DR PRUMAL

1. Assess with three examples most common causes of environmental hazards

 Climate Change - Humans contribute to a warming Earth through the release of
greenhouses gases such as carbon dioxide into the atmosphere through
deforestation, agriculture, industrial pollution and the use of the automobile. The
use of domesticated animals also influences the environment; cows, goats and
pigs all release methane gas, a greenhouse gas, accounting for about a quarter of
all methane emissions, according to EduGreen
 Population Growth - Population growth is one of the most significant causes of
environmental problems. Humans require energy, space and resources to survive.
According to the Clean Water Action Council, population growth is the biggest
threat to the environment. The human population is rising beyond the Earth's
ability to regenerate. Population growth leads to scarce sources of water in places
around the world, along with scarce cropland, declining fisheries and forests and
species extinction
 Wasteful Use of Resources - The practice of wasting valuable resources by human
beings contributes to environmental problems. For example, leaving lights on
when you are away from home unnecessarily uses energy. Many environmental
preservationists recommend switching to fluorescent lighting, as opposed to
incandescent lighting. Incandescent lights are considered inefficient, as 10
percent of the electricity results in light. The rest results in heat
 Ecological Ignorance - ecological ignorance, or the failure to understand the
effects of human behavior on the relationship between the environment and
living things. A simple example is deforestation. Humans beings, plants and
animals rely on the oxygen produced by forests for survival. Deforestation is an
example of ecological ignorance when a logging company, for example, destroy
trees without understanding the real-world impact on living beings in the area.

2. State the economic, social and ecological objectives of sustainable development

 Economic Objective - Increased efficiency and growth
 Social Objective - Reduce poverty/increased equity
 Ecological Objective -Management of natural resources
3. List and briefly describe 3 environmental disasters that have taken place due to
negligence of environmental sustainability
 Air Pollution - A range of gases, typically emitted through human activities, are
threatening the Earth's atmosphere and causing global warming. Among these,
carbon dioxide is perhaps most commonly discussed. Harmful amounts of carbon
dioxide are emitted when we burn fossil fuels; activities such as production plants
and commercial travel are responsible for releasing this pollutant into the
atmosphere in huge quantities. Since the 2000s, many people have attempted to
cut their carbon footprint to reduce these emissions, as noted by the National
Geographic website.
Chlorofluorocarbons --- sometimes found in aerosol canisters --- and methane
also damage Earth's protective ozone layer, increasing the threat of global
warming. Levels of sulfur dioxide must also be monitored. This pollutant is found
in the smog which appears above industrialized cities, and it can lead to acid rain
when released.
 Deforestation - Deforestation involves the clearing of Earth's natural forests,
typically for creating building materials. This threatens the environment, since
trees perform important roles for our planet: they regulate carbon dioxide gases,
acting as a sponge and preventing the gas re-entering the atmosphere, and
absorb sunlight as part of their photosynthesis process. A heavily forested area,
such as a rainforest, will reflect only 12 to 15 percent of the sun's rays, while a
deforested area will reflect 20 percent, according to the Atmosphere, Climate and
Environment Information Program. Thus, if forests are removed, more gases are
released into the atmosphere, and more sunlight is reflected, leading to climate
change
 Water Pollution - Water pollution comes in many forms and adversely affects the
humans, plants and animals that depend on clean water in their everyday lives.
Some of the causes of water pollution include sewage, which can become a
problem in underdeveloped countries. Sewage is less likely to be treated properly
in these countries, causing illness if it gets into a population's drinking water
supply. Oil is another threat to the Earth's water. Oil can enter the ocean through
spills or through oil dumping and drains. Oil does not dissolve well, and can thus
be hazardous for marine life.
 Soil Erosion - Soil erosion occurs naturally, but what's more worrying is
accelerated erosion that's the result of human activities, including misguided
cultivation methods and overgrazing. These activities leave soil overexposed to
harsh winds and excessive rainfall, which then dislodges soil. The result is that
agriculture is affected, both in the areas where the soil moves to, and the place
where it comes from.

4. Explain the relationship between building construction activities and climate change that
can take place in the environment
 Concrete and Cement Produce CO2
 Construction waste
 Land uses modification
 Heat gain and electricity consumptions
IR DR IDRIS

1. Assess with four examples major roles of project manager to ensure that the objectives
of engineering projects can be achieved
 Planning - tactical (short term planning at PM level to satisfy top management
objectives) and strategic (long term planning to set up organization, and policies
and strategies for use of resources is done at top management level)
 Organizing - creating an organization or team to execute the managerial
objectives and establish how people within it relate and interact each other
 Leading - directing, motivating, specializing, communicating
 Controlling - measuring what has achieved with time, cost, quality and the
corrective appropriate measures taken

2. Explain the pre-defined objectives

 to complete the project on time
 to complete the project within budget
 to complete the project with the desired quality

3. Explain every stage of control systems/ project life cycle throughout a project
 Defining or Initiation Stage - Needed for understanding of the business
environment & making sure all necessary controls are incorporated into the
Project through cost benefit analysis and budget
 Planning and Design Stage - To ensure that the final product will satisfy the
client and meet the specifications of the Project Charter through benchmarking
using models or prototypes
 Execution (Construction / production) stage - To ensure all ‘Plans” are being
executed and strictly followed (Schedule Plan, Cost Plan, Quality Plan) through
time control (schedule, progress bar charts) and cost control (earn value, S-
curve)
 Delivering stage - To check the efficiency or quality of the product delivered
through hand-over document and defects list
 4. Compare the time and schedule control
 Both happened during the production stage

Time Control Cost Control

x Recording and monitoring cost performance

x Determining the status of the project
to detect and understand changes from the
schedule
cost baseline
x Determining if the project schedule has
x Assuring that potential cost overruns do not
Concerns changed
exceed the authorized funding periodically and
x Influencing the factors that create schedule
in total for the project
changes
x Informing appropriate stakeholders of
x Managing the actual changes as they occur
approved changes

x Original Schedule x Cost estimates

Main input x Approved schedule changes x Performance reports
x Performance reports x Approved change requests

x Schedule comparison bar charts which

display two bars for each activity, one shows x Cost change control system
Tools & current /actual status, the other the original x Performance measurement analysis
techniques schedule x Forecasting
x S-curve x Project Management Software
x Project management software

x Cost estimate (updates)

Main x Updated Schedule x Performance measurements
output x Recommended corrective actions x Forecasted completion cost
x Recommended corrective action

5. Six advantages of developing a life cycle for a project

 The project lifecycle provides a structured approach for the delivery of the
project. This allows everyone working on the project to identify how the project
is progressing. It also has clearly defined activities and outputs for each phase
 Aids communication and helps define roles within the project organisation as it
provides a framework for the project that is visible and understood by all
members of the project.
 The project lifecycle will allow the project manager to link progress directly to
each phase and recognise the completion of each phase
 The phases within the project lifecycle provide an understanding of the
evolution of the project
 enable quick decisions on a ‘go no go’ for the project progress
6. What is meant by extended life cycle

7. Explain 5M method
 5-M Method is a simple method used to analyse causes and consequences. It is
based on five causes;
o Manpower - causes are in humans, people
o Machines - causes are in equipment, such as machinery, computers,
tools, instruments, technology
o Materials - causes are in defect or material properties
o Methods - causes are in the rules, regulations, laws or standards
o Management - causes are in improper management

8. Read on earn value analysis

 Earn value analysis compares the cost value of work done with the value of work
that should have been done (i.e. the base-line)
 Earn value can also be presented in the form of S-curve –simpler and more
widely used
 S-curve examines and compares the value of work done with the actual value or
progress – in terms of time (delays) or amount (over or under-achievement)
 Remember to look on the calculation part
DR FAIZARI

1. Analyse two main functions of BEM

2. With the aid of illustration, illustrate the route from engineering student to become a
professional engineer
3. Appraise how a person could qualify on the following categories
 Professional engineer with practice certificate
 Temporary engineers
 Accredited Checker
4. Explain the background of Highland Tower project and describe the main cause of this
tragedy

5.
6. Discuss the role of the engineers and the engineering profession in ensuring public
safety
7. Decision court for Professional obligation of engineers and architect in handling project
8. Describe relevant code of conduct or act/law
9. Discuss the roles and responsibilities of BEM and IEM
10. Compare three examples of ethical and non-ethical engineering practices
11. Compare COC and COE
DR KHOR

1. Interpret the formal definition of quality

-The dynamic system that relate to the product, process people that meet or above the
expectation of the customer
-In term of consumer: it has more feature and better performance
-in terms of manufacturing: it made correct for the first time
In terms of production: it has specific and measurable attribute of the product.
2. Analyse one example of product and appraise two attributes of product quality specific
for example given
-attribute of product quality
-Performance
-Reliability
-feature
-Perceive quality
3. Discuss two benefits of having quality products or services
-To maintain the customer satisfaction and loyalty
-Improve the efficiency of manufacturing and profit
-One step in front from the competitor

4.

Absolute weight (right)

Importance x Target value x select point

Absolute weight (below)

Doted x Importance

Relative Weight (below)

Absolute weight x dotted
5.
The se of this Deming is to identify the problem and find the solution. For example, we
receive a bad review from our customer telling us that the product delivered take long
time.
There for by having the Deming we can solve the problem (PDCA)
1.Plan
find the problem that we facing (eg. The delivering of our product to customer take
time)
2.Do
Find the solution for the problem (eg. We try find another courier such as pos laju
,gedex and soon)
3.Check
Observe thus the alternative is good or not. (eg we seen the review of the courier
from other user)
4.Action
Identify the best solution and implement it

6. What is six sigma

-statistical measurement of the product performance

-it put the customer first and use it as the guide for better performance

7. Mention the five QFD steps (it translate the requirement of the customer into function
block)

8.