Syllabus & Previous Papers

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Electronics & Communication Engineering 183
T P C
IV Year – II SEMESTER
3+1 0 3
ELECTIVE - IV
WIRELESS SENSORS AND NETWORKS
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UNIT I
OVERVIEW OF WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS:
Key definitions of sensor networks, Advantages of sensor Networks, Unique
constraints an challenges, Driving Applications, Enabling Technologies for
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Wireless Sensor Networks.
ARCHITECTURES:
Single-Node Architecture - Hardware Components, Energy Consumption of
Sensor Nodes, Operating Systems and Execution Environments, Network
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Architecture -Sensor Network Scenarios, Optimization Goals and Figures of
Merit, Gateway Concepts.
UNIT II
NETWORKING Technologies:
Physical Layer and Transceiver Design Considerations, Personal area
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networks (PANs), hidden node and exposed node problem, Topologies of

PANs, MANETs, WANETs.
UNIT-III
MAC Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks:
Issues in Designing a MAC protocol for Ad Hoc Wireless Networks, Design
goals of a MAC Protocol for Ad Hoc Wireless Networks, Classifications of
MAC Protocols, Contention - Based Protocols, Contention - Based Protocols
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with reservation Mechanisms, Contention – Based MAC Protocols with

Scheduling Mechanisms, MAC Protocols that use Directional Antennas,
Other MAC Protocols.
UNIT-IV
ROUTING PROTOCOLS:
Introduction, Issues in Designing a Routing Protocol for Ad Hoc Wireless
Networks, Classification of Routing Protocols, Table –Driven Routing
Protocols, On – Demand Routing Protocols, Hybrid Routing Protocols,
Routing Protocols with Efficient Flooding Mechanisms, Hierarchical Routing
Protocols, Power – Aware Routing Protocols, Proactive Routing.
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UNIT-V
TRANSPORT LAYER AND SECURITY PROTOCOLS:
Introduction, Issues in Designing a Transport Layer Protocol for Ad Hoc
Wireless Networks, Design Goals of a Transport Layer Protocol for Ad Hoc
Wireless Networks, Classification of Transport Layer Solutions, TCP Over
Ad Hoc Wireless Networks, Other Transport Layer Protocol for Ad Hoc
Wireless Networks.
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UNIT- VI
SECURITY IN WSNs:
Security in Ad Hoc Wireless Networks, Network Security Requirements,
Issues and Challenges in Security Provisioning, Network Security Attacks,
Key Management, Secure Routing in Ad Hoc Wireless Networks.
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SENSOR NETWORK PLATFORMS AND TOOLS:
Sensor Node Hardware – Berkeley Motes, Programming Challenges, Node-
level software platforms, Node-level Simulators, State-centric programming.
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APPLICATIONS of WSN:
S Ultra wide band radio communication, Wireless fidelity systems. Future
directions, Home automation, smart metering Applications.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Ad Hoc Wireless Networks: Architectures and Protocols - C. Siva Ram
Murthy and B.S.Manoj, 2004, PHI
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2. Wireless Ad- hoc and Sensor Networks: Protocols, Performance and

Control – Jagannathan Sarangapani, CRC Press
3. Holger Karl & Andreas Willig, “Protocols And Architectures for
Wireless Sensor Networks", John Wiley, 2005.
REFERENCES:
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1. . Kazem Sohraby, Daniel Minoli, & Taieb Znati, “Wireless Sensor

Networks- Technology, Protocols, and Applications”, John Wiley,
2007.
2. Feng Zhao & Leonidas J. Guibas, “Wireless Sensor Networks- An
Information Processing Approach", Elsevier, 2007.
3. Ad- Hoc Mobile Wireless Networks: Protocols & Systems, C.K. Toh ,1
ed. Pearson Education.
4. Wireless Sensor Networks - C. S. Raghavendra, Krishna M.
Sivalingam, 2004, Springer.
5. Wireless Sensor Networks – S Anandamurugan , Lakshmi Publications
***
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T P C
3+1 0 3
CELLULAR AND MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS
UNIT I
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CELLULAR MOBILE RADIO SYSTEMS: Introduction to Cellular
Mobile System, Performance criteria, uniqueness of mobile radio
environment, operation of cellular systems, Hexagonal shaped cells, Analog
and Digital Cellular systems.
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ELEMENTS OF CELLULAR RADIO SYSTEM DESIGN : General
description of the problem, concept of frequency channels, Co-channel
Interference Reduction Factor, desired C/I from a normal case in a Omni
directional Antenna system, Cell splitting, consideration of the components
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of Cellular system.
UNIT II
INTERFERENCE : Introduction to Co-Channel Interference, real time Co-
Channel interference, Co-Channel measurement, design of Antenna system,
Antenna parameters and their effects, diversity receiver, non-cochannel
interference-different types. CELL COVERAGE FOR SIGNAL AND
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TRAFFIC: Signal reflections in flat and hilly terrain, effect of human made
structures, phase difference between direct and reflected paths, constant
standard deviation, straight line path loss slope, general formula for mobile
propagation over water and flat open area, near and long distance propagation
antenna height gain, form of a point to point model.
UNIT III
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CELL SITE AND MOBILE ANTENNAS : Sum and difference patterns

and their synthesis, omni directional antennas, directional antennas for
interference reduction, space diversity antennas, umbrella pattern antennas,
minimum separation of cell site antennas, high gain antennas.
UNIT IV
FREQUENCY MANAGEMENT AND CHANNEL ASSIGNMENT:
Numbering and grouping, setup access and paging channels channel
assignments to cell sites and mobile units, channel sharing and borrowing,
sectorization, overlaid cells, non fixed channel assignment.
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UNIT V
Handoff, dropped calls and cell splitting, types of handoff, handoff invitation,
delaying handoff, forced handoff, mobile assigned handoff. Intersystem
handoff, cell splitting, micro cells, vehicle locating methods, dropped call
rates and their evaluation.
UNIT VI
DIGITAL CELLULAR NETWORKS : GSM architecture, GSM channels,
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multiplex access scheme, TDMA, CDMA.
TEXTBOOKS :
1. Mobile Cellular Telecommunications – W.C.Y. Lee, Tata McGraw Hill,
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2rd Edn., 2006.
2. Principles of Mobile Communications – Gordon L. Stuber, Springer
International 2nd Edition, 2007.
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REFERENCES :
1. Wireless Communications - Theodore. S. Rapport, Pearson education,
2nd Edn., 2002.
2. Wireless and Mobile Communications – Lee McGraw Hills, 3rd Edition,
2006.
3. Mobile Cellular Communication – G Sasibhushana Rao Pearson
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3. Wireless Communication and Networking – Jon W. Mark and Weihua

Zhqung, PHI, 2005.
4. Wireless Communication Technology – R. Blake, Thompson Asia Pvt.
Ltd., 2004.
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T P C
3+1 0 3
ELECTRONIC MEASUREMENTS AND INSTRUMENTATION
UNIT I
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Performance characteristics of instruments, Static characteristics, Accuracy,
Resolution, Precision, Expected value, Error, Sensitivity. Errors in
Measurement, Dynamic Characteristics-speed of response, Fidelity, Lag and
Dynamic error. DC Voltmeters- Multi-range, Range extension/Solid state and
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differential voltmeters, AC voltmeters- multi range, range extension, shunt.
Thermocouple type RF ammeter, Ohmmeters series type, shunt type, Multi-
meter for Voltage, Current and resistance measurements.
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UNIT II
Signal Generator- fixed and variable, AF oscillators, Standard and AF sine
and square wave signal generators, Function Generators, Square pulse,
Random noise, sweep, Arbitrary waveform. Wave Analyzers, Harmonic
Distortion Analyzers, Spectrum Analyzers, Digital Fourier Analyzers.
UNIT III
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Oscilloscopes CRT features, vertical amplifiers, horizontal deflection system,

sweep, trigger pulse, delay line, sync selector circuits, simple CRO, triggered
sweep CRO, Dual beam CRO, . Dual trace oscilloscope, sampling
oscilloscope, storage oscilloscope, digital readout oscilloscope, digital
storage oscilloscope, Lissajous method of frequency measurement, standard
specifications of CRO, probes for CRO- Active & Passive, attenuator type.
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UNIT IV
AC Bridges Measurement of inductance- Maxwell’s bridge, Anderson
bridge. Measurement of capacitance -Schearing Bridge. Wheat stone bridge.
Wien Bridge, Errors and precautions in using bridges. Q-meter.
UNIT V
Transducers- active & passive transducers : Resistance, Capacitance,
inductance; Strain gauges, LVDT, Piezo Electric transducers, Resistance
Thermometers, Thermocouples, Thermistors, Sensistors.
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UNIT VI
Measurement of physical parameters force, pressure, velocity, humidity,
moisture, speed, proximity and displacement. Data acquisition systems.
TEXTBOOKS :
1. Electronic instrumentation, second edition - H.S.Kalsi, Tata McGraw
Hill, 2004.
2. Modern Electronic Instrumentation and Measurement Techniques –
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A.D. Helfrick and W.D. Cooper, PHI, 5th Edition, 2002.
REFERENCES :
1. Electronic Instrumentation & Measurements - David A. Bell, PHI, 2nd
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Edition, 2003.
2. Electronic Test Instruments, Analog and Digital Measurements -
Robert A.Witte, Pearson Education, 2nd Ed., 2004.
3. Electronic Measurements & Instrumentations by K. Lal Kishore,
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Pearson Education - 2005.
OUTCOMES
The student will be able to
• Select the instrument to be used based on the requirements.
•
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Understand and analyze different signal generators and analyzers.

• Understand the design of oscilloscopes for different applications.
• Design different transducers for measurement of different parameters.
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JNTU World
T P C
3+1 0 3
ELECTIVE – III
SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS
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UNIT I
INTRODUCTION : Origin of Satellite Communications, Historical Back-
ground, Basic Concepts of Satellite Communications, Frequency allocations
for Satellite Services, Applications, Future Trends of Satellite
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Communications.
UNIT II
ORBITAL MECHANICS AND LAUNCHERS: Orbital Mechanics, Look
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Angle determination, Orbital perturbations, Orbit determination, launches
and launch vehicles, Orbital effects in communication systems performance.
UNIT III
SATELLITE SUBSYSTEMS : Attitude and orbit control system, telemetry,
tracking, Command and monitoring, power systems, communication
subsystems, Satellite antenna Equipment reliability and Space qualification.
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UNIT IV
SATELLITE LINK DESIGN : Basic transmission theory, system noise
temperature and G/T ratio, Design of down links, up link design, Design of
satellite links for specified C/N, System design example.
MULTIPLE ACCESS: Frequency division multiple access (FDMA)
Intermodulation, Calculation of C/N. Time division Multiple Access
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(TDMA) Frame structure, Examples. Satellite Switched TDMA Onboard

processing, DAMA, Code Division Multiple access (CDMA),Spread
spectrum transmission and reception.
UNIT V
EARTH STATION TECHNOLOGY : Introduction, Transmitters,
Receivers, Antennas, Tracking systems, Terrestrial interface, Primary power
test methods.
LOW EARTH ORBIT AND GEO-STATIONARY SATELLITE
SYSTEMS: Orbit consideration, coverage and frequency considerations,
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Delay & Throughput considerations, System considerations, Operational

NGSO constellation Designs
UNIT VI
SATELLITE NAVIGATION & THE GLOBAL POSITIONING
SYSTEM [1] : Radio and Satellite Navigation, GPS Position Location
principles, GPS Receivers and codes, Satellite signal acquisition, GPS
Navigation Message, GPS signal levels, GPS receiver operation, GPS C/A
code accuracy, Differential GPS.
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TEXT BOOKS:
1. Satellite Communications – Timothy Pratt, Charles Bostian and Jeremy
Allnutt, WSE, Wiley Publications, 2nd Edition, 2003.
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2. Satellite Communications Engineering – Wilbur L. Pritchard, Robert A
Nelson and Henri G.Suyderhoud, 2nd Edition, Pearson Publications,
2003.
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REFERENCES :
1. Satellite Communications : Design Principles – M. Richharia, BS
Publications, 2nd Edition, 2003.
2. Satellite Communication - D.C Agarwal, Khanna Publications, 5th Ed.
3. Fundamentals of Satellite Communications – K.N. Raja Rao, PHI, 2004
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4. Satellite Communications – Dennis Roddy, McGraw Hill, 2nd Edition,

1996.
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JNTU World
Code No: RT42041 R13 Set No. 1
RT42041
IV B.Tech II Semester Regular Examinations, April/May - 2017
CELLULAR MOBILE COMMUNICATION
(Electronics and Communication Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 70
Question paper consists of Part-A and Part-B
Answer ALL sub questions from Part-A
Answer any THREE questions from Part-B
*****
PART–A (22 Marks)
1. a) Explain the concept of Cell splitting [3]
b) What is Co-channel Interference Reduction Factor [4]
c) Roof mounted antennas. [3]
d) Compare the Omni cells and sectorized cells [4]
e) What is the commonly used formula for interference limited system. [4]
f) What are main subsystems of GSM architecture? [4]
PART–B (3x16 = 48 Marks)
2. a) Describe the digital cellular land mobile systems and the limitations of AMPS
standard. [8]
b) During a busy hour the no. of calls per hour Qi for each 10 cells is 2000,1500,
3000, 500, 1000, 1200, 1800, 3200, 2600, 800. Assume that 60% of the car
phones will be used during this period and that one call is made per car phone.
Find the no. of customers in the system. [8]
3. a) Explain the effects of Antenna parameters in designing cellular system. [8]

b) Draw the setup for space diversity antennas used at cell site and explain how to [8]
design it.
4. a) Explain about High gain antennas [8]

b) Discuss about the minimum separation of cell site antennas? [8]
5. a) Write about fixed channel assignment schemes in detail. [10]

b) Explain about paging channels. [6]
6. a) Explain the following terms: i) Mobile Assisted Handoff ii) Soft Handoff
iii) Delaying Handoff iv) Cellsite Handoff [8]
b) What are the different factors that limit the size of splitting cells? [8]
7. a) Discuss some of the reservation based multiple access protocols for wireless
networks, with suitable illustrations. [8]
b) What are the channel types of GSM system? Explain [8]
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*****
PART–A (22 Marks)
1. a) What is the difference between long term and short term fading. [4]
b) Explain real time Co- Channel interference. [3]
c) Explain vertically oriented mobile antennas. [3]
d) What are the advantages of sectorized cells? [4]
e) Define the General formula for noise limited system. [4]
f) What are the channel types of GSM system? [4]
2. a) Differentiate the analog & digital cellular systems with their operating
capacities. [8]
b) Mention the two frequency reuse schemes and explain N-Cell reuse pattern
in detail for four & seven cell reuse with illustrative diagrams. [8]
3. a) Explain ground incident angle, elevation angle, ground reflection and

reflection point with respect to signal coverage. [8]
b) From the free space propagation model derive the equation for received power. [8]
4. a) Explain about Umbrella pattern antennas [8]

b) Explain space diversity antennas. [8]
5. a) Discuss the concept of frequency management concern to the numbering the

channels and grouping into the subset. [8]
b) Write the concept of the self location scheme at the mobile unit and the
autonomous registration. [8]
6. a) Explain how the handoffs implemented based on signal strength? [8]

b) Explain the following terms:
i) Forced Handoff ii) Hard Handoff iii) Delaying Handoff [8]
7. a) Discuss the salient features of FDMA and TDMA techniques. [8]

b) With suitable block diagram explain the GSM system. [8]
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IV B.Tech II Semester Regular Examinations, April/May – 2017
*****
PART–A (22 Marks)
1. a) What are the limitations of conventional mobile telephone system [3]
b) Explain the phase difference between direct and reflected paths [3]
c) Explain horizontally oriented mobile antennas. [4]
d) Explain about paging channels. [4]
e) Define Handoff. What are the different types of handoffs? [4]
f) What are the interfaces used in the GSM? [4]
2. a) Explain the significance of following cellular concepts in detail
i) Interference ii) System Capacity [8]
b) If the maximum no of calls per hour Qi in one cell be 5000 and an average
calling time T be 1.76 min. The blocking probability is 2%. Find the
offered load. If Qi is 30000. Find the offered load compare this with no. of
channels by using Erlang B model charts. [8]
3. a) Explain the designing of the directional antenna, for k=4, k=12 and k=7 with
all suitable values explaining each of them, consider a noise margin of 6dB. [8]
b) With neat sketch explain about Signal reflections in flat and hilly terrain. [8]
4. a) Draw the symmetrical difference pattern and compare it with symmetrical sum
pattern. [8]
b) Explain about Umbrella pattern antennas. [8]
5. a) What are the different techniques to utilize the frequency spectrum, give a brief
explanation? [8]
b) Explain in detail access channels and operational techniques. [8]
6. Write short notes on the following [16]

(a) Cell splitting
(b) Vehicle locating methods
(c) Dropped cell rate
7. a) Why CDMA is needed and explain it with an example? [8]
b) List the difference between TDMA/FDMA/CDMA. [8]
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*****
PART–A (22 Marks)
1. a) Explain the different parts of basic cellular system [3]
b) Define frequency reuse distance [3]
c) Draw the antenna equivalent circuit [4]
d) Explain about access channels. [4]
e) Define a dropped call rate and explain how it differ from blocked call? [4]
f) What is BCCH and CCCH? [4]
2. a) Explain delay spared, coherence bandwidth and amplifier noise in mobile radio
environment. [8]
b) Explain how co-channel interference is measured in real time mobile
radio transceivers. [8]
3. a) Explain about the co-channel interference reduction factor and derive the general [8]
formula for C/I.
b) Briefly explain about multiple knife edge diffraction. [8]
4. a) Explain Sum and difference patterns and their synthesis. [8]

b) Explain the role of directional antennas for interference reduction. [8]
5. a) What do you understand by non-fixed channel assignment? Describe the

corresponding algorithms. [8]
b) Explain about the Underlay-Overlay Arrangement. [8]
6. a) What are the different types of handoffs? Explain how to implement them? [8]
b) How the dropped call rate is related to the capacity and voice quality. [8]
7. a) Explain about the TDMA. [8]

b) With suitable block diagram explain the GSM system. [8]
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*****
PART–A (22 Marks)
1. a) Give a classification of voltmeters [4]
b) Distinguish between spectrum analyzer and harmonic distortion analyzer [4]
c) Explain The concept of Triggered Sweep CRO along with circuit diagram [3]
d) List out the different Limitations of Wheatstone’s Bridge in detail [4]
e) Draw the circuit diagram of Photo Transistor and explain its output
characteristics [3]
f) Explain the concept of Data acquisition systems in detail [4]
2. a) Explain the following terms in detail
(i) Accuracy (ii) Resolution (iii) Precision (iv) Expected value [8]
b) The following values are obtained from the measurements of the value of a
resistor:147.2 , 147.4 , 147.9 , 147.1 , 147.5 , 147.6 , 147.4 , 147.6 ,
147.5 . Calculate a) Arithmetic mean b) Average deviation c) Standard
Deviation [8]
3. a) What is AF oscillators and explain its operation along with circuit diagram. [8]
b) Draw the circuit diagram of Digital Fourier Analyzers and explain its operation. [8]
4. a) Explain the Measurement procedure of Lissajous patterns with one example [8]
b) Explain the principle and working of a storage oscilloscope.
[8]
5. a) Explain the operation of Maxwell’s Bridge and derive the condition for balance
of a Bridge. [8]
b) In the case of Hay's Bridge one arm has resistance of 10KΩ .Another arm has a
resistance of 6.7KΩ. The third arm 8KΩ in series with a capacitor of 0.5µF.
Determine the values of the elements Rx and Lx in the fourth arm. [8]

(i) Thermistors (ii) Sensistors. [8]
b) What is the difference between photo-emissive, photo-conductive and
photovoltaic transducers? [8]
7. a) With the help of a neat sketch explain the principle and working of
Electromagnetic Flow meter. What are the advantages and Limitations of this
Method? [8]
b) Briefly explain the working principles and measurement of force by any two
nonelectric techniques? [8]
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*****
PART–A (22 Marks)
1. a) Explain the procedure how to find Errors in Measurement with example [4]
b) List out the difference between fixed frequency and variable AF oscillator in
detail. [3]
c) Define deflection sensitivity of a CRT? [4]
d) Define Quality factor and give the expressions for the inductive and capacitive [4]
Quality factors.
e) Explain Primary and secondary Transducers [3]
f) Explain any one of the method for the measurement of humidity? [4]
(i) speed of response (ii) Fidelity (iii) Lag and Dynamic error. [8]
b) List out different AC voltmeters and explain the working of any one voltmeter in [8]
detail.
3. a) Draw the circuit diagram of Sweep generator and explain its operation in detail [8]
b) Define a wave analyzer and classify them. Explain the working of a Resonant
Wave Analyzer. [8]
4. a) Explain the concept of Storage oscilloscope along with circuit diagram [8]
b) Draw the circuit diagram of Sampling oscilloscope and explain its operation n
detail. [8]
5. a) Draw the circuit diagram of Schering’s Bridge and explain the operation of it. [8]
b) Explain the “parallel-connection” method of using Q-meter and Obtain the
expressions for resistance, reactance and Q factor. [8]
6. a) Derive the expression for Gauge factor of a strain Gauge. [8]

b) A Thermistor has a resistance of 3980 at the ice point(00 C) and 749 at 500
C. The resistance Temperature relationship is RT = aR0eb/T. Find the values of a [8]
and b. Calculate the resistance to be measured in case the temperature varies
from 400C to 1000C.
7. a) A Barium Titanate pickup has the dimensions of 5mmX5mmX1.25mm. The

acting force is 5N. The charge sensitivity of the material is 150pc/N and
permittivity is 12.5X10-9F/m. If the modulus of elasticity of material is
12X106N/m2, calculate the strain, charge and capacitance. [8]
b) What are the two types of anemometer available for liquid flow measurement?
Explain the principle and operation of Hotwire Anemometer. [8]
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*****
PART–A (22 Marks)
1. a) Draw the series type Ohmmeter and explain its operation [4]
b) Draw the Basic wave analyzer and explain its operation [4]
c) List out the different Futures of CRT in detail [3]
d) Derive the balance condition of Bridge. [4]
e) List out difference between active and passive transducer in detail [4]
f) Explain piezo electric effect. [3]

2. a) Two ammeters are joined in series in a circuit carrying 100 A. one ammeter has a
resistance of 10000 ohm shunted by 0.10 ohm while the other ammeter has a
resistance of 150 ohm shunted by 0.02ohm. if the shunts are interchanged what
would be the readings of the instruments? [8]
b) Draw the Sketch and explain the principle and operation of Thermocouple type
Ammeter. [8]
3. a) Explain the operation of Harmonic Distortion Analyzer. [8]

b) What is Heterodyning and explain the use of Heterodyning in spectrum analyzer
along with its circuit diagram. [8]
4. a) Draw the circuit diagram of Dual Trace oscilloscope and explain its operation in
detail. [8]
b) Explain various types of probes used for CRO. [8]
5. a) Draw the circuit of Wien Bridge and derive the expression for bridge balance. [8]
b) In the case of a Schering Bridge, arm Ac has R=4.7kΩ. Arm CD has unknown
elements. Arm BD has C=0.1µF Arm AB=4.7KΩ is shunt with 1MF. Determine
Values of components is the arm CD. [8]
6. a) What is Thermistor and explain its importance along with advantages of it [8]
b) Draw the Linear variable differential Transducer and explain its operation in
detail. [8]
7. a) Define Humidity and give a classification. Explain the procedure for the
measurement of humidity. [8]
b) Explain in detail about the stroboscope for the measurement of speed. [8]
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*****
PART–A (22 Marks)
1. a) Define and derive static and Dynamic error [4]
b) Explain the concept of Digital Fourier Analyzer in detail [4]
c) Explain the basic principal of CRO in detail [3]
d) List out the different Precautions to be taken when using a Bridge with one
example [4]
e) Explain the different Advantages of Electrical Transducers in detail [4]
f) How does pirani gauge differ from thermocouple gauge in operating principle [3]

2. a) List out different DC voltmeters and explain any one voltmeter in detail [8]
b) A Voltmeter having a sensitivity of 30k/V reads 80V on a 100V scale, when
connected across an unknown resistor. The current through the resistor is 2mA.
Calculate the % of error due to loading effect. [8]
3. a) Draw the block diagram of a signal generator and explain its operation. [8]
b) Explain the concept of Wien’s Bridge method of Harmonic Distortion Analyzer
along with circuit diagram. [8]
4. a) Explain the Vertical amplifier section of CRT along with Block diagram. [8]
b) An electrically deflected CRT has a final Anode voltage of 2000V and parallel [8]
deflecting plates of 1.5cm long and 5mm apart. If the screen is 50cm from the
centre of the deflecting plates, Find a) Beam speed b) Deflection sensitivity of
the tube and c) Deflection factor of the tube.
5. a) Draw the Anderson Bridge and derive the expression for the unknown
inductance. What are the salient features of this bridge circuit? [8]
b) Quantitatively explain about a bridge which is used for the measurement of the
High Quality factor values. [8]
6. a) Explain the Resistive position Transducer along with circuit diagram. [8]
b) List out different types of Strain Gauges used Transducer and explain any one in [8]
detail.
7. a) Define moisture and explain a method to measure it. [8]

b) Explain the working principle of an accelerometer. [8]
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Code No: RT42043A R13 Set No. 1
SATELLITE COMMUNICATION
*****
PART– A (22 Marks)
1. a) List the applications of satellites [4]
b) Write short notes on orbital perturbations. [3]
c) Write short notes on satellite antennas. [3]
d) Describe the basic principle of DAMA. [4]
e) Explain the delay and throughput considerations of MEO satellites. [4]
f) Write short notes on GPS receiver operation. [4]
PART– B (3x16 = 48 Marks)

2. a) Draw the block diagram for satellite communication system. Explain the function
of each block. [8]
b) Explain the various frequency band allocations used for satellite services [8]
3. a) What are two approaches used for equipment reliability in the event of failure of
communication capacity of the satellite? Explain [8]
b) What are look angles? How do you determine? Explain with the help of neat
diagrams [8]
4. a) Explain the working of telemetry, tracking, Command and monitoring sub

system of a spacecraft. [8]
b) Draw the block diagram of typical onboard control system for a spinner satellite
and explain its operation. [8]
5. a) Discuss various modulation and multiplexing techniques used with satellite links [8]
b) Explain the design procedure of satellite communication link. [8]
6. a) What is meant by sun sync orbit? Explain. [8]

b) Explain the general aspects of coverage and frequency considerations of low
earth orbit. [8]
7. a) Explain in detail GPS Position Location principles. [8]

b) Compare GPS and differential GPS. [8]
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*****
1. a) Discuss the satellite development in India [4]
b) What are the various forces acting on the satellite in the orbit? Explain with
necessary expressions. [3]
c) Write short notes on equipment reliability in a satellite system. [3]
d) What is intermodulation in FDMA? [4]
e) Describe the system design considerations of GEO satellites. [4]
f) Write short notes on GPS codes. [4]
2. a) Explain the functions of space segment and ground segment of a satellite system. [8]
b) What is an Eclipse? How it affects the satellite function? Explain the way by
which the satellite functions normally. [8]
3. a) Explain as to how a satellite is placed into geostationary orbit from earth? [8]
b) Discuss the procedure for launches and launch vehicles for spacecrafts. [8]
4. a) Write a short note on Telemetry and Tracking. [8]

b) Explain the communication sub-system for the spacecraft. [8]
5. a) Define G/ T ratio and give its importance in satellite communication. [8]

b) What is the first multiple access technique used in satellite communication
systems? Explain in detail. [8]
6. a) Compare LEO and GEO satellites. [8]

b) Define a Geostationary satellite and explain the frequency considerations for the
same. [8]
7. a) Define the following: i) C/A code ii) Selective availability [8]

b) Describe the various sources of errors of a GPS signal. [8]
1 of 1
|''|''|||''|'''|||'|
*****
1. a) Define Keplers laws and list the orbital elements of a satellite [4]
b) A satellite is in an elliptical orbit with a perigee of 1000km and an apogee of
4000km. find the period of the orbit and eccentricity of the orbit. [3]
c) Write short notes on the power systems used in the spacecraft. [3]
d) Derive the expression for link equation. [4]
e) Explain the coverage considerations of GEO satellites. [4]
f) Describe the applications of GPS. [4]

2. a) Define the following terms: i) Time of perigee ii) First point of Aries
iii) Mean Anomaly iv) Right Ascension [8]
b) Explain the basic differences between an Active and passive satellites. [8]
3. a) What are the different launch vehicle selection factors? Explain [8]
b) Draw and explain the simplified single conversion transponder (bent pipe) for
6/4 GHz band [8]
4. a) Discuss in detail Altitude and orbit control system for a spacecraft. [8]
b) What are the four main types of antennas used in satellites? Explain any two with
neat diagrams [8]
5. a) Derive the power received from the satellite at the earth station from the basic
transmission theory. [8]
b) Explain in detail about the Time division Multiple Access (TDMA) Frame
structure. [8]
6. a) Explain briefly about the transmitters and receivers used in satellite earth station? [8]
b) What are different satellite constellation designs? Explain any two of them. [8]
7. a) Write notes on GPS Navigation Message and GPS signal levels. [8]
b) Write short notes on GPS Receivers and codes. [8]
1 of 1
|''|''|||''|'''|||'|
*****
1. a) Explain the brief history of Satellite communications. [4]
b) Explain the different orbital effects in satellite communication system
performance. [3]
c) Explain the orbit control system for a spacecraft. [3]
d) Derive the expression for system noise temperature in a satellite receiver. [4]
e) With a neat diagram explain the various functions of earth station tracking
system. [4]
f) Describe the various sources of errors of a GPS signal. [4]
2. a) List the various frequency bands being used in satellite communication.
Compare the advantages and disadvantages of different bands considering
the effects of propagation media. [16]
3. a) Discuss the factors which determine the choice of orbit for a communication
satellite. [8]
b) Define elevation angle and derive the expression for it. [8]
4. a) With the help of a neat diagram, explain the functions of TTC&M system. [8]
b) Explain the operation of a 14/11 GHz transponder with a neat diagram. [8]
5. a) Compare FDMA, TDMA and CDMA techniques [8]

b) Write short notes on the Low noise amplifier used in the receiver of an earth
station [8]
6. a) Define a Geostationary satellite and explain the frequency considerations for the
same. [8]
b) Write notes on Delay & Throughput considerations for a geo stationary satellite. [8]
7. a) Explain the working of a Differential GPS. [8]

b) What are the different segments in GPS configuration? Explain. [8]
1 of 1
|''|''|||''|'''|||'|
(Common to Electronics & Communication Engineering, Electronics & Instumentation
Engineering and Electronics & Computer Engineering)
*****
PART–A (22 Marks)
1. a) Write the advantages of sensor networks [4]
b) Define node and draw PANs topology. [4]
c) Write other MAC protocols. [4]
d) How does adhoc network differ from wireless networks? Define. [4]
e) What is the function of transport layer? [3]
f) Write the Smart metering applications [3]

2. a) Explain the need for Gateways and write about Wireless Sensor Network
tunneling. [8]
b) Explain in detail main sensor node hardware components with neat diagram. [8]
3. a) Discuss the design considerations of physical layer and transceiver. [8]

b) Explain hidden node and exposed node problem. [8]
4. a) With relevant examples explain any two MAC layer protocols in Wireless Sensor
Networks [8]
b) What are the Design goals of a MAC Protocol for Ad Hoc Wireless Networks? [8]
5. a) Explain the difference between Proactive routing protocols and Reactive routing
protocols. [8]
b) Give the classification of routing protocol based on routing topology [8]
6. a) Explain the transport layer protocols in detail. [8]

b) Explain in brief about the Issues in Designing a Transport Layer Protocol for Ad
Hoc Wireless Networks? [8]
7. a) Write short notes on Home automation [8]

b) Write short notes on Programming challenges in sensor network [8]
1 of 1
||''|''||''||''''''|
*****
PART–A (22 Marks)
1. a) write the merits and demerits of Sensor Networks [4]
b) What are the difference between sensor network and MANET? [4]
c) List out the applications of wireless sensor networks. [4]
d) Define routing protocol. [3]
e) Write about security protocol. [4]
f) Write the Future directions of WSN [3]

2. a) Define wireless Sensor network? Explain in brief about the challenges in
designing a wireless Sensor network [8]
b) Write about optimization goal and Figure of Merit [8]
3. a) Explain in detail about the different types of MANET routing Algorithms [8]
b) Compare the topologies of PANs and WANETs. [8]
4. a) What is the principle behind scheduled based protocol? Explain any one schedule
based protocol. [8]
b) What are the different Contention based protocols, write about CSMA Protocol. [8]
5. a) Describe about various types of hybrid routing protocols. [8]

b) Explain in brief about the Issues in Designing a Routing Protocol for Ad Hoc
Wireless Networks [8]
6. a) Explain TCP over Ad Hoc wireless networks in detail.. [8]

b) What is the design Goals of a Transport Layer Protocol for Ad Hoc Wireless
Networks? [8]
7. a) Write short notes on State-centric programming [8]

b) Write short notes on Wireless fidelity systems [8]
1 of 1
||''|''||''||''''''|
*****
PART–A (22 Marks)
1. a) Define the sensor networks. [3]
b) What are the applications needed in a MANET? [4]
c) Write about MAC protocols. [4]
d) Write about adhoc wireless networks. [3]
e) the classification of transport layer [4]
f) Write the applications of wireless sensor networks [4]

2. a) Discuss in detail about the energy consumption of Sensor Nodes. [8]
b) Write about the enabling technologies for wireless sensor networks. [8]
3. a) Explain in detail trans-receiver design considerations of WSNS [8]

b) Write in detail about PAN and MANETS. [8]
4. a) Discuss different types of MAC protocols. [8]

b) Discuss about the Contention Based MAC Protocols with Scheduling
Mechanisms. [8]
5. a) Discuss about hierarchical routing protocols. [8]

b) Discuss about efficient flooding routing protocols. [8]
6. a) Explain what are the other transport layer protocol for AdHoc wireless networks. [8]
b) What are the challenges in transport layer for AdHoc networks? [8]
7. a) Describe the Berkeley Motes in detail. [8]

b) What is the key management and give various key management approaches [8]
1 of 1
||''|''||''||''''''|
*****
PART–A (22 Marks)
1. a) Write different types of applications, Wireless sensor networks are used? [4]
b) What is mobile ad-hoc network? [3]
c) Differentiate between contention based protocols and schedule based protocols. [4]
d) Classify routing protocols. [4]
e) What is TCP? [3]
f) Write the Applications of ultra wide band radio communication [4]

2. a) Describe the single node architecture with appropriate diagram. [8]
b) Draw and explain sensor network architecture. [8]
3. a) Explain in detail personal area networks (PANs). [8]

b) Write about the topologies of MANETs and WANETs. [8]
4. a) Explain the issues in Designing a MAC protocol for Ad Hoc Wireless Networks. [8]
b) Write about the MAC protocol that uses Directional Antennas [8]
5. a) Write about power-Aware routing protocols, proactive routing. [8]

b) Differentiate between Table–Driven Routing Protocols and On–Demand Routing
Protocols? [8]
6. a) What is a transport layer? How to Classify Transport Layer Solutions? [8]

b) Explain in brief about Security in Ad Hoc Wireless Networks? [8]
7. a) Describe the attacks in Network Security [8]

b) Write short notes on Node level simulators [8]
1 of 1
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Electronics & Communication Engineering 183

WIRELESS SENSORS AND NETWORKS

networks (PANs), hidden node and exposed node problem, Topologies of

with reservation Mechanisms, Contention – Based MAC Protocols with

Electronics & Communication Engineering 184

2. Wireless Ad- hoc and Sensor Networks: Protocols, Performance and

1. . Kazem Sohraby, Daniel Minoli, & Taieb Znati, “Wireless Sensor

Electronics & Communication Engineering 169

CELL SITE AND MOBILE ANTENNAS : Sum and difference patterns

Electronics & Communication Engineering 170

3. Wireless Communication and Networking – Jon W. Mark and Weihua

Electronics & Communication Engineering 171

Oscilloscopes CRT features, vertical amplifiers, horizontal deflection system,

Electronics & Communication Engineering 172

Understand and analyze different signal generators and analyzers.

Electronics & Communication Engineering 173

(TDMA) Frame structure, Examples. Satellite Switched TDMA Onboard

Electronics & Communication Engineering 174

Delay & Throughput considerations, System considerations, Operational

4. Satellite Communications – Dennis Roddy, McGraw Hill, 2nd Edition,

3. a) Explain the effects of Antenna parameters in designing cellular system. [8]

4. a) Explain about High gain antennas [8]

5. a) Write about fixed channel assignment schemes in detail. [10]

3. a) Explain ground incident angle, elevation angle, ground reflection and

4. a) Explain about Umbrella pattern antennas [8]

5. a) Discuss the concept of frequency management concern to the numbering the

6. a) Explain how the handoffs implemented based on signal strength? [8]

7. a) Discuss the salient features of FDMA and TDMA techniques. [8]

6. Write short notes on the following [16]

4. a) Explain Sum and difference patterns and their synthesis. [8]

5. a) What do you understand by non-fixed channel assignment? Describe the

7. a) Explain about the TDMA. [8]

6. a) Explain the following terms in detail

6. a) Derive the expression for Gauge factor of a strain Gauge. [8]

7. a) A Barium Titanate pickup has the dimensions of 5mmX5mmX1.25mm. The

PART–B (3x16 = 48 Marks)

3. a) Explain the operation of Harmonic Distortion Analyzer. [8]

PART–B (3x16 = 48 Marks)

7. a) Define moisture and explain a method to measure it. [8]

PART– B (3x16 = 48 Marks)

4. a) Explain the working of telemetry, tracking, Command and monitoring sub

6. a) What is meant by sun sync orbit? Explain. [8]

7. a) Explain in detail GPS Position Location principles. [8]

4. a) Write a short note on Telemetry and Tracking. [8]

5. a) Define G/ T ratio and give its importance in satellite communication. [8]

6. a) Compare LEO and GEO satellites. [8]

7. a) Define the following: i) C/A code ii) Selective availability [8]

PART– B (3x16 = 48 Marks)

5. a) Compare FDMA, TDMA and CDMA techniques [8]

7. a) Explain the working of a Differential GPS. [8]

PART–B (3x16 = 48 Marks)

3. a) Discuss the design considerations of physical layer and transceiver. [8]

6. a) Explain the transport layer protocols in detail. [8]

7. a) Write short notes on Home automation [8]

PART–B (3x16 = 48 Marks)

5. a) Describe about various types of hybrid routing protocols. [8]

6. a) Explain TCP over Ad Hoc wireless networks in detail.. [8]

7. a) Write short notes on State-centric programming [8]

PART–B (3x16 = 48 Marks)

3. a) Explain in detail trans-receiver design considerations of WSNS [8]

4. a) Discuss different types of MAC protocols. [8]

5. a) Discuss about hierarchical routing protocols. [8]

7. a) Describe the Berkeley Motes in detail. [8]

Syllabus & Previous Papers

Syllabus & Previous Papers