.5 5.0 2.1 2 7.0

0.75 1.050 0.113 0.824 3.0 2.1 3.5 5.0 2.7 4.5 7.0

1.00 1.315 0.133 1.049 3.0 2.4 6.5 5.0 3.2 8.5 7.0
1.25 1.660 0.140 1.380 3.0 2.6 12 5.0 3.7 17 7.0
1.50 1.900 0.145 1.610 3.0 3.2 20 5.0 4.3 27 7.0

2.00 2.375 0.154 2.067 3.0 3.8 40 5.0 4.8 50 7.0

2.50 2.875 0.203 2.469 3.0 4.3 65 5.0 5.7 85 7.0

3.00 3.500 0.216 3.068 3.0 4.8 110 5.0 6.3 145 7.0

3.50 4.000 0.226 3.548 3.0 5.3 160 5.0 7.0 200 7.0
4.00 4.500 0.237 4.026 3.0 5.8 230 5.0 7.6 300 7.0
5.00 5.563 0.258 5.047 3.0 6.4 400 5.0 8.3 520 7.0

6.00 6.625 0.280 6.065 3.0 7.7 690 5.0 10.0 900 7.0
8.00 8.625 0.322 7.891 3.0 9.0 ### 5.0 12.0 ### 7.0

### 10.75 0.365 10.02 2.7 10.0 ### 3.8 12.0 ### 5.8

### 12.75 0.406 11.94 2.1 10.0 ### 3.0 12.0 ### 4.6
### 14.00 0.437 13.13 1.9 10.0 ### 2.7 12.0 ### 4.1

### 16.00 0.500 15.00 1.7 10.0 ### 2.3 12.0 ### 3.6
### 18.00 0.562 16.88 1.5 10.0 ### 2.0 12.0 ### 3.0

### 20.00 0.593 18.81 1.3 10.0 ### 1.8 12.0 ### 2.6

### 22.00 1.250 20.75 1.1 10.0 ### 1.6 12.0 ### 2.4

### 24.00 1.360 22.64 1.0 10.0 ### 1.4 12.0 ### 2.2
### 26.00 0.750 25.25 0.9 10.0 ### 1.3 12.0 ### 2.1

### 28.00 0.750 27.25 0.8 10.0 ### 1.2 12.0 ### 2.0
### 30.00 0.750 29.25 0.7 10.0 ### 1.1 12.0 ### 1.9

### 32.00 0.750 31.25 0.6 10.0 ### 1.0 12.0 ### 1.8

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### 34.00 0.750 33.25 0.5 10.0 ### 0.9 12.0 ### 1.7

### 36.00 0.750 35.25 0.4 10.0 ### 0.8 12.0 ### 1.6

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Maxim: 7'/100' PD , 15 fps max vel

Maxim
Velocity Flow

(f/sec) (gpm)
2.5 1.5

2.6 2.5

3.3 5.5

3.7 10
4.5 21
5.1 32

5.7 60
6.5 97

7.6 175

8.5 250
8.8 350
10.3 640

12.2 ###
14.1 ###

15.0 ###

15.0 ###
15.0 ###

15.0 ###
15.0 ###

15.0 ###

15.0 ###

15.0 ###
15.0 ###

15.0 ###
15.0 ###

15.0 ###

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15.0 ###

15.0 ###

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CLOSED SYSTEMS

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Schedule 40 Steel S40-Crit 383242865.xls

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OPEN SYSTEMS

Schedule 40 Steel S40-Crit 383242865.xls

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Schedule 40 Steel S40-Crit 383242865.xls

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COPPER Physical Dimensions and Sizing Criteria (ASPE Data Book)

Nominal Type K Copper Type L Copper Type M Copper Pipe Sizing Criteria
Pipe Size Diameter (ins) Diameter (ins) Diameter (ins) Velocity Loss in Flow
(ins) Outside Inside Outside Inside Outside Inside Ft/sec PD’/100’ GPM
0.25 0.375 0.305 0.375 0.315
0.38 0.5 0.402 0.5 0.43 0.5 0.45 1.0 3 0.5
0.50 0.625 0.527 0.625 0.545 0.625 0.569 1.5 3 1
0.75 0.875 0.745 0.875 0.785 0.875 0.811 2.0 3 3
1.00 1.125 0.995 1.125 1.025 1.125 1.055 2.5 3 7
1.25 1.375 1.245 1.375 1.265 1.375 1.291 3.0 3 12
1.50 1.625 1.481 1.625 1.505 1.625 1.527 3.5 3 17
2.00 2.125 1.959 2.125 1.985 2.125 2.009 4.0 3 35
2.50 2.625 2.435 2.625 2.465 2.625 2.495 4.5 3 70
3.00 3.125 2.907 3.125 2.945 3.125 2.981 5.0 3 110
3.50 3.625 3.385 3.625 3.425 3.625 3.459 5.5 3 160
4.00 4.125 3.857 4.125 3.905 4.125 3.935 6.0 2.5 225
5.00 5.125 4.805 5.125 4.875 5.125 4.907 6.5 2.5 380
6.00 6.125 5.741 6.125 5.845 6.125 5.881 7.0 2.2 575
8.00 8.125 7.583 8.125 7.725 8.125 7.785 7.5 1.9 1105
10.00 10.125 9.449 10.125 9.625 10.125 9.701 8.0 1.5 1835
12.00 12.125 11.315 12.125 11.565 12.125 11.617 8.5 1 2800

PLASTIC Physical Dimensions and Sizing Criteria (ASPE Data Book)

Nominal Schedule 40 PVC Schedule 40 CPVCPolyethylene (75 psi) Pipe Sizing Criteria
Pipe Size Diameter (ins) Diameter (ins) Diameter (ins) Velocity Loss in Flow
(ins) Outside Inside Outside Inside Outside Inside Ft/sec PD’/100’ GPM
0.50 0.840 0.622 0.840 0.622 0.782 0.622
0.75 1.050 0.824 1.050 0.824 0.824 1.000
1.00 1.315 1.049 1.315 1.049 1.300 1.050
1.25 1.660 1.380 1.660 1.380 1.710 1.380
1.50 1.900 1.610 1.990 1.610 2.000 1.610
2.00 2.375 2.067 2.375 2.067 2.567 2.067
2.50 2.875 2.469 2.875 2.469
3.00 3.500 3.068 3.500 3.068 3.670 3.068
3.50
4.00 4.500 4.026 4.500 4.026 4.820 4.026
5.00
6.00 6.625 6.065 6.625 6.065
8.00 8.625 7.981
10.00 10.750 10.020
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12.00 12.750 11.938

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Copper Pipe Sizing Chart

Copper , Plastic Cu-PVC 383242865.xls

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Pipe Sizing Criteria: Schedule 80 Steel S-80 Steel

Schedule 80 Steel S-80 Steel Extra Strong Steel XS Steel
Nomina Maxim Outside Wall Inside Maxim Outside Wall Inside Maxim
Pipe Siz Veloc Diamete Thickne Diamete Flow Diamete Thickne Diamete Flow
(ins) (fps) (ins) (ins) (ins) (gpm) (ins) (ins) (ins) (gpm)
0.375 1.0 0.675 0.126 0.423 0.5 0.675 0.126 0.423 0.5
0.500 1.5 0.840 0.147 0.546 1 0.840 0.147 0.546 1
0.750 2.0 1.050 0.154 0.742 2.5 1.050 0.154 0.742 2.5
1.000 2.5 1.315 0.179 0.957 5.5 1.315 0.179 0.957 5.5
1.250 3.0 1.660 0.191 1.278 12 1.660 0.191 1.278 12
1.500 3.5 1.900 0.200 1.500 20 1.900 0.200 1.500 20
2.000 4.0 2.375 0.218 1.939 35 2.375 0.218 1.939 35
2.500 4.5 2.875 0.276 2.323 60 2.875 0.276 2.323 60
3.000 5.0 3.500 0.300 2.900 100 3.500 0.300 2.900 100
3.500 5.5 4.000 0.318 3.364 150 4.000 0.318 3.364 150
4.000 6.0 4.500 0.337 3.826 215 4.500 0.337 3.826 215
5.000 6.5 5.563 0.375 4.813 365 5.563 0.375 4.813 365
6.000 7.5 6.625 0.432 5.761 600 6.625 0.432 5.761 600
8.000 9.0 8.625 0.500 7.625 1,275 8.625 0.500 7.625 1,275
10.000 10.0 10.750 0.593 9.562 2,230 10.750 1.000 9.750 2,320
12.000 10.0 12.750 0.687 11.374 3,150 12.750 1.000 11.750 3,370
14.000 10.0 14.000 0.750 12.500 3,810 14.000 1.000 13.000 4,120
16.000 10.0 16.000 0.843 14.312 4,995 16.000 1.000 15.000 5,490
18.000 10.0 18.000 0.937 16.124 6,340 18.000 1.000 17.000 7,050
20.000 10.0 20.000 1.031 17.938 7,850 20.000 1.000 19.000 8,800
22.000 10.0 22.000 2.250 19.750 9,510 22.000 1.000 21.000 10,750
24.000 10.0 24.000 2.438 21.562 11,340 24.000 1.000 23.000 12,900
26.000 10.0 26.000 1.000 25.000 15,240
28.000 10.0 28.000 1.000 27.000 17,780
30.000 10.0 30.000 1.000 29.000 20,510
32.000 10.0 32.000 1.000 31.000 23,440
34.000 10.0 34.000 1.000 33.000 26,560

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36.000 10.0 36.000 1.000 35.000 29,880

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CAST IRON Physical Data Hydraulic Handbook Colt Industries

Nominal 125 PSI Cast Iron 175 PSI Cast Iron 250 PSI Cast Iron Pipe Sizing Criteria
Pipe Size Diameter (ins) Diameter (ins) Diameter (ins) Velocity Loss in Flow
(ins) Outside Inside Outside Inside Outside Inside Ft/sec PD’/100’ GPM
3 3.96 3.06 3.96 3.00 3.1 4.5 100
4 5.00 4.04 5.00 3.96 2.8 5.1 200
5
6 7.10 6.08 7.10 6.00 7.22 6.00 2.9 6.8 600
8 9.30 8.18 9.30 8.10 9.42 8.00 2.6 7.7 1,200
10 11.40 10.16 11.40 10.04 11.60 10.00 2.7 9.0 2,200
12 13.50 12.14 13.50 12.00 13.78 12.00 2.5 9.7 3,400
14 15.65 14.17 15.65 14.01 15.98 14.00 1.9 9.4 4,500
16 17.80 16.20 17.80 16.02 18.16 16.00 1.7 9.6 6,000
18 19.92 18.18 19.92 18.00 20.34 18.00 1.9 10.0 8,000
20 22.06 20.22 22.06 20.00 22.54 20.00 1.2 9.2 9,000
22
24 26.32 24.22 26.32 24.00 26.90 24.00 1.2 10.0 14,000
30 32.40 30.00 32.74 30.00 33.46 30.00 0.9 10.0 22,000
36 38.70 35.98 39.16 36.00 40.04 36.00 0.7 9.5 30,000
42 45.10 42.02 45.58 42.02 0.5 9.3 40,000
48 51.40 47.98 51.98 48.06 0.5 9.8 55,000

ALUMINUM , BRASS Handbook for Mechanical Engineers : Baumeister & Marks

Nominal Aluminum Schedule 40 Aluminum Schedule 80 Brass (85% Cu, 15% Zn)
Pipe Size Diameter (ins) Thickness Diameter (ins) Thickness Diameter (ins) Thickness
(ins) Outside Inside (ins) Outside Inside (ins) Outside Inside (ins)
0.38 0.675 0.493 0.091 0.675 0.423 0.126 0.675 0.494 0.092
0.50 0.840 0.622 0.109 0.840 0.546 0.147 0.840 0.625 0.108
0.75 1.050 0.824 0.133 1.050 0.742 0.154 1.050 0.822 0.114
1.00 1.315 1.049 0.133 1.315 0.957 0.179 1.315 1.062 0.127
1.25 1.660 1.380 0.140 1.660 1.278 0.191 1.660 1.368 0.146
1.50 1.900 1.610 0.145 1.900 1.500 0.200 1.900 1.600 0.150
2.00 2.375 2.067 0.154 2.375 1.939 0.218 2.375 2.062 0.157
2.50 2.875 2.469 0.203 2.875 2.325 0.276 2.875 2.500 0.188
3.00 3.500 3.068 0.216 3.500 2.900 0.300 3.500 3.062 0.219
3.50 4.000 3.548 0.226 4.000 3.364 0.318 4.000 3.500 0.250
4.00 4.500 4.026 0.237 4.500 3.826 0.337 4.500 4.000 0.250
5.00 5.563 5.047 0.258 5.563 4.813 0.375 5.563 5.062 0.251
6.00 6.625 6.065 0.280 6.625 5.761 0.432 6.625 6.125 0.250
8.00 8.625 7.981 0.322 8.625 7.625 0.500 8.625 8.000 0.313
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10.00 10.750 10.020 0.365 10.750 9.750 0.500 10.750 10.019 0.363
12.00 12.750 12.000 0.375 12.750 11.750 0.500 12.750 12.000 0.375

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PIPE DESIGN BASED ON HAZEN WILLIAMS FOR ( f = 0.2083 x (100/C)^1.85 x Q^1.85/D^4.8635 )

Source: Cameron Hydraulic Data, 1926-62

Values of C
Sizing Criteria: 3’ PD per 100’ Pipe Length
High (smooth, clean)
Average Design (old)
Pipe Material Low (old, corroded)
Copper, Brass, Tin, Lead, Glass 155 to 120 140 130
Cast Iron, Wrought Iron, Steel (seaml 150 to 80 130 100
C= 155 represents new, clean smooth C = 80 represents old, corroded, rough

Pipe Sizing Criteria for Cast Iron and Steel: Cameron Hydraulic Old Pipes: C = 100

Pipe Cast Iron Steel : Sch-40 & Sch-80 Steel : XS Steel: XXS
Size Flow Velocity Loss Flow Velocity Loss Flow Velocity Loss Flow Velocity Loss
(ins) (gpm) (fps) PD/100' (gpm) (fps) PD/100' (gpm) (fps) PD/100' (gpm) (fps) PD/100'
0.50 1 1.1 2.1 1 1.4 4.0
0.75 2.5 1.5 2.9 2 1.5 3.2
1.00 5 1.9 3.2 4 1.8 3.3 2 2.3 11.7
1.25 10 2.2 3.1 8 2.0 3.0 4 2.0 4.7
1.50 14 2.2 2.7 12 2.2 2.9 6 2.0 3.6
2.00 28 2.7 2.9 24 2.6 3.0 12 2.2 2.9
2.50 45 3.0 2.9 40 3.0 3.2 20 2.7 3.3
3.00 75 3.5 2.9 80 3.5 3.0 70 3.4 3.0 40 3.1 3.3
3.50 110 3.7 2.8 120 4.0 3.1 100 3.6 2.9 60 3.3 3.1
4.00 160 4.1 2.9 170 4.3 3.2 140 3.9 2.9 90 3.7 3.2
5.00 280 4.6 2.8 300 4.8 3.0 260 4.6 2.9 160 4.0 2.8
6.00 450 5.1 2.8 500 5.6 3.2 400 4.9 2.7 280 4.8 3.1
8.00 1000 6.4 3.0 1000 6.4 3.0 900 6.3 3.1 700 6.0 3.2
### 1800 7.4 3.0 1800 7.3 3.0 1700 7.3 3.0
### 3000 8.5 3.2 3000 8.5 3.2 2800 8.3 3.1

Pipe Sizing Criteria for Cast Iron and Steel: Cameron Hydraulic Old Pipes: C = 130

Pipe Cast Iron Steel : Sch-40 & Sch-80 Steel : XS Steel: XXS
Size Flow Velocity Loss Flow Velocity Loss Flow Velocity Loss Flow Velocity Loss
(ins) (gpm) (fps) PD/100' (gpm) (fps) PD/100' (gpm) (fps) PD/100' (gpm) (fps) PD/100'
0.50 1 1.5 2.9 1 1.4 2.5 1 1.3 2.0 1.5 1.6 2.7
0.75 3 2.2 4.1 3 2.0 3.2 3 1.9 2.7 3 1.8 2.6
1.00 6 2.5 3.6 6 2.3 3.1 6 2.2 2.7 6 2.2 2.6
1.25 10 2.6 3.1 10 2.5 2.9 10 2.4 2.6 12 2.6 2.7
1.50 15 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.6 15 2.6 2.4 20 3.2 3.3
2.00 30 3.2 2.6 30 3.1 2.5 35 3.5 3.1 35 3.4 2.7
2.50 60 4.1 3.3 60 4.0 3.1 60 3.9 2.9 60 3.9 2.9
3.00 90 4.3 3.0 90 4.2 2.8 100 4.6 3.2 100 4.4 2.8
3.50 140 5.0 3.2 140 4.9 2.9 140 4.8 2.9 150 5.0 3.1
4.00 190 5.2 3.0 190 5.1 2.8 200 5.3 2.9 200 5.1 2.7

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5.00 350 6.2 3.2 350 6.0 3.0 350 5.9 2.8 400 6.4 3.1
6.00 550 6.8 3.1 550 6.6 2.8 600 7.1 3.2 650 7.1 3.0
8.00 1100 7.8 2.8 1200 8.2 3.0 1200 8.1 2.9 1300 8.3 3.0

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Dynamic Pressure Losses through Fittings

EL = L/D* D (EL = Equivalent Length. L=Pipe Length, D = Pipe Diameter)
Velocity Pressure Factor (K) for Water : K = C*D**E: Pressure Drop (PD) = K*VP

FITTING IDENTIFICATION L/D Factors K Factors

ColRo
w Description Name Water Glycol Brine Diesel Petrol Steam Gas Coeff C Expon E
A8 90 deg Elbow: Regular Screwed EL90-RG-SC 45 53 61 45 36 30 35 1.5 -0.6092
A9 90 deg Elbow: Long Radius Screw EL90-LR-SC 25 29 34 25 20 15 20 0.75 -0.8787
A10 90 deg Elbow: Regular Flanged EL90-RG-Fl 45 53 61 45 36 30 35 0.45 -0.253
A11 90 deg Elbow: Long Radius Flange EL90-LR-FL 25 29 34 25 20 15 20 0.4 -0.463
A12 45 deg Elbow: Regular Screwed EL45-RG-SC 25 29 34 25 20 20 25 0.35 -0.1365
A13 45 deg Elbow: Regular Flanged El45-RG-FL 15 18 20 15 12 15 20 0.22 -0.1414
A14 Return U-Bend: Regular Screwed BEND-RG-SC 90 105 123 90 72 70 75 1.35 -0.5
A15 Return U-Bend: Regular Flanged BEND-RG-FL 90 105 123 90 72 70 75 0.425 -0.255
A16 Return U-Bend: Long Radius BEND-LR-SC 50 59 68 50 40 45 45 0.426 -0.5182
A17 Tee: Line Flow Screwed TEE-LF-SC 20 24 27 20 16 20 25 0.9 0
A18 Tee: Branch Flow Screwed TEE-BF-SC 65 76 89 65 52 65 70 1.85 -0.3747
A19 Tee: Line Flow Flanged TEE-LF-FL 20 24 27 20 16 20 25 0.265 -0.4695
A20 Tee: Branch Flow Flanged TEE-BF-FL 65 76 89 65 52 65 70 1 -0.2851
A21 Strainer: Basket STRAINER 90 105 123 90 72 70 75 2.4 -0.5609
A22 Union / Coupling UNION 45 53 61 45 36 30 35 0.083 -0.6644
A23 Inlet: Bell-Mouthed INLET-BM 20 24 27 20 16 20 25 0.05 0
A24 Inlet: Square-Edged INLET-SE 45 53 61 45 36 30 35 0.5 0

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A25 Outlet: All Types OUTLET 65 76 89 65 52 65 70 1 0

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Dynamic Pressure Losses through Valves

EL = L/D* D (EL = Equivalent Length. L=Pipe Length, D = Pipe Diameter)
Velocity Pressure Factor (K) for Water : K = C*D**E: Pressure Drop (PD) = K*VP

FITTING IDENTIFICATION L/D Factors K Factors

ColRo Description Name Water Glycol Brine Diesel GasolineSteam Gas Coeff C Expon E
w
A8 Angle : Screwed ANGLE-SC 175 205 238 175 140 150 200 4.5 4.5
A9 Angle : Flanged ANGLE-FL 175 205 238 175 140 150 200 4.25 4.25
A10 Balancing BALANCING 350 410 477 350 280 30 350 12.5 12.5
A11 Ball BALL 10 12 14 10 8 10 10 0.24 0.24
A12 Butterfly BUTTERFLY 50 59 68 50 40 0 0 12.5 12.5
A13 Check Swing : Screwed CHECK-SC 150 176 204 150 120 75 100 3.5 3.5
A14 Check Swing : Flanged CHECK-FL 150 176 204 150 120 75 100 2 2
A15 Gate : Screwed GATE-SC 10 12 14 10 8 10 10 0.24 0.24
A16 Gate : Flanged GATE-FL 10 12 14 10 8 10 10 1 1
A17 Gate : Electric Motor GATE-EM 10 12 14 10 8 10 10 0.24 0.24
A18 Gate : Pneumatic Motor GATE-PM 10 12 14 10 8 10 10 0.24 0.24
A19 Globe : Screwed GLOBE-SC 350 410 477 350 280 300 350 12.5 12.5
A20 Globe : Flanged GLOBE-FL 350 410 477 350 280 300 350 12.5 12.5
A21 Globe : Electric Motor GLOBE-EM 350 410 477 350 280 300 350 12.5 12.5
A22 Globe : Pneumatic Motor GLOBE-PM 350 410 477 350 280 300 350 12.5 12.5
A23 Lock Shield LOCK-SHIEL 10 12 14 10 8 10 10 0.24 0.24
A24 Plug Cock PLUG-COCK 150 176 204 150 120 130 150 12.5 12.5
A25 Pressure Reducing PRV 10 12 14 10 8 10 10 0.24 0.24
A26 Quick Open QUICKOPEN 350 410 477 350 280 300 350 12.5 12.5
A27 Pressure Regulator PR-REG 10 12 14 10 8 10 10 0.24 0.24
A28 Relief / Safety RELIEF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

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A29 Solenoid SOLENOID 350 410 477 350 280 300 350 12.5 12.5
A30 Foot Valve FOOT 50 59 68 50 40 0 0 0.8 0.8

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PROPERTIES OF LIQUIDS

Temperature
Liquid Properties
-30 0 30 60 100 150 210
Water Density (lb/cu ft) 62.42 62.37 62.00 61.20 59.81
Specific Gravity ( = Density / 62 1.00 1.00 0.99 0.98 0.96
Kinematic viscosity (sq ft/sec) 0.00 12.17 7.39 4.76 3.20
Specific heat (Btu/lb oF) 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.01
Glycol Density (lb/cu ft) 67.98 67.55 67.11 66.55 65.74 64.68 63.12
Specific Gravity ( = Density / 62 1.09 1.08 1.08 1.07 1.05 1.04 1.01
Kinematic viscosity (sq ft/sec) 595.00 190.00 85.40 48.60 22.60 12.50 6.40
Specific heat (Btu/lb oF) 0.70 0.73 0.76 0.78 0.81 0.85 0.88
Brine Density (lb/cu ft) 78.59 78.21 77.71 77.21 76.09
Specific Gravity ( = Density / 62 1.26 1.25 1.25 1.24 1.22
Kinematic viscosity (sq ft/sec) 171.70 77.50 34.70 21.80 8.90
Specific heat (Btu/lb oF) 0.66 0.67 0.68 0.69 0.71
Diesel Density (lb/cu ft) 59.20 57.40 56.10 54.90 53.00 51.10
Specific Gravity ( = Density / 62 0.95 0.92 0.90 0.88 0.85 0.82
Kinematic viscosity (sq ft/sec) 376.70 161.50 80.70 48.30 29.10 7.50
Specific heat (Btu/lb oF) 0.47 0.48 0.49 0.50 0.51 0.52
Petrol Density (lb/cu ft) 46.10 45.50 44.90 44.70 44.30 42.40
Specific Gravity ( = Density / 62 0.74 0.73 0.72 0.72 0.71 0.68
Kinematic viscosity (sq ft/sec) 11.00 9.80 8.80 7.00 5.50 3.00
Specific heat (Btu/lb oF) 0.47 0.48 0.49 0.50 0.51 0.52

PROPERTIES OF HIGH TEMPERATURE HOT WATER Increase in Frictional Pressure Loss due to Pipe Age
Hydraulic Handbook by Colt Industries
Temp Satur. Density Specific Kinem Sp. Heat Multipliers
deg F Press lb/cu f Gravity = Viscos Btu/lb oF Pipe Age Small Medium Large
psig Density/62.4 sq ft/sec Years 1” - 3” 4” to 12” 14” - 48”
212 0 59.81 0.96 3.2 1.0055 0 1 1 1
220 2.5 59.63 0.96 3 1.0068 5 1.4 1.35 1.3
240 10.3 59.1 0.95 2.7 1.0104 10 2.2 1.9 1.6
260 20.7 58.51 0.94 2.5 1.0148 15 3.6 2.7 1.8
280 34.5 57.94 0.93 2.3 1.02 20 5 3.5 2
300 52.3 57.31 0.92 2.1 1.26 25 6.3 4.2 2.1
350 119.9 55.59 0.89 1.9 1.044 30 7.25 4.73 2.2
400 232.6 53.65 0.86 1.7 1.067 35 8.1 5.2 2.3
450 407.9 51.55 0.83 1.5 1.095 40 8.75 5.58 2.4
45 9.25 5.93 2.6
50 9.6 6.23 2.86
STANDARD MOTOR SIZES 60 10 7 3

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1 2 3 5 7.5 10 15 20 25 30 40
50 60 75 100 125 150 200 250 300 400 500

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STEAM PRESSURE CLASSIFICATION AND PIPE SIZING DESIGN CRITERIA

Pressure Classifications Pressure Initial Steam Sizing Criteria Maxim System Maxim Veloc
Vacuum: Less than 0 psig Class Press (psig) (psi/100f) PD (psig) (f/min)
Low: 0 to 15 psig Low 3.5 0.25 1 4,000
Medium: 15 to 30 psig Low 12 0.5 3.5 4,000
High: 30 to 150 psig Medium 30 0.75 7.5 6,000
High: 150 to 250 psig High 50 1 10 8,000
High 100 2 20 10,000
High 150 2 25 10,000

LOW PRESSURE STEAM PIPE SIZING CRITERIA : Flow Rates of Steam (lbs/hr)

Initial Steam Saturation Pressure = 3.5 psig Initial Steam Saturation Pressure = 12 psig
Sizing Criteria: PD (psi) per 100 feet of Pipe Sizing Criteria: PD (psi) per 100 feet of Pipe
Pipe 1/16 1/8 1/4 1/2 3/4 1 2 1/16 1/8 1/4 1/2 3/4 1 2
Size 0.063 0.125 0.25 0.5 0.75 1.0 2.0 0.063 0.125 0.25 0.5 0.75 1.0 2.0
0.75 9 14 20 29 36 42 60 11 16 24 35 43 50 73
1.0 17 26 37 54 68 81 114 21 31 46 66 82 95 137
1.25 36 53 78 111 140 162 232 45 66 96 138 170 200 280
1.5 56 84 120 174 218 246 360 70 100 147 210 260 304 430
2.0 108 162 234 336 420 480 710 134 194 285 410 510 590 850
2.5 174 258 378 540 680 780 1150 215 310 460 660 820 950 1370
3.0 318 465 660 960 1190 1380 1950 380 550 810 1160 1430 1670 2400
3.5 462 670 990 1410 1740 2000 2950 550 800 1218 1700 2100 2420 3450
4.0 640 950 1410 1980 2450 2880 4200 800 1160 1690 2400 3000 3460 4900
5.0 1200 1680 2440 3570 4380 5100 7500 1430 2100 3000 4250 5250 6100 8600
6.0 1920 2820 3960 5700 7000 8400 ### 2300 3350 4850 5700 8600 ### ###
8.0 3900 5570 8100 ### ### ### ### 4800 7000 ### ### ### ### ###
10.0 7200 ### ### ### ### ### ### 8800 ### ### ### ### ### ###
12.0 ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ###

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MEDIUM PRESSURE STEAM PIPE SIZING CRITERIA : Flow Rates of Steam (lbs/hr)

Initial Steam Saturation Pressure = 30 psig Initial Steam Saturation Pressure = 60 psig
Sizing Criteria: PD (psi) per 100 feet of Pipe Sizing Criteria: PD (psi) per 100 feet of Pipe
Pipe 1/8 1/4 1/2 3/4 1 2 Pipe 1/8 1/4 1/2 3/4 1 2
Size 0.125 0.25 0.5 0.75 1.0 2.0 Size 0.125 0.25 0.5 0.75 1.0 2.0

0.50 7 10 14 17 19 28 0.50 8 12 17 21 25 35
0.75 16 22 32 39 45 64 0.75 20 28 40 49 57 81
1.00 32 45 64 79 91 129 1.00 40 57 81 100 115 163
1.25 70 99 142 174 202 283 1.25 89 127 179 219 253 358
1.50 110 156 220 270 312 440 1.50 139 197 279 342 395 558
2.00 223 316 446 546 630 892 2.00 282 282 565 691 800 1,130
2.50 368 520 735 900 1,040 1,472 2.50 465 660 930 1,140 1,318 1,860
3.00 675 953 1,340 1,652 1,905 2,690 3.00 853 1,205 1,690 2,090 2,410 3,410
3.50 990 1,405 2,010 2,470 2,850 4,020 3.50 1,275 1,800 2,550 3,120 3,605 5,090
4.00 1,420 2,020 2,850 3,490 4,025 5,700 4.00 1,800 2,550 3,610 4,462 5,100 7,220
5.00 2,625 3,720 5,260 6,450 7,450 10,550 5.00 3,320 4,710 6,660 8,150 9,440 13,300
6.00 4,315 6,100 8,650 10,600 12,200 17,300 6.00 5,475 7,725 11 13,420 15,450 21,900
8.00 9,000 12,700 18,000 22,000 25,420 36,000 8.00 11,360 16,100 22,800 27,900 32,200 45,550
### 16,400 23,200 33,300 40,250 46,500 65,750 10.00 20,800 29,400 41,500 51,000 58,900 83,250
### 26,350 37,250 52,500 64,500 74,500 105,500 12.00 33,300 47,100 66,700 81,750 94,500 133,200

HIGH PRESSURE STEAM PIPE SIZING CRITERIA : Flow Rates of Steam (lbs/hr)

Initial Steam Saturation Pressure = 30 psig Initial Steam Saturation Pressure = 60 psig
Sizing Criteria: PD (psi) per 100 feet of Pipe Sizing Criteria: PD (psi) per 100 feet of Pipe
Pipe 1/2 3/4 1 2 5 Pipe 1/2 3/4 1 2 5
Size 0.5 0.75 1.0 2.0 5.0 Size 0.5 0.75 1.0 2.0 5.0
0.50 21 26 30 43 68 0.50 23 29 33 47 75
0.75 50 61 70 99 160 0.75 54 66 77 109 172
1.00 100 120 140 200 320 1.00 109 134 155 220 347
1.25 220 270 310 440 690 1.25 241 296 341 483 764
1.50 340 420 480 680 1,080 1.50 375 460 532 751 1,185
2.00 690 850 980 1,390 2,190 2.00 760 930 1,075 1,520 2,410
2.50 1,140 1,400 1,620 2,280 3,610 2.50 1,250 1,535 1,775 2,550 3,960
3.00 2,090 2,560 2,960 4,180 6,610 3.00 2,280 2,815 3,245 4,590 7,260
3.50 3,120 3,830 4,420 6,250 9,870 3.50 3,430 4,200 4,850 6,850 10,880
4.00 4,420 5,420 6,260 8,840 13,960 4.00 4,840 5,930 6,850 9,700 15,350
5.00 8,170 10,020 11,580 16,350 25,840 5.00 8,950 11,000 12,700 17,950 28,400
6.00 13,420 16,450 19,020 26,840 42,410 6.00 14,710 18,070 20,800 29,500 46,500
8.00 27,930 34,250 39,580 55,870 88,280 8.00 30,650 37,550 43,400 61,400 97,100
10.00 50,970 62,500 72,230 101,900 161,100 10.00 56,000 68,500 79,100 112,000 177,000
12.00 81,810 ### ### ### ### 12.00 89,900 ### ### ### ###

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Pipe Slope (in. / 10 f) 1 1 2 2 3 4 5
Pressure Drop (psi / 100 f) 0 0 1 1 1 1 2

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Pressure Drop (psi/100’) sizing criteria for open gravity (sloped pipe) condensate return

CONDENSATE FLOW RATE (lbs/hr) Condensate Return Pressure = 0 psig

Supply Steam at 5 psig Supply Steam at 15 psig Supply Steam at 30 psig

Pipe PD (psi per 100 feet) Pipe PD (psi per 100 feet) Pipe PD (psi per 100 feet)
Size 1/16 1/4 1 Size 1/16 1/4 1 Size 1/16 1/4 1
0.063 0.25 1.0 0.063 0.25 1.0 0.063 0.25 1.0
0.5 240 520 1100 0.5 95 210 450 0.5 60 130 274
0.75 510 1120 2400 0.75 210 450 950 0.75 130 280 590
1.0 1000 2150 4540 1.0 400 860 1820 1.0 250 530 1120
1.25 2100 4500 9500 1.25 840 1800 3800 1.25 520 1110 2350
1.5 3170 6780 14,200 1.5 1270 2720 5700 1.5 780 1670 3510
2.0 6240 13,300 a 2.0 2500 5320 a 2.0 1540 3270 a
2.5 10,000 21,300 a 2.5 4030 8520 a 2.5 2480 5250 a
3.0 18,000 28,000 a 3.0 7200 15,200 a 3.0 4440 9360 a
4.0 37,200 78,000 a 4.0 14,900 31,300 a 4.0 9180 19,200 a
6.0 110,500 a a 6.0 44,300 a a 6.0 27,300 a a
8.0 228,600 a a 8.0 91,700 a a 8.0 56,400 a a
Supply Steam at 50 psig Supply Steam at 100 psig Supply Steam at 150 psig
Pipe PD (psi per 100 feet) Pipe PD (psi per 100 feet) Pipe PD (psi per 100 feet)
Size 1/16 1/4 1 Size 1/16 1/4 1 Size 1/16 1/4 1
0.063 0.25 1.0 0.063 0.25 1.0 0.063 0.25 1.0
0.5 42 92 200 0.5 28 62 133 0.5 23 51 109
0.75 91 200 420 0.75 62 134 290 0.75 50 110 230
1.0 180 380 800 1.0 120 260 544 1.0 100 210 450
1.25 370 800 1680 1.25 250 540 1130 1.25 200 440 930
1.5 560 1200 2520 1.5 380 810 1700 1.5 310 660 1400
2.0 1110 2350 a 2.0 750 1590 a 2.0 610 1300 a
2.5 1780 3780 a 2.5 1200 2550 a 2.5 980 2100 a
3.0 3190 6730 a 3.0 2160 4550 a 3.0 1760 3710 a
4.0 6660 13,800 a 4.0 4460 9340 a 4.0 3640 7630 a
6.0 19,600 a a 6.0 13,200 a a 6.0 10,800 a a
8.0 40,500 a a 8.0 27,400 a a 8.0 22,400 a a
Supply Steam at 100 psig Supply Steam at 150 psig
Pipe PD (psi per 100 feet) Pipe PD (psi per 100 feet)
Size 1/16 1/4 1 Size 1/16 1/4 1
0.063 0.25 1.0 0.063 0.25 1.0
0.5 56 120 260 0.5 43 93 200
0.75 120 260 560 0.75 93 200 420
1.0 240 500 1060 1.0 180 390 800
1.5 750 1600 3,320 1.5 570 1210 2500
2.0 1470 3,100 6450 2.0 1120 2350 4900
2.5 2,370 5,000 10,300 2.5 1800 3780 7800
3.0 4,230 8,860 a 3.0 3200 6,710 a

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4.0 8,730 18,200 a 4.0 6,620 13,800 a
6.0 25,900 53,600 a 6.0 19,600 40,600 a
8.0 3,400 110,300 a 8.0 40,500 83,600 a

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PROPERTIES OF STEAM

Press Temp Volume Enthalpy btu/lb Press Temp Volume Enthalpy btu/lb
psig deg F cuf Liquid Latent psig deg F cuf Liquid Latent
0 212 26.8 180.1 970.3 65 311.8 5.49 281.8 901.3
1 215.5 25.13 183.6 968.1 70 316.4 5.18 286.2 898
2 218.7 23.72 186.8 966 75 320.1 4.91 290.4 894.8
3 221.7 22.47 189.8 964.1 80 323.9 4.66 294.4 891.9
4 224.5 21.35 192.7 962.3 85 327.6 4.44 298.2 899
5 227.3 20.34 195.5 960.5 90 331.2 4.24 301.9 886.1
6 229.9 19.42 198.2 958.8 95 334.6 4.06 305.5 883.3
7 232.4 18.58 200.7 957.2 100 337.9 3.89 308.9 880.7
8 234.9 17.81 203.2 955.6 105 341.1 3.74 312.3 878.1
9 237.2 17.11 205.6 954.1 110 344.2 3.59 315.5 875.5
10 239.5 16.46 207.9 952.5 115 347.2 3.46 318.7 873
11 241.7 15.86 210.1 951.1 120 350.1 3.34 321.7 870.7
12 243.8 15.31 212.2 949.7 125 352.9 3.23 324.7 868.3
13 245.9 14.79 214.3 948.3 130 355.6 3.12 327.6 865.9
14 247.9 14.31 216.4 946.9 135 358.3 3.02 330.4 863.7
15 249.8 13.86 218.3 945.6 140 360.9 2.93 333.1 861.5
16 251.7 13.43 220.3 944.3 145 363.4 2.84 335.8 859.3
17 253.6 13.03 222.2 943 150 365.9 2.76 338.4 857.2
18 255.4 12.66 224 941.8 155 368.3 2.68 340.9 855
19 257.1 12.31 225.7 940.6 160 370.6 2.61 343.4 853
20 258.8 11.98 227.5 939.5 165 372.9 2.54 345.9 850.9
21 260.5 11.67 229.2 938.3 170 375.2 2.47 348.3 848.9
22 262.2 11.37 230.9 937.2 175 377.4 2.41 350.7 846.9
23 263.8 11.08 232.5 936.1 180 379.5 2.35 353 845
24 265.4 10.82 234.1 935 185 381.6 2.3 355.2 843.1
25 266.9 10.56 235.6 934 190 383.7 2.24 357.4 841.2
30 274.1 9.45 243 928.9 195 385.8 2.19 359.6 839.2
35 280.7 8.56 249.8 924.2 200 387.8 2.13 361.9 837.4
40 286.8 7.83 256 919.8 210 391.7 2.04 366 833.8
45 292.4 7.2 261.8 915.7 220 395.5 1.95 370.1 830.3
50 297.7 6.68 267.2 911.8 230 399.1 1.88 374.1 826.8
55 302.7 6.23 272.4 908.1 240 402.7 1.81 377.8 823.4
60 307.3 5.83 277.2 904.6 250 406.1 1.74 381.6 820.1

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Natural Gas Pipe Sizing Tables and Charts

Steel Pipe - Schedule 40
Downstream Pressure
D-
Press Pipe Dimension (in)
(psig) 1/2" 3/4" 1 1 1/4 1 1/2 2 2 1/2 3 4 5
9.5 355 745 1,400 2,880 4,310 8,305 13,240 23,400 47,730 86,350
9 515 1,080 2,030 4,160 6,240 12,020 19,150 33,860 69,060 ###
8.5 350 730 1,370 2,815 4,210 8,120 12,940 22,880 46,600 84,420
8.1 475 995 1,875 3,850 5,770 11,100 17,700 31,300 63,840 ###
7.6 300 630 1,190 2,440 3,650 7,040 11,215 19,830 40,440 76,170
7.2 440 910 1,720 3,530 5,290 10,190 16,240 28,710 58,560 ###
6.6 290 615 1,160 2,380 3,565 6,865 10,940 19,345 39,460 71,390
6.3 395 830 1,560 3,210 4,810 9,260 14,760 26,090 53,210 96,260
5.7 245 515 970 1,990 2,990 5,730 9,140 16,160 32,950 59,620
5.4 355 745 1,400 2,880 4,310 8,310 13,245 23,415 47,760 86,400
4.7 240 500 940 1,935 2,900 5,580 8,895 15,730 32,080 58,030
4.5 315 660 1,240 2,540 3,810 7,340 11,695 20,680 42,170 76,300

· inlet upstream pressure is more than 5 psig (35 kPa)

· fittings factor 1.2 - equivalent pipe length = pipe length + 20%
For natural gas the nominal BTU/cf varies from about 900 to 1100 BTU/cf. In general it is common to set
· 1 Cubic Foot (CF) = Approx 1,000 BTUs
· 1 CFH ≈ 1 MBH
· 1 Btu/h = 0.293 W
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Steel Pipe - Schedule 40

Capacity of Pipe (MBH ≈ CFH)
Pipe Size (in) Pipe Length (ft)
Nomi Inside
nal dia 10 20 40 80 150 300
1/2" 0.622 120 85 60 42 31 22
3/4" 0.824 272 192 136 96 70 50
1 1.049 547 387 273 193 141 100
1 1/4 1.38 1,200 849 600 424 310 219
1 1/2 1.61 1,860 1,316 930 658 480 340
2 2.067 3,759 2,658 1,880 1,330 971 686
2 1/2 2.469 6,169 4,362 3,084 2,189 1,593 1,126
3 3.068 11,225 7,938 5,613 3,969 2,898 2,049
4 4.026 23,479 16,602 11,740 8,301 6,062 4,287
5 5.047 42,945 30,367 21,473 15,183 11,088 7,841
6 6.065 69,671 49,265 34,836 24,632 17,989 12,720
8 7.981 ### ### 70,916 50,145 36,621 25,895

· pressure less than 1 1/2 psig· pressure drop 0.5 inches water column
· specific gravity of natural gas· 0.6 energy content in natural gas 1000 Btu/lb
· 1 Cubic Foot (CF) = Approx 1,000 BTUs· 1 CFH = 1 MBH
· common to use fittings factor 1.5 - equivalent pipe length
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in table above = pipe length + 50%

For natural gas the nominal BTU/cf varies from about
900 to 1100 BTU/cf. In general it is common to set

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Copper Tubing - type K Copper Tubing - type L

Capacity of Pipe (MBH ≈ CFH) Capacity of Pipe (MBH ≈ CFH)
Pipe Size (in) Pipe Length (ft) Pipe Size (in) Pipe Length (ft)
Nomi Outsid Inside Nomina Outsid Inside
nal Dia Dia 10 20 40 80 l Dia Dia 10 20 40 80
1/4" 3/8" 0.305 15 10 7 5 1/4" 3/8" 0.315 16 11 8 6
3/8" 1/2" 0.402 33 24 17 12 3/8" 1/2" 0.43 41 29 20 14
1/2" 5/8" 0.527 74 52 37 26 1/2" 5/8" 0.545 81 58 41 29
5/8" 3/4" 0.652 138 97 69 49 5/8" 3/4" 0.666 146 103 73 52
3/4" 7/8" 0.745 203 143 101 72 3/4" 7/8" 0.785 236 167 118 84
1 1 1/8 0.995 469 332 235 166 1 1 1/8 1.025 511 362 256 181
1 1/4 1 3/8 1.245 894 632 447 316 1 1/4 1 3/8 1.265 936 662 468 331

· pressure less than 1 1/2 psig · pressure less than 1 1/2 psig
· common to use fittings factor 1.5 - equivalent pipe length
· common to use fittings factor 1.5 - equivalent pipe length
in table above = pipe length + 50% in table above = pipe length + 50%
· pressure drop 0.5 inches water column · pressure drop 0.5 inches water column
· specific gravity of natural gas 0.6 · specific gravity of natural gas 0.6
· energy content in natural gas 1000 Btu/lb · energy content in natural gas 1000 Btu/lb
· One MBH is equivalent to 1000 BTU's per hour · One MBH is equivalent to 1000 BTU's per hour
· 1 Btu/h = 0.293 W
· 1 lb = 0.4536 kg
· 1 ft (foot) = 0.3048 m
· 1 in water = 248.8 N/m2 (Pa) = 0.0361 lb/in2 (psi) = 25.4 kg/m2 = 0.0739 in mercury
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· 1 psi (lb/in2) = 6,894.8 Pa (N/m2)

The capacity of a low pressure natural gas (less than 1 psi) pipe line can be calculated with the Spitzglass formula like
q = 3550 k ( h / l SG)1/2 (1)
where
q = natural gas flow capacity (cfh) h = pressure drop (in Water Column)
l = length of pipe (ft) k = [d5/(1 + 3.6/d + 0.03 d)]1/2
d = inside diameter pipe (in) SG = specific gravity

For natural gas the nominal BTU/cf varies from about 900 to 1100 BTU/cf. In general it is common to set
1 Cubic Foot (CF) = approx 1,000 BTUs
1 CFH = 1 MBH
The specific gravity of natural gas varies from 0.55 to 1.0.
The downstream pressure in a houseline after the meter/regulator is in general in the
range of 7 to 11 inches Water Column, or about 1/4 psi.

Example - Natural Gas Pipe Capacity

The capacity of a 100 ft natural gas pipe with a nominal diameter 0.5 inches (actual ID 0.622 in)
and 0.5 inches WC pressure drop can be calculated as
k = [(0.622 in)5/(1 + 3.6 / (0.622 in) + 0.03 (0.622 in))] 1/20.117
=

q = 3550 0.117 ( (0.5 in) / (100 ft) 0.60 )1/2 = 37.9 cfh
Specific gravity of natural gas is set to 0.60.

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Fixture Data : Domestic Hot and Cold Water

Fixture Type Supply Minim Fixture Private Use : Fixture Units Public Use : Fixture Units Minim Conn. Size
/ Description Code PSIG GPM Cold Hot Total Cold Hot Total Cold
Bathroom Group TANK 8 0 4.5 3 6 4.5 3 6 0.50
Bathroom Group VALVE 8 0 6 3 8 4.5 3 6 1.00
Water Closet TANK 8 0 3 0 3 5 0 5 0.38
Water Closet VALVE 15 0 6 0 6 10 0 10 1.00
Urinal TANK 8 0 3 0 3 3 0 3 0.38
Urinal VALVE 8 0 4 0 4 5 0 5 1.00
Shower Head TANK 8 3 2 2 3 4 4 5 0.50
Bathtub TANK 8 4 7.5 7.5 10 7.5 7.5 10 0.50
Lavatory TANK 8 2 1 1 1.5 2 2 3 0.38
Service Sink TANK 8 3 2 2 3 4 4 5 0.50
Kitchen Sink TANK 8 3 2 2 3 4 4 5 0.50
Restaurant Sink TANK 8 3 3 3 4 3 3 4 0.50
Drinking Fountain TANK 8 2 1 0 1 2 0 2 0.38
Dish Washer TANK 8 3 2 2 3 3 3 4 0.38
Clothes Washer TANK 8 4 2 2 3 3 3 4 0.50

Conversion Table : Fixture Units to GPM (from ASPE Data Book)

Flow Fixture Units Flow Fixture Units Flow Fixture Units Flow Fixture Units
GPM Tank Valve GPM Tank Valve Gpm Tank Valve GPM Tank Valve
1 0 34 63 18 74 245 124 210 1018 1009
2 1 35 66 20 76 254 132 220 1091 1091
3 3 36 69 21 78 264 140 230 1173 1173
4 4 37 74 23 80 275 148 240 1254 1254
5 6 38 78 25 82 284 158 250 1335 1335
6 7 39 83 26 84 294 168 260 1418 1418
7 8 40 86 28 86 305 176 270 1500 1500
8 10 41 90 30 88 315 186 280 1583 1583
9 12 42 95 31 90 326 195 290 1668 1668
10 13 43 99 33 92 337 205 300 1755 1755
11 15 44 103 35 94 348 214 310 1845 1845
12 16 45 107 37 96 359 223 320 1926 1926
13 18 46 111 39 98 370 234 330 2018 2018
14 20 47 115 42 100 380 245 340 2110 2110
15 21 48 119 44 105 406 270 350 2204 2204
16 23 49 123 46 110 431 295 360 2298 2298
17 24 50 127 48 115 455 329 370 2388 2388
18 26 51 130 50 120 479 365 380 2480 2480
19 28 52 135 52 125 506 396 390 2575 2575
20 30 53 141 54 130 533 430 400 2670 2670
21 32 54 146 57 135 559 460 410 2765 2765
22 34 5 55 151 60 140 585 490 420 2862 2862
23 36 6 56 155 63 145 611 521 430 2960 2960
24 39 7 57 160 66 150 638 559 440 3060 3060
25 42 8 58 165 69 155 665 596 450 3150 3150
26 44 9 59 170 73 160 692 631 500 3620 3620
27 46 10 60 175 76 165 719 666 550 4070 4070
28 49 11 62 185 82 170 748 700 600 4480 4480
29 51 12 64 195 88 175 778 739 700 5380 5380
30 54 13 66 205 95 180 809 775 800 6280 6280

Plumbing Fixture Units FixtUnits 383242865.xls

Skidmore, Owings + Merrill Varkie C. Thomas, Ph.D., P.EIBM-AES Piping Software Ref-Data
31 56 14 68 215 102 185 840 811 900 7280 7280
32 58 15 70 225 108 190 874 850 1000 8300 8300
33 60 16 72 236 116 200 945 931

Plumbing Fixture Units FixtUnits 383242865.xls

Skidmore, Owings + Merrill Varkie C. Thomas, Ph.D., P.EIBM-AES Piping Software Ref-Data

Minim Conn. Size

Hot
0.50
0.50
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.50
0.50
0.38
0.75
0.50
0.50
0.00
0.38
0.50

Plumbing Fixture Units FixtUnits 383242865.xls

Skidmore, Owings + Merrill, LLP Varkie C. Thomas, Ph.D., P.E. IBM-AES Piping Software Ref-Data

Horizontal Fixture Branches and Stacks Building Drains and Sewers

Pipe Any Horiz One Stack More than 3 Br Intervals Pipe Max Fixture Units that may be Connected
Diam Fixture 3 Br Interv Total for Total at One Diam Slope per Foot
(ins) Branch or Less Stack Br. Interval (ins) 1/16 inch 1/8 inch 1/4 inch 1/2 inch
1.5 3 4 8 2
2.0 6 10 24 6 2.0 21 26
2.5 12 20 42 9 2.5 24 31
3.0 20 48 72 20 3.0 42 50
4.0 160 240 500 90 4.0 180 216 250
5.0 360 540 1100 200 5.0 390 480 575
6.0 620 960 1900 350 6.0 700 840 1000
8.0 1400 2200 3600 600 8.0 1400 1600 1920 2300
10.0 2500 3800 5600 1000 10.0 2500 2900 3500 4200
12.0 3900 6000 8400 1500 12.0 2900 4600 5600 6700
15.0 7000 15.0 7000 8300 10000 12000

Plumbing Sanitary Drainage Sanitary 383242865.xls

Skidmore, Owings + Merrill, LLP Varkie C. Thomas, Ph.D., P.E. IBM-AES Piping Software Ref-Data

Horizontal Vent Sizing Table (BOCA National Plumbing Code)

Horizontal Branch Diameter of Vent (inches)
Diam Slope 1.25 1.5 2 2.5 3 4 5 6 8 10 12
(in/f) Maximum Developed Length of Vent (feet)
1.25 0.125
0.25
0.50
1.5 0.125
0.25
0.50
2 0.125
0.25 290
0.50 150 380
2.5 0.125 180 450
0.25 96 240
0.50 49 130
3 0.125 190
0.25 97 420
0.50 50 220
4 0.125 190
0.25 98 310
0.50 48 160 410
5 0.125 190 490
0.25 97 250
0.50 46 130
6 0.125 190
0.25 97 250
0.50 46 130
8 0.125 190
0.25 91 310
0.50 38 150 410
10 0.125 190 500
0.25 85 240
0.50 32 110
12 0.125 180
0.25 79 420
0.50 26 200
15 0.125
0.25
0.50
Plumbing Sanitary Vents Vents 383242865.xls
Skidmore, Owings + Merrill, LLP Varkie C. Thomas, Ph.D., P.E. IBM-AES Piping Software Ref-Data

Vertical Vent Sizing Table (BOCA National Plumbing Code)

Stack Total Diameter of Vent (inches)
Diam FUs to 1.25 1.5 2 2.5 3 4 5 6 8 10 12
(ins) Stack Maximum Developed Length of Vent (feet)
1.25 2 30
1.5 8 50 150
10 30 100
2 12 30 75 200
20 26 50 150
2.5 42 30 100 300
3 10 42 150 360 1040
21 32 110 270 810
53 27 94 230 680
102 25 86 210 620
4 43 35 85 250 980
140 27 65 200 750
320 23 55 170 640
540 21 50 150 580
5 190 28 82 320 990
490 21 63 250 760
940 18 53 210 670
1400 16 49 190 590
6 500 33 130 400 1000
1100 26 100 310 780
2000 22 84 260 660
2900 20 77 240 600
8 1800 31 95 240 940
3400 24 73 190 720
5600 20 62 160 610
7600 18 56 140 560
10 4000 31 78 310 960
7200 24 60 240 740
### 20 51 200 630
### 18 46 180 570
12 7300 31 120 380 940
### 24 94 300 720
### 20 79 250 610
### 18 72 230 500
15 ### 40 130 310
### 31 96 240
Plumbing Sanitary Vents Vents 383242865.xls
Skidmore, Owings + Merrill, LLP Varkie C. Thomas, Ph.D., P.E. IBM-AES Piping Software Ref-Data
### 26 81 200
### 24 74 180

Plumbing Sanitary Vents Vents 383242865.xls

Skidmore, Owings + Merrill, LLP
Varkie C. Thomas, Ph.D., IBM-AES
P.E. Piping Software Ref-Data

ROOF DRAIN AND LEADER SIZING

Rain Size of Drain or Leader Diameter (in.)

(in./hr.) 2 3 4 5 6 8
1 2880 8800 ### ### ### ###
2 1440 4400 9200 ### ### ###
3 960 2930 6130 ### ### ###
4 720 2200 4600 8650 ### ###
5 575 1760 3680 6920 ### ###
6 480 1470 3070 5765 9000 ###
7 410 1260 2630 4945 7715 ###
8 360 1100 2300 4325 6750 ###
9 320 980 2045 3845 6000 ###
10 290 880 1840 3460 5400 ###
11 260 800 1675 3145 4910 ###
12 240 730 1530 2880 4500 9660

HORIZONTAL RAINWATER PIPE SIZING HORIZONTAL RAINWATER PIPE SIZING

1/8 Slope 1/4 Slope
Pipe Maximum Rainfall (in./hr) Pipe Maximum Rainfall (in./hr)
Size 2 3 4 5 6 Size 2 3 4 5 6
3 1644 1096 822 657 548 3 2320 1546 1160 928 773
4 3760 2506 1880 1504 1253 4 5300 3533 2650 2120 1766
5 6680 4453 3340 2672 2227 5 9440 6293 4720 3776 3146
6 ### 7133 5350 4280 3566 6 ### ### 7550 6040 5033
8 ### ### ### 9200 7600 8 ### ### ### ### ###
10 ### ### ### ### ### 10 ### ### ### ### ###
12 ### ### ### ### ### 12 ### ### ### ### ###
15 ### ### ### ### ### 15 ### ### ### ### ###

HORIZONTAL RAINWATER PIPE SIZING

1/2 Slope
Pipe Maximum Rainfall (in./hr)
Size 2 3 4 5 6
3 2295 1644 1310 1096
4 5010 3760 3010 2500
5 ### 8900 6680 5320 4450
6 ### ### ### 8580 7140
8 ### ### ### ### ###
10 ### ### ### ### ###
12 ### ### ### ### ###
Plumbing Storm Water Sizing Storm 383242865.xls
Skidmore, Owings + Merrill, LLP
Varkie C. Thomas, Ph.D., IBM-AES
P.E. Piping Software Ref-Data
15 ### ### ### ### ###

Plumbing Storm Water Sizing Storm 383242865.xls

Skidmore, Owings Merrill LLP Varkie C. Thomas, Ph.D., P.E. IBM-AES Piping Design Software Ref-Data

Example of Primary-Secondary Piping Network System

Section No. Terminal Units (100 gpm each)

Cooling Coils
S12 R1
Pumps
S11 R2
Chillers

Booster Pump S10 R3

S8 S9 CHWS

CHWR
R4

S7 S6 S5
S1
R8
S2

R5

S3 R7
Cooling Coils
(300 gpm each)

R6
S4
Chillers Primary Pumps

Primary-Secondary Piping CHW-Schematic 383242865.xls

Skidmore, Owings Merrill LLP
Varkie C. Thomas,
IBM-AES
Ph.D.,Piping
P.E. Design Software Ref-Data

BOILER PLANT

Primary
Boiler Boiler Hot Water
Pumps

HWS
AHU Heating Coils
HWR
Hot Water Loop
HWS

HWR HWR
Booster
HWS Pump

4-Pipe Units 4-Pipe Units 4-Pipe Units

BLDG

Booster
CHWS Building
Pump Envelope
CHWS

CHWR
Chilled Water Loop
Primary Chilled
Water Pumps
CHWS

AHU Cooling Coils

Centrifug Centrifug Centrifug

al Chiller al Chiller al Chiller

CHWR

CWR

CWS

Cooling Cooling
Condenser Tower Tower
Water Loop

CHILLER PLANT
Primary Plant Piping Plant-Schematic 383242865.xls
Skidmore, Owings Merrill LLP
Varkie C. Thomas,
IBM-AES
Ph.D.,Piping
P.E. Design Software Ref-Data
CHILLER PLANT

CWR

Primary Plant Piping Plant-Schematic 383242865.xls