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• Solution: In table 8.1 (franzini) for galvanized iron; e=0.0005 ft & at 60⁰F;
v=1.217x10-5 ft2/sec (Table A.1, franzini).
4(4)
• L=2mi=10560 ft, and e/D=(0.0005(12))/20=0.0003, 𝑉 = 20 = 1.833 fps
𝜋(12)2
20
(12)1.833
• 𝑅= = 2.51𝑥105 > Rcr=2000; flow is turbulent
1.217𝑥10−5
1 0.0003 1.11 6.9
• = −1.8 log + f= 0.01709 (Using Haaland Equation)
𝑓 3.7 2.51𝑥105
0.01709(10560)1.8332
ℎ𝑓 = 20 = 5.65 𝑓𝑡
2( )(32.2)
12 Engr. Waseem Shah; CED, UET-P
Example: Single-Pipe Flow (Type-3 Problem)
• A galvanized iron pipe 18000 ft long must convey ethyl alcohol (v=2.3x10-5
ft2/sec) at a rate of 135gpm. If the friction head loss must not be more than
215ft. Determine the pipe size theoretically required.
Problem Type Given Find
Type-3: Sizing Problem Q or V, hf , g, L, e, v D
• Solution: In table 8.1 (franzini) for galvanized iron; e=0.0005 ft, v=2.3x10-5
4(0.301) 0.383
ft /sec, and e/D=(0.0005(12))/20=0.0003, 𝑉 =
2
2 = 2 fps
𝜋𝐷 𝐷
0.383
𝐷( ) 16590
𝐷2
• 𝑅= = 0.00225 ft3/s = 1 USgpm (US Gallon per min)
2.3𝑥10−5 𝐷 0.000064 m3/s = 1USgpm
0.383 2
𝑓(18000)( )
𝐷2
• ℎ𝑓 = 215 = D = 0.718𝑓 1/5
2(𝐷)(32.2)
Engr. Waseem Shah; CED, UET-P
Example: Single-Pipe Flow (Type-3 Problem)
Excell Sheet created for this - in same folder it lies with Name
"for Lecture 4"
16590 0.383
• Usable equations in the problem: 𝑅=
𝐷
,𝑉 = 𝐷2
, D = 0.718𝑓 1/5
Try f D (ft) e/D R Calculated f’ Remarks
0.0300 0.356 0.001404 46800 (turbulent) 0.02501 Try Again, because f and f’ are not equal
0.0250 0.343 0.001456 48500 (turbulent) 0.02504 No need to try again because f’=f
Start here
D=0.343ft = 4.12 in. (designed)
• The starting f is to be decided intelligently, it is f
recommended that you start at f=0.0300 because
it is the mid-range value of f as confirmed on Moody
f=f’
=?
D
diagram and this value has been proven to give less
number of iterations, mathematically. f' R
e/D
0.0315𝑥89 3.062
ℎ𝐿 = + 2.36 = 27.9𝑚
0.05 2𝑥9.81
𝑍1 = ℎ𝐿 + 𝑍2 = 27.9+4 = 31.9 m.
‘nm’ ranges from 0.008 for very smooth pipe up to 0.035 for the roughest pipe.
• For pipes with dia>=2inches and V<=10fps (3m/s), above equations are accurate.
Engr. Waseem Shah; CED, UET-P
Empirical/Non-Rigorous Equations for Single-Pipe
flow
• Darcy-weisbach equation, Manning and Hazen-William equations can be used to
reach at a general form as given under;
hf=KQn
8𝑓𝐿
where K = 2 5 & 𝑛 = 2; for Darcy-weisbach equation with constant f.
𝜋 𝑔𝐷
4.727𝐿
K= & 𝑛 = 1.852; for Hazen-William equation (BG) and
𝐶𝐻𝑤 1.852 𝐷4.87
4.66𝐿𝑛𝑚2
K= & 𝑛 = 2; for Manning equation (BG)
𝐷16.3
• Once K is known for a given pipe, either hf or Q can be know for that pipe. K
depends on a pipe.
• Above equation between hf and Q is very important for Branching of pipes, pipes in
series or parallel and pipe networks. You will enjoy them in next two weeks.
Engr. Waseem Shah; CED, UET-P
Pipeline with Pump or Turbine