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7 Dados los puntos: (-4.5, 0.7), (-3.2, 2.3), (-1.4, 3.8), (0.8, 5.0), (2.5,
5.5), (4.1, 5.6) determine los polinomios de grado 3 y 4. Graficar para
determinar la curva más aproximada.
Solución
n 0 1 2 3 4 5
0. 2. 4.
x -4.5 -3.2 -1.4 8 5 1
5. 5. 5.
y 0.7 2.3 3.8 0 5 6
Polinomio de grado 3
1 1
𝑃3 (𝑥) = (0.7)[− (𝑥 + 3.2)(𝑥 + 1.4)(𝑥 − 0.8)] + (2.3)[ (𝑥 + 4.5)(𝑥 + 1.4)(𝑥 − 0.8)]
21.359 9.36
1 1
+ (3.8)[− (𝑥 + 4.5)(𝑥 + 3.2)(𝑥 − 0.8)] + (5.0)[ (𝑥 + 4.5)(𝑥 + 3.2)(𝑥
12.276 46.64
+ 1.4)]
Polinomio de grado 3
Para el polinomio de grado 4 se escogen los primeros 5 puntos de la
tabla
1 𝑥 − 2.5
𝑙𝑜 (𝑥) = − (𝑥 + 3.2)(𝑥 + 1.4)(𝑥 − 0.8)[ ]
21.359 −4.5 − 2.5
1
𝑙𝑜 (𝑥) = (𝑥 + 3.2)(𝑥 + 1.4)(𝑥 − 0.8)(𝑥 − 2.5)
149.513
1 𝑥 − 2.5
𝑙1 (𝑥) = (𝑥 + 4.5)(𝑥 + 1.4)(𝑥 − 0.8)[ ]
9.36 −3.2 − 2.5
1
𝑙1 (𝑥) = − (𝑥 + 4.5)(𝑥 + 1.4)(𝑥 − 0.8)(𝑥 − 2.5)
53.352
1 𝑥 − 2.5
𝑙2 (𝑥) = − (𝑥 + 4.5)(𝑥 + 3.2)(𝑥 − 0.8)[ ]
12.276 −1.4 − 2.5
1
𝑙2 (𝑥) = (𝑥 + 4.5)(𝑥 + 3.2)(𝑥 − 0.8)(𝑥 − 2.5)
47.8764
1 𝑥 − 2.5
𝑙3 (𝑥) = (𝑥 + 4.5)(𝑥 + 3.2)(𝑥 + 1.4)[ ]
46.64 0.8 − 2.5
1
𝑙3 (𝑥) = − (𝑥 + 4.5)(𝑥 + 3.2)(𝑥 + 1.4)(𝑥 − 2.5)
79.288
1 1
𝑃4 (𝑥) = (0.7)[ (𝑥 + 3.2)(𝑥 + 1.4)(𝑥 − 0.8)(𝑥 − 2.5)] + (2.3)[− (𝑥 + 4.5)(𝑥
149.513 53.352
1
+ 1.4)(𝑥 − 0.8)(𝑥 − 2.5)] + (3.8)[ (𝑥 + 4.5)(𝑥 + 3.2)(𝑥 − 0.8)(𝑥 − 2.5)]
47.8764
1 1
+ (5.0)[− (𝑥 + 4.5)(𝑥 + 3.2)(𝑥 + 1.4)(𝑥 − 2.5)] + (5.5)[ (𝑥
79.288 264.537
+ 4.5)(𝑥 + 3.2)(𝑥 + 1.4)(𝑥 − 0.8)]
Solución
1 1
ℎ = 𝑥1 − 𝑥0 = −0= → 𝑃𝑎𝑠𝑜
3 3
X Y 𝛥𝑦0 𝛥2 𝑦0 ∆3 𝑦0
0 1 - - -
1/3 1.3956 0.3956 - -
2/3 1.9477 0.5521 0.1565 -
1 2.7183 0.7706 0.2185 0.062
𝑎0 = 𝑦0 = 1
∆𝑦0 0.3956
𝑎1 = = = 1.1868
ℎ 1/3
∆2 𝑦0 0.1565
𝑎2 = 2
= = 0.70425
2ℎ 2(1/3)2
∆3 𝑦0 0.062
𝑎3 = = = 0.279
26 6(1/3)2
1 1 2
𝑃3 (𝑥) = 𝑎0 + 𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑎2 𝑥(𝑥 − ) + 𝑎3 𝑥(𝑥 − )(𝑥 − )
3 3 3