Science & Techndlogy Developinent, Vol'10, No.02 © 2007 NGHIEN CU'U KHA NANG DUNG CONG NGHE TICH TRO LANH ANG TAN CHAY BEN NGOAI ONG TRONG CAC HE THONG DIEU HOA KHONG KHi TRUNG TAM Nguyén The Bao”; Trwong Hong Anh” (1) Trg Bai Hoe Bich Khoa, DHQG-HCM (2) Trig Cao dang Ky thugt Cao Thang, TP.HCM (Bai whan ngay 13 thing 05 nam 2006, hoan chink sita chia ngay O1 thing 12 nam 2006) TOM TAT:Trén thé gidi, cong nghé tich triz lanh tie lau diege coi ld mot gidi phdp hitu higu dé tang higu qud sir dung nding long o cdc hé thong lanh. Tuy nhién & Viét Nam, cdc thiét i tich rt lanh ehuea doe sie dung nhiéu do gid thavih ede thie bj nhgp Khu qua cao. Bai viét nay trinh bay mot nghién citw iy thuyét va thie nghiém vé thiét bi tich mit lanh dang bang tan chay bén ngoai dng being mé hink vai mong muén day 1d bud Koi dau dé pho bién cong nghé tich rit lanh tai Viet Nam trong més trong lai gén 1. TONG QUAN ‘Trong mét vai nam gan day, sit phat trién manh vé kinh té ot nude ta da kéo theo sit gia tang dling ke vé niu cau su dung dign. Theo Téng Cong Ty Dien Luc Viet Nam EVN, cd nhit may dign cha EVN chi dip tmg khoang 42% tng nhu cit vé dién trong ca mrde [11]. Vi vay. sit thieu hut dign nuée ta li khong trénh khoi. Theo théng ké trong mét cao oc van phong hay mot khch san thi Luomg din cap cho he thong dieu hoa khong kh chiem tl 44 den $5% tong luong dign tiéu thy [2]. Mac khac, cc hé thong dieu hod khéng khi Iuén luén duge thiét ké 1én hom tai ‘tinh cua n6 va s6 gid dé he théng lam vige & phy tai dinh trong ngay 1 rit it, nén xét vé hig qua kinh té la chia cao, Dé giam phy tai dign vao gig cao diém va nang cao higu qua kinh té cho cac hé thong digu hod khong khi, viée tmg dung cong nghé tich trit anh vao vige cap lanh cho ede he thong dieu hhod khéng ki 1 rat hop IY va cn thiét. 2. NGUYEN LY CHUNG CUA CONG NGHE TiCH TRU LANH: ‘Nguyén IY chung ctta cée hé théng tich tr Tan 14 rich tr Tanh dud nhigu dang: nude Tan, bang... Ic hé thing o ché a6 plu tai thip, gid dién re va sir dung long lanh tich tit duoc cung cap cho hg thong o ché 49 phi tai cao, gia dign cao. VE céng nghé, c6 ba phuomg phap duge sit dung: ~ Tich wir lanh ding nude ~ Tich trirlanh ding bang ~ Tich tr lanh ding muci eutectic Bang 1. So sénh dc tinh ca cdc phuong phap tich tri lanh [1]. Trang 20soe 0 7 SP’ CHE PHAT TRIEN KH&CN, TAP 10, SO 02 - 2007 ‘Chat dig de tich | Nhigt: Cy tich tra, | Nhigt do xa tal, | Nhigt 9 bien doi Dung tieh, m"/KWh_ tik c " pha, 'C Nae a ss .0s61+0.1600 Bing é Dec ‘Mudientectic He oi a a Theo so sénh tir bang 1, ta thay tich tro lan bing made va bang phit hop cho céc he théng digu hoa khéng khi do abigt d6 cia qué trinh xa tai khong qua cao. Tuy nhién tich tnt lanh ban; made 18 dang tich tr bing niét hign nén thé tich bén tich tr rit Idn khéng phit hop véi dig ‘kien mat bing cho phép tai cdc thanh pho lin, nén phwong php tich tri bang 1a phis hop diéu kign Vigt Nam, téch tr lanh dang Bang Tan Chay Ben Ngoai Ong (External melt ice-on- coil) la giai php hop If vi gid thanh thiét bi thap, 46 tin cay cao va trén hét la viée ché tao thiét bj trong nude 1a hodn toan c6 thé [9] 3. TICH TRU LANH DANG BANG TAN CHAY BEN NGOAT ONG (EXTERNAL MELT ICE-ON-COIL): Bén tich wit toai nay gdm mot dan lanh dat chim trong mot bé nude, chit tai tanh (secondary coolant) nhiét 46 thap chay trong éng. Hinh 1 trinh bay qué trinh hinh thanh va tan bang trén be mét Ong. Chat tai lanh thuémg duoc sit dung 14 Etylen glycol, nong d6 tir 25-40% (1) CHE DO NAP TAI CHE BO XA TAL > @ >) | ‘Tac nhan lanh hode chat tai Nuc fanh dn cp lanh cho phy ti Tah chy trong 6ng ‘Hinh 1. Qué tinh hin chin va tan bing én bé mat ng Glycol sau khi ta khdi chiller duge tach lam hai nhinh, mét nhénh di vao bén tich tri anh 48 tg0 bang va nhanh cin Iai di dén cap lanh tnac tiép cho phu tai. Dé sir dung cho céc hg thong dieu hoa khéng khi binh thuémg ta phai ding thém thict bj trao déi nhiét glycol-nudc do nhi¢t 49 glycol thay - G ché 46 nap tai (san xuat bang): Glycol duoc chiller lanh lam lanh xuéng dén nhiét dé Khong -7°C [1], lée nay glycol chi di vao daa lanh ciia bon tich tnt, bang bat dau hinh thank trén bé mat éng va day d Trang 21Science & Teclinoloyy" Develépiiient, Val 10, Nv.02 = 3007" = G ché a6 xa tai (lim tan bang): Nude hoi ve tik ede 6 tiew thu sé doe Lam lanh tay thud ‘yao phurong thifc van hénh, nude ra khoi bén tich tnt c& nhigt dé khoang 1+5°C duoc dura dén cap lan cho cac hé tiéu thu [1] _ Néwhé théng vn hanh theo ché d6 wu tién cho chiller thi chiller sé ludn van anh o ché 46 day tai dé cp lanh, khi yéu céu pin tai cao hon nang suat lanh eta chiller, bn tich tt lanh sé bil vio khoang thigu hut nay ‘Néu hg thong van hanh theo ché d@ wu tién cho bon tich tri thi bon tich tn sé cap lanh chit ‘yéu, khi yeu cu phu tai cao hon kha ning cp lanh cua bén tich tr, chiller méi vn hinh cép ianh b6 sung. Phuong thiéc nay khong higu qua so véi phuong thic trén do chiller throng xuyn khong duge van hanh 6 ché do day tii nén higu qua khong cao. 4. XAY DUNG MO HINH THI NGHIEM BON TICH TRU LANH DANG BANG TAN CHAY BEN NGOAT ONG: 4.1. Mé hinh thi nghigm: MB hinh thir nghiém hodn chinh da duge xay dung theo so 46 sau day, hinh 2, nhim dénh gid d6 tin cay cha chuong trinh durge viet dé m6 phdng chieu diy eda lop bing hinh thanh trén bbé mat Ong trong thdi gian tich tr bing. Hinh 3 trinh bay mé hinh thi nghiém da duge xy dmg. a ee Se (Chi hic 1. Glycol chiller 2 Bom ch to bing 3.Phy tai lank ECU) 4. Thap gidi nhigt Hinh 2, So dé nguyén I mo hinh thi nghigm Trong qué trinh thue nghiém bé day Iép bang hinh than tén bé mat dng trong ede lin vin anh tich tr lanh twong doi dn din va gin bing gid wi tung binh cia cd qué trinh thye nghigm Trang 22TAP 10, $6 02 - 2007 Hinh 3.M@ hinh thinghigm Cac két qua do dac thure té bé day lép bang tao thanh trén bé mat éng duage thé hign ¢ hinh 4a dudi day: gian do tir thye nghigm sien durge mo phong trén may tinh 4.2. Két qua mo phong trén may tinh p= Pe |B i 28, -1,)| 25 ‘Trong dé: pz : khdi lwong riéng ciia bing, kg/m? ty - ban kinh Idp bang. m Tag bén inh ngodi cua Ong, m ty : bén kinh trong cla éng, m dug: hG 56 dn nhiét cua lop bang, W/m.dd dae: hé 56 din nhiét cha kim loai ché tao dng, Wim.d6 ou: h@ s6 toa nbiét cba chat tai lank, W/m’.d9 Trang 23Science & Techndlogy Developinient, Vol'10, No.02 © 2007” Inigt 46 ctta chat tai lanh, °C Gp: nhigt do be mat lop bang, °C qq : An nhigt déng bang ctia nude, KI/kg +: thot gian tao bang, s Qua trinh hinh than ldp bang tren bé mat éng duge mo phéng Iai, véi két qui duge trinh bay trén Hinh 4b. Thdi gian du bé day bang ting rét mhanh nhumg cng vé sau qué trinh nay cham lai do Idp bang cdng day céng can tri sy trao Gi nhigt gitta chat tdi lan va nude, So sinh véi ket qua, do dac thu té ta thay thoi gian dau theo mé phéng trén may tinh, nh thé hign trén Hinh Sa, bé day l6p bang hinh thanh ngay sau khi vin hinh may va ting rit nhanh. Con thye té qua trinh tgo bang chi xay ra sau do khodng 1 gid. Diéu nay cho thay chuong trinh Khong tinh dén thé gian giam nhiét 4 cho mud trong bon tich tr lan trade khi ta0 Neu bo qua qué tinh lam lanh nuéc ban déu, nbw Hinh Sb, ta thay hai dung cong ly ‘va thie té gan tring nhau. Hinh $a. So sinh qué trinh tgo bing I thuyét va Hinh Sb. Sy twong déng cia 2 qua trinh to thy té bing khi bo qua thei gian lam lanh aude ban du 5, TINH TOAN THIET KE BON TICH TRU’ LANH DANG BANG TAN CHAY BEN NGOAL ONG: tanh dang blag tan chy bén ngbai ug. Trong bi béo ny, ta tinh oan tht ke mot bén tich ‘nit lanh véi ning suit tich tri 4000 kWh, thé gian tich trir 1A 10 gids, din lanh éng déng. Cée ‘thong s6 chinh gdm: Bung kinh ngoai cita dng Duong kinh trong cua éng > Dy = 25mm Chiu dai mét éng sol = Sm 'S6 dng trong mét I6i Doan 30 éng 616i z= 346i Téng sé éng oom 1020 éng. Téng chiéu dai éng L, = 5100m Trang 24AP ‘CHI PHAT TRIEN KH&CN, TAP 10, $6 02 - 2007 Kich thude bon WsHxL + 3800x2240x10500 Tong chi ph ché igo bén tich tt gh nang swit 4000 kWh hign nay tai nude ta vio Khodng 996,000,000 VNB, trong dizong véi 250.000 VND /1kWh tich tnt Ta tinh toan cho trréng hop phy tai lanh 1 mét cao dc van phong, phy tai dinh hé théng digu hoa khong khi fa 4395KW, so sinh phurong an digu hoa khéng khi truyén théng va phurong fn stt dung bon tich tir lanh. Hé thong bén tich tr lah durge chon dang tich tr mot phan van hanh kigu wu tién «6 may, nghia la khi c6 yeu cu tai Janh cum méy lanh sé hoat déng trude, néu yeu cau phu tai cao hon ning suat lanh thiét ke eva may thi hé thong bon tich tr sé cung edp phan thieu hut nay. Gi dign, [12] = Gid thip diém tir 22h00 =4h00, gid dign 1a 897 déng/kWh, ~ Gitybinh thuing tir 4h00 = 1600, gid dign 14 1551 déngkWh, = Gili cao diém tit 18h00 + 22h00, gid din 14 2530 dingkWh Gia thanh bén tich tr lanh ngoai nhap [7]: 350.000 déng/kWh, Gia thanh bén tich trit lank san xuat trong nurée: 250.000 dong/kWh, Ta tinh toan so sah kinh té khi sir dung bén tich tri lanh ngoainhap: Bang 2.Tinh toan kinh té khi sir dung bn tich tt anh ngoainhap Phuong an truyén | Phuong an ti tre Noi dung thong bang mot pl ‘Tong gia thanh dau tu, widu dong 7127.38 9195.69 ‘Chénh Igch dau tw so voi PA truyén thong, 0.00 206831 mrigu dng Chi phi nang lwong hang nam, rrigu dong 7766.34 7017.14 Chi phi tiet kigm hang nam, rifgu don 0.00 749.20 ‘S6 nam thu hoi von, nim 2.76 Qua tink toan, néu sit dung bon tich tri ngoai nbap thi thoi gian hoan von dau tw khong 2,67 nam. ‘Tnrimg hop sit dung bén tich tr lanh dutge san xuét trong muréc, két qua so sinh kinh 18 sitta phwong an digu hoa khong khi truyén thong va phuong a sir dung bon tich tr anh alae sal: Bang 3.Tinh ton kinh té khi str dung bn tich tro anh san xudt trong nude Phuong an truyén | Phong an tich trar Noi dung thong mét phan Tong gid thanb dau tu, widu ding 7127.38 7705.30 Cheah eh dba frso voH PA traydn thug, 0.00 57792 srigu déng Sr? Chi phi nang wong hang nam, migu ddng 7766.34 ToI7.14 ‘Chi phi tiét kigm hang nam, rrieu don, 0.00 749.20 ‘SO nam thu hoi von, nim 0.77 Trang 25Science & Teclinoloyy" Develépiiient, Val 10, Nv.02 = 3007" Nhu vay néu sit dung bon tich tt lanh due ché tao trong nude, thi gian hoan von chi kéo dai 0.77 nam. Két qua nay cho thay phuong én sir dung bon tich trtr lanh ché tao trong murdc gidm di rat nhigu so voi Khi sit dung bon tich ti lanh uhap khdu ti aude ngoai. Va voi thoi gian hoan von duéi 1 nam, céng nghé bon tich tri lanh chée chin sé duwge pho bién rng rai ‘rong m6t twong lai rét gan néu Nha nuic c6 nhimg chinh sch khuyén khich vige ap dung céng nghe nay. 6. KET LUAN Bai bao da dé cap den van dé tang higu qua sit dung ning Ivgng trong cac hé thong lanh noi chung va cée hé thong dieu hoa khong khi noi riéng, nho vige str dung hé thong tich tre nang Iuong 6 Viet Nam. Day 1a mot van dé khéng méi trén thé gidi tuy nhién hau nhur khéng duroe img dung tai Viét Nam. Nhing 1 do chinh 1a gia thanh dau tw thiet bi tich tr lanh ngoai nhap qua cao va chinh séch quan If nang hong tai nuréc ta khéng chat ch ‘Vi thé trong bai viét da dé cp dén cAc tinh todin ky thuat va kinh té cho loai bén tich tit lanh dang Bang Tan Chay Bén Ngoai Ong nhdm ché tao va img dung tai Viét Nam trong tong Thai gian sip téi nude ta sé chinh thie gia nhip WTO nén céc chinh sich quan If va str dung nang Iugng sé phai thay d6i cho phis hgp véi xu thé toam cu. Higu qua sir dung bon tich, ‘nt lanh sé tang rit cao trong twomg lai khi nha mréc c6 chin sich tang gid dign khoang 15% va s6 gid cao diém ting én 7 gig trong ngay so véi chi 4 gig hién nay. FEASIBILITY STUDY OF THE COLD THERMAL STORAGE OF EXTERNAL MELT ICE-ON-COIL TYPE IN AIR-CONDITIONING SYSTEMS Nguyen The Bao”, Truong Hong Anh” (2) University of Techonology, VNU-HCM (2) Cao Thang Technical College ABSTRACT: In the world, cold thermal storage technology has been known as a useful solution to increase energy efficiency in refrigeration systems for along time. However, in Viet Nam cold storage equipments are not popular yet because they are still expensive. This paper presents an theoretic and experimental research on the cold thermal storage equipment of external melt ice-on-coil ype, for expressing a wlsh this is the first step In researching and implementing cold thermal storage technology in Viet Nam in a near future. TAL LIEU THAM KHAO. [1]. ASHRAE, Fundamentals Handbook, (2005), [2]. Bryan Silvetti, PE and Mark MacCracken, PE, Thermal storage and deregulation, ASHRAE Journal, April, (1998). [3]. ASHRAE, Design guide for cool thermal storage, (1993). [4]. FEDERAL, Energy management program, (2000). Trang 26