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Heterogeneous catalysis is a fascinating, the last decade a tremendous increase in-situ characterization techniques for
but complex multidisciplinary science, in the number of manuscripts dealing elucidating the genesis and working
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which is core business to our energy, with the use of in-situ and operando principles of heterogeneous catalysts.
automotive, chemical and pharmaceutical catalyst characterization, including the Special emphasis will be on recent
industries as most chemical reactions introduction of novel methods and advances as many of the authors of this
are catalyzed by at least one material related measurement approaches. Fig. 2 collection of articles also present their
containing a multitude of often distinct outlines the three research areas, which latest results. In this respect, this themed
catalytic functionalities. Although progress have received the most attention in issue of Chemical Society Reviews can be
has been made in our understanding of recent years; i.e., (a) the realization of seen as a valuable addition to two edited
the working principles and dynamics time-resolved combined spectroscopy books on in-situ characterization of
of catalytic solids, their genesis and under more realistic reaction conditions; catalytic solids (J. F. Haw, In-situ
mechanistic functioning under realistic (b) the development of in-situ tools to Spectroscopy of Heterogeneous Catalysis,
reaction conditions—as schematically characterize catalytic transformations in Wiley-VCH, 2002, and B. M. Weckhuysen,
visualized in Fig. 1—represent still very the liquid phase; and (c) the development In-situ Spectroscopy of Catalysts, American
important scientific challenges to both of space-resolved and tomographic Scientific Publishers, 2004) and a
academia and industrial scientists. The characterization approaches, ultimately compilation of general review articles,
prospect of rational design of materials allowing to perform single molecule- which appeared in the period 2006–2009
with specific active sites to selectively single active site/catalyst particle in-situ in the book series Advances in Catalysis
catalyze a chemical reaction in high studies. (vol. 50–52).
yield is very attractive. First of all, it In view of all these aspects, I felt it was In this dedicated issue, reviews on
represents the most economical and the right time to put together a dedicated general aspects of in-situ catalyst
sustainable way of producing our daily issue for Chemical Society Reviews on characterization are included, which
life transportation fuels, materials and this very important scientific subject. may help researchers entering this field
chemicals, but maybe as crucial—from With the view of trying to represent as to familiarize themselves with some
a pure fundamental point of view—it much as possible of a wide variety of important aspects and recent trends.
is important to have insight into the in-situ characterization methods as applied Bentrup (DOI: 10.1039/b919711g) nicely
interfacial chemistry taking place between on a range of catalytic materials, I have illustrates the potential of combining
the gas or liquid phase and the catalytic collected a series of 28 review articles in-situ characterization methods in one
surface at e.g. elevated temperatures and covering the advantages, limitations, experimental set-up. In this manner,
pressures. Such knowledge may also be challenges and future possibilities of complementary information can be directly
very valuable to other research areas, e.g.
sensor technology and geochemistry.
Deep mechanistic insight into the
fundamentals of heterogeneous catalysis
can only be acquired by using advanced
characterization methods as well as
proper in-situ reaction cells and related
measurement protocols. This is the field
of in-situ or operando characterization.
Interestingly, we have seen especially in
This journal is c The Royal Society of Chemistry 2010 Chem. Soc. Rev., 2010, 39, 4557–4559 4557
One of the most used methods for
in-situ catalyst characterization is
vibrational spectroscopy, including both
IR and Raman methods. This themed
issue contains eight review articles
which highlight the power of vibrational
techniques and related methods.
Whereas Wachs and Roberts (DOI:
10.1039/c0cs00145g) highlight in-situ
and operando Raman characterization
studies of supported metal oxide and
bulk metal oxide catalysts, Kim,
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4558 Chem. Soc. Rev., 2010, 39, 4557–4559 This journal is c The Royal Society of Chemistry 2010
fascinating new insights in molecular microscopy and is now more and more powerful tool, fully complementary to
diffusion processes and the functioning used in a combined fashion. the above mentioned in-situ fluorescence
of heterogeneous catalysts. Three review Finally, there are five review articles, nanoscopy techniques. Newton and
articles focus on the use of fluorescence which are mainly focused on the use of van Beek (DOI: 10.1039/b919689g)
microscopy for elucidating catalytic X-ray spectroscopy of heterogeneous present a state-of-the-art overview
reactivity. De Cremer, Sels, De Vos, catalysts. It nicely illustrates the of what is currently possible when
Hofkens and Roeffaers (DOI: 10.1039/ increasing importance and availability combining synchrotron-based X-ray
c0cs00047g) present a comprehensive of suitable synchrotron beamlines for methods with vibrational spectroscopy
review article on the latest developments doing in-situ catalyst characterization techniques and can be seen as a more
in this field of research, while Tachikawa work. Singh, Lamberti and van particular view of combining in-situ
and Majima (DOI: 10.1039/b919698f) Bokhoven (DOI: 10.1039/c0cs00054j) characterization methods as discussed
focus on single molecule-single particle summarize the recent advances in X-ray in the Bentrup review article (DOI:
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This journal is c The Royal Society of Chemistry 2010 Chem. Soc. Rev., 2010, 39, 4557–4559 4559