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ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
GROUNDING CALCULATION
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APGREID SUBSTATION PROJECT

ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
GROUNDING CALCULATION

STATU APP COMPANY

REV. DATE REVISION MEMO ISSUED CHECK
S R. APPROVAL
0A IFR Issued For Review
 Document Number
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
GROUNDING CALCULATION
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REVISION TABLE
REVISIONS ATTACHMENTS
PAGES

REVISIONS

PAGES
REMARKS REMARKS

ATT
A B C D E
A B C D E

REVISIONS
EXHIBIT

PAGES

REMARKS
A B C D E
 Document Number
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
GROUNDING CALCULATION
Revision: 0A Status: IFR
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1. GENERAL......................................................................................................................... 4
2. REFERENCES..................................................................................................................4
3. ABBREVIATION................................................................................................................4
4. SCOPE.............................................................................................................................. 5
4.1 Electrical system neutral grounding..........................................................................5
4.2 Electrical safety grounding........................................................................................5
4.3 Electrostatic grounding.............................................................................................5
5. GROUNDING CALCULATION PARAMETER...................................................................5
5.1 Soil resistivity............................................................................................................ 5
5.2 Grounding conductor................................................................................................5
5.3 Grounding electrode.................................................................................................6
5.4 Tolerable step and touch voltage..............................................................................7
6. GROUNDING CALCULATION ANALYSIS RESULT..........................................................7
 Document Number
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
GROUNDING CALCULATION
Revision: 0A Status: IFR
Document Type: CAL System / Subsystem: Discipline: ELE Rev. Date:

CONTRACTOR DOCUMENT: Page: 4 of 8

1. GENERAL
The purpose of this document is to give guidance on the design of the grounding and
lightning protection system. The grounding system is provided for the safety of
personnel, equipment and the proper operation of the plant. The project specifications
and the applicable international standards are listed

This calculation will be revised whenever necessary to cope up with the changes on the
system components that may be caused by further engineering.

2. REFERENCES
The grounding and lightning protection system shall be design in accordance with the
applicable sections of the following standards and codes:

IEEE 142 IEEE Recommended Practice for Grounding of Industrial

and Commercial Power Systems
IEEE 80-2000 Guide for Safety in AC Substation Grounding
NFPA 70 National Electrical Code
NFPA 780 Standard for the Installation of Lightning Protection System

Soil Investigation Report

3. ABBREVIATION
kVA Kilo Volt Ampere
MVA Mega Volt Ampere
PF Power Factor
LF Load Factor
ACSR Aluminum conductors steel reinforced
GCB Generator Circuit Breaker
HV High Voltage
LV Low Voltage
LVSB Low Voltage Switch Board
MDB Main Distribution Board
SDB Sub Distribution Board
DB Distribution Board
Es Essential
E Emergency
 Document Number
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
GROUNDING CALCULATION
Revision: 0A Status: IFR
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4. SCOPE
This document includes the following systems:

4.1 Electrical system neutral grounding

The electrical ground system in medium voltage (>1000V) distribution system shall be
done by either isolation of transformer star point or by grounding the transformer star
point via a resistor.
The electrical ground system in low voltage (<1000V) distribution system shall be
established by direct grounding of the neutral conductor or transformer star point.

4.2 Electrical safety grounding

The safety grounding resistance shall not exceed 1 ohm.

4.3 Electrostatic grounding

To avoid hazardous operating condition because of static charge in the equipment, an
electrostatic grounding is foreseen.
The sources of static charging source in the plant include equipment with a surface
made of metal, steel structures, pipe racks, metal plate and etc. Each of those
equipments will be connected into plant main grounding system.

5. GROUNDING CALCULATION PARAMETER

5.1 Soil resistivity
Table below taken from soil investigation report on attachment 4:

Resistivity Depth
Location Soil material
(ohm.m) (Feet)
Crush rock surface 2500 0.328
Soil 17.28 3.28
Switchyard
Soil 48.55 9.84
Area
Soil 32.9 16.4
Soil 26.67 22.96

5.2 Grounding conductor

Grounding conductor to be used in this project is copper with the size 4/0 AWG lying at
the soil depth 1.64 feet. The conductor grid configuration refers to the drawing Layout
Grounding Line KETIGUL on attachment 1. ETAP drawing model 2D and 3D for the grid
configuration described on attachment 2.
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ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
GROUNDING CALCULATION
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5.3 Grounding electrode

The grounding electrode to be used in this project is as shown below..
Length = 9.84 feet
Diameter = 3 /4 inch
Total resistance of the grounding grid calculated in accordance with IEEE 80-2000
calculated as follows:
a) IEEE 80-2000 Equation No. 53
R1  R 2  R m2
Rg 
R1  R 2  2  R m
b) IEEE 80-2000 Equation No. 54

   2  LC  k1  LC 
R1   ln    k2 
  LC   a'  A 
c) IEEE 80-2000 Equation No. 55

R2 

2    nR  L R

 ln
 4  LR 
  1
2  k1  LR
 
2
nR  1 
  b  A 
d) IEEE 80-2000 Equation No. 56

   2  LC  k1  LC 
Rm   ln    k 2  1
  LC   LR  A 
Where:
Rg = total system resistance (Ω)
R1 = ground resistance of grid conductors (Ω)
R2 = ground resistance of all ground rods (Ω)
Rm = mutual ground resistance between the group of grid conductors, R1,
and group of ground rods, R2 (Ω)
ρ = soil resistivity (Ω.m)
LC = total length of all connected grid conductors (m)
a’ = a  2h for conductors buried at depth h (m)

2a = diameter of conductor (m)

A = area covered by conductors (m2)
k1 = coefficient, taken from IEEE 80 Figure 25 (a)
k2 = coefficient, taken from IEEE 80 Figure 25 (b)
LR = length of each rod (m)
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ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
GROUNDING CALCULATION
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2b = diameter of rod (m)

nR = number of rods placed in area A
L AREA = length area covered by conductor (m)
WAREA = width area covered by conductor (m)
hC = depth of ground conductor (m)

5.4 Tolerable step and touch voltage

Tolerable step and touch voltage for standard 70 kg weight person (used for this
analysis) is calculated as follows :
0.157
E step 70  (1000  6C s  s )
ts

0.157
E touch 70  (1000  1.5C s  s )
ts

Where,
Cs Surface layer derating factor
Ρs Surface layer resistivity crushed rock, 2500 Ohm.m
Ts Duration of shock for determining allowable body current. Table
10 IEEE 80 2000, 0.5 s
Cs calculated based on formula
    
0.09 1    

  s  
Cs  1 
2hs  0.09
Where
Ρ Soil resistivity Ohm.m
Hs Surface layer thickness in meter

6. GROUNDING CALCULATION ANALYSIS RESULT

Grounding calculation is carried out by using computer program “ETAP Power Station
7.0.0” from Operation Technology, Inc. which is follows to the IEEE 80-2000 standards.
 Document Number
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
GROUNDING CALCULATION
Revision: 0A Status: IFR
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Below is summary for the grounding calculation report, while complete ETAP calculation
shown on attachment-3

Grounding calculation
Area Grounding Total Touch Tolerable Step Tolerable
rod quantity resistance Potential touch Potential step
Value potential potential
Switchyard 720 0.64 ohm 584.5 595.9 1090.2 1891.5
Note: Above calculation used L-G short circuit data maximum 13 kA, X/R=8.5%
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ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
GROUNDING CALCULATION
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ATTACHMENT 1
GROUNDING LAYOUT PLAN
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ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
GROUNDING CALCULATION
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ATTACHMENT 2
ETAP 2D AND 3D MODEL
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ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
GROUNDING CALCULATION
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ATTACHMENT 3
GROUNDING CALCULATION REPORT
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ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
GROUNDING CALCULATION
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SOIL INVESTIGATION REPORT:

SOIL RESISTIVITY

Project : Ketigul Substation

Client : PT.Chevron Pacific Indonesia
Subject : Soil Resistivity Based on Soil Analysis
Date : 4 Februari 2010 /Rev.01

Data from soil analysis :

Fac Loc,Fac Name,Fac Unit, Sapml
Sampl Pt /
No Time Conductivity pH
e ID UWI,Well Nm/Proc#,Prod
Nm,Sample Nm
Unit Umho/cm -
CPI Specification
Method SM2510B SM 4500 H+
1 001-01 KETIGUL,POWER PLANT,BORE : 529 3,94
HOLE 03
2 002-01 KETIGUL,POWER PLANT,BORE : 206 4,52
HOLE 03
3 003-01 KETIGUL,POWER PLANT,BORE : 304 5,31
HOLE 03
4 004-01 KETIGUL,POWER PLANT,BORE : 375 5,72
HOLE 03
5 005-01 KETIGUL,POWER PLANT,BORE : 30,9 4,23
HOLE 04
6 006-01 KETIGUL,POWER PLANT,BORE : 215 4,91
HOLE 04
7 007-01 KETIGUL,POWER PLANT,BORE : 82,7 5,65
HOLE 04
8 008-01 KETIGUL,POWER PLANT,BORE : n/a 5,89
HOLE 04
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GROUNDING CALCULATION
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Resistivity based on soil investigation :

No Description Depth Conductivity Resistivity (Ω.m)

(m) (mhosicrn)
1 BORE HOLE,03 1 529 17,28
2 BORE HOLE,03 3 206 48,55
3 BORE HOLE,03 5 304 32,9
4 BORE HOLE,03 7 375 26,67
5 BORE HOLE,04 1 30,9 323,63
6 BORE HOLE,04 3 215 46,52
7 BORE HOLE,04 5 82,7 120,92
8 BORE HOLE,04 7 n/a n/a
Note ; Base on the Bangko Substation soil investigation

Sice data for bore hole 04 are not complete,data from bore hole 03 will be used in
this calculation.
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ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
GROUNDING CALCULATION
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Project : Ketigul Substation

Client : PT.Chevron Pacific Indonesia
Subject : Soil Resistivity Based on Soil Analysis
Date : 9 November 2009 /Rev.B

BASED,IEEE STD 80-2000

Annex B

Step 1 Field Data

Symbol Description Remark

 Soil resistivity, Ωm 17,28 Ωm/323,63 Ωm
s Surface layer resistivity Crushed rock, Ωm 2500 Ωm
3I0 Symmetrical fault current in substation for
Unknown
conductor sizing, A
A Total area enclosed by ground grid,m2
Cs Surface layer derating factor Unknown
d Diameter of grid conductor,m Unknown
D Spacing between parallel conductors,m Unknown
Dm Maximum distance between any two points 7m
on the grid ,m
Em Mesh voltage at the center of the corner mesh Unknown
for the simplited method , V
Es Step voltage between a point above the outer Unknown
corner of the grid and a point 1 m diagonally
outside the grid for the simpliled method ,V
Estep50 Tolerable step voltage for human with 50 kg Unknown
body weight ,V
Lp Square area ground 66m+77m+66m+77m
Estep70 Tolerable step voltage for human with 70 kg Unknown
body weight ,V
Etouch50 Tolerable touch voltage for human with 50 kg Unknown
body weight, V
Etouch70 Tolerable touch voltage for human with 70 kg Unknown
body weight, V
h Depth of ground grid conductors, m 0.5 m
hs Surface layers thickness, Crushed rock
IG Maximum grid current that flows between Unknown
ground grid and surrounding earth ( including
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ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
GROUNDING CALCULATION
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dc offset),A