Building a sustainable and attractive

city Dhaka City

PREPARED BY:
MD. KHALED RAIHAN

PREPARED FOR:
PROF. DR. MD. HASIBUR RASHID
Table of Contents
Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 2
Every one desires for a pristine, peaceful, unpolluted and calm environment and ambience.
The constitution also deserves this right to each citizen. But the augmentation in population
and the fast. ................................................................................................................................. 2
Effective awareness, capacity building programs, active participation of stake holders,
technical. ..................................................................................................................................... 2
Vision .............................................................................................................................................. 2
To make a Model City that is Waste-free, Green and Healthy. Accomplish the creation of a
‘Clean and Green City. ................................................................................................................ 2
Mission............................................................................................................................................ 2
Objectives ....................................................................................................................................... 3
Approach – Green Waste Management .......................................................................................... 3
Levels of Implementation ............................................................................................................... 5
Phase 1: Development of Model Clean and Green Campus ....................................................... 5
For segregated collection, differently coloured bins were provided at the point(s) of generation
(as biodegradable, recyclable and toxic) a. ................................................................................ 7
Phase 2: Project Implementation ................................................................................................. 7
Methodology ................................................................................................................................... 8
The diagrammatic representation of methodology is shown below. ........................................... 8
Studies and Surveys ........................................................................................................................ 9
Plausible Mechanism .................................................................................................................... 10
Municipality is the sole authority to implement the project including placing of technical
support unit, funding/sanctioning grants for technologies. ....................................................... 11
Funding Mechanism and Business Models................................................................................... 11
Proposals ....................................................................................................................................... 12
An alternate solution should be suggested before initiating regulations, banning and
restrictions. This means while banning plastic an alternative for plastic should be suggested,
and open littering facilities for littering should be provided.. ................................................... 12
Conclusion .................................................................................................................................... 13
The objective Clean and Green City project is a plausible one and not a very far dream with
everyone putting in their dedicated efforts and facilitated by the techno savvy world with
effective strategies. .................................................................................................................... 13

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Introduction

Every one desires for a pristine, peaceful, unpolluted and calm environment and ambience. The
constitution also deserves this right to each citizen. But the augmentation in population and the
fast growing urbanization and industrialization totally unbalanced our expectations. The fast
moving economy and life style are contaminating our air, water and environment. Various efforts
from different corners to tackle these issues have not yet reached anywhere. In order to retain our
environment clean and healthy, a collective effort is required and it is obviously the need of this
hour. But the past stories invariably prove that the dream ‘Clean and Green City Dhaka’ will
come true if everyone contributes their roles. The concept ‘Clean and Green City Dhaka’
emerged from the thought of creating a clean and green environment in the municipality area of
Dhaka through a complete Participatory Approach. The theme ‘Charity begins at home’ will be
the guiding principle for the project implementation. The project includes the development of a
Green City along with the creation of a zero waste Municipality.

Effective awareness, capacity building programs, active participation of stake holders, technical
support for the implementation and Research and Development services are the key strategies to
achieve this target. In addition to the zero waste concepts, development of a sustainable model
for waste management by cultivating eco friendly practices, thereby generating income, are also
envisaged.

Vision

To make a Model City that is Waste-free, Green and Healthy. Accomplish the creation of a
‘Clean and Green City Dhaka’ - a sustainable model for waste management, eco friendly
practices and greening with all environmental aspects for the whole city thereby proving that
waste management is viable, cost effective and financially sustainable.

Mission
Development of zero waste and green Dhaka City with unpolluted environment, better living
conditions and surroundings, quality life, sustainable/eco friendly practices and perfect ambience
through:

 Effective and creative awareness programs

 Catalyze development of attitudinal change among the people towards waste

management and environmental up keep.

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  Introducing and encouraging waste management practices in individuals
especially in children

 Enable achievement of personal as well as environmental hygiene

 Sanitation for all, especially installation of sanitation facilities at public places

 Make the project implementation participatory

 Facilitate active community participation

Objectives
 Conduct studies and researches on waste management

 Suggest effective waste disposal mechanism for each category –

units/groups/chapters

 Make the community aware about the negative impacts of environmental

pollution and methods of disposal including waste management techniques

 Making the community directly responsible by promoting them as the

volunteers for waste management

 Enable Local Self Government to take the lead role to achieve the target of
‘Clean and Green City – Dhaka

Approach – Green Waste Management

Green Waste Management is a term used to describe any environmentally friendly way of
processing the products that has been discarded. In this kind of waste management, focus is
generally on finding the ways that could help to reuse or recycle the discarded articles so that
they are not dumped in landfills. It also aims at disposing the toxic waste in such a way that it
does not disturb the environment.

Green Waste Management intends to promote the principle 6R’s - Reduce, Reuse, Recycle,
Refuse, Repair and Rethink ( Grass Root Network Society, GRRN, USA) -thereby developing a
sustainable model for waste management. The approach of Green Waste Management not only
suggests 6R’s principle but also supports the concept – wealth from waste. The first and foremost
important factor to remember after 6R’s principle is the segregation of wastes. Normally wastes
can be categorized in to two, viz bio degradable and non-bio degradable. Toxic and e-waste is
also included and it is a separate category. But 85% of the household wastes are bio degradable
and it can be easily disposed by any person through some effective methods followed by

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segregation. Green Waste Management varies from setting to setting. So it suggests centralized
waste treatment in some occasion and it may vary in different categories. On such occasions it
can be developed as a business model by supplying waste management equipments to such
categories and generating employment as well as value added products out of it.

Hence, N.G.Os, Local Self Groups, Kudumbasree etc. can play an effective role in this system.
Thus, the Green Waste Management is a boon to the environment as it uses the techniques that
disposes the waste in an eco friendly way. This strategy would lead to an interim scenario of
barest minimum of waste generation that needs to be disposed at the source itself and ultimately
to the concept of Zero Waste. Through an integrated approach and availability of technology, the
message of waste minimization and segregation would be spread to households and institutions.
This would be accompanied by maximizing recycling as well as recovery of energy and manure
using appropriate technological interventions. To start with, the focus should be on awareness
building. Simultaneously the regulatory framework would be strengthened through proper
enforcement of existing laws and restructuring the existing laws to give more teeth for
enforcement. Ultimately energy, wealth and resource can be recovered from wastes and thereby
prove that it is not a finger burning issue but a lucrative and viable idea. Concepts like Bio Park,

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Green School, Eco Parks, Knowledge Centre etc. will give more thrust to the Clean and Green

City Dhaka Project.

Levels of Implementation

Broadly the implementation of Clean and Green City Dhaka can be divided in to three phases.

 Phase 1: Development of Model Clean and Green Campus

 Phase 2: Project implementation
 Phase 3: Greening of the city Clean and Green City Dhaka

Phase 1: Development of Model Clean and Green Campus

As part of the project Clean and Green City Dhaka - a task undertaken by the development of a
model campus with the vision of ‘to make a Model Campus that is Waste-free, Green and
Healthy’ has been envisaged. It plans to demonstrate different sustainable practices in waste

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management, energy conservation and resource utilization so that the same can be replicated by
any institution as well as stake holders. Now it is already implemented. With the title ‘Clean and
Green Campus’ and with a caption ‘Think big think green’- it has paved a smooth way to
cultivate good environmental practices/habits in students and staff through various systematic
and scientific methods. While encapsulating this initiative, its objectives are as following:

 Energy Conservation and Management

 Water Conservation and Control of Water Quality

 Control of Air Quality and Sound/Noise

 Management of Social, Ethical and Cultural Environment

 Displaying environmental conservation themes

 Regular Sessions/brain storming on environmental importance

 Implementing/Practicing ideal models

 Effective utilization of land by initiating organic farming, herbal garden, ornamental

flowers, recreation facilities etc.

 Demonstration of ideal models like solar equipments, water recharging, waste disposal
mechanisms etc.

 Installation of energy saving equipments/systems in the campus

 Campus Greening

 Management of Landscape and Aesthetics

A study had been conducted in the campus which analyzed various aspects like existing waste
management mechanisms, issues, major sources of wastes, category, quantity etc. and came out
with an effective solution. It suggested the following mechanism for waste management:

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For segregated collection, differently coloured bins were provided at the point(s) of generation
(as biodegradable, recyclable and toxic) a GREEN BIN for Biodegradable Wastes, BLUE BIN
for Recyclable Wastes and RED BINS for Toxic Wastes. These segregated wastes will be
collected and removed from the point(s) of generation on a regular basis by the staff involved in
cleaning work. The contents of green, blue and red boxes will be removed daily, weekly and
monthly respectively.

Phase 2: Project Implementation

Before moving for a full fledged implementation, the project will be implemented on a pilot
basis in the city in some selected wards so that a trial and error method will help to rectify the
initial hindrances and technical errors.

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Methodology

In order to attain the target of ‘Clean and Green City Dhaka’, the project should be implemented
in a highly systematic and well coordinated manner. The methodology adapted here is
Participatory approach and Public Private Partnership mode. While considering micro aspects in
the execution, active participation of all stake holders is a key strategy to acclaim the glory of
clean and green city. Thorough theoretical as well as field level studies and surveys are required
in this matter so that it may pave an easy way for the execution. Studies followed by the
quantification of waste, suggestion of suitable waste management methods, setting up of an
institutional mechanism for the implementation, wide level consultation workshops, preparation
of handbooks on waste management, demonstration of ideal models, creative and effective
awareness, well coordinated and highly organized field level implementation, setting up of
supporting facilities, regular follow ups, effective monitoring and evaluation etc. are the methods
which should be adapted.

The diagrammatic representation of methodology is shown below.

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Studies and Surveys

Waste Management is always a finger burning issue while in the implementation level. Also, the
techniques and methods to manage waste may vary from location to location and type to type. So
it is termed as a location specific and waste specific solution. Hence, before the implementation
stage, a thorough field level studies regarding quantity and type of wastes, Clean and Green City
Dhaka existing methods and location for disposal, technologies available etc. are required. This
study includes three levels:

1. Baseline data collection

2. Assessment of present waste management system

3. Identifying issues of concern

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Plausible Mechanism
As mentioned earlier an Integrated Waste Management Plan can provide suggestions only after
studies and surveys. At the same time there are many successful mechanisms available which are
replicated from our country and abroad. In the back ground of these studies, some models are
illustrated below. Demonstration of 6R’s principles through integrated waste management in the
city which can serve as model for other cities in the region for replication and adoption
Enhancement of capacity of local government authorities, businesses and civil society
organizations in dealing with waste issues

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Municipality is the sole authority to implement the project including placing of technical support
unit, funding/sanctioning grants for technologies like bio gas plant, solid waste treatment plant,
waste water treatment plant, bio bins, plastic shredders etc. Purchase, installation and
maintenance of these will be under the control/ suggested mechanism of Municipality.

Funding Mechanism and Business Models

Funds from State Government, various departments, Central Government, Planning Fund,
national and international funding agencies can be used for getting funds for waste management
in the Municipality area. In addition to this, Public Private Participation (PPP) mode and
privatization of some area can help to reduce financial burden of municipality. In privatization,
the types of privatization most commonly used in solid waste management include: contracting,
franchise, open competition, and vendor/operator equity investment. The level of cost and
degree of difficulty associated with the service provide an opportunity for participation of the
private sector. In general, the private sector potentially can play two key roles in the field of
waste management. One important role is to increase the efficiency of the service and, thus,
reduce the cost in existing waste management systems. The other key role for the private sector
is to provide much needed sources of funds for capital investments. One of the potential benefits
of privatization of the service is the ability to recover the costs of service through the
implementation of user charges. The implementation of user charges, or the increase of existing
charges, generally is an extremely difficult political decision that can best be managed by
allowing the private sector to impose them. Privatization, however, is not the total solution to the
successful provision of solid waste management services. Only a local government institution
having competent and qualified professional staff will be able to develop, negotiate, manage,

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monitor, and enforce a contract with a private entity. The three different types of recycling
business models, which can be implemented, are described below.
1. Conventional Waste/ E-waste Recycling Model

2. Public Private Partnership (PPP) based Waste/ E-waste Business Model

3. Extended Producer Responsibility Based Business Model

Proposals

An alternate solution should be suggested before initiating regulations, banning and restrictions.
This means while banning plastic an alternative for plastic should be suggested, and open
littering facilities for littering should be provided. It needs some innovative and creative ideas
and efforts to reinstate our pristine environment, retain our picturesque ambience and maintain
sustainable development. In order to achieve the goal of sustainable development and waste free

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society, creation of bio village is mooted. Some ideas to accomplish the target of Clean and
Green City Dhaka are added for the preparation of proposals.

Conclusion

The project Clean and Green City Dhaka, a new step initiated to envisages a paradigm shift in
the attitude of community, authorities and stake holders towards environmental management- a
dream which will be realised soon by going ahead step by step. Perseverance, commitment,
determination and optimistic approach are the guiding forces which will catalyze the footsteps.
Notwithstanding these concrete efforts, support from all stake holders will facilitate this
participatory approach. While remembering all these facts, it’s an issue of individual as well as
social responsibility, issue of survival of our generation and the people yet to come. Or in other
words, “The Face of the Other makes me Responsible”. A solution which is least disturbing to
the community and focusing on recovery centric technique undoubtedly gets support from all
corners. And it can be solved if everyone deliver their duties, exercise their rights and contribute
their roles. The objective Clean and Green City project is a plausible one and not a very far
dream with everyone putting in their dedicated efforts and facilitated by the techno savvy world
with effective strategies.

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