CONTINUUM MECHANICS

(ELECTIVE COURSE)

Level : Master Full Mark : 100

Program : Material Science and Engineering Credits Hours: 4

Objective:
This course is designed to serve as one of the elective courses for students studying M.Sc. in engineering
in material science, and also for students who are pursuing M.Sc. degree from civil engineering streams.
The objective of this course is to learn how to formulate problems in mechanics and how to reduce
questions and ideas into precise mathematical statements as well as to cultivate a habit of analyzing,
designing, and inventing in engineering and science. The main objective is to learn the formulation of
materials’ behavior relating to stresses and strains, in which the general ideas are formally reduced to a
mathematical form.

CHAPTER-1: INTRODUCTION (2 hours)

1.1 Objective of this course, and its application to science and Technology
1.2 Continuum: definitions
1.3 The concept of stress and strain in the definition of a continuum.
1.4 Axioms of continuum mechanics; Elementary topics through which basic idea involved.

CHAPTER-2: TENSOR ALGEBRA (8 hours)

2.1 Review of matrices; Determinants and matrix inversion.

2.2 Indicial notation; Vectors; Vector properties.
2.3 Linear Transformations and Tensors; Tensor properties.
2.4 Transformation of Bases; Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors; Invariant properties of tensors.
2.5 Coordinate systems
2.6 Gradient, divergence, curls, and related operators.
2.7 Gauss’ divergence theorem, other integral relations

CHAPTER-3: GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF CONTINUUM MECHANICS (16 hours)

3.1 Conservation of Mass

3.2 Reynold’s Transport Theorem.
3.3 Euler’s first and second laws.
3.4 Stress principle of Euler and Cauchy, Cauchy fundamental theorem on stress.
3.5 Cauchy’s first and second equations of motion.
3.6 Use of Material description.
3.7 Boundary conditions.
3.8 First and second laws of thermodynamics.
3.9 Infinitesimal deformations.
 CHAPTER-4: CONSTITUTIVE EQUATIONS (16 hours)

4.1 Basic requirements and postulates.

4.2 Elasticity with thermodynamics restrictions.
4.3 Fluids with thermodynamics restrictions.
4.4 Concept of material isotropy and anisotropy; orthotropic material.
4.5 Fluids, Viscosity; plasticity of metals; materials with nonlinear elasticity;
Nonlinear stress-strain relationships of rubber and biological tissues.
4.6 Linear viscoelastic bodies; quasi-linear viscoelasticity of biological tissues.
4.7 Non-Newtonian fluids; viscoplastic materials.

CHAPTER-5: CURVILINEAR COORDINATES IN EUCLIDEAN SPACE (8 hours)

5.1 Dual bases, cantravariant, covariant, and mixed components of vectors.

5.2 Coordinate transformations, Relations involving the alternating symbol.
5.3 Gradient and other operators.
5.4 Orthogonal curvilinear coordinates and physical components.
5.5 Cylindrical and spherical coordinates.

CHAPTER 6: YIELD CRITERIA AND PLASTICITY THEORY (10 hours)

6.1 Stress state and stress space

6.2 Yield surface, Yield Criteria for metals and pressure sensitive materials, Subsequent yield surface
6.3 Plasticity theory-basic consideration
6.4 Stress-strain relation for elastic deformation
6.5 Volume change and Poisson’s ratio for plastic deformation
6.6 Levy-Mises and Prandtl-Reuss equations; Plastic potential theory and plastic work
6.7 Druger’s plasticity postulate and its consequences
6.8 Isotropic hardening and Kinematic hardening
6.9 General stress strain relations for plastic deformation.

Reference Books:
1. Y.C. Fung. “A First Course in Continuum Mechanics”, Third Edition, Prentice Hall Inc.(NJ).
2. Lemaitre J & J.L. Chaboche. “Mechanics of Solid Materials”, Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge.
3. Lemaitre J. “A Course on Damage Mechafnics”, Springer, Verlag.
4. Akhtar S. Khan & Sujain Huang. “A Continuum Theory of Plasticity”, John Willey & Sons.

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