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  • Lampiran Magic 2

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    6 visualizações12 páginas

    Lampiran Magic 2

    Enviado por

    maidel salsabila
    high

    Direitos autorais:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Baixe no formato DOCX, PDF ou leia online no Scribd
    Sinalizar o conteúdo como inadequado
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    B33 by the Cramenurs brother, who vere frost France Since then, major modifcaiom af GV. Blcs formulzion included the incorporation of higher eapper cootent and spherical parties, od af whics were introduced intheearly 1860 Despite long hiancya acces ac2rmtorative mate Fil thre have been periodic concerns regarding the poten {al adverse heath elects airy from expomre to meray released from dental amalgam. Seca of erance in exis braced composites and adhesive techeology in dentcry. the tue of amalgam has declined sbstantilly. ks use may be Timited in the near fuze and it may evectully dicappex from the dina areameres‘uz. ‘Asia for other materiale isaac in thie hesk, prac ‘ial ell and sound scientific familicty withthe material ae needed foc making high-quality restosations. Bren when renew amalgams are heey placed in patients there wal bbe bilions of amaigem retortions remaining in paints mouths. These tatoations reqete period examinations 0 ‘deck whether defective filling ould be replace. repaired, oF refinished. However, these dinical deccions require an tuderanding of several ay temme commonly wn! by the ‘dental profession. this chapter, amalgam aructure, proper tie, and manipulation charartrinics are ice ALLOYS Before these aloysare rested with meraury,Uaey are knowns 2 dental amalgam alloy or bys for dental alyam. They geal provided (1) sregty stapes particles (Figure ‘prodiaed hy atomizing the ligaid aay in a chamber Bled wit ert gas or (3) at a mextute of both lathe-cut and sphevial parties (Figure 15-3) Fo eed Yes compacid in the fore ofp ‘wee along with mewury in 2 reunile cxpsule with peste igure 15.0, 4) andrimrated by 2 power driven triasatr ar ama gamuor (Figure 15.5}. Today, disponible capa Amlga Mlgs aml fe widely salable (Figure 15.4, BG). Bach cpa con. (ine a predetermined amour of ao powder sod mercury in sealed pouch, and the copes ic ale! to prevent rape. rian of Sie mercury GRE 152 peal aime ghee ay pou sore Secstuveramparie sn sinneppr sera art CHAPTER YS Dentalmagom FIGURE 1512 A Saran deen maaypho ahghvcopper sjo-onpostion anaigam hacia cndcocnon, down roc prac bang form: sow aed mech of pass smalpum. This structure inads unconsumad alloy particles (7 ering (GI), and expels (ED. Figure 15-12, shows a sanning dvizon micrograph of 2 igh-copper single composition amalgams facized s few rinulesafler condieamation whic the arial gmaiiog reaction war ail aking place Two Binds of crystal are sen on the sushi polyhedral eral 7), shown by arrow A, beter theunconsumo alloy partes, and meshes ofr rod cry tals, shown by arrow J, forthe unoansumed :lloy parce. Figure 15-12, BL shows deaile of she rmarked areas in Fipare 15-11, A im action ta 2 mec of 9 crptals (arrow 1), wich formed an an uncmaumed particle, 7 rods (are (Ohare men ered nay, cept CL). Med 1 crpaale foe uncemsimed alloy paride: may sarengthen bonding ‘berweenthe alloy paces and y grains, ani crystal is [Pere between 9 grain may intetine 7: grains, This inter: Jodng is belived to improve the amalgams resistance to Aeformation. yarn oxesnon ee eee ee eee oe Se a Tess ‘Apod modern dental arama cn be manila a teat te restoration lass, ok serge, 15 yes Toe cay ‘Peepantion mast be desjnad correc and the amalgam (araw Bf cortng ursaced satel prides B, Har ragpfiction of marked ara In (8 fm (ara C) bee nya eee Aan bs etd 500 ‘must be manipulated property so tha the set amalgam rete ‘ation isnot placed under excessive tena stem. Obriouly the sclection of one type of amalgam eer thers should be hosed on clinical peefrmance, lacking ‘suc information it should be based on the plysical and ‘mechanical properties: However, the ini analysis of prop. (ties shoul be compared with dinical performanceas nach ta become availble. Another criterion is that the aon hud mes the requirements af the ADA Specification Wa. {or ISO 1558. However, itis the perio who controle the performanceofs reuration. Thus i iseseeial that theaBoy sdlestad be one with which the demi andthe asian fed (Gmfortabie. Use of lps and ted hat ae technic {neensitive rate to the manipulation and plicement of ie ‘mualgam wal enhance the qualay and durability of the reaneaa, MERCURVIALLOY RATIO ‘Theamountofalloyand mercury tobe wed cx Bedeseribed a the merceryflloy rai, which signifies the mumber of parts by weight of meraary divided bythe numberof parts ff alloy to Be to for the particular technique Sufient ‘mast be peesnt in the orginal mix to provide 2 Coherent and plas mas lie rturation, bud tmnt be lowe cnough tha! the mercury coment ofthe rtoration i a an accrpuable lve without dhe aed to remove an appreciable ammount of mercury ducing condersstion The mercury Content of the lathe cut alloy aboat SOK by weight and tat a cnaanpdemthmig terface ETI ‘Proportoning of Mercury sad Alloy “Avwide varity of mercury and alloy dispensers are avilable, “The mos commons the dispenser based on volumetric pro- ‘portioning, Breweighed pests or tablets are fet placed in = ‘caprue. In mechanical mizing, the capsule servers: a mortar. “As a bquid, merasry can be measured by volume without appreciable low of accuracy The dispenser should Be eld ‘vertically to enaure consistent dispensing of mercury. The dispenser should be at last half fall when itis aed I ‘x not, the weight of mercury dispensed may be erratic. Probably the most cammon cause of imccurte delivery of ‘amount of mercury hy 3% or 4% and this may lead to an ‘umsmble mix Regardler of the aoy o¢ tnturaor used, 0 ‘mare than two pellets of allay should be mix in a caprale ane time. ‘Disposable capmule: containing prepreporianed aguote ‘of mercury and alloy a now widely wed To prevent any chance of mercury spills during proporSening, ae itshould ‘result in 2 relighie mercuryalloy ratio. However, those cap- rules da not peovide an opportaniy to make minar adjust ‘ments in the mercury/oy retio to accommodate personal ‘preferences, Regardless of the method used, the proper amount of ‘mercury and allay anys must be proportioned before the “rar of ritunsion. The ation of mercury aftr titration ‘i coruraindicated {MICAL QUESTION shold th otal nut une ba dotted fora gen ‘fra amalgam produ? MECHANICAL TRTURATION “The objective of trturaton i to provide proper amalgams tion ofthe mercury and alo. These alway an one yer ‘of he alloy surface tat bineersdtfason of mercury inte the ‘alo. This film must be dicraptad so that 2 dean suriace of alloy can make inmate contact wah the mercury. The aie Lbyer is removed by abrasion when the alloy parties and mercury are rauraed. Trruratacs “The main mizing mechaniem of 2 mechanical triturator ie a recpcocating arm that holds te capaule under a protec five hood. The purpore of the hoed te to confine mescary that might escape into the mom oc to prevent 2 capmle from beng accidentaly Geced from the triturator during trituration A commonly tuad older model isa single-peed device wah an aulomatic timer for cantroing the length cf he mixing time. Later modes hare malliple speed set tings A modern tsturstor ifien microprocessor controlisd (Figure 15-5) and contains preset tituration programs for a number of materals. can also be programmed by the ‘operator to incude other materials. A cylindric mata or lati piston of maller diameter than the cape is inserted imo the capsule, and this serves as the pele (Figure 15-4, A & B). Spherical alloys fen do not need a pele (Figure 15.4, 0. ‘A treuraor should be wand a the speed ecomamencia O the alloy mansfacturer. der trturatoes da not operate at sufcien rae of spel to amalgamate high-copper lls Property wah minimal mercury. Self activating copeules ate ‘untlly very sensitive to trturaion speed ‘Mantlactures often prove a i of racommendad time schedulesand spend eettings for thet alloys and various types of triturators, Hecause of the peed variations in turers, ‘he schedule should serve only asa rough guide Dente and sss can acu the amalgamation imerequredto tain a mix of earrect consisincy Far a given alloy and mercury! alloy ratio, increased trturation time and/or speed shorten the working and setting time In addition alloys die in their wenstivity wo trituration time (Figuze 15-15). ‘A reanbe capaale should be dean and fre of previews smixed bandened alloy Al the end of each tsturation proce ure, oneshould quicily remove the perl from the capeals, replace the Bd, reinsert the xpeule in the triturator, tun it (for 2 second or two, and then remove the amalgam. This ruling procest generaiycoates the mito cohere so that it an be readily ronored fom the capmle with minimal resus inthe expel. the need af scraping cut prdaly hardened alloy, which ually produces seratches in he capae, Concttoncy of tho Mx “The proper time of mixing can be determined by observing the consistency ofthe mix. For example, the very grainy mix (Figure 15-14. A) indicatesundertstwration. Not only willthe ‘amalgam recoration made from thie mix be weak, but also fhe rough surface lef afer carving of the granular amalgam veil increase its euscepebiity to tarnish, [Pte tritaration hae ‘Produced an amalgam of the general appearance shown in Figure 15-14, the strength will be optimal and the smooth carved surface wil retain ie fuser long afer policing. Introduction to ee NESS Richard van Noort to maintain adaptation of the band to the tooth surface cevically and isepacates the teeth ighey. nce the wedge isin place the matrix can be loorened slightly to faclitate burnishing against the adjacene root. 21.6 Manipulative variables “The manipulation of amalgam involves the fol- lowing sequence of events. (1) Proportioning and dispensing: (2) Teituration; (3), Condensation; (4) Carvings (5) Polishing. The way in which each of these operations is gare ot hasan ef on the proper of te Proportioning and dispensing: Alloyimeecury ratios vary between $8 and 10: 8. Those mixes i Feaker quantities of mercury are “wetter” and are penerlly used with Band mixing. ‘Those mixes containing smaller quanciies of mercury are ‘drier’ and are generally used with mechanical mixing, Foe any given alloy/mercury ati, the nature ofthe mix may vary depending lupon the size and shape of the alloy particles. Spherical particle alloy, for example, equire less mercury to produce a workable mix. For optimum properties the final set amalgam should contain less than $0% meccury. Those materials used at alloy/mercury ratios at or approaching 5:8 require the removal of excess mercury following tturation and daring ‘condensation. "The optimal final mercury content ranges from an average of 45% for lathe-cut materials t an average of 40% for spherical materials. Hence, the amount of mercury required eo produce a Workable plastic mass of material is generally (greater than that requized oo produce optimal properties inthe set material. Ifto0 much mercury fs present in the nal see amalgam ic likely that too much of the relatively: hard 7 phase wall be converted into relatively weak and soft phase fand that a considerable amount of mercury will remain unreacted. If, onthe other hand, an attempt is made to use too lle mercury there may not be ‘enough to wet the surface of the alloy particles fand produce sufficient matric phase matenal t0 of aglas boric with aplastic, serew-top cap, The ‘cap has a spring-loaded plunger which releases a known volume af either mercary or alloy when depressed. This method of dispensation is rela tively accurate and reproducible for mercury but wolves the wie of either the contents of one envelope o one tablet with a given volume of mercory, FIGURE 15.13 Padeing fr to ep ind a om meu. a gh segs ‘tation speed Bake ines 12 ae 3 egret dsb wong wd crvng cms ces rape ecaus ofthe fon betwen partes dung tteation, such a aralgam mix hold be wars (ot bo when ‘removed fom the cape This wil hae eft on the Fyne proper of te anager tha oboe he time ome. Ovettartion ha rea from & Iigher speed or longer lig tne ret ster ‘ater (Figure 15-14, Cand the working tine shore wih a alighty higher wetog contraction Oe rem sees Fc aiae eure conta of the {hatrs phase (AQ tig) between the emaising aly prt ‘This reals from a reduction of ence mercury and pory thn the set amalgam ‘After the miatare made the increments of alloy shout ‘be carried to, and inserted nthe prepared cavity by exes of estrarents sch a al forceps oa ari designed for this purpose. Condensation of the amalgam ‘should then be promptly inated. The fld of operation mast Ie kept abut dry during condensation. Because of he ‘ature ofthe operation. endenstin usally acomplbed ‘wth four walls and » foot One or more walla may bea ‘hin het of talless te called a matrix Sutin! pest ‘shouldbe uted wo remove oid od o adapt the material 12 thewall Condensation Proceire “he condeser to ce. fred eto the amalgam as ane hand pone Condensation wun arte athe ‘ete, wd thes he cnc post sepped nreentaly toward the caty wah The fre requests depend 00 ‘he hae of he aay parte "Ar conden ofeach cent the mafae should ‘ey i appearance Tas ine ht hr uit (mera proce tk mie dite he et nce ‘Best 0 tht each incomes ade wil bo the (pecan oe Bw iprtan renove se of he 8 ‘ky marl troup foe vrae of ach nce “The procedar of ang an lncremen. condemn addi ante nse fr conte athe arty wwertied Any mceay rch mata a emf te lan increment wil be tomowed wen the fling ‘are the cvay aur ee ei some ean ut [ine wakes epee contention uote it oud ‘made jst blr he xg one we por when Sara w bot ata "A wel cendened aga restortion canbe acheed cy the mae bas a pope comune. A dy ay ‘nu(Pgse 1514 Ansa snndorm derby ed plas. a decrbed previo and ata i hard ‘et tt he tech hs probably Bes itd too kong In fiber case. «sew mir shoud be pepe The lege the {ie tht egos between ming and condensin, the ‘weaker ic ana wb (pt 15-15). Condensation of [uri wt mara ctr and brea p he mata hat 1S aeedy formed. dion, when the ay has fot cera ot of acy i iia condense without ‘producing ema vend and perig Condensation Presre “he ae of he condense ip and he xe exc on by ‘rope pres he conden pete (rt ftw ‘oe: When's es fre 8 apie the sale te con esse. he pet the roma cnr oe te amg If mercury was accomplished by squcsing a wringing the ‘mixed tnaigan in a squeeze Goth prot fo inueion ofthe {acrements ito the prepared cay However. the amount of mercury removed by the squeeze cloth proces aad dang condensation varied. Thus here was a considerable chance faeertoe Proportoning of Mercury and Alloy ‘Avwide vary of mercury and alloy dispensers are avalable ‘The most common isthe dispenser based a volume ro portioning. Preweghed pelts or tablet ae fst placed ina ‘pele. mechanical mining. the cpaueservesas amore ‘Asa lguid, mercury can be measured by volume without appreciable loss of accuracy. The dispenser should be bald ‘ertaly to ensure consistent dipensing of mercury. fesul in a reliable meruryalloy rat. However, these cap- ftles do not provide an opportunity to make minor aus rents in the mercury rato Ww accommodate peroeal Regardless ofthe method used, the proper amauat of ‘mercury and alloy always mast be proportioned before the Slut of tturation. The addition of mercury ater turaion ‘scontnindisted (Ocamcar question Mew hte ot ten tee tered 2 ren ‘ral magn esc "The objective of tsturatin sw provide proper amalgam ‘on ofthe mercury and alloy. There svat a aude aver ofthe alloy surtce hat indesdifusion of mercy nto the ‘Moy This ln must be darted so thet clean srce of the working and sening tees Ia adiion sys dif ‘Hei sens wo tata tine (Fgue 1513) ‘mized, dean aly A the ex of ach titration proce dare. coe should quilt remove the pene rom th apse, place the ok seer he capsle ithe tara, arm a fr a second er Dead then remove he amigas Ths ‘pulling proves pearly cases he mur 1 cobere wo hat (an be ready removed from the capmle with sinimal edu a the apse maccmies he end of sca Ot Partly hardened aly, wha wsealy produce sosiches 2 {he cpeaie Consistency ofthe Mc “The proper tne of ming can be deernned by observing the constency ofthe mir For example the wey gray mk (igure 15-16 4) indices wedertrtaration Not ely wilthe sealgen oacaice mate fom ths ma be weak bab {he rough sata eh aes carving of the rnc sigan, sil ncree ss septbelty rash ifthe earasoc as produced an amalgam ofthe general sppesrnce shows ia ‘igure 15-14 8, he sengih wil be optimal and he sooth (ved surice wil mene kr late long afer pobsing. and 28.1% capper by weight) putcs wo two part of Aga. provide a athe tt parle This nodicaton raises the opper content 10 118% by weight This oten called “dispersed phase alloy” ce “amined hgh-coppe six” ‘A second typeof high copper alloy was made by meting all component of the dspersed phase alloy. TAs process elds single composition sytem. The presence the igher {opper content rakes mechanical cuting of ngs into par "ides efi Ths, they ave often provided tx «spherak ‘oem tats roduced by an atoriatin proces. The copper ‘entent ofthis group of alos canbe a high a= 30% by ‘weight. Various tmouate find or alam ave been Ininded in some commer yes. Galum-Based Aye Im an atengt to elimisate mercury from direct metic ‘erortive mater, gain, which i leo bed whe loge with indium and sat room teperatare has bees ‘oosidered a a subsite. Like merccy this mel cement can be trturted wih aby or high copper amaigam. POWDER CONFIGURATION Dental amalgams are mide by mixag alloy powders wit mercury The the purelemerury iter face. Therefore, he ‘sed condition of the parties wil hae a siniantafluence onthe sting proces. Lathe-cut Powder To produc is ponder an acs got frst anes 2 ‘mun a uloem phase and then placed is «mulling Sachin ora athe tobe fragmented by acting ele Bi The powders obtained om eating ae acids 10 {she parcle during cating arent wna can sony be sefeeeved oe Une ther wil ease fe pec ‘mance of te amalgam be incasiteat Howewe, are ‘lief procen cane permed by annealing the powder Dams as moderate temperate Atomized Powder The lgud metal i tied nto Sie ephercl droplets of teal ina umber f inet gas Ifthe droplets soliy before Aftiog a succe the spb shape preserved a spherical powders. Lie the lthe-cut powders. spherical powers are (ven an snoring heat testment and surfce washing arte Sie The average price slns of modern powders ange between Sum and 35 yum. Seller purl grey inese the teefce an pe unt volume ofthe powder A pomder cmt ‘ning ny particles gues arene amount of mercury 1 fovm an acepable amalgam. Iris cial to malate a pial parte size and sie distebuon. “The artic se dturton can fet the charter ofthe Snihedsurhee, When he amalgam has petal ardened, ‘he tooth anatomy i carved in the amalgam wih sharp —-—._! Capper by meget roe te foraten of De maesaie ae a As dscesed exter madera deal amalgam alloys at sede the stemmentic compen ApS therfore. he ‘mereay Och meni the oy xpi coer sa ly a sgncane rie in the el microstracars of st amigas, Low-corPen Aus ‘The mate reactions flow copper iy prod alloy pases lacking the bocy-ceateed cab Ag. Hg (1) phase ad the Ieagona! Sg Gp pase (gue 15-7. Bath phases ae ‘dcuguaed asthe pate beceue ey happen be the tad Phase of he espectve Ag Fig and Seip sates Since he Soluly of sive ix sere is mach ower tha that of 2 the Ags. phase pespeats fot and Is deapasted 357. ‘wheres te Sig pase pepe later ans degre Sp Thee 6 cadence fem wry iactioe and ermal seas of set amalgen that a 8 pase, which sicher 2 ‘mercury han i rset i ow-coppe alo instead of ‘The case of a 8 pauses i tow copper amalgas sequins a= uevesaved quisuoe Fr the purpose of is di ‘aon te Se-Hg hae sessed ay, a this age “The low-apperslby 6 ssually mined with mencery a {to consume the ongiad aly patcles competi come (quently enced prices ar prsect nthe setaralga. ‘Tass 2 pica low copper amaigan compost which the unceommed parses re embedded within and 7 ‘see Ihe sngunceofsmsigartion of he vera alay Shows schemataly ia gare IS ota ifs) OUTLINE ‘alan ales slgaraten inet Yaipton of Aaya forfesontos Propet of Amiga Cina eemsnce af Safe of amaigan Fins se Murer key TERMS algunos caning merry Creep ib ume eendensrancr donation fot s race 2 ses he cee ees oe igh ge wegen bemran monn oa tn soos by Se axpoaten a mosnre m te panc mex urag & mowpuatar © 2 coy Der ain so stoma mcgraw i a wen Tyas 2 2 etme ecrmnclondjmatpnc compat Marginal beskiown De gua! facze ote pee er magna se mage Sng Toh eat atin ol gas beeen Se anagem Be ne Inuatan he mang ef anagem 32 @ cumca aveston ee ad mp Be i na ir ieee teat Py esata, a is se aloy the content ecu abgud Beene eens Wie al pe ag ee pene eee soles nto merry. At thes Farle coexit withthe Laid mercy. ging th ofliqidmercary inthe mare decess bythe frmation of poecipies he mae hardens Tes roves scaled umalgamation = lag toh Chines medio iterate in 69 « slp ng ad aba CHAPTER le OUTLINE ‘Aaa es ‘raganaten forecratens Pepetiescf Arig Sate fain los Dental Amalgams KEY TERMS ‘algae —te soy sing mary (ripe re ere se ements pce se Te cep pce eam sneer Sedans hey ng Deged gaan ze enn fray age by tw napostin of momge = ne Fegaotor Dera analgan—At aya ome by cng erry wet cea nd wich rojas conan pase Sine dcr sonar ns mproe Mans owas dom ‘eral amalgam aly ly for dent amagan—ts oy set copper ta ado ee. saga ekdowe ie ze! aan de poe a tases mi eg Tinraton ine mig af megan iy sac Un tia ads iack Raton a pricy gang ara ermea: aussron acy an ey bdr sean wi gut ery hw doh og powder fates ome eran component ens magn? ee 3 eget tater hart remeliere els vactmaipancrnetca mec araarpaerarpeacr sees deeeteaorios ‘eis the ua Bardens Te ros Chinese media 1833 by the Ceancour bothers, who were from Fane Since ten, njor modicatogs of GV. Backs formulation ‘tude the incorporation of «higher wper contest and ‘here partes both of which wereinboduced ia they ‘Dstn,Desptenslonghistory af sur asa restraint ‘a there have Been perio concerns rearing te oes tal adverse ath els ating for exposure to mercury ‘leased fom dental amalgam. Because of aac ina. sed eompostes and adn tecoloy in dent he ‘se of amalgam has devil substantia. Is ese may Be Ted in the near Stare td may evenly appear ‘fom the cniars artamestriam ‘eal sl apd sound sient falar wis te mural sre needed fo making high-quality retrain Even when to new amalgans are being paced ia patents, tere wl tl outs, Te esortons que peo exacts © ‘cide whether defective flings shoud be replaces reped 6 refed. However, thee clinal dcbions reque a2 derstanding of several ky tems commonly wed bythe {ntl profsson. inthis chips amalgastecture pope. al manbulaton charters ae Gace. eo ‘ih inert gu, of 3) as a manure of both Latecit and ‘phos parle (igure 13) cme 55 os of ne ey ets sagen Noy Origa thedentst speed aloy powder and mercery (na mera ad mined thes together with apse by hand “The process of ming i cle tration Lae the power was compacied the oem of eb wach were dspemed ‘long wah meray i rem apsle wih apse [Pare 15-0) and trated by a power-driven tart or aa paar (Fare 15-5). Tada, daposble amalgam capes ‘eid aatle (Fue 15-45 @ O) Each capac om {aim a predetermined smncat of ly powder and metary \naseaied pouch and the cape is sealed prevent ergo ton of te merry. There fsa tendeney to apt forthe sry fine part sk sae alloys because they are caaily carved gloe a tery alce surface Finkh, However the small particle sizeof the powder means that mee mercury will react with the alloy, giving 4 higher final meteury content and hence higher proportions of 7, andy. In addition, the early compressive strength of these amalgams is soul lower than thove of ansalyams made with lager alloy particles, Somme studies have shown thatthe use ofa very fine alloy powder gives rise to & higher rae of marginal Ibreakidown, an that is use is contraerlcated. Ircuntras, the cnarsc grained alloys ae dificult to carve because particles are easily didedge from th surface luring the inital et, Mesum or tine parties appeat to be the best compromise inthis respect The concern ower particle shape i 3 choice between. Ishe-cot and apherical allay, or peshape mmisture of the ten This bs very mach a matter of per- somal preference, but it is sid that the spherical allay system condense mory rely than te lathe alloy commpestions. [nthe en, this ie someting that only the dentist can decile, by being repre ta ary i= fenent types of amalgams. G ‘lca exidence is now sufficient to beable to say ‘hat high copper content amalgams are the amalgams of choice and the bolance Nias most certily swung in favour ofthe higt-eopper arnsigams. my ees Operator Variables The variables that are ander the contre’ of the demtst, and sehils may affect the final quality of the nest tion, are: + proportioning of the alloy ancl meraary * srimation + eondensaton carving and polling: Proportioning Propordioning i most commonly carla out using volumetric dispensers or preproportioned capsules. “The advantages of the latter ate that te dentist does not hive to worry ahowt getting the right ratio of alloy to: mercury (as this is prefived by the manacture), DENTAL AMLALGAMS BT and that there is lesselanger of mercury spillage during the bundling stages of amalgam placement. Unfors ately; che eapmules are more expensive thin buying the ally penser in hulk. Thus, the volumetric dispenser is a more attractive proposition to same dentists, bue it docs limit the ‘oice of the alloy to the fine-peained warty. as the ‘medium or enarse grained alloys ters to produce srratic mixes, On the other hand, the volimetric petier allows mote freedom in the allo-to-macteury fat, which a feature that appeals particularly Ao those dentists who like to start from a frly wet ‘mix, The high initia mercury content should prcsent no prem as long as 2 gond condensation technique 4s employed. It i important that a sullicently plastic ‘ic {5 obtained 1 allow. proper amalgamation ail Tauliny: a dry mnie should he avoided at all cost Gensel 41/1 ratio of alloy 90 mercury wll safe far the lathe-

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