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CONTEÚDO
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Ano de constituição: 1904 Funke-Dr.N.Gerber Labortechnik GmbH
Gerente: Ringstraße 42
Eng.º Konrad Schäfer 12105 Berlin
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Dipl. oec. Georg Hörnle Fax: (+49-30) 702 006-66
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ÂMBITO DE APLICAÇÃO
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PRODUTOS QUÍMICOS NECESSÁRIOS
&# ÜY_Zeikb\h_Ye">(IE*
CdiVh/
A densidade necessária corresponde a 90 até 91 % em massa. Devem ser evitadas
concentrações mais elevadas ou reduzidas. O ácido sulfúrico mais concentrado
ataca, aos 65 °C, o álcool amílico e forma olefinas através da desidratação, o
que influencia os resultados. Concentrações mais reduzidas baixam a acção de
oxidação. A destruição do invólucro das esferas de gordura é incompleta e poderá
haver a formação de grumos.
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eVgVVYZiZgb^cVdYdiZdgWji^gdhdhZ\jcYd<ZgWZg
Mistura de isómeros 2-metilbutan-1-ol e 3-metilbutan-1-ol
CdiVh/
• Os álcoois amílicos isómeros possuem pontos de ebulição diferentes,
2-metilbutan-1-ol 128 °C e 3-metilbutan-1-ol 132 °C.
• Apenas esta mistura entre os 8 álcoois amílicos isômeros conhecidos
é adequada para o método Gerber.
• As contaminações com os outros álcoois amílicos isómeros, em especial com
o álcool amílico terciário 2-metilbutan-2-ol alteram os resultados das análises.
É detectado um teor butiroso demasiado elevado.
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EQUIPAMENTOS NECESSÁRIOS
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PREPARAÇÃ O DA AMOSTRA
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ZZmVjhi^kVbZciZVigVkhYZk^gV\Zch#6hh^b!YZkZg"hZdWiZgjbVY^hig^Wj^d]dbd"
\cZVYV\dgYjgV!Zk^iVcYd"hZ!XdcijYd!V[dgbVdYZZhejbVZbVc^[ZhiVZhYZ
[dgbVdYZbVciZ^\V#
A gordura do leite é mais leve que a água. Quando parada forma natas. À superfície
forma-se uma camada mais rica em gordura. Através da mistura e viragem cuidadosa
é possível restabelecer o antigo estado de distribuição.
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d aZ^iZYZkZhZgVfjZX^YdV (*Vi )%8V\^iVcYdXj^YVYdhVbZciZ!VihZgdWi^YVV
Y^hig^Wj^d]dbd\cZVYV\dgYjgV#:bhZ\j^YVZVciZhYVe^eZiV\Zb!daZ^iZYZkZ
hZgVggZ[ZX^YdeVgV'%8#
A espuma quebra o invólucro das esferas de gordura. Durante a mistura, poderão ocor-
rer manifestações de formação de manteiga. Assim, a gordura já não se deixa distribuir
uniformemente. A 35 até 40°C, a gordura se liquefaz. A distribuição é mais rápida.
8Vi{ad\dYZaVWdgVig^deVgVVc{a^hZhYZaZ^iZ &*
EXECUÇÃO DA ANÁLISE = PRESCRIÇÃO DE TRABALHO
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'# D [gVhXd YZ VbdhigV YZkZ hZg V\^iVYd Xj^YVYdhVbZciZ igh V
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hja[g^Xd#EVgViVa!VedciVYVe^eZiVYZaZ^iZZcXdhiVYVdbV^h
egd[jcYVbZciZedhhkZacVWdgYVYdWji^gbZigdZdaZ^iZXdad"
XVYdZbXVbVYVhdWgZd{X^Ydhja[g^Xd#Ò\#'
Durante a introdução do método de Gerber eram introduzidos 11,0 ml de leite.
Através da redução da quantidade de leite para 10,75 ml, o teor butiroso cor-
responde melhor aos resultados do método de referência. Em caso do pes-
coço do butirómetro ficar molhado com leite poderão ficar retidos resíduos.
Um sinal de uma boa formação de camada é a linha de delimitação nítida
entre ácido e leite sem margem acastanhada.
(# wVea^XVYd&baYZ{aXddaVba^XdhdWgZdaZ^iZVigVkhYVidgcZ^gV
YZbZY^ddje^eZiV#
Devido à baixa densidade do álcool amílico não haverá mistura dos
;^\#& 9jgVciZV^cigdYjdYd{X^Ydhja[g^XdYZkZbhZg líquidos.
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)# HZbb^hijgVgdhafj^Ydh!dWji^gbZigd[ZX]VYdXdbVgda]V#
Por regra, a parte inferior da rolha mergulha no líquido.
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ZbWVc]d"bVg^VVfjZX^YdV+*8#Ò\#*
O cumprimento da temperatura é especialmente importante para a exacti-
dão dos resultados. Apenas a leitura a 65 °C garante um resultado exacto.
Caso a temperatura seja inferior, o volume da coluna de gordura diminui.
É apresentado um teor butiroso demasiado baixo. ;^\#+ 8dbdVjma^dYVa}beVYVYZXdchjaiVYZhZ\jgVcV!
dhkVadgZhYZbZY^dedYZbhZgXdchjaiVYdhXdb
hZ\jgVcVZegZX^hd
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RESULTADO DE MEDIÇÃO E PRECISÃO
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WV^mdYdbZc^hXd#HZVaZ^ijgVYZbdgVgbj^id!dWji^gbZigdiZbYZhZgXdadXVYd
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:mZbead/
• Após a primeira centrifugação, leu-se para a amostra dupla 3,55 % e 3,60 %.
• Após a segunda centrifugação 3,60 % e 3,65 %. Como resultado do teor butiroso do leite
homogeneizado é indicado 3,65 %.
• Se, após as duas últimas repetições, isto é, após a 3ª e 4ª centrifugações ainda
continuar a haver uma diferença superior a 0,05 %, o resultado desta determinação deve
ser rejeitado.
8Vi{ad\dYZaVWdgVig^deVgVVc{a^hZhYZaZ^iZ &.
DETERMINAÇÃO DO TEOR BUTIROSO
DE DIVERSOS PRODUTOS LÁCTEOS
PREFÁCIO: A determinação do teor butiroso no leite era e é em número cada vez mais cre-
scente substituída por outras análises de rotina (através de aparelhos como,
p.ex. LactoStar). No entanto, com estes aparelhos os produtos lácteos como,
p.ex. queijo, gelado, etc. não podem ser medidos ou apenas o podem ser at-
ravés de preparativos de amostra dispendiosos. Em produtos deste género, os
processos butirométricos continuam sendo uma boa alternativa para a análise
de rotina.
2.0 VOLUMES
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3.5 ... EM SORO DE MANTEIGA (MODIFICAÇÃO SEGUNDO MOHR E BAUR)
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VfjZX^bZcidV+*8 $"'8#IZdgWji^gdhd2kVadga^Ydm&!%,*#
8Vi{ad\dYZaVWdgVig^deVgVVc{a^hZhYZaZ^iZ '&
3.10 ... EM QUEIJO SEGUNDO VAN GULIK (MÉTODO DE PESAGEM)
(consultar ISO 3433) Utilização de butirómetro de queijo segundo van Gulik.
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3.14 ... EM MAIONESE SEGUNDO ROEDER (MÉTODO DE PESAGEM)
Utilização de butirómetro de manteiga segundo Roeder.
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b^hijgVYV Z '% ba YZ {X^Yd hja[g^Xd# V fjVci^YVYZ Kjeldahl (art. n.o: 4230/4231). Se o procedimento é realizado com tabletes,
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b^hijgVYdXj^YVYdhVbZciZ#CdVeVgVidYZhdajW^a^oVd O ácido sulfúrico é adicionado de forma tal que resíduos de solução de sulfato
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assegurar que não se formou nenhum líquido de condensação no dispositivo
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igVdYZXdadgVdgdhVVeVgZV#DkdajbZYZ{X^YdXadg" O fundo neutro melhora a precisão e reprodutibilidade dos
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