Answers

2. (a) Purple
Chapter 1 Cell as a Unit of Life (b) Only a little of water around the
(b) Carbon + Water Sunlight
→ Glucose + Oxygen
dioxide Chlorophyll
purple crystal is purple.
(c) Chlorophyll
1.1 Understanding Cells (c) The purple color is light and not so
(d) Use iodine to test for the presence
uniformly spread all over the beaker.
1. (a) Eye piece of starch (Glucose is stored in the
(d) The purple color is darker and form of starch).
(b) Coarse focus knob
uniformly spread all over the
(c) Fine focus knob 2. (a) Starch is formed all over leaf A and
beaker.
(d) Objective lens only in the central part of leaf B.
(e) The water in beaker P is cooler
(e) Diaphragm (b) Photosynthesis took place throughout
than beaker Q.
(f) Mirror the whole of leaf A. Photosynthesis
(f) The higher the temperature, the took place at the centre of leaf B.
2. (a) 6 (c) 2 (e) 8 (g) 7
faster the rate of diffusion. (c) The presence of chlorophyll
(b) 5 (d) 4 (f) 3 (h) 1
3. (a) Hypertonic solution is one of the (d) Leaf B is a variegated leaf.
3. (a) Cell membrane
two solutions that has a higher
(b) Cytoplasm
concentration of a solute. 3. (a) A : Photosynthesis, as carbon dioxide
(c) Nucleus in the air is taken in by plants while
(b) Hypotonic solution is one of the
(d) Vacuole oxygen is released into the air.
two solutions that has a lower
(e) Cell membrane B : Respiration, where oxygen
concentration of a solute.
(f) Cell wall in the air is used and carbon
(c) Isotonic solution are two solutions
(g) Nucleus dioxide is released by plants,
that have the same concentration of
(h) Chloroplast animals and man.
a solute.
(i) Cytoplasm C : Decomposition, which uses
4. (a) roots (d) osmosis
4. (a) cell (d) membrane oxygen and releases carbon
(b) low (e) high
(b) protoplasm (e) processes dioxide. It occurs when plants,
(c) permeable
(c) nucleus animals and man die.
5. (a) (i) Usually smaller Enrichment Exercises D : Combustion, which is the
(ii) Usually bigger burning of fuels and it uses
Objective Questions oxygen from the air and releases
(b) (i) Irregular shape
carbon dioxide.
(ii) Regular shape 1. B 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. B
(c) (i) Absent (ii) Present 6. B 7. D 8. D 9. B 10. C (b) Respiration, decomposition and
(d) (i) Absent (ii) Present 11. A 12. D 13. C 14. A 15. B combustion all make use of oxygen
(e) (i) Usually absent from the air and release carbon
16. C
(ii) Present dioxide. Photosynthesis, however,
6. (a) B (d) A Subjective Questions uses up carbon dioxide from the air
(b) E (e) C and releases oxygen. Therefore,
1. (a) (i) Cell membrane photosynthesis helps to maintain
(c) D (f) F (ii) Nucleus the amount of oxygen and carbon
(iii) Cytoplasm dioxide in the air, thus maintaining a
Unicellular and Multicellular (b) P
1.2 balanced ecosystem.
Organisms (c) (i) Controls all cell activities
1. (a) (i) unicellular (ii) Contains genetic materials 2.2 Transport System in Plants
(ii) microorganisms (d) (i) Plant cells have chloroplasts
(b) multicellular but animal cells do not have. 1. (a) The plants lost a huge amount of
(c) (i) Multicellular (ii) unicellular (ii) Plant cells have cell walls but water.
animal cells do not have. (b) Provide the plants with plenty of
2. Unicellular organisms: water.
Bacteria, yeast, Pleurococcus, 2. (a) (i) Cell Y
Paramecium, Euglena (ii) Cell X 2. (a) The liquid changes the color of the
Multicellular organisms: (b) (i) The concentrated salt solution blue cobalt paper red.
Earthworm, Hydra, Spirogyra, Mucor, caused water to leave the (b) Water evaporated from the leaves in
cell by osmosis. The cell set P. There is no leaves in set Q.
moss
lost pressure and its plasma (c) (i) Transpiration
3. (a) Pleurococcus (ii) • To lift water and minerals
(b) Yeast membrane shrank from its cell
from the roots to the leaves
(c) Chlamydomonas wall.
• To cool the plant
(d) Euglena (ii) By placing it in distilled water
3. (a) (i) Stomata
4. (a) Spirogyra (ii) Guard cell
(b) Hydra Chapter 2 Plants (b) To control the size of the stomata
(c) Mucor (c) When a plant contains plenty of
water, the pressure inside the guard
2.1 Photosynthesis
1.3 Diffusion and Osmosis in Cells cells rises and the stomata will
1. (a) Photosynthesis is the process by open. However, when guard cells
1. (a) True (d) True which green plants make starch lose water, the pressure inside the
(b) False (e) False using carbon dioxide and water with guard cells falls and the stomata
(c) False (f) True the help of sunlight and chlorophyll. will close.

ANS e-MAS Science M1 2P.indd 1 2/14/11 9:58:07 AM

 (d) Open stomata allows more
transpiration, closed stomata slows
down transpiration.
4. (a) (i) Phloem light
(ii) Cambium (h) Short; Long
(iii) Xylem
(b) (i) To transport manufactured food
from the leaves to the other
parts of the plant
(ii) To transport water and
dissolved mineral salts from the
roots to the leaves and stem
(c) (i) A dead structure
(ii) It is strengthened by lignin
deposits
Sexual Reproductive System of
2.3
Flowering Plants
1. (a) Anther (e) Stigma
(b) Filament (f) Style
(c) Petal (g) Ovary
(d) Sepal (h) Ovule
2. (a) pollen grains (h) ovules
(b) anther (i) male
(c) flower (j) female
(d) scented, colored
(e) male (c) Diffused and in all directions
(f) female
(g) pollen grains
3. (a) Stamen (e) Ovary
(b) Pistil (f) Pollen grains
(c) Anther (g) Ovule
(d) Style
2.4 Pollination
1. (a) Pollination is the transfer of pollen
grains from the anther to the stigma
for the fusion of the male and
female gametes to take place.
(b) (i) Self-pollination – Transfer of
pollen grains from the anther to
the stigma of the same flower
or different flowers in the same
plant.
(ii) Cross-pollination – Transfer of
pollen grains from the anther to
the stigma of different plants.
(c) Pollinating agents are either insects
or winds that help to pollinate the
flowers.
2. (a) (i) Two (c) agriculture
(ii) One
(b) (i) Healthy and resistant to the
environmental changes
(ii) Weak and not resistant to the
enviromental changes
(c) (i) More
(ii) Less
3. (a) Big; Small
(b) Brightly colored; Dull colored
(c) Produce nectar; Does not produce
nectar
(d) Scented; Not scented
(e) Sticky, does not protrude; Not
sticky, exposed to the environment
ANS e-MAS Science M1 2P.indd 2
(f) Short filament with small anther;
Long filament with big anther
(g) A little and sticky; A lot, small and
2.5 Development of Fruits and Seeds
in Plants
1. (a) Vegetative nucleus
(b) Generative nucleus
(c) Pollen tube
(d) Vegetative nucleus
2. (a) Pollen grain
Pollen tube
Male gametes
(b) P, S, U, T, Q, R
(c) (i) Fruits, seeds
(ii) fruit
(iii) seed
(iv) wither, fall off
2.6 Germination of Seeds
1. (a) Micropyle
(b) Radicle
(c) Plumule
(d) Cotyledon
(e) Testa
2. (a) (i) (d) (iv)
(b) (v) (e) (ii)
(c) (iii)
3. (a) Epigeal germination
(b) Rambutan and jackfruit
(c) Presence of water, oxygen and
suitable temperature
(d) The temperature in the refrigerator
is too low for the seed to germinate.
4. (a) splits, radicle; splits, radicle
(b) Radicle, adventitious; Hypocotyl,
root hairs
(c) Plumule; Hypocotyl, cotyledons
(d) Foliage leaves; Foliage leaves,
cotyledon
2.7 Application of Vegetative
Reproduction in Flowering Plants
1. Vegetative reproduction does not involve
the formation of seeds but involves the
development of the vegetative parts into
a new plant.
2. (a) Type: Rhizome
Examples: Ginger, canna
(b) Type: Leaf
Examples: Bryophyllum, aloe vera
(c) Type: Runner
Examples: Strawberry, sweet potato
(d) Type: Bulb
Examples: Garlic, onion
(e) Type: Corm
Examples: Yam, water chestnut
(f) Type: Tuber
Examples: Potato, dahlia
3. (a) (i) A relatively quick way to
reproduce
(ii) No pollination agents or
other plants are needed for
reproduction
(b) (i) Competition for resources such
as water and sunlight is greater
as the offspring and its parents
are close by
(ii) Not able to adapt if the
conditions of the environment
change
2.8 Stimuli and Responses in Plants
1. (a) Both respond to external stimuli. Only
certain parts of the plant respond.
(b) Directional
(d) A growth movement occur only in
the growing shoots or roots
(e) Not a growth movement, can occur
at any time in the life of a plant.
2. (a) Light
(b) Phototropism
(c) Gravity
(d) The root grows towards gravity
while the shoot grows away from it.
(e) To obtain water and minerals
(f) Hydrotropism
(g) The root grows towards water.
(h) Thigmotropism
(i) To obtain support
3. (a) To ensure that no sunlight can reach
the plants except through the hole
(b) Hydrotropism and phototropism
(c) To absorb moisture
(d) (i) Root
(ii) Shoot
2.9 Biotechnology
1. (a) new
(b) transferred
(d) bacteria
(e) defective
2. (a) Agriculture
(b) Medical
(c) Medical
(d) Food technology
(e) Manufacturing
3. (a) They are afraid that they may
develop allergies.
(b) They are afraid that a super weed
may be produced that will upset the
balance in nature.
(c) It raises moral and ethical questions
that are difficult to study.
2/14/11 9:58:09 AM
 (d) This will help to improve the (iii) Added
(b) Category Example
nutritional levels of the world’s poor. (d) (i) Condensation
(e) These can be used for transplants. Solid Ice (ii) Gas to liquid
Liquid Water (iii) Removed
Enrichment Exercises
Gas Oxygen (e) (i) Freezing
Objective Questions (ii) Liquid to solid
2. Category Property (iii) Removed
1. C 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. B (e) (i) Sublimation
6. D 7. A 8. B 9. D 10. B Solution • Particles size: less (ii) Solid to gas
11. A 12. D 13. D 14. A 15. D than 1 nm in diameter (iii) Added
16. C 17. A 18. A 19. C 20. A • Usually it is clear
Enrichment Exercises
Colloid • Particles size:
Subjective Questions
between 1 nm to Objective Questions
1. (a) Light 1000 nm in diameter
(b) Photosynthesis occurs in the • Usually it is cloudy 1. A 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. D
presence of light. 6. A 7. C 8. B 9. C 10. C
Suspension • Particles size: more
(c) (i) The presence of light 11. A 12. D 13. C 14. B 15. A
than 1000 nm in
(ii) The presence of starch in the diameter 16. A
leaf • Usually it will settle
(iii) The time of exposure to the Subjective Questions
out on standing
Sun
1. (a) Diffusion occurs faster in liquids
(d) Test the leaf with iodine solution. If
3.2 States of Matter compared to solids.
it turns blue black, starch is present,
(b) (i) Volume of media used
showing that photosynthesis has 1. (a) Liquid (e) Mercury and quantity of potassium
taken place. (b) Gas (f) Petrol permanganate(VII) used
(e) The part of the leaf that is covered (c) Sugar (g) Air (ii) Type of media
with black paper does not show the (d) Table (h) Carbon dioxide (iii) Time taken for color of
presence of starch while the part of 2. (a) Further apart and not orderly potassium permanganate(VII)
the leaf that is not covered shows arranged to spread all over the test
the presence of starch. (b) Far apart and not orderly arranged tubes
2. (a) (i) Xylem (c) Moderate (c) Solids have smaller spaces
(ii) Phloem (d) Very big between their particles compared to
(b) (i) To transport water and (e) Vibrate about their fixed positions liquids. That is why the particles of
minerals from the roots to the (f) Move very freely and in random potassium permanganate(VII) take
leaves directions at very high speeds a longer time to diffuse in solids
(ii) To transport food from the (g) Very strong compared to liquids.
leaves to other parts of the (h) Moderately strong (d) It is purple in color and the diffusion
plant (i) Low process is easily observed as the
(c) Water is pulled up through xylem (j) High purple color spreads.
due to transpiration. 3. (a) matter 2. (a) (i) Solid
(b) (i) solid (iii) liquid (ii) Liquid
3. (a) Cross-pollination
(ii) spaces (iii) Gas
(b) Insect or wind
(c) (i) move (ii) mixing (b)
(c) The new plants are healthy.
(d) (i) smell
The new plants are more resistant
(ii) diffuse
to environmental changes.
4. (a) To show that plants respond to light. 3.3 Changes of States
(b) The shoots grow towards the
window and the roots grow 1. Heat (Added/ P Q S
Process
downward into the soil. Removed) (c) Particles in a solid are arranged
(c) It helps the plant to grow towards (a) P : Melting Added very close together. Particles in a
the sunlight which is needed for gas are very far apart.
photosynthesis. (b) Q : Boiling Added
3. (a) (i) Freezing
(d) The shoots of plants grow towards (c) R : Freezing Removed (ii) Melting
the sunlight. (iii) Condensation
(d) S : Condensation Removed
(iv) Boiling
Chapter 3 Matter (e) T : Sublimation Added (v) Deposition
(vi) Sublimation
2. (a) (i) Metling (b) (i) Water turns into ice when
3.1 Classifying Matter (ii) Solid to liquid placed in the freezer.
(iii) Added (ii) Water turns into steam when
1. (a) Category Example
(b) (i) Boiling heated.
Element Iron (ii) Liquid to gas (c) (i) Evaporation
Compound Water (iii) Added (ii) Sublimation
(iii) Condensation
Mixture Air (c) (i) Evaporation
(ii) Liquid to gas (d) S, U, W

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Chapter 4 Solutions
4.1 Solutions and Solubility
1. (a) Solvent 1. (a) A pH scale measures how acidic or
(b) Solution alkaline a substance is.
(c) Solute (b)
(d) Suspension
(e) Dilute solution
(f) Concentrated solution
2. (a) A little (d) A lot
(b) A lot (e) Some
(c) Maximum (f) None
3. (a) cm3
(b) Concentration of a solution
(c) 50 g of a solute is dissolved in
1 dm3 of a solvent
(d) Dissolve 10 g of salt in 1 dm3 of
water
4. Take 1 cm3 of 10 g/dm3 of solution A and
mix with 9 cm3 of distilled water.
5. (a) 4. Benzoic acid is used to preserve food.
1 cm3 1 cm3 1 cm3
Enrichment Exercises
9 cm3 of distilled water
(b) Successive serial dilutions
4.2 Dissolution
1. The temperature of solvent, the surface
of solute, the volume of solvent and the
stirring action
2. (a) Large (f) High
(b) Small (g) More
(c) Less (h) Less
(d) More (i) No stirring
(e) Low (j) With stirring
3. P, R, Q, S
4. •  Cut the potatoes into smaller pieces.
•  Increase the flame.
4.3 Acids and Alkalis
1. Alkaline substance: Milk of magnesia,
baking powder, toothpaste, soap
Acidic substance: Sulfuric acid, lemon
juice, pineapple juice, vinegar
2. Acid:
(a) 1 – 6
(b) Sour
(c) Corrosive
(d) Turns blue litmus paper red
(e) Gives out hydrogen gas
Alkali:
(f) 8 – 14
(g) Bitter
(h) Corrosive
(i) Turns red litmus paper blue
(j) No reactions
3. (a) The red litmus paper turns blue.
ANS e-MAS Science M1 2P.indd 4
(b) Alkaline substances need water to (ii) Time and temperature
show its properties. (b) (i) Vector quantities are physical
quantities that have magnitude
4.4 pH Indicators and directions.
(ii) Velocity and displacement
2. Scalar quantities – Energy, mass,
speed, weight
Neutral
Acidic Alkaline Vector quantities – Momentum, force,
acceleration, velocity
3. (a) Vector quantity. It has direction
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
(Suvarnabhum Airport to Phuket
(c) 7 Airport) and magnitude (700 km/h)
2. (a) pH indicators are substances that (b) Scalar quantity. It has only
indicate the pH of a substance. magnitude (3 packets)
(b) Universal indicator and litmus paper (c) Vector quantity. It has magnitude
(c) We should use a pH meter. (20 m) and direction (north).
(d) Scalar quantity. It has only
3. (a) Green
magnitude (20°C)
(b) Red
(c) Orange/Yellow
5.2 Distance and Displacement
(d) Blue
(e) Purple 1. (a) Distance is the total length of the
path traveled from one location to
Vitamin C is used to increase human’s another.
body resistance against infections. Oven (b) No. It has only magnitude.
cleaners are used to remove stains. (c) Displacement is length traveled in a
Ammonia is used to produce fertilizers. specific direction.
(d) Yes. It has both magnitude and
direction.
2. (a) PQ + QR + RS + ST
Objective Questions
=2m+2m+2m+3m
1. B 2. D 3. B 4. C 5. D =9m
6. A 7. A 8. A 9. B 10. C (b) PS + ST
11. C 12. C 13. A 14. A 15. B
=2m+3m
16. D 17. D 18. A 19. B
=5m
Subjective Questions (c) To the East
3. (a) 0 m
1. (a) P
(b) The path ends at the starting point.
(b) P
So, there is no displacement.
(c) By increasing the temperature
(d) Dissolve 5 g of P in 100 cm3 of
water. Stir until all solution has
5.3 Speed and Velocity
dissolved. Add another 5 g of P and
1. (a) (i) Speed is the distance traveled
stir until all solution is dissolved.
Continue to add P until P cannot per unit time.
dissolve any more and are present Total distance traveled
Speed =
at the bottom. Then, P becomes a Time taken
saturated solution. (ii) No. It is a scalar quantity.
2. (a) To indicate how acidic a substance Distance and time are scalar
is quantities.
(b) (i) Vinegar, soft drinks (b) (i) Velocity is the displacement
(ii) 1 – 6 per unit time.
(iii) Red – yellow Displacement
Velocity =
(c) (i) Toothpaste, soap Time taken
(ii) 8 – 14 (ii) No. It is a vector quantity.
(iii) Blue-purple Displacement is a vector
(d) (i) 7 quantity.
(ii) Green 2. (a) EF + FG + GH + HE + EI
(e) Litmus paper, pH meter = 5 km + 5 km + 5 km + 5 km + 5 km
= 25 km
Chapter 5 Forces and Motion (b) 25 km / 18 min
= 25 km / 0.3 h
≈ 83.33 km/h
5.1 Scalar and Vector Quantities (c) EI = 5 km
1. (a) (i) Scalar quantities are physical (d) 5 km /18 min
quantities that have magnitude = 5 km/0.3 h
only. ≈ 16.67 km/h
2/14/11 9:58:13 AM
 Enrichment Exercises 2. (a) D (d) B Subjective Questions
(b) A (e) C
(c) E 1. (a) To measure the temperature of a
Objective Questions
substance
1. A 2. C 3. C 4. B 5. A (b) The temperature of the water
6. D 7. D 8. C 9. B 10. A Thermal Equilibrium and Effects increases.
6.4
11. D 12. B of Heat on Matter (c) (i) Heat can be transferred.
1. Both objects have the same (ii) When heat is supplied to a
Subjective Questions substance, its temperature
temperature.
1. (a) 120 km + 140 km = 260 km rises.
2. (a) The heat will transfer to the cold
(b) 260 km / 3 hours = 86.67 km/h (d) (i) Through convection
water in the bottle.
(c) 80 km + 95 km = 175 km (ii) Through conduction
(b) (i) The cold water will get warmer
(d) 175 km / 3 hours = 58.33 km/h 2. (a) The telephone cables in section J
and eventually both water will
have the same temperature. are slack but the telephone cables
(ii) Thermal equilibrium in section K are taut.
Chapter 6  Heat
(b) (i) The telephone cables will
3. (a) contract and become shorter.
The particles
6.1 Heat as a Form of Energy (ii) The telephone cables will
vibrate more
1. (a) energy (e) useful contract and snap.
vigorously.
(b) Sun (f) warm (c) The principle of expansion and
(c) rub (g) cook (b) contraction of matter
The particles
(d) burning (h) evaporates (d) A bimetallic strip
move further
2. (a) Temperature is a measure of how away from each
hot or cold something is. other Chapter 7 Atmosphere and
(b) Thermometer (c) The particles Weather
(c) (i) Degree Celcius move faster and
(ii) Joule further apart
(d) (i) Beaker Q compared to 7.1 Layers of the Earth’s Atmosphere
(ii) Beaker S liquid 1. (a) It is made up of various gases.
(e) (i) its mass 4. (a) bimetallic (d) completed (b) The force of gravity pulls and keep
(ii) its temperature (b) heated (e) rings the atmosphere near the surface of
(iii) the type of material it is made (c) bends the Earth.
of (c) It traps heat and keeps our Earth
6.5 Absorption and Radiation of Heat warm at night. It shields the Earth
6.2 Heat Flow from UV radiation.
1. (a) (i) Solids 1. (a) (i) Size of the drawing pins, (d) The atmospheric pressure
(ii) Liquids and gases distance of the surfaces from decreases rapidly with the height of
(iii) No medium the lighted bulb and surface the atmosphere from the Earth.
(b) (i) Heat is transferred from area of the dull or shiny objects
2. (a) Exosphere
particles to particles through (ii) Type of surface (whether shiny
(b) Thermosphere
vibration. or dull)
(c) Mesosphere
(ii) Heat is transferred by particles (iii) Time taken for the drawing pins
(d) Stratosphere
as they move. to fall off
(e) Troposphere
(iii) Heat is transferred in the (b) By radiation and convection
(c) Drawing pin K 3. (a) True (e) False
form of electromagnetic wave
(d) A black and dull surface absorbs (b) False (f) False
through vacuum.
heat better than a white and shiny (c) True (g) True
(c) (i) Fast
surface. (d) True (h) True
(ii) Slow
(iii) The fastest 2. (a) A black and dull surface gives out
2. (a) Conduction heat better than a white and shiny 7.2 What is Weather?
surface.
(b) (i) Q 1. Weather is a complete description of the
(b) Yes, their initial temperatures are
(ii) R the same. present state of the atmosphere.
(c) R, P, S, Q (c) The water in the conical flask that 2. Meteorology is the study of the whole
(d) (i) As cooking utensils has a black and dull surface will atmosphere including the weather.
(ii) Keep our body warm on cold experience a greater decrease in 3. A weather forecast is the prediction of
day temperature. the weather in the near future.
(d) Yes, the hypothesis is acceptable.
6.3 Benefits of Heat Flow
Enrichment Exercises 7.3 Factors of Weather
1. (a) convection
(b) (i) rise 1. (a) (i)
Objective Questions (b) (iv)
(ii) sink
(c) conduction 1. B 2. C 3. C 4. D 5. B (c) (iii)
(d) high 6. B 7. C 8. A 9. B 10. A (d) (ii)
(e) ventilation 11. A 12. D 13. D 14. A 15. A 2. (a) True
(f) (i) flow 16. C 17. D 18. C 19. B 20. D (b) False
(ii) comfortable 21. C 22. A 23. B 24. C 25. A (c) True

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 (d) True
(e) False
Monsoons, Tropical Cyclones and
7.4
Thunderstorms
1. (a) Land
(b) The land is heated up faster than
the sea. The hot air above the land
rises and this creates an area of
lower pressure on the land.
(c) CFCs.
➤ avoid danger from severe weather
(d) Yes. The wind is blown from the
sea to the land. Therefore, some
moisture from the sea is absorbed.
(e) Southwest monsoon
(f) This wind is blown from the land
and does not pass through large
area of water. Therefore, it is dry.
2. (a) A tropical cyclone is a low pressure
system over tropical or sub-tropical
waters with a large rotating area
of clouds, wind and thunderstorm
activities.
(b) Thunderstorm
(c) Flooding and strong wind
How to Avoid Danger during
7.5
Severe Weather
1. • Do not stay in an open area. Seek for
shelter in a building.
• Do not use telephones or computers
connected to modems.
• Stay away from windows.
• Avoid any water-based activities.
• Do not repair electrical appliances.
Interpreting Weather Forecasts
7.6
and Their Importance
1. (a) Data of the current state of
atmosphere is collected and
analyzed by computers
(b) Incomplete understanding of the
weather and inconsistency of the
nature of the atmosphere.
2. (a) Weather map
(b) (i) Isobars
(ii) They represent the areas of
same atmospheric pressure.
ANS e-MAS Science M1 2P.indd 6
(c) Millibar
(d) (i)
1008
1012
1004 1000
➤
1014 mb
(ii) Wind blows from the high
pressure area to low pressure
area.
3. To warn people of approaching dangerous
weather and to take precaution in order to
Enrichment Exercises
Objective Questions
1. C 2. B 3. A 4. D 5. D
6. B 7. B 8. C 9. D 10. A
11. C 12. D 13. A 14. A 15. C
16. D 17. A 18. A 19. B 20. B
21. D 22. C 23. D 24. B
Subjective Questions
1. (a) Weather map
(b) Atmospheric pressure and
temperatures
(c) (i) Isobar. The isobars indicate
the areas of equal atmospheric
pressure.
(ii) Isobars which are closely
placed together indicate a large
pressure difference over a
small area which causes strong
winds.
Chapter 8  Global Issues
8.1 Global Warming
1. (a) Greenhouse effect is the warming
caused by the trapping heat by the
atmosphere.
(b) Carbon dioxide
2. (a) Diesel-fueled taxi, combustion,
decomposition, power generator
(b) Cycling, wind surfing, replanting
forest, reusing materials
3. (a) An increase in the average
temperature of the Earth’s
atmosphere
(b) Clearing of forest, burning of fossil
fuels, volcano eruption
4. (a) They will melt.
(b) They might be flooded.
(c) They will lose their homes.
(d) Sea levels will rise.
8.2 Ozone Depletion
1. (a) Three oxygen atoms
996
(b) It absorbs the harmful ultraviolet
992
rays from the Sun.
990 mb
2. There will be an increase in skin
cancer. Photosynthesis process will be
interfered, causing poor harvest.
3. (a) CFCs
(b) Aerosol spray, refrigerator
4. (a) Control and reduce the use of
(b) The Montreal Protocol on
substances that deplete the ozone
layer.
8.3 Acid Rain
1. Acid rain is that rain containing acids
that form in the atmosphere when
industrial gas emissions (especially
sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides)
combine with water.
2. Pollutants such as sulfur dioxide, nitrous
oxides
3. It erodes things made of metals and
rocks containing calcium carbonate.
4. • Reduce emission of smoke and
vehicles.
• Reduce the release of sulfur from
factories.
Enrichment Exercises
Objective Questions
1. D 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. A
6. A 7. B 8. B 9. A 10. D
11. C 12. D 13. D 14. C 15. C
16. C 17. D
Subjective Questions
1. (a) The amount of carbon dioxide in
the air increases with time.
(b) Volcano eruptions
(c) Burning of fossil fuels and driving
petrol-fueled cars
(d) Carbon dioxide traps heat and
prevents it from releasing into
space. This results in higher
temperature.
(e) Plant more trees and have more
forest reserves.
2. (a) The acid rain
(b) There are more air pollutants in
industrial areas.
(c) Reduce the emission of smoke and
exhaust from factories and cars.
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