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CONTENTS

1.0 INTRODUCTION

2.0 LOAD CALCULATION

3.0 DESIGN OF PILE FOUNDATION

4.0 ANNEXURE A (STAAD INPUTS)

5.0 ANNEXURE B (TIME PERIOD CALCULATION)

6.0 PILE CAPACITY CALCULATION

7.0 REFERENCES

1
DESIGN OF PILE FOUNDATION
INTRODUCTION

This design note deals with the design of pile foundation for piers RP244 to RP249 for the bridge. All the piers
supports equal spans of 43.8m. The Spherical bearings are suppported on RCC pier cap. The RCC circular pier
(2.5m diameter) is proposed for this bridge.

Six numbers 1800 dia. bored cast-in-situ piles are provided under the piers. The pile cap top level for these piers
are considered as 38.00m. Pilecap thickness has been considered as 2.70m
All the loads such as DL, SIDL & LL for the design are calculated in this design note. Analysis for live load is
done using STAAD Pro.
For working out seismic forces, analysis of the pier structure is carried out and horizontal seismic coefficient is

evaluated. To be on conservative side, pier is assumed fixed at pile cap top (thus, ignoring advantage of flexibility

of pile foundation) . As the bridge is situated in seismic zone III, therefore hydrodyamic effects & the vertical

seismic force are not considered.


The pile is restrained by spring supports along the length of pile representing soil stiffness with appropriate value
of ηh depending on the SPT value as per IS : 2911 (Part1/Sec2) - 2010.

The effects of water current forces are considered as per IRS:CBC Substructure and Foundation Code. Water
Current forces are considered upto maximum scour level.

The effects of wind forces are calculated as per IRS-Substructure and Foundation Code

Pile Loads are Estimated with Frame Theory as well as Rivet Theory(considering the assumption that Pilecap as a Rigid
Body and pileheads are hinged to pilecap). Details of both the cases are presented in design note and critical is considered.

Maximum Pile Load is estimated as 525T(With Frame Theory) and 460T(With Rivet Theory) under Normal LWL Condition.

Design of foundation is done in accordance with IRS:CBC with appropriate load factors as specified in DBR for
respective load combinations.
Annexure A represents the seismic coefficient calculations.
Annexure B Staad Inputs(Frame Theory)

2
Calculation of Dead load, Superimposed dead load

A. Dead Load

Total dead load of 43.8m span = 675.00 t


Total dead load of 43.8m span = 675.00 t

B. Superimposed Dead Load

SUPERIMPOSED DEAD LOAD = 8.50 t/m

Total superimposed dead load = 8.50 t/m


Total superimposed dead load for 43.8m span = 372.30 t
= 375.00 t (Say)
Total superimposed dead load for 43.8m span = 372.30 t
= 375.00 t (Say)

3
CALCULATION OF SIDL

4
CALCULATION OF DEAD LOAD OF GIRDER

Segment  X‐Section 
Section No. Length       Area       
(m) (m2)

PORTION1 28 5.460
PORTION2 5.6 5.688
PORTION3 5.6 6.466
PORTION4 1.35 7.017
PORTION5 2.65 12.000

Concrete Volume 262.2 m3
Weight 668.65 T

5
AREA CALCULATION

SECTION - 0
8800

200 285 200


1200.0 175 1200.0 500
700.0 335.8 745.0 2838.5 745.0 335.8 700.0

400.0 2650
1950

745 1521 745


234.4 234.4 260
240

1900 760 3480 760 1900


Outer Box

sr.no. x (mm) y (mm) a b c d f a.b a.c a.(c2 - f) a.(b2 - d) Perimeter

1 0.000 0.000 0.000 4.400 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 4.40
2 4.400 0.000 0.000 13.200 0.000 38.720 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 4.40
3 8.800 0.000 -1.760 17.600 0.200 77.440 0.000 -30.976 -0.352 -0.070 -408.883 0.20
4 8.800 0.200 -0.240 16.400 0.400 66.880 0.040 -3.936 -0.096 -0.029 -48.499 1.20
5 7.600 0.200 -3.940 14.500 0.900 52.440 0.140 -57.130 -3.546 -2.640 -621.771 0.86
6 6.900 0.700 -13.987 13.040 3.350 42.366 1.855 -182.390 -46.856 -131.023 -1785.799 2.09
7 6.140 2.650 -9.222 8.800 5.300 16.332 7.023 -81.154 -48.877 -194.284 -563.534 3.48
8 2.660 2.650 3.173 4.560 3.350 5.054 1.855 14.469 10.630 29.723 49.942 2.09
9 1.900 0.700 0.460 3.100 0.900 2.280 0.140 1.426 0.414 0.308 3.372 0.86
10 1.200 0.200 -0.240 1.200 0.400 0.000 0.040 -0.288 -0.096 -0.029 -0.346 1.20
11 0.000 0.200 0.000 0.000 0.200 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.20
1 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00

∑= -25.76 -339.98 -88.78 -298.04 -3375.52 20.99

A= 12.878 Iz' = 24.837 (about reference axis)


Sz = 56.663 (from reference axis) Iy' = 281.293 (about reference axis)
Sy = 14.797 (from reference axis) Iz = 7.836 (about section c.g.)
ez = 4.400 (from reference axis) Iy = 31.975 (about section c.g.)
ey = 1.149 (from reference axis)

Inner Box

sr.no. x (mm) y (mm) a b c d f a.b a.c a.(c2 - f) a.(b2 - d) Perimeter

1 2.236 0.460 0.734 5.217 0.745 6.664 0.131 3.829 0.547 0.311 15.081 0.77
2 2.981 0.285 0.809 8.800 0.570 17.346 0.081 7.119 0.461 0.197 48.614 2.84
3 5.819 0.285 -0.806 12.383 0.745 38.199 0.131 -9.982 -0.601 -0.342 -92.817 0.77
4 6.564 0.460 -11.397 12.470 2.610 38.766 0.989 -142.113 -29.745 -66.363 -1330.322 1.81
5 5.906 2.150 -3.137 11.066 4.560 30.476 5.182 -34.717 -14.306 -48.978 -288.569 0.79
6 5.161 2.410 -3.666 8.800 4.820 18.782 5.808 -32.260 -17.670 -63.876 -215.038 1.52
7 3.639 2.410 -0.849 6.534 4.560 10.534 5.182 -5.549 -3.872 -13.258 -27.308 0.79
8 2.894 2.150 3.475 5.130 2.610 6.471 0.989 17.830 9.071 20.238 68.980 1.81
1 2.236 0.460 0.000 2.236 0.460 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

∑= -14.84 -195.84 -56.11 -172.07 -1821.38 11.10

A= 7.418 Iz' = 14.339 (about reference axis)


Sz = 32.640 (from reference axis) Iy' = 151.782 (about reference axis)
Sy = 9.352 (from reference axis) Iz = 2.548 (about section c.g.)
ez = 4.400 (from reference axis) Iy = 8.164 (about section c.g.)
ey = 1.261 (from reference axis)

Net Properties
A= 5.460 m2 Iz' = 10.498 m4 (about reference axis)
Sz = 24.023 m2.m Iy' = 129.512 m4 (about reference axis)
Sy = 5.444 m2.m Iz = 5.071 m4 (about section c.g.)
ez = 4.400 m Iy = 23.806 m4 (about section c.g.)
ey = 0.997 m
5.0

6
SECTION - 1
8800

200 285 200


1200.0 175 1200.0 500
700.0 443.1 745.0 2623.8 745.0 443.1 700.0

500.0 2650
1950

745 1306.5 745


341.8 341.8 260
240

1900 760 3480 760 1900


Outer Box

sr.no. x (mm) y (mm) a b c d f a.b a.c a.(c2 - f) a.(b2 - d) Perimeter

1 0.000 0.000 0.000 4.400 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 4.40
2 4.400 0.000 0.000 13.200 0.000 38.720 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 4.40
3 8.800 0.000 -1.760 17.600 0.200 77.440 0.000 -30.976 -0.352 -0.070 -408.883 0.20
4 8.800 0.200 -0.240 16.400 0.400 66.880 0.040 -3.936 -0.096 -0.029 -48.499 1.20
5 7.600 0.200 -3.940 14.500 0.900 52.440 0.140 -57.130 -3.546 -2.640 -621.771 0.86
6 6.900 0.700 -13.987 13.040 3.350 42.366 1.855 -182.390 -46.856 -131.023 -1785.799 2.09
7 6.140 2.650 -9.222 8.800 5.300 16.332 7.023 -81.154 -48.877 -194.284 -563.534 3.48
8 2.660 2.650 3.173 4.560 3.350 5.054 1.855 14.469 10.630 29.723 49.942 2.09
9 1.900 0.700 0.460 3.100 0.900 2.280 0.140 1.426 0.414 0.308 3.372 0.86
10 1.200 0.200 -0.240 1.200 0.400 0.000 0.040 -0.288 -0.096 -0.029 -0.346 1.20
11 0.000 0.200 0.000 0.000 0.200 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.20
1 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00

∑= -25.76 -339.98 -88.78 -298.04 -3375.52 20.99

A= 12.878 Iz' = 24.837 (about reference axis)


Sz = 56.663 (from reference axis) Iy' = 281.293 (about reference axis)
Sy = 14.797 (from reference axis) Iz = 7.836 (about section c.g.)
ez = 4.400 (from reference axis) Iy = 31.975 (about section c.g.)
ey = 1.149 (from reference axis)

Inner Box

sr.no. x (mm) y (mm) a b c d f a.b a.c a.(c2 - f) a.(b2 - d) Perimeter

1 2.343 0.460 0.753 5.431 0.745 7.236 0.131 4.088 0.561 0.319 16.758 0.77
2 3.088 0.285 0.748 8.800 0.570 17.639 0.081 6.581 0.426 0.182 44.718 2.62
3 5.712 0.285 -0.787 12.169 0.745 36.881 0.131 -9.580 -0.587 -0.334 -87.542 0.77
4 6.457 0.460 -11.215 12.255 2.610 37.439 0.989 -137.443 -29.272 -65.307 -1264.508 1.81
5 5.798 2.150 -3.109 10.851 4.560 29.300 5.182 -33.740 -14.178 -48.543 -275.031 0.79
6 5.053 2.410 -3.149 8.800 4.820 18.933 5.808 -27.708 -15.176 -54.862 -184.215 1.31
7 3.747 2.410 -0.821 6.749 4.560 11.247 5.182 -5.543 -3.745 -12.822 -28.167 0.79
8 3.002 2.150 3.657 5.345 2.610 7.033 0.989 19.545 9.544 21.294 78.747 1.81
1 2.343 0.460 0.000 2.343 0.460 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

∑= -13.92 -183.80 -52.43 -160.07 -1699.24 10.67

A= 6.962 Iz' = 13.339 (about reference axis)


Sz = 30.633 (from reference axis) Iy' = 141.603 (about reference axis)
Sy = 8.738 (from reference axis) Iz = 2.373 (about section c.g.)
ez = 4.400 (from reference axis) Iy = 6.817 (about section c.g.)
ey = 1.255 (from reference axis)

Net Properties
A= 5.916 m2 Iz' = 11.498 m4 (about reference axis)
Sz = 26.030 m2.m Iy' = 139.690 m4 (about reference axis)
Sy = 6.059 m2.m Iz = 5.295 m4 (about section c.g.)
ez = 4.400 m Iy = 25.158 m4 (about section c.g.)
ey = 1.024 m
4.9

7
SECTION - 2
8800

200 285 200


1200.0 175 1200.0 500
700.0 550.4 745.0 2409.2 745.0 550.4 700.0

600.0 2650
1950

745 1294.5 745


347.8 347.8 260
500

1900 760 3480 760 1900


Outer Box

sr.no. x (mm) y (mm) a b c d f a.b a.c a.(c2 - f) a.(b2 - d) Perimeter

1 0.000 0.000 0.000 4.400 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 4.40
2 4.400 0.000 0.000 13.200 0.000 38.720 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 4.40
3 8.800 0.000 -1.760 17.600 0.200 77.440 0.000 -30.976 -0.352 -0.070 -408.883 0.20
4 8.800 0.200 -0.240 16.400 0.400 66.880 0.040 -3.936 -0.096 -0.029 -48.499 1.20
5 7.600 0.200 -3.940 14.500 0.900 52.440 0.140 -57.130 -3.546 -2.640 -621.771 0.86
6 6.900 0.700 -13.987 13.040 3.350 42.366 1.855 -182.390 -46.856 -131.023 -1785.799 2.09
7 6.140 2.650 -9.222 8.800 5.300 16.332 7.023 -81.154 -48.877 -194.284 -563.534 3.48
8 2.660 2.650 3.173 4.560 3.350 5.054 1.855 14.469 10.630 29.723 49.942 2.09
9 1.900 0.700 0.460 3.100 0.900 2.280 0.140 1.426 0.414 0.308 3.372 0.86
10 1.200 0.200 -0.240 1.200 0.400 0.000 0.040 -0.288 -0.096 -0.029 -0.346 1.20
11 0.000 0.200 0.000 0.000 0.200 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.20
1 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00

∑= -25.76 -339.98 -88.78 -298.04 -3375.52 20.99

A= 12.878 Iz' = 24.837 (about reference axis)


Sz = 56.663 (from reference axis) Iy' = 281.293 (about reference axis)
Sy = 14.797 (from reference axis) Iz = 7.836 (about section c.g.)
ez = 4.400 (from reference axis) Iy = 31.975 (about section c.g.)
ey = 1.149 (from reference axis)

Inner Box

sr.no. x (mm) y (mm) a b c d f a.b a.c a.(c2 - f) a.(b2 - d) Perimeter

1 2.450 0.460 0.772 5.646 0.745 7.830 0.131 4.356 0.575 0.327 18.552 0.77
2 3.195 0.285 0.687 8.800 0.570 17.909 0.081 6.042 0.391 0.167 40.875 2.41
3 5.605 0.285 -0.768 11.954 0.745 35.587 0.131 -9.186 -0.573 -0.326 -82.469 0.77
4 6.350 0.460 -9.336 12.142 2.350 36.778 0.869 -113.359 -21.940 -43.443 -1033.017 1.53
5 5.792 1.890 -2.914 10.839 4.040 29.235 4.064 -31.587 -11.773 -35.721 -257.192 0.79
6 5.047 2.150 -2.783 8.800 4.300 18.941 4.623 -24.492 -11.968 -38.595 -162.812 1.29
7 3.753 2.150 -0.626 6.761 4.040 11.287 4.064 -4.232 -2.529 -7.674 -21.546 0.79
8 3.008 1.890 3.248 5.458 2.350 7.370 0.869 17.727 7.632 15.112 72.819 1.53
1 2.450 0.460 0.000 2.450 0.460 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

∑= -11.72 -154.73 -40.18 -110.15 -1424.79 9.88

A= 5.861 Iz' = 9.179 (about reference axis)


Sz = 25.789 (from reference axis) Iy' = 118.733 (about reference axis)
Sy = 6.697 (from reference axis) Iz = 1.526 (about section c.g.)
ez = 4.400 (from reference axis) Iy = 5.263 (about section c.g.)
ey = 1.143 (from reference axis)

Net Properties
A= 7.017 m2 Iz' = 15.658 m4 (about reference axis)
Sz = 30.875 m2.m Iy' = 162.561 m4 (about reference axis)
Sy = 8.099 m2.m Iz = 6.313 m4 (about section c.g.)
ez = 4.400 m Iy = 26.714 m4 (about section c.g.)
ey = 1.154 m

8
STAAD INPUT FOR LL ANALYSIS:

STAAD PLANE
START JOB INFORMATION
ENGINEER DATE 31-DEC-2017
END JOB INFORMATION
INPUT WIDTH 79
UNIT METER MTON
JOINT COORDINATES
1 0 0 0; 2 1.15 0 0; 3 21.9 0 0; 4 42.65 0 0; 5 43.8 0 0; 6 44.95 0 0; 7 65.7 0 0; 8 86.45 0
0; 9 87.6 0 0;
MEMBER INCIDENCES
1 1 2; 2 2 3; 3 3 4; 4 4 5; 5 5 6; 6 6 7; 7 7 8; 8 8 9;
DEFINE MATERIAL START
ISOTROPIC CONCRETE
E 2.28e+006
POISSON 0.17
DENSITY 2.55
ALPHA 1e-005
DAMP 0.05
END DEFINE MATERIAL
MEMBER PROPERTY AMERICAN
1 TO 8 PRIS AX 1 IZ 1
CONSTANTS
MATERIAL CONCRETE ALL
SUPPORTS
2 6 FIXED BUT FX MZ
4 8 PINNED
MEMBER RELEASE
4 END FX FY FZ MX MY MZ
5 START FX FY FZ MX MY MZ
DEFINE MOVING LOAD
**CONFIGURATION 1
TYPE 1 LOAD 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17
DIST 2.5 12.6 2.5 4.5 2.5 12.6 2.5 4.5 2.5 12.6 2.5 4.5 2.5 12.6 2.5 4.5 2.5 12.6 2.5 4.5 2.5
12.6 2.5
**CONFIGURATION 2
TYPE 2 LOAD 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17
DIST 2.29 12.31 2.29 5.21 2.29 12.31 2.29 5.21 2.29 12.31 2.29 5.21 2.29 12.31 2.29 5.21 2.29
12.31 2.29 5.21 2.29 12.31 2.29
LOAD GENERATION 450
TYPE 1 -128.1 0 0 XINC 0.5
LOAD GENERATION 450
TYPE 2 -127.39 0 0 XINC 0.5
PERFORM ANALYSIS
PRINT SUPPORT REACTION LIST 4 6
FINISH

9
STAAD RESULTS FOR 43.8m-43.8m SPAN
CONFIGURATION 1 CONFIGURATION 2
Max. Reaction 135.33 74.39 Max. Reaction 135.32 74.9

Joint 4 Joint 6 (4+6) (4‐6) Joint 4 Joint 6 (4+6) (4‐6)


LOAD GEN. FORCE‐Y FORCE‐Y FORCE‐Y FORCE‐Y FORCE‐Y FORCE‐Y FORCE‐Y FORCE‐Y

1 ‐0.47 0.00 ‐0.47 0.47 ‐0.47 0.00 ‐0.47 0.47


2 ‐0.27 0.00 ‐0.27 0.27 ‐0.27 0.00 ‐0.27 0.27
3 ‐0.06 0.00 ‐0.06 0.06 ‐0.06 0.00 ‐0.06 0.06
4 0.14 0.00 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.00 0.14 0.14
5 0.35 0.00 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.00 0.35 0.35
6 0.08 0.00 0.08 0.08 0.17 0.00 0.17 0.17
7 0.49 0.00 0.49 0.49 0.58 0.00 0.58 0.58
8 0.90 0.00 0.90 0.90 0.99 0.00 0.99 0.99
9 1.31 0.00 1.31 1.31 1.40 0.00 1.40 1.40
10 1.72 0.00 1.72 1.72 1.81 0.00 1.81 1.81
11 2.13 0.00 2.13 2.13 2.22 0.00 2.22 2.22
12 2.54 0.00 2.54 2.54 2.63 0.00 2.63 2.63
13 2.95 0.00 2.95 2.95 3.04 0.00 3.04 3.04
14 3.36 0.00 3.36 3.36 3.45 0.00 3.45 3.45
15 3.77 0.00 3.77 3.77 3.85 0.00 3.85 3.85
16 4.18 0.00 4.18 4.18 4.26 0.00 4.26 4.26
17 4.59 0.00 4.59 4.59 4.67 0.00 4.67 4.67
18 5.00 0.00 5.00 5.00 5.08 0.00 5.08 5.08
19 5.41 0.00 5.41 5.41 5.49 0.00 5.49 5.49
20 5.82 0.00 5.82 5.82 5.90 0.00 5.90 5.90
21 6.23 0.00 6.23 6.23 6.31 0.00 6.31 6.31
22 6.64 0.00 6.64 6.64 6.72 0.00 6.72 6.72
23 7.05 0.00 7.05 7.05 7.13 0.00 7.13 7.13
24 7.46 0.00 7.46 7.46 7.54 0.00 7.54 7.54
25 7.87 0.00 7.87 7.87 7.95 0.00 7.95 7.95
26 8.27 0.00 8.27 8.27 8.36 0.00 8.36 8.36
27 8.68 0.00 8.68 8.68 8.77 0.00 8.77 8.77
28 9.09 0.00 9.09 9.09 9.18 0.00 9.18 9.18
29 9.50 0.00 9.50 9.50 9.59 0.00 9.59 9.59
30 9.91 0.00 9.91 9.91 10.00 0.00 10.00 10.00
31 10.32 0.00 10.32 10.32 10.10 0.00 10.10 10.10
32 10.43 0.00 10.43 10.43 10.72 0.00 10.72 10.72
33 11.04 0.00 11.04 11.04 11.33 0.00 11.33 11.33
34 11.65 0.00 11.65 11.65 11.95 0.00 11.95 11.95
35 12.27 0.00 12.27 12.27 12.13 0.00 12.13 12.13
36 12.88 0.00 12.88 12.88 12.95 0.00 12.95 12.95
37 13.19 0.00 13.19 13.19 13.77 0.00 13.77 13.77
38 14.01 0.00 14.01 14.01 14.59 0.00 14.59 14.59
39 14.83 0.00 14.83 14.83 15.41 0.00 15.41 15.41
40 15.65 0.00 15.65 15.65 16.23 0.00 16.23 16.23
41 16.47 0.00 16.47 16.47 17.05 0.00 17.05 17.05
42 17.29 0.00 17.29 17.29 17.87 0.00 17.87 17.87
43 18.11 0.00 18.11 18.11 18.69 0.00 18.69 18.69
44 18.93 0.00 18.93 18.93 19.51 0.00 19.51 19.51
45 19.74 0.00 19.74 19.74 20.33 0.00 20.33 20.33
46 20.26 0.00 20.26 20.26 20.84 0.00 20.84 20.84
47 21.28 0.00 21.28 21.28 21.86 0.00 21.86 21.86
48 22.30 0.00 22.30 22.30 22.89 0.00 22.89 22.89
49 23.33 0.00 23.33 23.33 23.91 0.00 23.91 23.91

10
50 24.35 0.00 24.35 24.35 24.51 0.00 24.51 24.51
51 25.07 0.00 25.07 25.07 25.74 0.00 25.74 25.74
52 26.30 0.00 26.30 26.30 26.97 0.00 26.97 26.97
53 27.53 0.00 27.53 27.53 28.20 0.00 28.20 28.20
54 28.76 0.00 28.76 28.76 29.42 0.00 29.42 29.42
55 29.99 0.00 29.99 29.99 30.65 0.00 30.65 30.65
56 31.21 0.00 31.21 31.21 31.88 0.00 31.88 31.88
57 32.44 0.00 32.44 32.44 33.11 0.00 33.11 33.11
58 33.67 0.00 33.67 33.67 34.34 0.00 34.34 34.34
59 34.90 0.00 34.90 34.90 35.57 0.00 35.57 35.57
60 36.13 0.00 36.13 36.13 36.80 0.00 36.80 36.80
61 37.36 0.00 37.36 37.36 38.03 0.00 38.03 38.03
62 38.59 0.00 38.59 38.59 39.26 0.00 39.26 39.26
63 39.82 0.00 39.82 39.82 40.48 0.00 40.48 40.48
64 41.05 0.00 41.05 41.05 41.71 0.00 41.71 41.71
65 42.27 0.00 42.27 42.27 42.94 0.00 42.94 42.94
66 43.50 0.00 43.50 43.50 44.17 0.00 44.17 44.17
67 44.73 0.00 44.73 44.73 45.40 0.00 45.40 45.40
68 45.96 0.00 45.96 45.96 46.63 0.00 46.63 46.63
69 47.19 0.00 47.19 47.19 47.86 0.00 47.86 47.86
70 48.42 0.00 48.42 48.42 49.09 0.00 49.09 49.09
71 49.65 0.00 49.65 49.65 50.32 0.00 50.32 50.32
72 50.88 0.00 50.88 50.88 51.54 0.00 51.54 51.54
73 52.11 0.00 52.11 52.11 52.77 0.00 52.77 52.77
74 53.33 0.00 53.33 53.33 54.00 0.00 54.00 54.00
75 54.56 0.00 54.56 54.56 54.88 0.00 54.88 54.88
76 55.44 0.00 55.44 55.44 56.32 0.00 56.32 56.32
77 56.88 0.00 56.88 56.88 57.75 0.00 57.75 57.75
78 58.31 0.00 58.31 58.31 59.18 0.00 59.18 59.18
79 59.75 0.00 59.75 59.75 60.15 0.00 60.15 60.15
80 61.18 0.00 61.18 61.18 61.79 0.00 61.79 61.79
81 62.27 0.00 62.27 62.27 63.43 0.00 63.43 63.43
82 63.90 0.00 63.90 63.90 65.07 0.00 65.07 65.07
83 65.54 0.00 65.54 65.54 66.71 0.00 66.71 66.71
84 67.18 0.00 67.18 67.18 68.34 0.00 68.34 68.34
85 68.82 0.00 68.82 68.82 69.98 0.00 69.98 69.98
86 70.46 0.00 70.46 70.46 71.62 0.00 71.62 71.62
87 72.10 0.00 72.10 72.10 73.26 0.00 73.26 73.26
88 73.73 0.00 73.73 73.73 74.90 0.00 74.90 74.90
89 57.82 17.39 75.21 40.43 58.98 17.39 76.37 41.59
90 58.91 17.18 76.09 41.73 60.07 17.18 77.25 42.89
91 60.54 16.98 77.52 43.56 61.71 16.98 78.69 44.73
92 62.18 16.77 78.95 45.41 63.35 16.77 80.12 46.58
93 63.82 16.57 80.39 47.25 64.99 16.57 81.56 48.42

11
94 47.91 33.75 81.66 14.16 48.52 33.67 82.19 14.85
95 48.99 33.34 82.33 15.65 50.16 33.26 83.42 16.90
96 50.63 32.93 83.56 17.70 51.79 32.85 84.64 18.94
97 52.27 32.53 84.80 19.74 53.43 32.44 85.87 20.99
98 53.91 32.12 86.03 21.79 55.07 32.03 87.10 23.04
99 55.55 31.71 87.26 23.84 56.71 31.62 88.33 25.09
100 57.19 31.30 88.49 25.89 58.35 31.21 89.56 27.14
101 58.82 30.89 89.71 27.93 59.99 30.80 90.79 29.19
102 60.46 30.48 90.94 29.98 61.63 30.39 92.02 31.24
103 62.10 30.07 92.17 32.03 63.26 29.98 93.24 33.28
104 63.74 29.66 93.40 34.08 64.90 29.57 94.47 35.33
105 65.38 29.25 94.63 36.13 66.54 29.16 95.70 37.38
106 67.02 28.84 95.86 38.18 68.18 28.75 96.93 39.43
107 68.66 28.43 97.09 40.23 69.82 28.34 98.16 41.48
108 70.29 28.02 98.31 42.27 71.46 27.93 99.39 43.53
109 71.93 27.61 99.54 44.32 73.10 27.52 100.62 45.58
110 73.57 27.20 100.77 46.37 74.73 27.11 101.84 47.62
111 75.21 26.79 102.00 48.42 76.37 26.70 103.07 49.67
112 76.85 26.38 103.23 50.47 78.01 26.29 104.30 51.72
113 78.49 25.97 104.46 52.52 79.65 25.89 105.54 53.76
114 80.13 25.56 105.69 54.57 81.29 25.48 106.77 55.81
115 81.76 25.15 106.91 56.61 82.93 25.07 108.00 57.86
116 83.40 24.74 108.14 58.66 84.57 24.66 109.23 59.91
117 85.04 24.33 109.37 60.71 86.20 24.25 110.45 61.95
118 86.68 23.92 110.60 62.76 70.33 41.27 111.60 29.06
119 70.81 40.94 111.75 29.87 71.38 40.65 112.03 30.73
120 71.85 40.33 112.18 31.52 73.01 40.04 113.05 32.97
121 73.49 39.71 113.20 33.78 74.65 39.42 114.07 35.23
122 75.13 39.10 114.23 36.03 76.29 38.81 115.10 37.48
123 76.77 38.49 115.26 38.28 60.33 55.54 115.87 4.79
124 60.89 55.30 116.19 5.59 61.46 54.72 116.18 6.74
125 61.94 54.48 116.42 7.46 63.10 53.90 117.00 9.20
126 63.58 53.66 117.24 9.92 64.74 53.08 117.82 11.66
127 65.21 52.84 118.05 12.37 66.38 52.26 118.64 14.12
128 66.85 52.02 118.87 14.83 68.02 51.44 119.46 16.58
129 68.49 51.20 119.69 17.29 69.65 50.62 120.27 19.03
130 70.13 50.39 120.52 19.74 71.29 49.80 121.09 21.49
131 71.77 49.57 121.34 22.20 72.93 48.98 121.91 23.95
132 73.41 48.75 122.16 24.66 74.57 48.17 122.74 26.40
133 57.53 65.36 122.89 7.83 58.70 64.78 123.48 6.08
134 58.58 64.33 122.91 5.75 59.74 63.75 123.49 4.01
135 60.22 63.31 123.53 3.09 61.38 62.73 124.11 1.35
136 61.86 62.29 124.15 0.43 63.02 61.70 124.72 1.32
137 63.49 61.26 124.75 2.23 64.66 60.68 125.34 3.98
138 47.62 77.67 125.29 30.05 48.70 77.00 125.70 28.30
139 48.67 76.44 125.11 27.77 49.83 75.77 125.60 25.94
140 50.30 75.21 125.51 24.91 51.47 74.54 126.01 23.07
141 51.94 73.98 125.92 22.04 53.11 73.31 126.42 20.20
142 53.58 72.75 126.33 19.17 54.74 72.08 126.82 17.34
143 55.22 71.52 126.74 16.30 56.38 70.86 127.24 14.48
144 56.86 70.29 127.15 13.43 58.02 69.63 127.65 11.61
145 58.50 69.07 127.57 10.57 59.66 68.40 128.06 8.74
146 60.13 67.84 127.97 7.71 61.30 67.17 128.47 5.87
147 61.77 66.61 128.38 4.84 62.94 65.94 128.88 3.00
148 63.41 65.38 128.79 1.97 64.58 64.71 129.29 0.13
149 65.05 64.15 129.20 0.90 66.21 63.48 129.69 2.73
150 66.69 62.92 129.61 3.77 67.85 62.25 130.10 5.60

12
151 68.33 61.69 130.02 6.64 69.49 61.02 130.51 8.47
152 69.97 60.46 130.43 9.51 71.13 59.79 130.92 11.34
153 71.60 59.23 130.83 12.37 72.77 58.57 131.34 14.20
154 73.24 58.00 131.24 15.24 74.41 57.34 131.75 17.07
155 74.88 56.78 131.66 18.10 76.05 56.11 132.16 19.94
156 76.52 55.55 132.07 20.97 77.68 54.88 132.56 22.80
157 78.16 54.32 132.48 23.84 79.32 53.65 132.97 25.67
158 79.80 53.09 132.89 26.71 80.96 52.42 133.38 28.54
159 81.44 51.86 133.30 29.58 82.60 51.19 133.79 31.41
160 83.07 50.63 133.70 32.44 84.24 49.96 134.20 34.28
161 84.71 49.40 134.11 35.31 85.88 48.73 134.61 37.15
162 86.35 48.17 134.52 38.18 87.52 47.51 135.03 40.01
163 87.99 46.94 134.93 41.05 71.05 63.54 134.59 7.51
164 71.52 62.98 134.50 8.54 72.69 62.11 134.80 10.58
165 73.16 61.55 134.71 11.61 74.32 60.68 135.00 13.64
166 74.80 60.11 134.91 14.69 75.96 59.24 135.20 16.72
167 76.44 58.68 135.12 17.76 60.04 75.19 135.23 15.15
168 78.08 57.25 135.33 20.83 61.13 73.55 134.68 12.42
169 61.61 73.08 134.69 11.47 62.77 71.92 134.69 9.15
170 63.25 71.44 134.69 8.19 64.41 70.28 134.69 5.87
171 64.89 69.80 134.69 4.91 66.05 68.64 134.69 2.59
172 66.53 68.16 134.69 1.63 67.69 67.00 134.69 0.69
173 68.16 66.53 134.69 1.63 69.33 65.36 134.69 3.97
174 69.80 64.89 134.69 4.91 70.97 63.72 134.69 7.25
175 71.44 63.25 134.69 8.19 72.60 62.08 134.68 10.52
176 73.08 61.61 134.69 11.47 74.24 60.45 134.69 13.79
177 74.72 60.61 135.33 14.11 75.88 59.44 135.32 16.44
178 58.25 76.44 134.69 18.19 59.41 75.28 134.69 15.87
179 59.89 74.80 134.69 14.91 61.05 73.64 134.69 12.59
180 61.53 73.16 134.69 11.63 62.69 72.00 134.69 9.31
181 63.17 71.52 134.69 8.35 64.33 70.88 135.21 6.55
182 64.80 70.52 135.32 5.72 48.41 86.83 135.24 38.42
183 48.34 86.35 134.69 38.01 49.50 85.19 134.69 35.69
184 49.98 84.71 134.69 34.73 51.14 83.55 134.69 32.41
185 51.61 83.07 134.68 31.46 52.78 81.91 134.69 29.13
186 53.25 81.44 134.69 28.19 54.42 80.27 134.69 25.85
187 54.89 79.80 134.69 24.91 56.05 78.63 134.68 22.58
188 56.53 78.16 134.69 21.63 57.69 77.00 134.69 19.31
189 58.17 76.52 134.69 18.35 59.33 75.36 134.69 16.03
190 59.81 74.88 134.69 15.07 60.97 73.72 134.69 12.75
191 61.45 73.24 134.69 11.79 62.61 72.08 134.69 9.47
192 63.08 71.60 134.68 8.52 64.25 70.44 134.69 6.19
193 64.72 69.97 134.69 5.25 65.89 68.80 134.69 2.91
194 66.36 68.33 134.69 1.97 67.52 67.16 134.68 0.36
195 68.00 66.69 134.69 1.31 69.16 65.53 134.69 3.63
196 69.64 65.05 134.69 4.59 70.80 63.89 134.69 6.91
197 71.28 63.41 134.69 7.87 72.44 62.25 134.69 10.19
198 72.92 61.77 134.69 11.15 74.08 60.61 134.69 13.47
199 74.55 60.13 134.68 14.42 75.72 58.97 134.69 16.75
200 76.19 58.50 134.69 17.69 77.36 57.33 134.69 20.03
201 77.83 56.86 134.69 20.97 78.99 55.69 134.68 23.30
202 79.47 55.22 134.69 24.25 80.63 54.06 134.69 26.57
203 81.11 53.58 134.69 27.53 82.27 52.42 134.69 29.85
204 82.75 51.94 134.69 30.81 83.91 50.78 134.69 33.13
205 84.39 50.30 134.69 34.09 85.55 49.14 134.69 36.41
206 86.02 48.67 134.69 37.35 87.19 48.10 135.29 39.09
207 87.66 47.62 135.28 40.04 70.72 63.97 134.69 6.75

13
208 71.20 63.49 134.69 7.71 72.36 62.33 134.69 10.03
209 72.83 61.86 134.69 10.97 74.00 60.69 134.69 13.31
210 74.47 60.22 134.69 14.25 75.64 59.53 135.17 16.11
211 76.11 58.58 134.69 17.53 59.76 75.52 135.28 15.76
212 77.75 57.53 135.28 20.22 60.81 73.88 134.69 13.07
213 61.28 73.41 134.69 12.13 62.45 72.24 134.69 9.79
214 62.92 71.77 134.69 8.85 64.08 70.61 134.69 6.53
215 64.56 70.13 134.69 5.57 65.72 68.97 134.69 3.25
216 66.20 68.49 134.69 2.29 67.36 67.33 134.69 0.03
217 67.84 66.85 134.69 0.99 69.00 65.69 134.69 3.31
218 69.47 65.21 134.68 4.26 70.64 64.05 134.69 6.59
219 71.11 63.58 134.69 7.53 72.28 62.41 134.69 9.87
220 72.75 61.94 134.69 10.81 73.92 60.77 134.69 13.15
221 74.39 60.89 135.28 13.50 75.55 59.73 135.28 15.82
222 57.92 76.77 134.69 18.85 59.09 75.60 134.69 16.51
223 59.56 75.13 134.69 15.57 60.72 73.96 134.68 13.24
224 61.20 73.49 134.69 12.29 62.36 72.33 134.69 9.97
225 62.84 71.85 134.69 9.01 64.00 71.16 135.16 7.16
226 64.48 70.81 135.29 6.33 48.12 87.15 135.27 39.03
227 48.01 86.68 134.69 38.67 49.17 85.52 134.69 36.35
228 49.65 85.04 134.69 35.39 50.81 83.88 134.69 33.07
229 51.29 83.40 134.69 32.11 52.45 82.24 134.69 29.79
230 52.93 81.76 134.69 28.83 54.09 80.60 134.69 26.51
231 54.56 80.13 134.69 25.57 55.73 78.96 134.69 23.23
232 56.20 78.49 134.69 22.29 57.37 77.32 134.69 19.95
233 57.84 76.85 134.69 19.01 59.00 75.68 134.68 16.68
234 59.48 75.21 134.69 15.73 60.64 74.05 134.69 13.41
235 61.12 73.57 134.69 12.45 62.28 72.41 134.69 10.13
236 62.76 71.93 134.69 9.17 63.92 70.77 134.69 6.85
237 64.40 70.29 134.69 5.89 65.56 69.13 134.69 3.57
238 66.03 68.66 134.69 2.63 67.20 67.49 134.69 0.29
239 67.67 67.02 134.69 0.65 68.84 65.85 134.69 2.99
240 69.31 65.38 134.69 3.93 70.47 64.21 134.68 6.26
241 70.95 63.74 134.69 7.21 72.11 62.58 134.69 9.53
242 72.59 62.10 134.69 10.49 73.75 60.94 134.69 12.81
243 74.23 60.46 134.69 13.77 75.39 59.30 134.69 16.09
244 75.87 58.82 134.69 17.05 77.03 57.66 134.69 19.37
245 77.50 57.19 134.69 20.31 78.67 56.02 134.69 22.65
246 79.14 55.55 134.69 23.59 80.31 54.38 134.69 25.93
247 80.78 53.91 134.69 26.87 81.94 52.75 134.69 29.19
248 82.42 52.27 134.69 30.15 83.58 51.11 134.69 32.47
249 84.06 50.63 134.69 33.43 85.22 49.47 134.69 35.75
250 85.70 48.99 134.69 36.71 86.86 48.38 135.24 38.48
251 87.33 47.91 135.24 39.42 70.90 64.30 135.20 6.60
252 71.38 63.82 135.20 7.56 72.03 62.66 134.69 9.37
253 72.51 62.18 134.69 10.33 73.67 61.02 134.69 12.65
254 74.14 60.54 134.68 13.60 75.31 59.38 134.69 15.93
255 75.78 58.91 134.69 16.87 59.47 75.85 135.32 16.38
256 77.42 57.82 135.24 19.60 60.48 74.21 134.69 13.73
257 61.47 73.73 135.20 12.26 62.12 72.57 134.69 10.45
258 62.59 72.10 134.69 9.51 63.76 70.93 134.69 7.17
259 64.23 70.46 134.69 6.23 65.39 69.29 134.68 3.90
260 65.87 68.82 134.69 2.95 67.03 67.66 134.69 0.63
261 67.51 67.18 134.69 0.33 68.67 66.02 134.69 2.65
262 69.15 65.54 134.69 3.61 70.31 64.38 134.69 5.93
263 70.79 63.90 134.69 6.89 71.95 62.74 134.69 9.21
264 72.42 62.27 134.69 10.15 73.59 61.10 134.69 12.49

14
265 74.06 61.18 135.24 12.88 75.23 60.02 135.25 15.21
266 58.11 77.09 135.20 18.98 59.27 75.93 135.20 16.66
267 59.54 75.46 135.00 15.92 60.70 74.29 134.99 13.59
268 60.97 73.82 134.79 12.85 62.14 72.65 134.79 10.51
269 62.41 72.18 134.59 9.77 63.57 71.01 134.58 7.44
270 63.84 71.09 134.93 7.25 47.53 87.48 135.01 39.95
271 47.68 87.01 134.69 39.33 48.76 85.84 134.60 37.08
272 48.91 85.37 134.28 36.46 49.99 84.21 134.20 34.22
273 50.14 83.73 133.87 33.59 51.22 82.57 133.79 31.35
274 51.37 82.09 133.46 30.72 52.45 80.93 133.38 28.48
275 52.60 80.45 133.05 27.85 53.67 79.29 132.96 25.62
276 53.83 78.81 132.64 24.98 54.90 77.65 132.55 22.75
277 55.06 77.18 132.24 22.12 56.13 76.01 132.14 19.88
278 56.28 75.54 131.82 19.26 57.36 74.37 131.73 17.01
279 57.51 73.90 131.41 16.39 58.59 72.74 131.33 14.15
280 58.74 72.26 131.00 13.52 59.82 71.10 130.92 11.28
281 59.97 70.62 130.59 10.65 61.05 69.46 130.51 8.41
282 61.20 68.98 130.18 7.78 62.28 67.82 130.10 5.54
283 62.43 67.34 129.77 4.91 63.51 66.18 129.69 2.67
284 63.66 65.71 129.37 2.05 64.74 64.54 129.28 0.20
285 64.89 64.07 128.96 0.82 65.96 62.90 128.86 3.06
286 66.12 62.43 128.55 3.69 67.19 61.27 128.46 5.92
287 67.34 60.79 128.13 6.55 68.42 59.63 128.05 8.79
288 68.57 59.15 127.72 9.42 69.65 57.99 127.64 11.66
289 69.80 57.51 127.31 12.29 70.88 56.35 127.23 14.53
290 71.03 55.87 126.90 15.16 72.11 54.71 126.82 17.40
291 72.26 54.24 126.50 18.02 73.34 53.07 126.41 20.27
292 73.49 52.60 126.09 20.89 74.57 51.43 126.00 23.14
293 74.72 50.96 125.68 23.76 75.80 49.80 125.60 26.00
294 75.95 49.32 125.27 26.63 77.02 48.67 125.69 28.35
295 77.18 48.19 125.37 28.99 60.70 64.62 125.32 3.92
296 60.85 64.15 125.00 3.30 61.72 62.99 124.71 1.27
297 61.88 62.51 124.39 0.63 62.75 61.35 124.10 1.40
298 62.90 60.87 123.77 2.03 63.77 59.71 123.48 4.06
299 63.92 59.23 123.15 4.69 64.80 58.67 123.47 6.13
300 64.95 58.11 123.06 6.84 48.18 74.54 122.72 26.36
301 48.42 74.06 122.48 25.64 49.00 72.90 121.90 23.90
302 49.24 72.42 121.66 23.18 49.82 71.26 121.08 21.44
303 50.06 70.79 120.85 20.73 50.64 69.62 120.26 18.98
304 50.88 69.15 120.03 18.27 51.46 67.98 119.44 16.52
305 51.70 67.51 119.21 15.81 52.28 66.35 118.63 14.07
306 52.52 65.87 118.39 13.35 53.10 64.71 117.81 11.61
307 53.33 64.23 117.56 10.90 53.92 63.07 116.99 9.15
308 54.15 62.59 116.74 8.44 54.74 61.43 116.17 6.69
309 54.97 61.47 116.44 6.50 55.56 60.30 115.86 4.74
310 38.24 77.42 115.66 39.18 38.82 76.26 115.08 37.44
311 38.85 75.78 114.63 36.93 39.44 74.62 114.06 35.18
312 39.47 74.14 113.61 34.67 40.05 72.98 113.03 32.93
313 40.08 72.51 112.59 32.43 40.66 71.34 112.00 30.68
314 40.70 71.38 112.08 30.68 41.28 70.30 111.58 29.02
315 23.76 87.33 111.09 63.57 24.25 86.17 110.42 61.92
316 24.17 85.70 109.87 61.53 24.66 84.53 109.19 59.87
317 24.58 84.06 108.64 59.48 25.07 82.89 107.96 57.82
318 24.99 82.42 107.41 57.43 25.48 81.26 106.74 55.78
319 25.40 80.78 106.18 55.38 25.89 79.62 105.51 53.73
320 25.81 79.14 104.95 53.33 26.30 77.98 104.28 51.68
321 26.22 77.50 103.72 51.28 26.71 76.34 103.05 49.63

15
322 26.63 75.87 102.50 49.24 27.12 74.70 101.82 47.58
323 27.04 74.23 101.27 47.19 27.53 73.06 100.59 45.53
324 27.45 72.59 100.04 45.14 27.94 71.42 99.36 43.48
325 27.86 70.95 98.81 43.09 28.35 69.79 98.14 41.44
326 28.27 69.31 97.58 41.04 28.76 68.15 96.91 39.39
327 28.67 67.67 96.34 39.00 29.17 66.51 95.68 37.34
328 29.08 66.03 95.11 36.95 29.58 64.87 94.45 35.29
329 29.49 64.40 93.89 34.91 29.99 63.23 93.22 33.24
330 29.90 62.76 92.66 32.86 30.40 61.59 91.99 31.19
331 30.31 61.12 91.43 30.81 30.81 59.95 90.76 29.14
332 30.72 59.48 90.20 28.76 31.22 58.32 89.54 27.10
333 31.13 57.84 88.97 26.71 31.63 56.68 88.31 25.05
334 31.54 56.20 87.74 24.66 32.04 55.04 87.08 23.00
335 31.95 54.56 86.51 22.61 32.45 53.40 85.85 20.95
336 32.36 52.93 85.29 20.57 32.86 51.76 84.62 18.90
337 32.77 51.29 84.06 18.52 33.27 50.12 83.39 16.85
338 33.18 49.65 82.83 16.47 33.68 48.48 82.16 14.80
339 33.59 48.01 81.60 14.42 16.57 64.95 81.52 48.38
340 16.49 64.48 80.97 47.99 16.78 63.31 80.09 46.53
341 16.69 62.84 79.53 46.15 16.98 61.68 78.66 44.70
342 16.90 61.20 78.10 44.30 17.19 60.04 77.23 42.85
343 17.10 59.56 76.66 42.46 17.39 58.96 76.35 41.57
344 17.31 57.92 75.23 40.61 0.00 74.87 74.87 74.87
345 0.00 74.39 74.39 74.39 0.00 73.23 73.23 73.23
346 0.00 72.75 72.75 72.75 0.00 71.59 71.59 71.59
347 0.00 71.11 71.11 71.11 0.00 69.95 69.95 69.95
348 0.00 69.47 69.47 69.47 0.00 68.31 68.31 68.31
349 0.00 67.84 67.84 67.84 0.00 66.67 66.67 66.67
350 0.00 66.20 66.20 66.20 0.00 65.03 65.03 65.03
351 0.00 64.56 64.56 64.56 0.00 63.40 63.40 63.40
352 0.00 62.92 62.92 62.92 0.00 61.76 61.76 61.76
353 0.00 61.28 61.28 61.28 0.00 60.12 60.12 60.12
354 0.00 60.32 60.32 60.32 0.00 59.16 59.16 59.16
355 0.00 58.89 58.89 58.89 0.00 57.72 57.72 57.72
356 0.00 57.45 57.45 57.45 0.00 56.29 56.29 56.29
357 0.00 56.02 56.02 56.02 0.00 54.85 54.85 54.85
358 0.00 54.58 54.58 54.58 0.00 53.98 53.98 53.98
359 0.00 53.83 53.83 53.83 0.00 52.75 52.75 52.75
360 0.00 52.60 52.60 52.60 0.00 51.52 51.52 51.52
361 0.00 51.37 51.37 51.37 0.00 50.29 50.29 50.29
362 0.00 50.14 50.14 50.14 0.00 49.06 49.06 49.06
363 0.00 48.91 48.91 48.91 0.00 47.83 47.83 47.83
364 0.00 47.68 47.68 47.68 0.00 46.60 46.60 46.60
365 0.00 46.45 46.45 46.45 0.00 45.38 45.38 45.38
366 0.00 45.22 45.22 45.22 0.00 44.15 44.15 44.15
367 0.00 44.00 44.00 44.00 0.00 42.92 42.92 42.92
368 0.00 42.77 42.77 42.77 0.00 41.69 41.69 41.69
369 0.00 41.54 41.54 41.54 0.00 40.46 40.46 40.46
370 0.00 40.31 40.31 40.31 0.00 39.23 39.23 39.23
371 0.00 39.08 39.08 39.08 0.00 38.00 38.00 38.00
372 0.00 37.85 37.85 37.85 0.00 36.77 36.77 36.77
373 0.00 36.62 36.62 36.62 0.00 35.54 35.54 35.54
374 0.00 35.39 35.39 35.39 0.00 34.32 34.32 34.32
375 0.00 34.16 34.16 34.16 0.00 33.09 33.09 33.09
376 0.00 32.93 32.93 32.93 0.00 31.86 31.86 31.86
377 0.00 31.71 31.71 31.71 0.00 30.63 30.63 30.63
378 0.00 30.48 30.48 30.48 0.00 29.40 29.40 29.40

16
379 0.00 29.25 29.25 29.25 0.00 28.17 28.17 28.17
380 0.00 28.02 28.02 28.02 0.00 26.94 26.94 26.94
381 0.00 26.79 26.79 26.79 0.00 25.71 25.71 25.71
382 0.00 25.56 25.56 25.56 0.00 24.48 24.48 24.48
383 0.00 24.33 24.33 24.33 0.00 23.89 23.89 23.89
384 0.00 23.74 23.74 23.74 0.00 22.87 22.87 22.87
385 0.00 22.71 22.71 22.71 0.00 21.84 21.84 21.84
386 0.00 21.69 21.69 21.69 0.00 20.82 20.82 20.82
387 0.00 20.67 20.67 20.67 0.00 20.31 20.31 20.31
388 0.00 19.64 19.64 19.64 0.00 19.49 19.49 19.49
389 0.00 19.25 19.25 19.25 0.00 18.67 18.67 18.67
390 0.00 18.43 18.43 18.43 0.00 17.85 17.85 17.85
391 0.00 17.61 17.61 17.61 0.00 17.03 17.03 17.03
392 0.00 16.80 16.80 16.80 0.00 16.21 16.21 16.21
393 0.00 15.98 15.98 15.98 0.00 15.39 15.39 15.39
394 0.00 15.16 15.16 15.16 0.00 14.57 14.57 14.57
395 0.00 14.34 14.34 14.34 0.00 13.76 13.76 13.76
396 0.00 13.52 13.52 13.52 0.00 12.94 12.94 12.94
397 0.00 12.70 12.70 12.70 0.00 12.12 12.12 12.12
398 0.00 12.51 12.51 12.51 0.00 11.93 11.93 11.93
399 0.00 11.90 11.90 11.90 0.00 11.32 11.32 11.32
400 0.00 11.29 11.29 11.29 0.00 10.70 10.70 10.70
401 0.00 10.67 10.67 10.67 0.00 10.09 10.09 10.09
402 0.00 10.06 10.06 10.06 0.00 9.99 9.99 9.99
403 0.00 10.08 10.08 10.08 0.00 9.58 9.58 9.58
404 0.00 9.67 9.67 9.67 0.00 9.17 9.17 9.17
405 0.00 9.26 9.26 9.26 0.00 8.76 8.76 8.76
406 0.00 8.85 8.85 8.85 0.00 8.35 8.35 8.35
407 0.00 8.44 8.44 8.44 0.00 7.94 7.94 7.94
408 0.00 8.03 8.03 8.03 0.00 7.53 7.53 7.53
409 0.00 7.62 7.62 7.62 0.00 7.12 7.12 7.12
410 0.00 7.21 7.21 7.21 0.00 6.71 6.71 6.71
411 0.00 6.80 6.80 6.80 0.00 6.30 6.30 6.30
412 0.00 6.39 6.39 6.39 0.00 5.89 5.89 5.89
413 0.00 5.98 5.98 5.98 0.00 5.49 5.49 5.49
414 0.00 5.57 5.57 5.57 0.00 5.08 5.08 5.08
415 0.00 5.16 5.16 5.16 0.00 4.67 4.67 4.67
416 0.00 4.75 4.75 4.75 0.00 4.26 4.26 4.26
417 0.00 4.34 4.34 4.34 0.00 3.85 3.85 3.85
418 0.00 3.93 3.93 3.93 0.00 3.44 3.44 3.44
419 0.00 3.52 3.52 3.52 0.00 3.03 3.03 3.03
420 0.00 3.11 3.11 3.11 0.00 2.62 2.62 2.62
421 0.00 2.70 2.70 2.70 0.00 2.21 2.21 2.21
422 0.00 2.29 2.29 2.29 0.00 1.80 1.80 1.80
423 0.00 1.88 1.88 1.88 0.00 1.39 1.39 1.39
424 0.00 1.47 1.47 1.47 0.00 0.98 0.98 0.98
425 0.00 1.07 1.07 1.07 0.00 0.57 0.57 0.57
426 0.00 0.66 0.66 0.66 0.00 0.16 0.16 0.16
427 0.00 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.00 0.34 0.34 0.34
428 0.00 0.43 0.43 0.43 0.00 0.14 0.14 0.14
429 0.00 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.00 ‐0.07 ‐0.07 0.07
430 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.00 ‐0.27 ‐0.27 0.27
431 0.00 ‐0.18 ‐0.18 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
432 0.00 ‐0.39 ‐0.39 0.39 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

17
2. Load calculations: Piers RP244 to RP249

Span free on the pier/Right Span = 43.8 m


Span fixed to the pier/Left Span = 43.8 m
Radius of curvature = 600000 m
Rail Level = 56.831 m
Total width of the Viaduct = 8.800 m
Total carriageway & footpath if considered = 6.000 m
Highest flood level = 48.300 m
Maximum Scour Level = 17.600 m
Ground level = 38.50 m
Earth cushion below ground level = 0.5 m
Pile cap bottom = 35.30 m
Bearing level = 53.701 m
Pier cap top level = 53.251 m
Depth of pier cap = 2m
Pier top level = 51.251 m
Pier bottom level = 38.00 m
In case of curved span, the C. G of superstructure is not in line with the centreline alignment therefore eccentricity due to curvature has
to be taken into account.
Eccentricity = 2/3 of versine y
Versine, y = R - Rcosθ
2
cosθ = sqrt(1 - sin θ)
sinθ = L/2R

Span Right Span Left Span


L 43.8 43.8 m
cosθ 1.000 1.000 radians
versine, y 0.00 0.00 m
Eccentricity 0.00 0.00 m

1: Loads due to DL, SIDL & FPLL : Refer Subsequent Pages

I: Due to DL
Dst. Btw cl exp. Joint Longitudinal Transverse
Loads from (t) Dst. Btw cl of pier & cl brg (m)
& cl brg (m) moment ( tm ) moment ( tm )
Bearings
Free/Right Fixed/Left Free/Right Fixed/Left Free/Right Fixed/Left
span span span span span span
Total 337.50 337.50 1.15 1.15 0.00 55.18
**Transerve moment due to platform connected to pier cap is considered here.
II: Due to SIDL
Dst. Btw cl exp. Joint Longitudinal Transverse
Loads from (t) Dst. Btw cl of pier & cl brg (m)
& cl brg (m) moment ( tm ) moment ( tm )
Bearings
Free/Right Fixed/Left Free/Right Fixed/Left Free/Right Fixed/Left
span span span span span span
Total 187.50 187.50 1.15 1.15 0.00 0.10

V: Weight of pier cap 4.20 m


Transverse section of pier cap 1.00 m

1.00 m
2.55 m
2
Area of pier cap = 7.58 m
Width of pier cap = 4.10 m
3
Volume of pier cap = 31.06 m
3
Density of concrete = 2.55 t/m
Total weight of pier cap = 79.20 t 85.00 t (Including pedestals etc.)

18
2: Loads due to LL:

Loads from (t) Dst. Btw cl exp. Joint Longitudinal Transverse Remarks
& cl brg (m) moment ( tm ) moment ( tm )
Case
Free/Right Fixed/Left Free/Right Fixed/Left
span span span span

Max. V case 175.98 93.88 94.42 0.07 BOTH TRACK LOADED

Max. ML case 0.00 148.78 1.15 1.15 171.10 0.04 BOTH TRACK LOADED

Max. MT case 87.99 46.94 47.21 283.39 SINGLE TRACK LOADED

3: Horizontal force on a pier in normal condition:


Arrangement to transfer
POT-PTFE
horizontal force

(43.8) FR FX (43.8)
SPHERICAL BRG

RP244 to
RP249

For span of 43.8m : Eight axles can accommodate on this span


Therefore total horizantal force for individual spans:
On 43.8m On 43.8m
With Eight axles of train, Fh = 51.7 51.7 t
Governing Fh = 51.7 51.7 t
(i) TRANSFERING HORIZONTAL FORCE THROUGH SPHERICAL BEARINGS
Force on fixed bearing = Fh - *(Rg + Rq) OR Fh/2 + *(Rg + Rq)
Force on free bearing = *(Rg + Rq)
Where,
Fh = Applied horizontal force
Rg = Reaction due to dead load
Rq = Reaction due to live load
 = Coefficient of friction at movable bearings  (0.05)
 (0.03)
Horizontal force on free bearing = 15.75 t
Rg = 525.00 t
Rq = 148.78 t

Horizontal force on fixed bearing = 59.53 t


Rg = 525.00 t
Rq = 148.78 t

Total force on a pier = 59.53 t (Force on free bearing is ignored as of opposite direction)

Governing force to be considered


= 59.53 t
on pier

19
3: Buoyant force due to pier, pier cap & pile cap:

I: Pile cap:
2
Size of pile cap = 7.70 x 13.10 m
Depth of pile cap = 2.70 m
Density of water = 1.00 t/m3

Buoyant force due to pile cap = 320.33 t (Including earth cushion)

II: Pier & pier cap (if submerged) :


Highest flood level = 48.30 m
Pier cap top level = 53.251 m
Pier top level = 51.251 m
Pier bottom level = 38.00 m
* Only pier is submerged

Submerged height of pier = 10.30 m


Dia of pier = 2.50 m
Density of water = 1.00 t/m3

Buoyant force due to pier = 50.56 t

Submerged height of pier cap = 0.00 m


Area of submerged pier cap = 0.00 m2 0.00
3
Volume of submerged pier cap = 0.00 m

Buoyant force due to pier cap = 0.00 t

Therefore, total buoyant force = 370.9 t HFL CONDITION


Therefore, total buoyant force = 335.5 t LWL CONDITION

4: Horizontal forces due to water current:

2
P = KAV
Where,
P = Intensity of pressure due to water current, in kg/m2
V = Velocity of current at the point where the pressure intensity is being calculated, in m/s
K = a constant depends on shape of the pier
2 V2
Free surface of water

U2 Square of velocity at a height ' X' from the point of deepest scour = U2 =
H 2*V2*X / H
X Where, V is the maximum mean velocity
Point of deepest scour

Highest flood level = 48.3 m


scour level = 17.6 m
H = 31 m
Width of pier cap = 2.55 m
Avg. Length of pier cap = 3.38 m
Dia. of pier = 2.50 m
Max. mean velocity of flow = 4.65 m/s

20
2
2V = 43.25 3.416 t/m2 8.71 t/m
3.416 t/m2 0.00 m 11.53 t/m Pier cap bottom level
Pier top level 1.514 t/m2 3.78 t/m
10.300 m
Pier bottom level 1.006 t/m2 2.51 t/m 30.70 m
K (For pier in transverse direction) = 35 2.270 t/m2 2.70 m 17.48 t/m Pile cap bottom level
K (For pier in longitudinal direction) = 35 1.970 t/m2 15.17 t/m Scour level
K (For pier cap & pile cap) = 79 Pressure distribution Force distribution
Note: Pressure distribution & force distribution diagram shown above (When water current force acts only in transverse
direction)
Transverse direction Longitudinal direction
Total force on pier cap = 0.00 t 0.00 t
C.G of force from pier bottom = 10.30 m 10.30 m
C.G of force from pile cap bottom = 13.00 m 13.00 m
Moment at base of pier = 0.00 tm 0.00 tm
Moment at base of pile cap = 0.00 tm 0.00 tm

Total force on pier = 32.44 t 0.00 t Force is long. direction for circular pier
C.G of force from pier bottom = 5.50 m 5.50 m not considered as per Cl. 5.9.2.4 of IRS
C.G of force from pile cap bottom = 8.20 m 8.20 m Substructure and Foundation Code
Moment at base of pier = 178.27 tm 0.00 tm
Moment at base of pile cap = 265.85 tm 0.00 tm

Total force on pile cap = 44.07 t 15.43 t


C.G of force from pile cap bottom = 1.38 m 1.38 m
Moment at base of pile cap = 60.90 tm 21.32 tm

Therefore, total water current force = 76.51 t 15.43 t

Total water current force in transverse direction = 76.5 t


Total water current force in longitudinal direction = 15.4 t

5: Hydrodynamic forces:
As per IITK-RDSO, these forces shall be considered in the design of bridges in zones IV & V.

21
Calculation of Water Current Forces on Piles
Level at the point of the deepest scour, MSL = 17.600 m
Level at the point of the Highest Flood Level, HFL = 48.30 m
Level at pier Bottom Level, PBL = 38.00 m
Level at PileCap Bottom Level, PCAPBL = 35.30 m
Angle of water current flow to the pier = 0.00 degrees

Traffic Dir. HFL        @ E.L. 48.300 6.58 m/s

2.50

PBL @  E.L. 38.000 5.36 m/s


7.70
PCAPBL @ E.L. 35.300 4.99 m/s

MSL @ E.L. 17.600 0.00 m/s

Average Velocity of flow (U) = 4.65 m/s


Velocity of flow at HFL (v) perpendicular to traffic = 6.58 m/s
Velocity of flow at HFL (v) along traffic direction = 0.00 m/s
Velocity of flow at PBL (v) perpendicular to traffic = 5.36 m/s
Velocity of flow at PBL (v) along traffic direction = 0.00 m/s
Velocity of flow at PCAPBL (v) perpendicular to traffic = 4.99 m/s
Velocity of flow at PCAPBL (v) along traffic direction = 0.00 m/s
Velocity of flow at MSL (v) perpendicular to traffic = 0.00 m/s
Velocity of flow at MSL (v) along traffic direction = 0.00 m/s
Length of pier = 2.50 m
Width of pier = 2.50 m
Length of pilecap = 7.70 m
Width of pilecap = 13.10 m

Calculation of Water Current Force on Piles
In transverse direction
K for pile = 66 Clause 5.9.2.5 of IRS FDN CODE
2
Intensity of pressure at PCAPBL = 1.65 t/m
2
Intensity of pressure at MSL = 0.00 t/m
Width of pile group = 7.20 m
Number of pile = 6
UDL acting on pile top = 1.98 t/m
UDL acting on pile bottom = 0.00 t/m
Pile Group has been taken as a solid rectangle.
In longitudinal traffic direction
K for pile = 66 Clause 5.9.2.5 of IRS FDN CODE
2
Intensity of pressure at PCAPBL = 1.65 t/m
2
UDL acting on pile upto Local Scour = 0.00 t/m
Width of pile group = 12.60 m
Number of pile = 6
UDL acting on pile top = 0.69 t/m 20% considered
UDL acting on pile upto Local Scour = 0.00 t/m
Water current fores in Longitudinal direction = 35% of Transverse forces
Hence consider

22
Calculation of Minimum Pile Lwngth & Stiffness Factor R as per IS 2911 : 2010

R  = 4 EI
KB

2
E = 31000 MN/m M40 grade
4
I = 0.515 m
k1 = 90 Hard Soil ( Recommended by Geotech)
B = 1.8 m
3
K = 10.00 T/m
R = 5.46 m
3.5R = 19.1 m below Scour Level

Min. Pile Length = 36.8 m
Provided Pile Length = 40.0 m Flexible Pile

L1/R = 3.24
Lf/R = 1.475
Lf = 8.05 m
e+zf = 25.8 m Fixity as per IS:2911

23
CALCULATION OF LOAD DISTRIBUTION FACTOR CONSIDERING FRAME ACTION

1. AXIAL FORCE DISTRIBUTION DUE TO EFFECT OF VERTICAL LOAD OF 100 T

Outer Pile 13.6%
Inner Pile 22.8%

24
2. AXIAL FORCE DISTRIBUTION DUE TO EFFECT OF TRANSVERSE MOMENT OF 100 Tm

Outer Pile 4.6%
Inner Pile 0.0%

25
3. AXIAL FORCE DISTRIBUTION DUE TO EFFECT OF LONGITUDINAL MOMENT OF 100 Tm

Outer Pile 5.3%
Inner Pile 7.2%

26
4. MOMENT DISTRIBUTION DUE TO EFFECT OF WATER CURENT FORCES ACTING ON  PILE GROUP FRAME UNDER SEISMIC CASE

27
5. MOMENT DISTRIBUTION DUE TO EFFECT OF 1T HORIZONTAL FORCE ACTING ON  PILE GROUP FRAME UNDER SEISMIC CASE

28
6. MOMENT DISTRIBUTION DUE TO EFFECT OF WATER CURENT FORCES ACTING ON  PILE GROUP FRAME 
UNDER NORMAL CASE

29
7. MOMENT DISTRIBUTION DUE TO EFFECT OF 1T HORIZONTAL FORCE ACTING ON  PILE GROUP FRAME UNDER 
NORMAL  CASE

30
3. DESIGN OF PILE FOUNDATION:
1: DESIGN DATA

Concrete grade for piles = M35


Grade of reinforcement = Fe-500
Rail Level = 56.831 m
Highest flood level = 48.300 m
Maximum Scour Level = 17.600 m
Ground level = 38.500 m
Earth cushion below ground level = 0.500 m
Pile cap bottom = 35.300 m
C. G of Pad if horizontal force is transferred through restrainer = 53.251 m
Bearing Level = 53.701 m
Pier cap top level = 53.251 m
Pier top level = 51.251 m
Pier bottom level = 38.000 m
Density of R.C.C. = 2.55 t/m3
Depth of pier cap = 2.0 m
Dia. of pier = 2.5 m
Clear height of pier = 13.25 m
Pile capacity = 750 t (Normal)
= 1125 t (Seismic/Wind)
= 998 t (Wind)
2: CALCULATION OF LOAD

No. of piles = 6
In longitudinal direction = 2
In transverse direction = 3
Dia. of piles = 1.8 m
Spacing between piles in long. Direction = 5.40 m
Spacing between piles in trans. Direction = 10.80 m
Edge distance of pile cap from face of pile = 0.25 m
Depth of pile cap = 2.70 m
I: Loads from superstructure:
Free Fixed
Long. Trans. Moment
Type of load Span/Right Span/Left Trans. Moment
Span Span Moment (Towards right footpath)
(t) (t) ( tm ) ( tm ) ( tm )
Dead load 337.5 337.5 0.0 55.2 55.18 55.18
SIDL 187.5 187.5 0.0 0.1 0.10 0.10
Surfacing 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00
FPLL 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00
LL (Max. Vcase-BT) 176.0 93.9 94.4 0.1 0.07
LL (Max. ML case-BT) 0.0 148.8 171.1 0.0 0.04
LL (Max. MT case-ST) 88.0 46.9 47.2 283.4 0.00

II: Loads from substructure:


Weight of pier cap = 85.0 t
Weight of pier = 165.9 t
Depth of earth cushion = 0.50 m
Density of cushion = 2.00 t/m3
Weight of earth cushion = 96.0 t
Weight of pile cap = 694.5 t
Weight of pile cap & cushion = 790.5 t

31
3: GEOTECHNICAL LOAD ON A PILE
BASIC COMBINATION (GI)

Partial Safety factors DL = 1.00


Surfacing = 1.00
SIDL = 1.00
As per clause 2.23.1 of DBR
LL = 1.00
Buoyancy = 1.00
Water Current = 1.00

MT (Towards Max. pile Min. pile


S No. Particular V HT HL MT ML
footpath) load load
(t) (t) (t) ( tm ) ( tm ) ( tm ) (t) (t)
1 DEAD LOAD 675.00 - - 55.18 55.18 0.00
2 Surfacing 0.00 - - 0.00 0.00 0.00
3 SIDL 375.00 - - 0.10 0.10 0.00
4 FPLL 0.00 - - 0.00 0.00 0.00
5 (a) LL (Max. V case-BT) 269.86 0.00 - 0.07 0.07 94.42
5 (b) LL (Max. ML case-BT) 148.78 0.00 - 0.04 0.04 171.10
5(c) LL (Max. MT case-ST) 134.93 0.00 - 283.39 0.00 47.21
6 Pier cap 85.00 - - - - -
7 Pier 165.87 - - - - -
8 Pile cap & cushion 790.45 - - - - -
9 Horizontal force * - - 59.53 - - 1095.39
10 Buoyant force -370.89 - - - - -
11 Water current - 76.51 15.43 326.75 326.75 21.32
10A Buoyant force(LWL) -335.55 - - - - -
Max. V TOTAL (LWL condition) 2025.63 76.51 59.53 382.11 55.35 1211.12 430.06 245.15
case-BT TOTAL (HFL condition) 1990.29 76.51 74.95 382.11 382.11 1211.12 424.17 239.26
Max. ML TOTAL (LWL condition) 1904.55 76.51 74.95 382.07 55.32 1287.81 414.61 220.24
case-BT TOTAL (HFL condition) 1869.21 76.51 74.95 382.07 382.07 1287.81 408.72 214.35
TOTAL (LWL condition) 1890.70 76.51 74.95 665.42 55.28 1163.92 417.77 212.46
Max. MT
case-ST TOTAL (HFL condition) 1855.36 76.51 74.95 665.42 382.03 1163.92 411.88 206.57

* Lever arm for horizontal force = Brg. Lvl. - Pile cut-off level = 53.701 - 35.3 18.40 m
Water current forces considered same for LWL & HFL case conservatively.
No. of piles, N = 6
3
Section modulus in longitudinal direction, ZL = 16.20 m Frame Action
3
Section modulus in transverse direction, ZT = 21.60 m MAX LOAD
Max. pile load (P/N+ML/ZL+MT/ZT) = 457.3 t INNER PILE 521 t
Pile Capacity = 750.00 t OUTER PILE 371 t
Min. pile load (P/N-ML/ZL-MT/ZT) = 206.57 t LWL Case
LATERAL FORCE:- MIN LOAD
Total force in Transverse direction = 76.51 t OUTER PILE 174.0 t
Total force in Longitudinal direction = 74.95 t HFL Case
Resultant force = 107.11 t
Force per pile = 17.85 t
Moment for 1t horizontal force = 15.30 tm
Moment for 17.85t force = 273.12 tm

32
BASIC COMBINATION (GI) SAMPLE CALCULATION OF PILE LOADS

P = 2025.6 t
PileCap Weight+Buoyancy = 454.9 t
P = 1570.7 t forces acting 
ML = 1211.1 tm at pier 
MT = 382.1 tm bottom
No of Pile = 6

Outer Pile
% Vertical Load Shared by Outer Pile/100T Vertical Load = 13.60% = 214 T
% Vertical Load Shared by Outer Pile/100Tm Long Moment = 5.30% = 64 T
% Vertical Load Shared by Outer Pile/100Tm Trans Moment = 5% = 18 T

Load/Pile Due to PileCap Weight+Buoyancy = 76 T
Therefore Maximum load /pile = 371 T

Inner Pile

% Vertical Load Shared by Outer Pile/100T Vertical Load = 22.80% = 358 T


% Vertical Load Shared by Outer Pile/100Tm Long Moment = 7.20% = 87 T
% Vertical Load Shared by Outer Pile/100Tm Trans Moment = 0% = 0T

Load/Pile Due to PileCap Weight+Buoyancy = 76 T
Therefore Maximum load /pile = 521 T

33
4: CALCULATION OF SEISMIC COEFFICIENT
SEISMIC ZONE = III
LONGITUDINAL SEISMIC COEFFICIENT
Zone factor for seismic zone III, Z = 0.16
Time period obtained from STAAD = 1.00 sec
For hard soil (N>30), Sa/g = 1/T = 1.00
Importance Factor, I = 1.5
Response Reduction Factor, R = 3.2 4/1.25
Ah = (Z/2) x (I/R) x (Sa/g) = 0.038
For foundation increase it by 35% = 0.038 0.040 say

TRANSVERSE SEISMIC COEFFICIENT


Zone factor for seismic zone III, Z = 0.16
Time period obtained from STAAD = 1.20 sec
For hard soil (N>30), Sa/g = 1/T = 0.83
Importance Factor, I = 1.5
Response Reduction Factor, R = 3.2 4/1.25 R=4 , Table 7 of IIT RDSO 2015
Ah = (Z/2) x (I/R) x (Sa/g) = 0.031 1.25 as per Clause 13.1
For foundation increase it by 35% = 0.031 0.040 say

VERTICAL SEISMIC COEFFICIENT = 0.000


For foundation increase it by 35% = 0.000 0.000 say
100:30:30 RULE NOT REQUIRED AS PER CLAUSE 6.5.1 OF RDSO GUIDE 2015

HORIZONTAL FORCES (BRAKING AND BEARING FRICTION)


* For seismic load calculations, consider only 25% LL 0.25
Seismic Transverse Case
With POT-PTFE
Braking force (LL 50%) 25.84 t
Long. seismic on superstructure (30% seismic long) 0.00 t
 (0.05)
 (0.03)
Frictional force on free bearing μ2(Rg) 15.75 t
Frictional force on fixed bearing Fh-μ2(Rg) 10.09 t
or Fh/2+μ1(Rg+Rq) 41.03 t
or Fh 25.84 t
* Force on free bearing is acting opposite to the force on fixed bearing, hence ignored to be on conservative side.
Total force on a pier 41.03 t

Thus, max force on a pier 41.03 t

Seismic Longitudinal Case


With POT-PTFE
Braking force (LL 50%) (Fixed Span) 25.84 t
Seismic force on superstructure (Fixed Span) 42.00 t
 (0.05)
 (0.03)
Frictional force on free bearing μ2(Rg) 15.75 t
Frictional force on fixed bearing Fh-μ2(Rg) 52.09 t
or Fh/2+μ1(Rg+Rq) 62.03 t
or Fh 67.84 t
* Force on free bearing is acting opposite to the force on fixed bearing, hence ignored to be on conservative side.
Total force on a pier 67.84 t

Thus, max force on a pier 67.84 t

34
5: SEISMIC FORCES

IN LONGITUDINAL DIRECTION

Lever arm Moment


LONGITUDINAL SESMIC FORCE DUE TO Force (t)
(m) (tm)
Superstructure 67.84 18.40 1248.32
Pier cap 3.40 17.02 57.88
Pier 6.63 9.33 61.87
Pile cap 27.78 1.35 37.50
Total longitudinal Seismic force 105.65 1405.58

IN TRANSVERSE DIRECTION

Lever arm Moment


TRANSVERSE SESMIC FORCE DUE TO Force (t)
(m) (tm)
Live Load (Horizontal) at 1.83 above Rail level 2.70 23.36 63.04
Dead Load (Free span) 13.50 20.55 277.43
Dead Load (Fixed span) 13.50 20.55 277.43
Surfacing 0.00 21.53 0.00
SIDL 15.00 21.53 322.97
Pier cap 3.40 17.02 57.88
Pier 6.63 9.33 61.87
Pile cap 27.78 1.35 37.50
Total transverse Seismic force 82.51 1098.12

SUMMARY OF SEISMIC FORCES & ITS MOMENT


Force Moment
(t) ( tm )
Transverse Direction 82.51 1098.12
Longitudinal Direction 105.65 1405.58
Vertical Direction 0.00 -

35
6: GEOTECHNICAL LOAD ON A PILE
SEISMIC COMBINATION (GII b)
Partial Safety factors DL = 1.00
Surfacing = 1.00
SIDL = 1.00
LL = 0.50 As per clause 2.23.1 of DBR
Seismic = 1.00
Buoyancy = 1.00
Water Current = 1.00
Hydrodynamic effect = 1.00

SEISMIC TRANSVERSE CASE


MT (Towards Max. pile Min. pile
S No. Particular V HT HL MT ML
footpath) load load
(t) (t) (t) ( tm ) ( tm ) ( tm ) (t) (t)
1 DEAD LOAD 675.00 - - 55.18 55.18 0.00
2 Surfacing 0.00 - - 0.00 0.00 0.00
3 SIDL 375.00 - - 0.10 0.10 0.00
4 FPLL 0.00 - - 0.00 0.00 0.00
5 (a) LL (Max. V case-BT) 134.93 0.00 - 0.04 0.04 47.21
5 (b) LL (Max. ML case-BT) 74.39 0.00 - 0.02 0.02 85.55
5(c) LL (Max. MT case-ST) 67.47 0.00 - 141.69 0.00 23.60
6 Pier cap 85.00 - - - - -
7 Pier 165.87 - - - - -
8 Pile cap & cushion 790.45 - - - - -
Seismic. FORCE
9 44.70 41.03 755.0
(Super structure)
0.00 1098.12 1098.12
Seismic. FORCE
10 37.81 0.00 0.0
(Sub structure)
11 Buoyant force -370.89 - - - - -
12 Water current - 76.51 15.43 326.75 326.75 21.32
13 Hydrodynamic force - 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
14 Buoyancy(LWL) -335.55 - - - 55.35
Seismic vertically downward
Max. V TOTAL (LWL condition) 1890.70 159.02 56.46 1480.19 1153.44 823.51 434.48 195.76
case-BT TOTAL (HFL condition) 1855.36 159.02 56.46 1480.19 1480.19 823.51 428.59 189.86
Max. ML TOTAL (LWL condition) 1830.16 159.02 56.46 1480.17 1153.42 861.85 426.75 183.30
case-BT TOTAL (HFL condition) 1794.82 159.02 56.46 1480.17 1480.17 861.85 420.86 177.41
TOTAL (LWL condition) 1823.24 159.02 56.46 1621.85 1153.40 799.91 428.34 179.41
Max. MT
case-ST TOTAL (HFL condition) 1787.89 159.02 56.46 1621.85 1480.15 799.91 422.44 173.52
Seismic vertically upward
Max. V TOTAL (LWL condition) 1890.70 159.02 56.46 1480.19 1153.44 823.51 434.48 195.76
case-BT TOTAL (HFL condition) 1855.36 159.02 56.46 1480.19 1480.19 823.51 428.59 189.86
Max. ML TOTAL (LWL condition) 1830.16 159.02 56.46 1480.17 1153.42 861.85 426.75 183.30
case-BT TOTAL (HFL condition) 1794.82 159.02 56.46 1480.17 1480.17 861.85 420.86 177.41
Max. MT
TOTAL (LWL condition) 1823.24 159.02 56.46 1621.85 1153.40 799.91 428.34 179.41
case-ST TOTAL (HFL condition) 1787.89 159.02 56.46 1621.85 1480.15 799.91 422.44 173.52
Seismic transverse case : Rivet Theory Frame Action
Max. Pile Load in Seismic Trans. Case (P/N+ML/ZL+MT/ZT) = 467.82 t MAX LOAD LWL CASE

Min. Pile Load in Seismic Trans. Case (P/N-ML/ZL-MT/ZT) = 173.52 t, INNER PILE 462 t
LATERAL FORCE:- t, OUTER PILE 335 t
Total force in Transverse direction = 159.02 t MIN LOAD HFL CASE

Total force in Longitudinal direction = 56.46 t,OUTER PILE 139.0 t


Resultant force = 168.75 t
Force per pile = 28.12 t
Moment for 1t horizontal force = 12.80 tm
Moment for 28.12t force = 359.99 tm

36
SEISMIC LONGITUDINAL CASE
MT (Towards Max. pile Min. pile
S No. Particular V HT HL MT ML
footpath) load load
(t) (t) (t) ( tm ) ( tm ) ( tm ) (t) (t)
1 DEAD LOAD 675.00 - - 55.18 55.18 0.00
2 Surfacing 0.00 - - 0.00 0.00 0.00
3 SIDL 375.00 - - 0.10 0.10 0.00
4 FPLL 0.00 - - 0.00 0.00 0.00
5 (a) LL (Max. V case-BT) 134.93 0.00 - 0.04 0.04 47.21
5 (b) LL (Max. ML case-BT) 74.39 0.00 - 0.02 0.02 85.55
5(c) LL (Max. MT case-ST) 67.47 0.00 - 141.69 0.00 23.60
6 Pier cap 85.00 - - - - -
7 Pier 165.87 - - - - -
8 Pile cap & cushion 790.45 - - - - -
Seismic. FORCE
9 0.00 67.84 1248.32
(Super structure)
0.00 0.00 329.44
Seismic. FORCE
10 0.00 37.81 157.25
(Sub structure)
11 Buoyant force -370.89 - - - - -
12 Water current - 76.51 15.43 326.75 326.75 21.32
13 Hydrodynamic force - 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
14 Buoyancy(LWL) -335.55 - - - 55.35 -
Seismic vertically downward
Max. V TOTAL (LWL condition) 1890.70 76.51 121.08 382.07 384.75 1474.10 423.92 206.31
case-BT TOTAL (HFL condition) 1855.36 76.51 121.08 382.07 711.51 1474.10 433.16 185.29
Max. ML TOTAL (LWL condition) 1830.16 76.51 121.08 382.05 384.74 1512.44 416.20 193.85
case-BT TOTAL (HFL condition) 1794.82 76.51 121.08 382.05 711.49 1512.44 425.44 172.84
Max. MT TOTAL (LWL condition) 1823.24 76.51 121.08 523.73 384.72 1450.50 417.66 190.09
case-ST TOTAL (HFL condition) 1787.89 76.51 121.08 523.73 711.47 1450.50 420.46 175.51
Seismic vertically upward
Max. V TOTAL (LWL condition) 1890.70 76.51 121.08 382.07 384.75 1474.10 423.92 206.31
case-BT TOTAL (HFL condition) 1855.36 76.51 121.08 382.07 711.51 1474.10 433.16 185.29
Max. ML TOTAL (LWL condition) 1830.16 76.51 121.08 382.05 384.74 1512.44 416.20 193.85
case-BT TOTAL (HFL condition) 1794.82 76.51 121.08 382.05 711.49 1512.44 425.44 172.84
Max. MT
TOTAL (LWL condition) 1823.24 76.51 121.08 523.73 384.72 1450.50 417.66 190.09
case-ST TOTAL (HFL condition) 1787.89 76.51 420.46 175.51
121.08 523.73 711.47 1450.50
Seismic longitudinal case : Frame Action
Max. Pile Load in Seismic Long. Case (P/N+ML/ZL+MT/ZT) = 472.39 t, INNER PILE 509 t
Pile capacity = 1125.00 t, OUTER PILE 367 t
Min. Pile Load in Seismic Long. Case (P/N-ML/ZL-MT/ZT) = 172.84 t,OUTER PILE 159 t
LATERAL FORCE:-
Total force in Transverse direction = 76.51 t
Total force in Longitudinal direction = 121.08 t
Resultant force = 143.23 t
Force per pile = 23.87 t
Moment for 1t horizontal force = 12.80 tm
Moment for 23.87t force = 305.55 tm

37
7: CALCULATION OF FORCES DUE TO WIND - WITH LIVE LOAD

I: WIND FORCE ON SUPERSTRUCTURE


LWL condition HFL condition
Basic wind speed (Vb) = 39.00 m/s 39.00 m/s
H (avg. ht. of exposed surface) = 19.58 m 9.78 m
K1 TABLE 1 OF IS:875 1.06 1.06
K2 TABLE 2 OF IS:875 0.8 0.8
K3 1.0 1.0
K4 1.3 1.3
VZ calculated 43.0 m/s 43.0 m/s
PZ calculated 0.6 Vz2 1109 N/m2 1109 N/m2
PZ (Broad Gauge) Clause 2.11.2 of Bridge Rules 1470 N/m 2
1470 N/m2
PZ calculated = 1470 N/m2 1470 N/m2

A1 is the area of the superstructure as seen in elevation including the floor system and railing
Height of 43.8m span including height of parapet, d = 3.900 m
Height of 43.8m span including height of parapet, d = 3.900 m
So, Area A1 at which FT is acting (43.8m Span) = 3.900 m2/m
So, Area A1 at which FT is acting (43.8m Span) = 3.900 m2/m
width of deck (b) = 8.8 m
b/d = 2.26 m
Factor For bridge deck = 1.50 Cl 2.11.3.1 bridge rule

Putting all these values in eq.1


Dry condition HFL condition
FT calculated 43.8m Span = 8599.50 N/m 8599.50 N/m
43.8m Span = 8599.50 N/m 8599.50 N/m

FT (For 43.8 m span) = 38.40 t 38.40 t


FT (For 43.8 m span) = 38.40 t 38.40 t

38
II: WIND FORCE ON LIVE LOAD
(acting at a ht. of 4.1m above FRL)
Height of crash barrier above roadway = 1.25 m
Net ht. at which FT is acting = 3.33 m
So Area (L x ht. at which FT is acting) = 3.33 m2/m
Dry condition HFL condition
Putting these values in eq.3, FT calculated = 4895.10 N/m 4895.10 N/m
= 0.50 t/m 0.50 t/m
FT (For 43.8 m span) = 21.86 t 21.86 t
FT (For 43.8 m span) = 21.86 t 21.86 t

39
IN LONGITUDINAL DIRECTION
With SPHERICAL BEARING Dry condition HFL condition
Braking force = 51.68 t 51.68 t
Wind force on superstructure = 0.00 t 0.00 t
Wind force on LL = 0.00 t 0.00 t
Total long. Force = 51.68 t 51.68 t
 (0.05)
 (0.03)
Frictional force on free bearing μ2(Rg) = 15.75 t 15.75 t
Frictional force on fixed bearing Fh-μ2(Rg) = 35.93 t 35.93 t
or Fh/2+μ1(Rg+Rq) = 59.53 t 59.53 t
or Fh = 51.68 t 51.68 t
* Force on free bearing is acting opposite to the force on fixed bearing, hence ignored to be on conservative side.
Total force on a pier 59.53 t 59.53 t

Thus, max force on a pier = 59.53 t 59.53 t

Dry condition HFL condition


Lever arm Moment Lever arm Moment
LONGITUDINAL WIND FORCE Force (t) Force (t)
(m) (tm) (m) (tm)
Horizontal Force 59.53 18.40 1095.39 59.53 18.40 1095.39
on Pier cap 0.00 16.95 0.00 0.00 16.95 0.00
on Pier 0.00 9.33 0.00 0.00 14.48 0.00
Total longitudinal Wind force 59.53 1095.39 59.53 1095.39

IN TRANSVERSE DIRECTION
Dry condition HFL condition
Lever arm Moment Force Lever arm Moment
TRANSVERSE WIND FORCE DUE TO Force (t)
(m) (tm) (t) (m) (tm)
Live Load 21.86 24.45 534.29 21.86 24.45 534.29
Superstructure (43.8 m span) 19.20 20.83 399.91 19.20 20.83 399.91
Superstructure (43.8 m span) 19.20 20.83 399.91 19.20 20.83 399.91
Total transverse Wind force 60.25 1334.10 60.25 1334.10

SUMMARY OF WIND FORCES & ITS MOMENT


Dry condition Force Moment HFL condition Force Moment
Transverse Direction 60.25 1334.10 Transverse Direction 60.25 1334.10
Longitudinal Direction 59.53 1095.39 Longitudinal Direction 59.53 1095.39
Vertical Direction (+/-) 0.00 - Vertical Direction (+/-) 0.00 -

40
8: GEOTECHNICAL LOAD ON A PILE
BASIC COMBINATION (WIND-GII b)
Partial safety factors DL = 1.00
Surfacing = 1.00
SIDL = 1.00
LL = 1.00 As per clause 2.23.1 of DBR
Wind = 1.00
Buoyancy = 1.00
Water Current = 1.00
MT (Towards Max. pile Min. pile
S No. Particular V HT HL MT ML
footpath) load load
(t) (t) (t) ( tm ) ( tm ) ( tm ) (t) (t)
1 DEAD LOAD 675.00 - - 55.18 55.18 0.00
2 Surfacing 0.00 - - 0.00 0.00 0.00
3 SIDL 375.00 - - 0.10 0.10 0.00
4 FPLL 0.00 - - 0.00 0.00 0.00
5 (a) LL (Max. V case-BT) 269.86 0.00 - 0.07 0.07 94.42
148.78 0.00
5 (b) LL (Max. ML case-BT) - 0.04 0.04 171.10
5(c) LL (Max. MT case-ST) 134.93 0.00
- 283.39 0.00 47.21
6 Pier cap 85.00 - - - - -
7 Pier 165.87 - - - - -
8 Pile cap & cushion 790.45 - - - - -
9 FL due to wind (Lwl) - - 59.53 - - 1095.39
10 FT due to wind (Lwl) - 60.25 - 1334.10 1334.10 -
11 FV due to wind (Lwl)(+/-) 0.00 - - - - -
12 FL due to wind (HFL) - - 59.53 - - 1095.4
13 FT due to wind (HFL) - 60.25 - 1334.10 1334.10 -
14 FV due to wind (HFL)(+/-) 0.00 - - - - -
15 Buoyant force -370.89 - - - - -
16 Water current - 76.51 15.43 326.75 326.75 21.32
15 Buoyant force(LWL) -335.55 - - - - -
LWL condition
Max. V TOTAL (FV is +) 2025.63 136.76 74.95 1716.21 1389.45 1189.81 490.50 184.71
case-BT TOTAL (FV is -) 2025.63 136.76 74.95 1716.21 1389.45 1189.81 490.50 184.71
Max. ML TOTAL (FV is +) 1904.55 136.76 74.95 1716.17 1389.42 1266.49 475.06 159.79
case-BT TOTAL (FV is -) 1904.55 136.76 74.95 1716.17 1389.42 1266.49 475.06 159.79
Max. MT
TOTAL (FV is +) 1890.70 136.76 74.95 1999.52 1389.38 1142.60 478.22 152.02
case-ST TOTAL (FV is -) 1890.70 136.76 74.95 1999.52 1389.38 1142.60 478.22 152.02
HFL condition
Max. V TOTAL (FV is +) 1990.29 136.76 74.95 1716.21 1716.21 1211.12 485.93 177.50
case-BT TOTAL (FV is -) 1990.29 136.76 74.95 1716.21 1716.21 1211.12 485.93 177.50
Max. ML TOTAL (FV is +) 1869.21 136.76 74.95 1716.17 1716.17 1287.81 470.48 152.59
case-BT TOTAL (FV is -) 1869.21 136.76 74.95 1716.17 1716.17 1287.81 470.48 152.59
Max. MT
TOTAL (FV is +) 1855.36 136.76 74.95 1999.52 1716.13 1163.92 473.64 144.81
case-ST TOTAL (FV is -) 1855.36 136.76 74.95 1999.52 1716.13 1163.92 473.64 144.81
Frame Action
Max. Pile Load (P/N+ML/ZL+MT/ZT) = 519.02 t, Max Load(Inner Pile) 520 t
Pile capacity = 997.50 t, Max Load(Outer Pile) 431 t
Min. Pile Load (P/N-ML/ZL-MT/ZT) = 144.81 t, Min Load(Outer Pile) 112 t
LATERAL FORCE:-
Total force in Transverse direction = 136.76 t
Total force in Longitudinal direction = 74.95 t
Resultant force = 155.95 t
Force per pile = 25.99 t
Moment for 1t horizontal force = 15.30 tm
Moment for 25.99t force = 397.68 tm

41
SUMMARY OF PILE LOADS:
RIVET THEORY FRAME ACTION
Max. Pile Load Min. Pile Load Max. Pile Load
Case Min. Pile Load (t)
(t) (t) (t)
Basic 457 207 521 174
Seismic
472 173 509 159
Longitudinal
Seismic
468 174 462 139
Transverse
Wind case-with LL 519 145 520 112

42
9: STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF PILE FOUNDATION (SLS COMBINATION)
I: BASIC COMBINATION (GI)

Case-1 When live load is leading and wind load is accompanying

Partial safety factors DL = 1.00


Surfacing = 1.20
SIDL = 1.20
LL = 1.10 As per clause 2.18 of DBR
Wind = 0.00
Buoyancy = 1.00
Water current = 1.00

MT (Towards Max. pile Min. pile


S No. Particular V HT HL MT ML
footpath) load load
(t) (t) (t) ( tm ) ( tm ) ( tm ) (t) (t)
1 DEAD LOAD 675.00 - - 68.97 55.18 0.00
2 Surfacing 0.00 - - 0.00 0.00 0.00
3 SIDL 450.00 - - 0.12 0.12 0.00
4 FPLL 0.00 - - 0.00 0.00 0.00
5 (a) LL (Max. V case-BT) 296.85 0.00 - 0.08 0.08 103.86
5 (b) LL (Max. ML case-BT) 163.66 0.00 - 0.04 0.04 188.21
5(c) LL (Max. MT case-ST) 148.42 0.00 - 311.73 0.00 51.93
6 Pier cap 85.00 - - - - -
7 Pier 165.87 - - - - -
8 Pile cap & cushion 790.45 - - - - -
9 FL due to wind (Lwl) - - 0.00 - - 0.00
10 FT due to wind (Lwl) - 0.00 - 0.00 0.00 -
11 FV due to wind (Lwl)(+/-) 0.00 - - - - -
12 FL due to wind (HFL) - - 0.00 - - 0.00
13 FT due to wind (HFL) - 0.00 - 0.00 0.00 -
14 FV due to wind (HFL)(+/-) 0.00 - - - - -
15 Buoyant force -370.89 - - - - -
16 Water current - 76.51 15.43 326.75 326.75 21.32
15 Buoyant force -335.55 - - - - -
LWL condition
Max. V TOTAL (FV is +) 2127.62 76.51 15.43 395.93 55.38 125.17 380.66 328.55
case-BT TOTAL (FV is -) 2127.62 76.51 15.43 395.93 55.38 125.17 380.66 328.55
Max. ML TOTAL (FV is +) 1994.43 76.51 15.43 395.89 55.34 209.52 363.67 301.14
case-BT TOTAL (FV is -) 1994.43 76.51 15.43 395.89 55.34 209.52 363.67 301.14
Max. MT TOTAL (FV is +) 1979.19 76.51 15.43 707.58 55.30 73.24 367.15 292.59
case-ST TOTAL (FV is -) 1979.19 76.51 15.43 707.58 55.30 73.24 367.15 292.59
HFL condition
Max. V TOTAL (FV is +) 2092.27 76.51 15.43 395.93 382.13 125.17 374.77 322.66
case-BT TOTAL (FV is -) 2092.27 76.51 15.43 395.93 382.13 125.17 374.77 322.66
Max. ML TOTAL (FV is +) 1959.09 76.51 15.43 395.89 382.10 209.52 357.78 295.25
case-BT TOTAL (FV is -) 1959.09 76.51 15.43 395.89 382.10 209.52 357.78 295.25
Max. MT
TOTAL (FV is +) 1943.85 76.51 15.43 707.58 382.05 73.24 361.25 286.70
case-ST TOTAL (FV is -) 1943.85 76.51 15.43 707.58 382.05 73.24 361.25 286.70
Frame Action
LATERAL FORCE:- Max Load(Inner Pile) 466 t
Total force in Transverse direction = 76.51 t, Max Load(Outer Pile) 328 t
Total force in Longitudinal direction = 15.43 t, Min Load(Outer Pile) 241 t
Resultant force = 78.05 t
Force per pile = 13.01 t
Moment for 1t horizontal force = 15.30 tm
Moment for 13.01t force = 199.03 tm

43
III: WIND COMBINATION (GII b)
Case-2 When wind load is leading and live load is accompanying

Partial safety factors DL = 1.00


Surfacing = 1.20
SIDL = 1.20
LL = 1.10 As per clause 2.18 of DBR
Wind = 1.00
Buoyancy = 1.00
Water current = 1.00

MT (Towards Max. pile Min. pile


S No. Particular V HT HL MT ML
footpath) load load
(t) (t) (t) ( tm ) ( tm ) ( tm ) (t) (t)
1 DEAD LOAD 675.00 - - 55.18 55.18 0.00
2 Surfacing 0.00 - - 0.00 0.00 0.00
3 SIDL 450.00 - - 0.12 0.12 0.00
4 FPLL 0.00 - - 0.00 0.00 0.00
5 (a) LL (Max. V case-BT) 296.85 0.00 - 0.08 0.08 103.86
5 (b) LL (Max. ML case-BT) 163.66 0.00 - 0.04 0.04 188.21
5(c) LL (Max. MT case-ST) 148.42 0.00 - 311.73 0.00 51.93
6 Pier cap 85.00 - - - - -
7 Pier 165.87 - - - - -
8 Pile cap & cushion 790.45 - - - - -
9 FL due to wind (Lwl) - - 65.48 - - 1204.93
10 FT due to wind (Lwl) - 60.25 - 1334.10 1334.10 -
11 FV due to wind (Lwl)(+/-) 0.00 - - - - -
12 FL due to wind (HFL) - - 65.48 - - 1204.93
13 FT due to wind (HFL) - 60.25 - 1334.10 1334.10 -
14 FV due to wind (HFL)(+/-) 0.00 - - - - -
15 Buoyant force -370.89 - - - - -
16 Water current - 76.51 15.43 326.75 326.75 21.32
15 Buoyant force -335.55 - - - - -
LWL condition
Max. V TOTAL (FV is +) 2127.62 136.76 80.91 1716.23 1389.48 1330.11 516.16 193.04
case-BT TOTAL (FV is -) 2127.62 136.76 80.91 1716.23 1389.48 1330.11 516.16 193.04
Max. ML TOTAL (FV is +) 1994.43 136.76 80.91 1716.20 1389.44 1414.46 499.17 165.64
case-BT TOTAL (FV is -) 1994.43 136.76 80.91 1716.20 1389.44 1414.46 499.17 165.64
Max. MT TOTAL (FV is +) 1979.19 136.76 80.91 2027.88 1389.40 1278.18 502.65 157.08
case-ST TOTAL (FV is -) 1979.19 136.76 80.91 2027.88 1389.40 1278.18 502.65 157.08
HFL condition
Max. V TOTAL (FV is +) 2092.27 136.76 80.91 1716.23 1716.23 1330.11 510.27 187.15
case-BT TOTAL (FV is -) 2092.27 136.76 80.91 1716.23 1716.23 1330.11 510.27 187.15
Max. ML TOTAL (FV is +) 1959.09 136.76 80.91 1716.20 1716.20 1414.46 493.28 159.75
case-BT TOTAL (FV is -) 1959.09 136.76 80.91 1716.20 1716.20 1414.46 493.28 159.75
Max. MT TOTAL (FV is +) 1943.85 136.76 80.91 2027.88 1716.15 1278.18 496.76 151.19
case-ST TOTAL (FV is -) 1943.85 136.76 80.91 2027.88 1716.15 1278.18 496.76 151.19
Frame Action
LATERAL FORCE:- Max Load(Inner Pile) 553 t
Total force in Transverse direction = 136.76 t, Max Load(Outer Pile) 453 t
Total force in Longitudinal direction = 80.91 t, Min Load(Outer Pile) 116 t
Resultant force = 158.90 t
Force per pile = 26.48 t
Moment for 1t horizontal force = 15.30 tm
Moment for 26.48t force = 405.20 tm

44
II: SEISMIC COMBINATION (GII b)

Partial Safety factors DL = 1.00


Surfacing = 1.20
SIDL = 1.20
LL = 0.50
As per clause 2.18 of DBR
Seismic = 1.00
Buoyancy = 1.00
Water Current = 1.00
Hydrodynamic effect = 1.00

SEISMIC TRANSVERSE CASE


MT (Towards Max. pile Min. pile
S No. Particular V HT HL MT ML
footpath) load load
(t) (t) (t) ( tm ) ( tm ) ( tm ) (t) (t)
1 DEAD LOAD 675.00 - - 55.18 55.18 0.00
2 Surfacing 0.00 - - 0.00 0.00 0.00
3 SIDL 450.00 - - 0.12 0.20 0.00
4 FPLL 0.00 - - 0.00 0.00 0.00
5 (a) LL (Max. V case-BT) 134.93 0.00 - 0.04 0.04 47.21
5 (b) LL (Max. ML case-BT) 74.39 0.00 - 0.02 0.02 85.55
5(c) LL (Max. MT case-ST) 67.47 0.00 - 141.69 0.00 23.60
6 Pier cap 85.00 - - - - -
7 Pier 165.87 - - - - -
8 Pile cap & cushion 790.45 - - - - -
Seismic. FORCE
44.70 0.00 0.00
9 (Super structure)
0.00 1098.12 1098.12
Seismic. FORCE
37.81 0.00 0.00
10 (Sub structure)
11 Buoyant force -370.89 - - - - -
12 Water current - 76.51 15.43 326.75 326.75 21.32
13 Hydrodynamic force - 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
11 Buoyant force(LWL) -335.55 - - - - -
Seismic vertically downward
Max. V TOTAL (LWL condition) 1965.70 159.02 15.43 1480.21 1153.54 68.52 400.37 254.86
case-BT TOTAL (HFL condition) 1930.36 159.02 15.43 1480.21 1480.29 68.52 394.49 248.96
Max. ML TOTAL (LWL condition) 1905.16 159.02 15.43 1480.19 1153.52 106.86 392.65 242.40
case-BT TOTAL (HFL condition) 1869.82 159.02 15.43 1480.19 1480.27 106.86 386.76 236.51
Max. MT TOTAL (LWL condition) 1898.24 159.02 15.43 1621.87 1153.50 44.92 394.23 238.51
case-ST TOTAL (HFL condition) 1862.89 159.02 15.43 1621.87 1480.25 44.92 388.34 232.62
Seismic vertically upward
Max. V TOTAL (LWL condition) 1965.70 159.02 15.43 1480.21 1153.54 68.52 400.37 254.86
case-BT TOTAL (HFL condition) 1930.36 159.02 15.43 1480.21 1480.29 68.52 394.49 248.96
Max. ML TOTAL (LWL condition) 1905.16 159.02 15.43 1480.19 1153.52 106.86 392.65 242.40
case-BT TOTAL (HFL condition) 1869.82 159.02 15.43 1480.19 1480.27 106.86 386.76 236.51
Max. MT TOTAL (LWL condition) 1898.24 159.02 15.43 1621.87 1153.50 44.92 394.23 238.51
case-ST TOTAL (HFL condition) 1862.89 159.02 15.43 1621.87 1480.25 44.92 388.34 232.62
Frame Action
LATERAL FORCE:- Max Load(Inner Pile) 425 t
Total force in Transverse direction = 159.02 t, Max Load(Outer Pile) 353 t
Total force in Longitudinal direction = 15.43 t LWL CASE
Resultant force = 159.8 t, Min Load(Outer Pile) 189.2 t
Force per pile = 26.63 t HFL CASE
Moment for 1t horizontal force = 12.80 tm
Moment for 26.63t force = 340.84 tm

45
SEISMIC LONGITUDINAL CASE
MT (Towards Max. pile Min. pile
S No. Particular V HT HL MT ML
footpath) load load
(t) (t) (t) ( tm ) ( tm ) ( tm ) (t) (t)
1 DEAD LOAD 675.00 - - 55.18 55.18 0.00
2 Surfacing 0.00 - - 0.00 0.00 0.00
3 SIDL 450.00 - - 0.12 0.12 0.00
4 FPLL 0.00 - - 0.00 0.00 0.00
5 (a) LL (Max. V case-BT) 134.93 0.00 - 0.04 0.04 47.21
5 (b) LL (Max. ML case-BT) 74.39 0.00 - 0.02 0.02 85.55
5(c) LL (Max. MT case-ST) 67.47 0.00 - 141.69 0.00 23.60
6 Pier cap 85.00 - - - - -
7 Pier 165.87 - - - - -
8 Pile cap & cushion 790.45 - - - - -
Seismic. FORCE
0.00 67.8 1248.3
9 (Super structure)
0.00 0.00 329.44
Seismic. FORCE
0.00 37.81 157.25
10 (Sub structure)
11 Buoyant force -370.89 - - - - -
12 Water current - 76.51 15.43 326.75 326.75 21.32
13 Hydrodynamic force - 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
11 Buoyant force(LWL) -335.55 - - - - -
Seismic vertically downward
Max. V TOTAL (LWL condition) 1965.70 76.51 121.08 382.09 384.77 1474.10 436.42 218.81
case-BT TOTAL (HFL condition) 1930.36 76.51 121.08 382.09 711.53 1474.10 445.66 197.79
Max. ML TOTAL (LWL condition) 1905.16 76.51 121.08 382.07 384.76 1512.44 428.70 206.35
case-BT TOTAL (HFL condition) 1869.82 76.51 121.08 382.07 711.51 1512.44 437.94 185.34
Max. MT TOTAL (LWL condition) 1898.24 76.51 121.08 523.75 384.74 1450.50 430.16 202.59
case-ST TOTAL (HFL condition) 1862.89 76.51 121.08 523.75 711.49 1450.50 432.96 188.01
Seismic vertically upward
Max. V TOTAL (LWL condition) 2301.25 76.51 121.08 382.09 384.77 1474.10 492.35 274.73
case-BT TOTAL (HFL condition) 1930.36 76.51 121.08 382.09 711.53 1474.10 445.66 197.79
Max. ML TOTAL (LWL condition) 2240.71 76.51 121.08 382.07 384.76 1512.44 484.62 262.28
case-BT TOTAL (HFL condition) 1869.82 76.51 121.08 382.07 711.51 1512.44 437.94 185.34
Max. MT TOTAL (LWL condition) 2233.78 76.51 121.08 523.75 384.74 1450.50 486.08 258.51
case-ST TOTAL (HFL condition) 1862.89 76.51 121.08 523.75 711.49 1450.50 432.96 188.01
Frame Action
LATERAL FORCE:- Max Load(Inner Pile) 603 t
Total force in Transverse direction = 76.51 t, Max Load(Outer Pile) 423 t
Total force in Longitudinal direction = 121.08 t LWL CASE
Resultant force = 143.23 t, Min Load(Outer Pile) 165.3 t
Force per pile = 23.87 t HFL CASE
Moment for 1t horizontal force = 12.80 tm
Moment for 23.87t force = 305.55 tm

46
9 SUMMARY OF FORCES FOR PILE FOUNDATION DESIGN (SLS COMBINATION)

BASIC COMBINATION (GI)


WITH LIVE LOAD Case-1 FRAME
Max. pile load 406.0 466.2 t
Min. pile load 286.7 240.8 t
Max. moment 199.0 tm
SEISMIC TRANSVERSE (GII b) SEISMIC LONGITUDINAL (GII b)
RIVET FRAME RIVET FRAME
Max. pile load 425.7 353.0 t Max. pile load 492.3 602.9 t
Min. pile load 232.6 189.2 t Min. pile load 181.4 165.3 t
Max. moment 340.8 tm Max. moment 305.6 tm

WIND COMBINATION (GII b)


WITH LIVE LOAD Case-2 FRAME
Max. pile load 542.1 553.0 t
Min. pile load 151.2 116.2 t
Max. moment 405.20 tm

47
10: STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF PILE FOUNDATION (ULS)

I: BASIC COMBINATION (GI)

Partial Safety factors DL = 1.25


Surfacing = 2.00
SIDL = 2.00
As per clause 2.18 of DBR
LL = 1.75
Buoyancy = 1.00
Water Current = 1.00

MT (Towards Max. pile Min. pile


S No. Particular V HT HL MT ML
footpath) load load
(t) (t) (t) ( tm ) ( tm ) ( tm ) (t) (t)
1 DEAD LOAD 843.75 - - 68.97 68.97 0.00
2 Surfacing 0.00 - - 0.00 0.00 0.00
3 SIDL 750.00 - - 0.20 0.20 0.00
4 FPLL 0.00 - - 0.00 0.00 0.00
5 (a) LL (Max. V case-BT) 472.26 0.00 - 0.13 0.13 165.23
5 (b) LL (Max. ML case-BT) 260.37 0.00 - 0.07 0.07 299.42
5(c) LL (Max. MT case-ST) 236.13 0.00 - 495.93 0.00 82.61
6 Pier cap 106.25 - - - - -
7 Pier 207.33 - - - - -
8 Pile cap & cushion 988.06 - - - - -
9 Horizontal force * - - 104.18 - - 1916.94
10 Buoyant force -370.89 - - - - -
11 Water current - 76.51 15.43 326.75 326.75 21.32
10A Buoyant force(LWL) -335.55 - - - - -
Max. V TOTAL (LWL condition) 3032.11 76.51 119.60 396.05 69.30 2103.48 653.53 357.17
case-BT TOTAL (HFL condition) 2996.76 76.51 119.60 396.05 396.05 2103.48 647.64 351.28
Max. ML TOTAL (LWL condition) 2820.22 76.51 119.60 396.00 69.24 2237.67 626.50 313.57
case-BT TOTAL (HFL condition) 2784.87 76.51 119.60 396.00 396.00 2237.67 620.61 307.68
Max. MT TOTAL (LWL condition) 2795.98 76.51 119.60 891.86 69.17 2020.87 632.03 299.96
case-ST TOTAL (HFL condition) 2760.64 76.51 119.60 891.86 395.93 2020.87 626.14 294.07
Frame Action
LATERAL FORCE:- MAX LOAD
Total force in Transverse direction = 76.51 t INNER PILE 803 LWL Case
Total force in Longitudinal direction = 119.60 t OUTER PILE 562
Resultant force = 141.98 t
Force per pile = 23.66 t MIN LOAD
Moment for 1t horizontal force = 15.30 tm OUTER PILE 247 HFL Case
Moment for 23.66t force = 362.05 tm

48
II: SEISMIC COMBINATION (GII a)

Partial Safety factors DL = 1.25


Surfacing = 2.00
SIDL = 2.00
LL = 0.00
As per clause 2.18 of DBR
Seismic = 1.60
Buoyancy = 1.00
Water Current = 1.00
Hydrodynamic effect = 1.00

SEISMIC TRANSVERSE CASE


MT (Towards Max. pile Min. pile
S No. Particular V HT HL MT ML
footpath) load load
(t) (t) (t) ( tm ) ( tm ) ( tm ) (t) (t)
1 DEAD LOAD 843.75 - - 68.97 68.97 0.00
2 Surfacing 0.00 - - 0.00 0.00 0.00
3 SIDL 750.00 - - 0.20 0.20 0.00
4 FPLL 0.00 - - 0.00 0.00 0.00
5 (a) LL (Max. V case-BT) 0.00 0.00 - 0.00 0.00 0.00
5 (b) LL (Max. ML case-BT) 0.00 0.00 - 0.00 0.00 0.00
5(c) LL (Max. MT case-ST) 0.00 0.00 - 0.00 0.00 0.00
LL (Max. MT case)
5 (d) 0.00 0.00 - 0.00 , 0.00
(Towards footpath)
6 Pier cap 106.25 - - - - -
7 Pier 207.33 - - - - -
8 Pile cap & cushion 988.06 - - - , -
Seismic. FORCE
71.52 0.00 0.00
9 (Super structure)
0.00 1756.99 1756.99
Seismic. FORCE
60.50 0.00 0.00
10 (Sub structure)
11 Buoyant force -370.89 - - - - -
12 Water current - 76.51 15.43 326.75 326.75 21.32
13 Hydrodynamic force - 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
11 Buoyant force(LWL) -335.55 - - - - -
Seismic vertically downward
Max. V TOTAL (LWL condition) 2559.85 208.53 15.43 2152.92 1826.17 21.32 527.63 325.65
case-BT TOTAL (HFL condition) 2524.51 208.53 15.43 2152.92 2152.92 21.32 521.74 319.76
Max. ML TOTAL (LWL condition) 2559.85 208.53 15.43 2152.92 1826.17 21.32 527.63 325.65
case-BT TOTAL (HFL condition) 2524.51 208.53 15.43 2152.92 2152.92 21.32 521.74 319.76
Max. MT
TOTAL (LWL condition) 2559.85 208.53 15.43 2152.92 1826.17 21.32 527.63 325.65
case-ST TOTAL (HFL condition) 2524.51 208.53 15.43 2152.92 2152.92 21.32 521.74 319.76
Seismic vertically upward
Max. V TOTAL (LWL condition) 2895.40 208.53 15.43 2152.92 1826.17 21.32 583.55 381.58
case-BT TOTAL (HFL condition) 2524.51 208.53 15.43 2152.92 2152.92 21.32 521.74 319.76
Max. ML TOTAL (LWL condition) 2895.40 208.53 15.43 2152.92 1826.17 21.32 583.55 381.58
case-BT TOTAL (HFL condition) 2524.51 208.53 15.43 2152.92 2152.92 21.32 521.74 319.76
Max. MT TOTAL (LWL condition) 2895.40 208.53 15.43 2152.92 1826.17 21.32 583.55 381.58
case-ST TOTAL (HFL condition) 2524.51 208.53 15.43 2152.92 2152.92 21.32 521.74 319.76
Frame Action
LATERAL FORCE:- Max Load(Inner Pile) 622 t
Total force in Transverse direction = 208.53 t, Max Load(Outer Pile) 514 t
Total force in Longitudinal direction = 15.43 t, Min Load(Outer Pile) 262 t
Resultant force = 209.1 t
Force per pile = 34.85 t
Moment for 1t horizontal force = 12.80 tm
Moment for 34.85t force = 446.1 tm

49
SEISMIC LONGITUDINAL CASE
MT (Towards Max. pile Min. pile
S No. Particular V HT HL MT ML
footpath) load load
(t) (t) (t) ( tm ) ( tm ) ( tm ) (t) (t)
1 DEAD LOAD 843.75 - - 68.97 68.97 0.00
2 Surfacing 0.00 - - 0.00 0.00 0.00
3 SIDL 750.00 - - 0.20 0.20 0.00
4 FPLL 0.00 - - 0.00 0.00 0.00
5 (a) LL (Max. V case-BT) 0.00 0.00 - 0.00 0.00 0.00
5 (b) LL (Max. ML case-BT) 0.00 0.00 - 0.00 0.00 0.00
5(c) LL (Max. MT case-ST) 0.00 0.00 - 0.00 0.00 0.00
LL (Max. MT case)
5 (d) 0.00 0.00 - 0.00 0.00 0.00
(Towards footpath)
6 Pier cap 106.25 - - - - -
7 Pier 207.33 - - - - -
8 Pile cap & cushion 988.06 - - - - -
Seismic. FORCE
0.00 90.45 1664.43
9 (Super structure)
0.00 0.00 527.10
Seismic. FORCE
0.00 60.50 251.61
10 (Sub structure)
11 Buoyant force -370.89 - - - - -
12 Water current - 76.51 15.43 326.75 326.75 21.32
13 Hydrodynamic force - 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
11 Buoyant force(LWL) -335.55 - - - - -
Seismic vertically downward
Max. V TOTAL (LWL condition) 2559.85 76.51 166.38 395.93 596.27 1937.36 573.84 279.45
case-BT TOTAL (HFL condition) 2524.51 76.51 166.38 395.93 923.03 1937.36 583.07 258.43
Max. ML TOTAL (LWL condition) 2559.85 76.51 166.38 395.93 596.27 1937.36 573.84 279.45
case-BT TOTAL (HFL condition) 2524.51 76.51 166.38 395.93 923.03 1937.36 583.07 258.43
Max. MT
TOTAL (LWL condition) 2559.85 76.51 166.38 395.93 596.27 1937.36 573.84 279.45
case-ST TOTAL (HFL condition) 2524.51 76.51 166.38 395.93 923.03 1937.36 583.07 258.43
Seismic vertically upward
Max. V TOTAL (LWL condition) 2559.85 76.51 166.38 395.93 596.27 1937.36 573.84 279.45
case-BT TOTAL (HFL condition) 2524.51 76.51 166.38 395.93 923.03 1937.36 583.07 258.43
Max. ML TOTAL (LWL condition) 2559.85 76.51 166.38 395.93 596.27 1937.36 573.84 279.45
case-BT TOTAL (HFL condition) 2524.51 76.51 166.38 395.93 923.03 1937.36 583.07 258.43
Max. MT
TOTAL (LWL condition) 2559.85 76.51 166.38 395.93 596.27 1937.36 573.84 279.45
case-ST TOTAL (HFL condition) 2524.51 76.51 166.38 395.93 923.03 1937.36 583.07 258.43
Frame Action
LATERAL FORCE:- Max Load(Inner Pile) 683 t
Total force in Transverse direction = 76.51 t, Max Load(Outer Pile) 489 t
Total force in Longitudinal direction = 166.38 t, Min Load(Outer Pile) 241 t
Resultant force = 183.1 t
Force per pile = 30.52 t
Moment for 1t horizontal force = 12.80 tm
Moment for 30.52t force = 390.7 tm

50
II: SEISMIC COMBINATION (GII b)

Partial Safety factors DL = 1.25


Surfacing = 2.00
SIDL = 2.00
LL = 0.70
As per clause 2.18 of DBR
Seismic = 1.25
Buoyancy = 1.00
Water Current = 1.00
Hydrodynamic effect = 1.00

SEISMIC TRANSVERSE CASE


MT (Towards Max. pile Min. pile
S No. Particular V HT HL MT ML
footpath) load load
(t) (t) (t) ( tm ) ( tm ) ( tm ) (t) (t)
1 DEAD LOAD 843.75 - - 68.97 68.97 0.00
2 Surfacing 0.00 - - 0.00 0.00 0.00
3 SIDL 750.00 - - 0.20 0.20 0.00
4 FPLL 0.00 - - 0.00 0.00 0.00
5 (a) LL (Max. V case-BT) 188.90 0.00 - 0.05 0.05 66.09
5 (b) LL (Max. ML case-BT) 104.15 0.00 - 0.03 0.03 119.77
5(c) LL (Max. MT case-ST) 94.45 0.00 - 198.37 0.00
33.05
6 Pier cap 106.25 - - - - -
7 Pier 207.33 - - - - -
8 Pile cap & cushion 988.06 - - - - -
Seismic. FORCE
55.87 51.29 943.74
9 (Super structure)
0.00 1372.65 1372.65
Seismic. FORCE
47.27 0.00 0.00
10 (Sub structure)
11 Buoyant force -370.89 - - - - -
12 Water current - 76.51 15.43 326.75 326.75 21.32
13 Hydrodynamic force - 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
11 Buoyant force(LWL) -335.55 - - - - -
Seismic vertically downward
Max. V TOTAL (LWL condition) 2748.75 179.65 66.71 1768.63 1441.88 1031.14 603.66 312.59
case-BT TOTAL (HFL condition) 2713.41 179.65 66.71 1768.63 1768.63 1031.14 597.77 306.70
Max. ML TOTAL (LWL condition) 2664.00 179.65 66.71 1768.61 1441.85 1084.82 592.84 295.16
case-BT TOTAL (HFL condition) 2628.65 179.65 66.71 1768.61 1768.61 1084.82 586.95 289.26
Max. MT
TOTAL (LWL condition) 2654.30 179.65 66.71 1966.95 1441.83 998.10 595.06 289.71
case-ST TOTAL (HFL condition) 2618.96 179.65 66.71 1966.95 1768.58 998.10 589.17 283.82
Seismic vertically upward
Max. V TOTAL (LWL condition) 2748.75 179.65 66.71 1768.63 1441.88 1031.14 603.66 312.59
case-BT TOTAL (HFL condition) 2713.41 179.65 66.71 1768.63 1768.63 1031.14 597.77 306.70
Max. ML TOTAL (LWL condition) 2664.00 179.65 66.71 1768.61 1441.85 1084.82 592.84 295.16
case-BT TOTAL (HFL condition) 2628.65 179.65 66.71 1768.61 1768.61 1084.82 586.95 289.26
Max. MT TOTAL (LWL condition) 2654.30 179.65 66.71 1966.95 1441.83 998.10 595.06 289.71
case-ST TOTAL (HFL condition) 2618.96 179.65 66.71 1966.95 1768.58 998.10 589.17 283.82
Frame Action
LATERAL FORCE:- Max Load(Inner Pile) 661 t
Total force in Transverse direction = 179.65 t, Max Load(Outer Pile) 530 t
Total force in Longitudinal direction = 66.71 t HFL CASE
Resultant force = 191.64 t, Min Load(Outer Pile) 232 t
Force per pile = 31.94 t LWL CASE
Moment for 1t horizontal force = 12.80 tm
Moment for 31.94t force = 408.83 tm

51
SEISMIC LONGITUDINAL CASE
MT (Towards Max. pile Min. pile
S No. Particular V HT HL MT ML
footpath) load load
(t) (t) (t) ( tm ) ( tm ) ( tm ) (t) (t)
1 DEAD LOAD 843.75 - - 68.97 68.97 0.00
2 Surfacing 0.00 - - 0.00 0.00 0.00
3 SIDL 750.00 - - 0.20 0.20 0.00
4 FPLL 0.00 - - 0.00 0.00 0.00
5 (a) LL (Max. V case-BT) 188.90 0.00 - 0.05 0.05 66.09
5 (b) LL (Max. ML case-BT) 104.15 0.00 - 0.03 0.03 119.77
5(c) LL (Max. MT case-ST) 94.45 0.00 - 198.37 0.00 33.05
6 Pier cap 106.25 - - - - -
7 Pier 207.33 - - - - -
8 Pile cap & cushion 988.06 - - - - -
Seismic. FORCE
0.00 84.80 1560.40
9 (Super structure) 0.00 0.00 411.80
Seismic. FORCE
10 0.00 47.27 196.57
(Sub structure)
11 Buoyant force -370.89 - - - - -
12 Water current - 76.51 15.43 326.75 326.75 21.32
13 Hydrodynamic force - 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
11 Buoyant force(LWL) -335.55 - - - - -
Seismic vertically downward
Max. V TOTAL (LWL condition) 2748.75 76.51 147.49 395.98 481.02 1844.38 594.25 322.01
case-BT TOTAL (HFL condition) 2713.41 76.51 147.49 395.98 807.77 1844.38 603.48 300.99
Max. ML TOTAL (LWL condition) 2664.00 76.51 147.49 395.96 481.00 1898.06 583.43 304.57
case-BT TOTAL (HFL condition) 2628.65 76.51 147.49 395.96 807.75 1898.06 592.67 283.55
TOTAL (LWL condition) 2654.30 76.51 147.49 594.30 480.97 1811.33 581.71 303.06
Max. MT
case-ST
TOTAL (HFL condition) 2618.96 76.51 147.49 594.30 807.72 1811.33 585.70 287.29
Seismic vertically upward
Max. V TOTAL (LWL condition) 2748.75 76.51 147.49 395.98 481.02 1844.38 594.25 322.01
case-BT TOTAL (HFL condition) 2713.41 76.51 147.49 395.98 807.77 1844.38 603.48 300.99
Max. ML TOTAL (LWL condition) 2664.00 76.51 147.49 395.96 481.00 1898.06 583.43 304.57
case-BT TOTAL (HFL condition) 2628.65 76.51 147.49 395.96 807.75 1898.06 592.67 283.55
Max. MT
TOTAL (LWL condition) 2654.30 76.51 147.49 594.30 480.97 1811.33 581.71 303.06
case-ST TOTAL (HFL condition) 2618.96 76.51 147.49 594.30 807.72 1811.33 585.70 287.29
Frame Action
LATERAL FORCE:- Max Load(Inner Pile) 719 t
Total force in Transverse direction = 76.51 t, Max Load(Outer Pile) 510 t
Total force in Longitudinal direction = 147.49 t LWL CASE
Resultant force = 166.16 t, Min Load(Outer Pile) 252 t
Force per pile = 27.69 t HFL CASE
Moment for 1t horizontal force = 12.80 tm
Moment for 27.69t force = 354.47 tm

52
III: WIND COMBINATION (GII b)
Case-1 When live load is leading and wind load is accompanying

Partial safety factors DL = 1.25


Surfacing = 2.00
SIDL = 2.00
LL = 1.75 As per clause 2.18 of DBR
Wind = 1.25
Buoyancy = 1.00
Water current = 1.00
MT (Towards Max. pile Min. pile
S No. Particular V HT HL MT ML
footpath) load load
(t) (t) (t) ( tm ) ( tm ) ( tm ) (t) (t)
1 DEAD LOAD 843.75 - - 68.97 68.97 0.00
2 Surfacing 0.00 - - 0.00 0.00 0.00
3 SIDL 750.00 - - 0.20 0.20 0.00
4 FPLL 0.00 - - 0.00 0.00 0.00
5 (a) LL (Max. V case-BT) 472.26 0.00 - 0.13 0.13 165.23
5 (b) LL (Max. ML case-BT) 260.37 0.00 - 0.07 0.07 299.42
5(c) LL (Max. MT case-ST) 236.13 0.00 - 495.93 0.00 82.61

6 Pier cap 106.25 - - - - -


7 Pier 207.33 - - - - -
8 Pile cap & cushion 988.06 - - - - -
9 FL due to wind (Lwl) - - 104.18 - - 1916.94
10 FT due to wind (Lwl) - 75.31 - 1667.62 1667.62 -
11 FV due to wind (Lwl)(+/-) 0.00 - - - - -
12 FL due to wind (HFL) - - 104.18 - - 1916.94
13 FT due to wind (HFL) - 75.31 - 1667.62 1667.62 -
14 FV due to wind (HFL)(+/-) 0.00 - - - - -
15 Buoyant force -370.89 - - - - -
16 Water current - 76.51 15.43 326.75 326.75 21.32
15 Buoyant force(LWL) -335.55 - - - - -
LWL condition
Max. V TOTAL (FV is +) 3032.11 151.82 119.60 2063.68 1736.93 2103.48 730.74 279.97
case-BT TOTAL (FV is -) 3032.11 151.82 119.60 2063.68 1736.93 2103.48 730.74 279.97
Max. ML TOTAL (FV is +) 2820.22 151.82 119.60 2063.62 1736.87 2237.67 703.70 236.37
case-BT TOTAL (FV is -) 2820.22 151.82 119.60 2063.62 1736.87 2237.67 703.70 236.37
TOTAL (FV is +) 2795.98 151.82 119.60 2559.48 1736.80 2020.87 709.24 222.76
Max. MT
case-ST TOTAL (FV is -) 2795.98 151.82 119.60 2559.48 1736.80 2020.87 709.24 222.76
HFL condition
Max. V TOTAL (FV is +) 2996.76 151.82 119.60 2063.68 2063.68 2103.48 724.85 274.08
case-BT TOTAL (FV is -) 2996.76 151.82 119.60 2063.68 2063.68 2103.48 724.85 274.08
Max. ML TOTAL (FV is +) 2784.87 151.82 119.60 2063.62 2063.62 2237.67 697.81 230.48
case-BT TOTAL (FV is -) 2784.87 151.82 119.60 2063.62 2063.62 2237.67 697.81 230.48
TOTAL (FV is +) 2760.64 151.82 119.60 2559.48 2063.55 2020.87 703.35 216.87
Max. MT
case-ST TOTAL (FV is -) 2760.64 151.82 119.60 2559.48 2063.55 2020.87 703.35 216.87
Frame Action
LATERAL FORCE:- Max Load(Inner Pile) 803 t
Total force in Transverse direction = 151.82 t, Max Load(Outer Pile) 639 t
Total force in Longitudinal direction = 119.60 t, Min Load(Outer Pile) 170 t
Resultant force = 193.27 t
Force per pile = 32.21 t
Moment for 1t horizontal force = 15.30 tm
Moment for 32.21t force = 492.85 tm

53
10(a) SUMMARY OF FORCES FOR PILE FOUNDATION DESIGN (ULS)

BASIC COMBINATION (GI) Frame Theory


Max. pile load 671.5 t 802.7 t
Min. pile load 294.1 t 247.3 t
Max. moment 362.0 tm

SEISMIC TRANSVERSE (GII a) Frame Theory SEISMIC LONGITUDINAL (GII a) Frame Theory
Max. pile load 583.6 t 513.9 t Max. pile load 628.4 t 683.1
Min. pile load 319.8 t 262.1 t Min. pile load 258.4 t 241.4
Max. moment 446.1 tm Max. moment 390.7 tm

SEISMIC TRANSVERSE (GII b) Frame Theory SEISMIC LONGITUDINAL (GII b) Frame Theory
Max. pile load 634.5 t 530 t Max. pile load 640.3 t 719.5
Min. pile load 283.8 t 232 t Min. pile load 278.1 t 251.8
Max. moment 408.8 tm Max. moment 354.5 tm

WIND COMBINATION (GII b)

WITH LIVE LOAD Case-1 Frame Theory WITH LIVE LOAD Case-2
Max. pile load 748.7 t 803 t Max. pile load 777.39 t
Min. pile load 216.9 t 170 t Min. pile load 269.41 t
Max. moment 492.8 tm Max. moment 492.85 tm

54
11(b) Shear check in ULS:

As per IRS:CBC,

(I) Vmax <= [0.75 * fck0.5 or 4.75] * bw * d


(II) Vc = [s * vc] * bw * d * [1 + 0.05 * P / Ac]

Where,
s = (500/d)0.25 or 0.7 whichever is greater = 0.77
vc = 0.27/m (100Asl.fck/Ac)1/3 = 0.68
m = 1.25
d is the depth of the member = (r+2rs/) = 1397 mm
r is the radius of the section = 900 mm
rs is the radius of longitudinal reinforcemen = 781 mm
100 Asl / Ac = 0.69
fck is the characteristic compressive cube strength of concrete at 28 days = 45 Mpa
 P / Ac < 0.2 * fcd = 4.02 Mpa
NEd is the applied longitudinal force in the sectio
Ac is the cross ssectional area of concrete = 2544690.05 mm2
Here, VEd = 1217.74 t
Effect of Vertical Load is ignored conservatively.
Case P (t) HR (t) 0.05P/Ac Vc (t) Remarks
Seismic transverse 0.00 34.85 0.00 134.92 No shear reinf. required

55
CALCULATION OF DEFLECTION AT MSL

DEFLECTION AT MSL = 14.7 mm
Permissible value of Deflection = 18.00 mm 1% of Pile Diameter
as per IRC:78‐2014
Hence OK

56
Effective Length Calculation and eccentricity for Slenderness

Pile dim. d = 1.800 m


Distance b/w First and Second Peak = 26.000 m (between 2 moment peaks)
Free Length Lo = 26.000 m
Effective length le = 39.000 m (1.5 x Lo)
As per Cl 15.6, IRS CBC, Slederness ratio
le/h = 21.67 < 40
> 12
LONG COLUMN
Calculation for additional moments in longitudinal direction (Cl.15.6.5 of IRS CBC)
Mtx = Mix + Phy/1750(lex/hy)2(1-0.0035lex/hy)
= Mix + P x 0.446

Eccentricity 0.446 m say


0.45 m

57
ULS-Seismic Transverse Case
Calculation of Design Moments for Section Checks
(RIVET THEORY) (FRAME THEORY)
ULS ULS
Lateral Load 34.9
Maximum Load 584 514
Minimum Load 320 262
Eccentricity 0.45 m
Nominal second order moment due to Second Order effects Superposition considered as per Fig. 9 of IRS-CBC
Maximum Load 262.8 tm
Minimum Load 117.9 tm SWAY/DEFLECTION EFFECT OF PILE

Moment Moment Moment


First order First order Primary+Se Primary+Se
due to water due to water due to water Additional second Additional moment due to deflection of
Distance moment moment cond Order cond Order
current current current order moment ( tm ) pile( tm )
As per Fig. 9 of IRS- factor ( tm) Total Moment Moment Moment
( t-m) ( t-m) ( t-m)
CBC First Factor for
Order Second
Equivalent Variation Moment Order Deflection Deflectio
In In For For Max. For Min.
First of 2nd Resultant For Max. For Min. For Max. For Min. for 1t n due to For Min.
ULS transverse Longitudinal Max. Load Load
Order Order Moment Load Load Load Load horizontal actual Load
Direction Direction Load (ULS) (ULS)
Moment Moment force (mm) force (m)
0 12.8 446.7 145.6 51.0 154.3 601.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 240 240 1.3 0.020 11.7 5.2 613 606
1.0 11.7 408.3 143.2 50.1 151.7 560.0 0.01 2.4 1.1 243 241 1.2 0.022 12.9 5.8 573 566
2.0 10.6 369.9 139.0 48.7 147.3 517.2 0.04 9.5 4.3 250 245 1.2 0.024 14.2 6.4 531 524
3.0 9.6 335.0 133.0 46.6 140.9 476.0 0.08 21.5 9.6 262 250 1.1 0.026 15.5 6.9 491 483
4.0 8.5 296.7 125.3 43.9 132.8 429.4 0.15 38.1 17.1 279 258 1.1 0.029 16.7 7.5 446 437
5.0 7.4 258.3 116.2 40.7 123.1 381.4 0.23 59.6 26.7 300 267 1.0 0.031 18.0 8.1 399 389
6.0 6.3 219.9 105.6 37.0 111.9 331.8 0.33 85.8 38.5 326 279 0.9 0.033 19.3 8.6 351 340
7.0 5.2 181.5 93.7 32.8 99.3 280.8 0.44 116.8 52.4 357 293 0.9 0.035 20.5 9.2 378 302
8.0 4.1 143.1 80.6 28.2 85.4 228.5 0.58 152.6 68.4 393 309 0.8 0.037 21.8 9.8 415 319
9.0 3.1 108.2 66.4 23.2 70.3 178.5 0.73 193.1 86.6 433 327 0.7 0.039 23.0 10.3 457 337
10.0 2 69.8 51.2 17.9 54.2 124.0 0.91 238.4 106.9 479 347 0.7 0.042 24.3 10.9 503 358
10.5 1.45 50.6 43.2 15.1 45.8 96.4 1.00 262.8 117.9 503 358 0.7 0.043 24.9 11.2 528 369
11.0 0.9 31.4 35.2 12.3 37.3 68.7 0.91 238.4 106.9 479 347 0.6 0.044 25.6 11.5 504 359
21.00 12.0 -0.2 -7.0 18.5 6.5 19.6 12.6 0.73 193.1 86.6 433 327 0.6 0.046 26.8 12.0 460 339
13.0 -1.3 -45.4 1.1 0.4 1.2 -44.2 0.58 152.6 68.4 393 309 0.5 0.048 28.1 12.6 421 321
+ 14.0 -2.4 -83.8 -16.9 -5.9 17.9 -65.9 0.44 116.8 52.4 357 293 0.4 0.050 29.3 13.2 387 306
15.0 -3.5 -122.2 -35.2 -12.3 37.3 -84.9 0.33 85.8 38.5 326 279 0.4 0.052 30.6 13.7 357 293
16.0 -4.5 -157.1 -53.9 -18.9 57.1 -99.9 0.23 59.6 26.7 300 267 0.3 0.055 -31.9 14.3 332 281
17.0 -5.6 -195.4 -72.7 -25.4 77.0 -118.4 0.15 38.1 17.1 279 258 0.2 0.057 -33.1 14.9 312 272
18.0 -6.7 -233.8 -91.6 -32.1 -97.0 -330.9 0.08 21.5 9.6 262 250 0.2 0.059 -34.4 15.4 365 346
19.0 -7.5 -261.8 -106.5 -37.3 -112.8 -374.6 0.04 9.5 4.3 250 245 0.1 0.061 -35.7 16.0 410 391
20.0 -7.9 -275.7 -114.8 -40.2 -121.6 -397.3 0.01 2.4 1.1 243 241 0.1 0.063 -36.9 16.6 434 414
21.0 -8 -279.2 -117.6 -41.2 -124.6 -403.8 0.00 0.0 0.0 240 240 0.0 0.065 -38.2 17.1 442 421

Equivalent First Order Moment as per Equation 19 of IRS:CBC


Uniform Moment = 0.6M2+0.4M1= 199.1 tm 0.6x601+0.4x-403.8
0.4M2 = 240.4 tm 0.4x601
Final First Order Moment = 240.4 tm maximum of above 2
Moment @ 10.5m = 240.4 + 584.0 x 0.45
= 503.2 tm
Moment due to Sway Effect construction tolerance
eccentricity @ 10.5m = ( 1.3 - 0.7 ) x 34.9 + 20 = 43 mm
Moment = 584.0 x 0.043 = 24.9 tm

Final Design Moment @ 10.5m = 503.2 + 24.9


= 528 tm

58
ULS-Seismic Longitudinal Case
Calculation of Design Moments for Section Checks
(RIVET THEORY) (FRAME THEORY)
ULS ULS
Lateral Load 30.5
Maximum Load 629 683
Minimum Load 258 241
Eccentricity 0.45 m
Nominal second order moment due to Second Order effects Superposition considered as per Fig. 9 of IRS-CBC
Maximum Load 307.4 tm
Minimum Load 108.5 tm SWAY/DEFLECTION EFFECT OF PILE

Moment due Moment due Moment due


First order First order Primary+Se Primary+Se
to water to water to water Additional second Additional moment due to deflection of
Distance moment moment cond Order cond Order
current current current order moment ( tm ) pile( tm )
As per Fig. 9 of IRS- factor ( tm) Moment Moment Moment
( t-m) ( t-m) ( t-m) Total First
CBC Factor for
Order
Second
Variation Moment Deflection Deflectio
Equivalent In In Order For For Max. For Min.
of 2nd Resultant For Max. For Min. For Max. For Min. for 1t n due to For Min.
First Order ULS transverse Longitudinal Max. Load Load
Order Moment Load Load Load Load horizontal actual Load
Moment Direction Direction Load (ULS) (ULS)
Moment force (mm) force (m)
0 12.8 390.4 145.6 51.0 154.3 544.7 0.00 0.0 0.0 218 218 1.3 0.020 12.6 4.8 557 549
1.0 11.7 356.9 143.2 50.1 151.7 508.6 0.01 2.8 1.0 221 219 1.2 0.022 13.8 5.3 522 514
2.0 10.6 323.3 139.0 48.7 147.3 470.6 0.04 11.2 3.9 229 222 1.2 0.024 15.0 5.7 486 476
3.0 9.6 292.8 133.0 46.6 140.9 433.7 0.08 25.1 8.9 243 227 1.1 0.026 16.1 6.2 450 440
4.0 8.5 259.3 125.3 43.9 132.8 392.0 0.15 44.6 15.7 262 234 1.1 0.028 17.3 6.6 409 399
5.0 7.4 225.7 116.2 40.7 123.1 348.8 0.23 69.7 24.6 288 242 1.0 0.029 18.5 7.1 367 356
6.0 6.3 192.2 105.6 37.0 111.9 304.0 0.33 100.4 35.4 318 253 0.9 0.031 19.7 7.6 338 312
7.0 5.2 158.6 93.7 32.8 99.3 257.9 0.44 136.6 48.2 354 266 0.9 0.033 20.9 8.0 375 274
8.0 4.1 125.1 80.6 28.2 85.4 210.4 0.58 178.4 63.0 396 281 0.8 0.035 22.1 8.5 418 289
9.0 3.1 94.6 66.4 23.2 70.3 164.9 0.73 225.8 79.7 444 298 0.7 0.037 23.3 8.9 467 306
10.0 2 61.0 51.2 17.9 54.2 115.2 0.91 278.8 98.4 497 316 0.7 0.039 24.5 9.4 521 326
10.5 1.45 44.2 43.2 15.1 45.8 90.0 1.00 307.4 108.5 525 326 0.7 0.040 25.0 9.6 550 336
11.0 0.9 27.5 35.2 12.3 37.3 64.7 0.91 278.8 98.4 497 316 0.6 0.041 25.6 9.8 522 326
21.00 12.0 -0.2 -6.1 18.5 6.5 19.6 13.5 0.73 225.8 79.7 444 298 0.6 0.043 26.8 10.3 471 308
13.0 -1.3 -39.7 1.1 0.4 1.2 -38.5 0.58 178.4 63.0 396 281 0.5 0.045 28.0 10.7 424 292
+ 14.0 -2.4 -73.2 -16.9 -5.9 17.9 -55.3 0.44 136.6 48.2 354 266 0.4 0.046 29.2 11.2 384 277
15.0 -3.5 -106.8 -35.2 -12.3 37.3 -69.5 0.33 100.4 35.4 318 253 0.4 0.048 30.4 11.6 349 265
16.0 -4.5 -137.3 -53.9 -18.9 57.1 -80.1 0.23 69.7 24.6 288 242 0.3 0.050 -31.6 12.1 319 255
17.0 -5.6 -170.8 -72.7 -25.4 77.0 -93.8 0.15 44.6 15.7 262 234 0.2 0.052 -32.8 12.6 295 246
18.0 -6.7 -204.4 -91.6 -32.1 -97.0 -301.4 0.08 25.1 8.9 243 227 0.2 0.054 -34.0 13.0 335 314
19.0 -7.5 -228.8 -106.5 -37.3 -112.8 -341.6 0.04 11.2 3.9 229 222 0.1 0.056 -35.1 13.5 377 355
20.0 -7.9 -241.0 -114.8 -40.2 -121.6 -362.6 0.01 2.8 1.0 221 219 0.1 0.058 -36.3 13.9 399 376
21.0 -8 -244.0 -117.6 -41.2 -124.6 -368.6 0.00 0.0 0.0 218 218 0.0 0.060 -37.5 14.4 406 383

Equivalent First Order Moment as per Equation 19 of IRS:CBC


Uniform Moment = 0.6M2+0.4M1= 179.4 tm
0.4M2 = 217.9 tm
Final First Order Moment = 217.9 tm maximum of above 2
Moment @ 10.5m = 217.9 + 683.0 x 0.45
= 525.2 tm
Moment due to Sway Effect construction tolerance
eccentricity @ 10.5m = ( 1.3 - 0.7 ) x 30.5 + 20 = 40 mm
Moment = 683.0 x 0.040 = 27.2 tm

Final Design Moment @ 10.5m = 525.2 + 27.2


= 552 tm

59
ULS-Wind Case
Calculation of Design Moments for Section Checks
(RIVET THEORY) (FRAME THEORY)
ULS ULS
Lateral Load 32.2
Maximum Load 749 803
Minimum Load 217 170
Eccentricity 0.45 m
Nominal second order moment due to Second Order effects Superposition considered as per Fig. 9 of IRS-CBC
Maximum Load 361.4 tm
Minimum Load 76.5 tm SWAY/DEFLECTION EFFECT OF PILE

Moment due Moment due Moment due


First order First order Primary+Se Primary+Se
to water to water to water Additional second Additional moment due to deflection of
Distance moment moment cond Order cond Order
current current current order moment ( tm ) pile( tm )
As per Fig. 9 of IRS- factor ( tm) Total Moment Moment Moment
( t-m) ( t-m) ( t-m)
CBC First Factor for
Order Second
Variation Moment Order Deflection Deflectio
Equivalent In In For For Max. For Min.
of 2nd Resultant For Max. For Min. For Max. For Min. for 1t n due to For Min.
First Order ULS transverse Longitudinal Max. Load Load
Order Moment Load Load Load Load horizontal actual Load
Moment Direction Direction Load (ULS) (ULS)
Moment force (mm) force (m)

0 15.3 492.7 186.0 65.1 197.1 689.7 0.00 0.0 0.0 277 277 1.8 0.020 16.1 3.4 706 693
1.0 14.2 457.2 182.7 63.9 193.6 650.8 0.01 2.7 0.6 280 278 1.7 0.023 18.1 3.8 669 655
2.0 13 418.6 177.6 62.2 188.2 606.8 0.03 10.9 2.3 288 279 1.6 0.025 20.1 4.3 627 611
3.0 11.9 383.2 170.8 59.8 181.0 564.1 0.07 24.6 5.2 302 282 1.6 0.028 22.1 4.7 586 569
4.0 10.8 347.8 162.3 56.8 172.0 519.7 0.12 43.7 9.3 321 286 1.5 0.030 24.2 5.1 544 525
5.0 9.6 309.1 152.3 53.3 161.4 470.5 0.19 68.3 14.5 345 292 1.4 0.033 26.2 5.5 497 476
6.0 8.5 273.7 140.8 49.3 149.2 422.9 0.27 98.4 20.8 375 298 1.3 0.035 28.2 6.0 451 429
7.0 7.4 238.3 128.1 44.8 135.7 374.0 0.37 133.9 28.3 411 305 1.3 0.038 30.2 6.4 441 380
8.0 6.2 199.6 114.1 39.9 120.9 320.5 0.48 174.9 37.0 452 314 1.2 0.040 32.2 6.8 484 327
9.0 5.1 164.2 99.1 34.7 105.0 269.2 0.61 221.3 46.9 498 324 1.1 0.043 34.3 7.3 533 331
10.0 4 128.8 83.0 29.1 87.9 216.7 0.76 273.2 57.8 550 335 1.0 0.045 36.3 7.7 587 343
11.0 2.8 90.2 66.2 23.2 70.1 160.3 0.91 330.6 70.0 608 347 0.9 0.048 38.3 8.1 646 355
23.00 11.5 2.3 72.5 57.4 20.1 60.8 133.2 1.00 361.4 76.5 638 354 0.9 0.049 39.3 8.3 678 362
12.0 1.7 54.7 48.5 17.0 51.4 106.1 0.91 330.6 70.0 608 347 0.9 0.050 40.3 8.5 648 356
+ 13.0 0.5 16.1 30.3 10.6 32.1 48.2 0.76 273.2 57.8 550 335 0.8 0.053 42.4 9.0 593 344
14.0 -0.6 -19.3 11.5 4.0 12.2 -7.1 0.61 221.3 46.9 498 324 0.7 0.055 44.4 9.4 543 333
15.0 -1.7 -54.7 -7.7 -2.7 8.2 -46.6 0.48 174.9 37.0 452 314 0.6 0.058 46.4 9.8 498 324
16.0 -2.9 -93.4 -27.2 -9.5 28.8 -64.6 0.37 133.9 28.3 411 305 0.5 0.060 48.4 10.3 459 316
17.0 -4 -128.8 -46.9 -16.4 49.7 -79.1 0.27 98.4 20.8 375 298 0.5 0.063 50.5 10.7 426 309
18.0 -5.1 -164.2 -66.7 -23.3 -70.7 -234.9 0.19 68.3 14.5 345 292 0.4 0.065 52.5 11.1 398 303
19.0 -6.1 -196.4 -83.8 -29.3 -88.8 -285.2 0.12 43.7 9.3 321 286 0.3 0.068 54.5 11.5 375 298
20.0 -6.8 -219.0 -95.9 -33.6 -101.6 -320.6 0.07 24.6 5.2 302 282 0.2 0.070 56.5 12.0 377 333
21.0 -7.2 -231.8 -103.8 -36.3 -110.0 -341.8 0.03 10.9 2.3 288 279 0.2 0.073 58.6 12.4 400 354
22.0 -7.3 -235.1 -108.0 -37.8 -114.4 -349.5 0.01 2.7 0.6 280 278 0.1 0.075 60.6 12.8 410 362
23.0 -7.3 -235.1 -109.0 -38.2 -115.5 -350.5 0.00 0.0 0.0 277 277 0.0 0.078 62.6 13.3 413 364

Equivalent First Order Moment as per Equation 19 of IRS:CBC


Uniform Moment = 0.6M2+0.4M1= 277.1 tm
0.4M2 = 275.9 tm
Final First Order Moment = 277.1 tm maximum of above 2
Moment @ 11.5m = 277.1 + 803.0 x 0.45
= 638.5 tm
Moment due to Sway Effect construction tolerance
eccentricity @ 11.5m = ( 1.8 - 0.9 ) x 32.2 + 20 = 49 mm
Moment = 803.0 x 0.049 = 39.3 tm

Final Design Moment @ 11.5m = 638.5 + 39.3


= 678 tm

60
Calculation of Design Moments for Section Checks in SLS WIND CASE
(RIVET THEORY) (FRAME THEORY)
SLS SLS
Lateral Load 26.5
Maximum Load 442 553 t
Minimum Load 151 116 t

SWAY/DEFLECTION EFFECT OF PILE


Moment Moment Moment
First order due to due to due to
Distance moment water water water Additional moment due to deflection of pile( tm )
factor current current current
Total
( t-m) ( t-m) ( t-m)
Moment
In Deflection Deflection
In For
Longitudin Resultant for 1t due to For Min. For Min.
transverse Max.
al Moment horizontal actual force Load Load (SLS)
Direction Load
Direction force (mm) (m)
0 15.3 186.0 65.1 197.1 197.1 1.8 0.020 8.8 2.3 603
1.0 14.2 182.7 63.9 193.6 193.6 1.7 0.022 9.8 2.6 570
2.0 13 177.6 62.2 188.2 188.2 1.6 0.024 10.7 2.8 533
3.0 11.9 170.8 59.8 181.0 181.0 1.6 0.026 11.6 3.0 496
4.0 10.8 162.3 56.8 172.0 172.0 1.5 0.028 12.5 3.3 458
5.0 9.6 152.3 53.3 161.4 161.4 1.4 0.030 13.4 3.5 416
6.0 8.5 140.8 49.3 149.2 149.2 1.3 0.032 14.3 3.8 374
7.0 7.4 128.1 44.8 135.7 135.7 1.3 0.035 15.3 4.0 332
8.0 6.2 114.1 39.9 120.9 120.9 1.2 0.037 16.2 4.2 285
9.0 5.1 99.1 34.7 105.0 105.0 1.1 0.039 17.1 4.5 240
10.0 4 83.0 29.1 87.9 87.9 1.0 0.041 18.0 4.7 194
11.0 2.8 66.2 23.2 70.1 70.1 0.9 0.043 18.9 5.0 144
12.0 1.7 48.5 17.0 51.4 51.4 0.9 0.045 19.8 5.2 96
13.0 0.5 30.3 10.6 32.1 32.1 0.8 0.047 20.8 5.4 45
14.0 -0.6 11.5 4.0 12.2 12.2 0.7 0.049 21.7 5.7 28
15.0 -1.7 -7.7 -2.7 8.2 8.2 0.6 0.051 22.6 5.9 53
16.0 -2.9 -27.2 -9.5 28.8 28.8 0.5 0.053 23.5 6.2 106
17.0 -4 -46.9 -16.4 49.7 49.7 0.5 0.055 24.4 6.4 156
18.0 -5.1 -66.7 -23.3 -70.7 -70.7 0.4 0.057 25.3 6.7 206
19.0 -6.1 -83.8 -29.3 -88.8 -88.8 0.3 0.059 26.3 6.9 250
20.0 -6.8 -95.9 -33.6 -101.6 -101.6 0.2 0.061 27.2 7.1 282
21.0 -7.2 -103.8 -36.3 -110.0 -110.0 0.2 0.064 28.1 7.4 301
22.0 -7.3 -108.0 -37.8 -114.4 -114.4 0.1 0.066 29.0 7.6 308
23.0 -7.3 -109.0 -38.2 -115.5 -115.5 0.0 0.068 29.9 7.9 309

61
Check for Circular Section at Second
WIND CASE
Peak(23m below cut off)
Grade of concrete = M 40
Grade of reinforcement = Fe 500
Short term modulus of elasticity E (Steel/Concrete) = 2.00E+05 3.30E+04 Mpa
Partial factor of safety for strength of concrete m = 1.50
Partial factor of safety for strength of steel m = 1.15
Modular ratio = 7.00
Modular ratio = 10.50

Design forces (ULS)


Max. Axial load at centroid of the section (ULS), P1 = 1668 kN
Moment of the section (ULS) = 4052 kNm
Assumed Neutral Axis, NA1 = 382 mm
Net Axial Load , P2 = 1668 KN
Difference = P2-P1 = 0 KN

Sectional dimensional Details


Diameter of section = 1800 mm

Reinforcement Details
No of Bars = 26 Layer 1 
Diameter of Longitudinal Bars = 32 mm Layer 2 
% Reinforcement = = 0.82 Layer 3 
Clear cover to any reinforcement = 75 mm As = 209.1 cm2
Diameter of transverse reinforcement = 20 mm

Check Results for ULS Case


Ultimate capacity of Section :
Axial load at centroid of the section (ULS) = 1668 kN
Moment capacity of the section (ULS) = 7244 kNm

Applied Load on Section :


Axial load at centroid of the section (ULS) = 1668 kN
Moment of the section (ULS) = 4052 kNm OK

62
Check for Circular Section(11.5m below
WIND CASE
cut off level)
Grade of concrete = M 40
Grade of reinforcement = Fe 500
Short term modulus of elasticity E (Steel/Concrete) = 2.00E+05 3.30E+04 Mpa
Partial factor of safety for strength of concrete m = 1.50
Partial factor of safety for strength of steel m = 1.15
Modular ratio = 7.00
Modular ratio = 10.50

Design forces (ULS)


Max. Axial load at centroid of the section (ULS), P1 = 7877 kN
Moment of the section (ULS) = 6651 kNm
Assumed Neutral Axis, NA1 = 567 mm
Net Axial Load , P2 = 7877 KN
Difference = P2-P1 = 0 KN

Sectional dimensional Details


Diameter of section = 1800 mm

Reinforcement Details
No of Bars = 26 Layer 1 
Diameter of Longitudinal Bars = 32 mm Layer 2 
% Reinforcement = = 0.82 Layer 3 
Clear cover to any reinforcement = 75 mm As = 209.1 cm2
Diameter of transverse reinforcement = 20 mm

Check Results for ULS Case


Ultimate capacity of Section :
Axial load at centroid of the section (ULS) = 7877 kN
Moment capacity of the section (ULS) = 9778 kNm

Applied Load on Section :


Axial load at centroid of the section (ULS) = 7877 kN
Moment of the section (ULS) = 6651 kNm OK

63
Check for Circular Section(8m below cut
WIND CASE
off level)
Grade of concrete = M 40
Grade of reinforcement = Fe 500
Short term modulus of elasticity E (Steel/Concrete) = 2.00E+05 3.30E+04 Mpa
Partial factor of safety for strength of concrete m = 1.50
Partial factor of safety for strength of steel m = 1.15
Modular ratio = 7.00
Modular ratio = 10.50

Design forces (ULS)


Max. Axial load at centroid of the section (ULS), P1 = 7877 kN
Moment of the section (ULS) = 4748 kNm
Assumed Neutral Axis, NA1 = 567 mm
Net Axial Load , P2 = 7877 KN
Difference = P2-P1 = 0 KN

Sectional dimensional Details


Diameter of section = 1800 mm

Reinforcement Details
No of Bars = 26 Layer 1 
Diameter of Longitudinal Bars = 32 mm Layer 2 
% Reinforcement = = 0.82 Layer 3 
Clear cover to any reinforcement = 75 mm As = 209.1 cm2
Diameter of transverse reinforcement = 20 mm

Check Results for ULS Case


Ultimate capacity of Section :
Axial load at centroid of the section (ULS) = 7877 kN
Moment capacity of the section (ULS) = 9778 kNm

Applied Load on Section :


Axial load at centroid of the section (ULS) = 7877 kN
Moment of the section (ULS) = 4748 kNm OK

64
Check for Circular Section(6m below cut
WIND CASE
off level)
Grade of concrete = M 40
Grade of reinforcement = Fe 500
Short term modulus of elasticity E (Steel/Concrete) = 2.00E+05 3.30E+04 Mpa
Partial factor of safety for strength of concrete m = 1.50
Partial factor of safety for strength of steel m = 1.15
Modular ratio = 7.00
Modular ratio = 10.50

Design forces (ULS)


Max. Axial load at centroid of the section (ULS), P1 = 7877 kN
Moment of the section (ULS) = 4424 kNm
Assumed Neutral Axis, NA1 = 641 mm
Net Axial Load , P2 = 7877 KN
Difference = P2-P1 = 0 KN

Sectional dimensional Details


Diameter of section = 1800 mm

Reinforcement Details
No of Bars = 52 Layer 1 
Diameter of Longitudinal Bars = 32 mm Layer 2 
% Reinforcement = = 1.64 Layer 3 
Clear cover to any reinforcement = 75 mm As = 418.2 cm2
Diameter of transverse reinforcement = 20 mm

Check Results for ULS Case


Ultimate capacity of Section :
Axial load at centroid of the section (ULS) = 7877 kN
Moment capacity of the section (ULS) = 14137 kNm

Applied Load on Section :


Axial load at centroid of the section (ULS) = 7877 kN
Moment of the section (ULS) = 4424 kNm OK

65
Check for Circular Section(at cut off level) WIND CASE
Material Data
Grade of concrete = M 40
Grade of reinforcement = Fe 500
Short term modulus of elasticity E (Steel/Concrete) = 2.00E+05 3.30E+04 Mpa
Partial factor of safety for strength of concrete m = 1.50
Partial factor of safety for strength of steel m = 1.15
Modular ratio = 7.00
Modular ratio = 10.50

Design forces (ULS)


Max. Axial load at centroid of the section (ULS), P1 = 1668 kN
Moment of the section (ULS) = 6926 kNm
Assumed Neutral Axis, NA1 = 572 mm
Net Axial Load , P2 = 1668 KN
Difference = P2-P1 = 0 KN

Sectional dimensional Details


Diameter of section = 1800 mm

Reinforcement Details
No of Bars = 78 Layer 1 
Diameter of Longitudinal Bars = 32 mm Layer 2 
% Reinforcement = = 2.47 Layer 3 
Clear cover to any reinforcement = 96 mm As = 627.3 cm2
Diameter of transverse reinforcement = 20 mm

Check Results for ULS Case


Ultimate capacity of Section :
Axial load at centroid of the section (ULS) = 1668 kN
Moment capacity of the section (ULS) = 16548 kNm

Applied Load on Section :


Axial load at centroid of the section (ULS) = 1668 kN
Moment of the section (ULS) = 6926 kNm OK

66
Check for Circular Section at Second
WIND CASE
Peak(23m below cut off)
Grade of concrete = M 40
Grade of reinforcement = Fe 500
Short term modulus of elasticity E (Steel/Concrete) = 2.00E+05 3.30E+04 Mpa
Partial factor of safety for strength of concrete m = 1.50
Partial factor of safety for strength of steel m = 1.15
Modular ratio = 7.00
Modular ratio = 10.50

Design forces (ULS)


Max. Axial load at centroid of the section (ULS), P1 = 1668 kN
Moment of the section (ULS) = 4052 kNm
Assumed Neutral Axis, NA1 = 382 mm
Net Axial Load , P2 = 1668 KN
Difference = P2-P1 = 0 KN

Sectional dimensional Details


Diameter of section = 1800 mm

Reinforcement Details
No of Bars = 26 Layer 1 
Diameter of Longitudinal Bars = 32 mm Layer 2 
% Reinforcement = = 0.82 Layer 3 
Clear cover to any reinforcement = 75 mm As = 209.1 cm2
Diameter of transverse reinforcement = 20 mm

Check Results for ULS Case


Ultimate capacity of Section :
Axial load at centroid of the section (ULS) = 1668 kN
Moment capacity of the section (ULS) = 7244 kNm

Applied Load on Section :


Axial load at centroid of the section (ULS) = 1668 kN
Moment of the section (ULS) = 4052 kNm OK

67
Check for Circular Section(11.5m below
WIND CASE
cut off level)
Grade of concrete = M 40
Grade of reinforcement = Fe 500
Short term modulus of elasticity E (Steel/Concrete) = 2.00E+05 3.30E+04 Mpa
Partial factor of safety for strength of concrete m = 1.50
Partial factor of safety for strength of steel m = 1.15
Modular ratio = 7.00
Modular ratio = 10.50

Design forces (ULS)


Max. Axial load at centroid of the section (ULS), P1 = 7877 kN
Moment of the section (ULS) = 6651 kNm
Assumed Neutral Axis, NA1 = 567 mm
Net Axial Load , P2 = 7877 KN
Difference = P2-P1 = 0 KN

Sectional dimensional Details


Diameter of section = 1800 mm

Reinforcement Details
No of Bars = 26 Layer 1 
Diameter of Longitudinal Bars = 32 mm Layer 2 
% Reinforcement = = 0.82 Layer 3 
Clear cover to any reinforcement = 75 mm As = 209.1 cm2
Diameter of transverse reinforcement = 20 mm

Check Results for ULS Case


Ultimate capacity of Section :
Axial load at centroid of the section (ULS) = 7877 kN
Moment capacity of the section (ULS) = 9778 kNm

Applied Load on Section :


Axial load at centroid of the section (ULS) = 7877 kN
Moment of the section (ULS) = 6651 kNm OK

68
Check for Circular Section(8m below cut
WIND CASE
off level)
Grade of concrete = M 40
Grade of reinforcement = Fe 500
Short term modulus of elasticity E (Steel/Concrete) = 2.00E+05 3.30E+04 Mpa
Partial factor of safety for strength of concrete m = 1.50
Partial factor of safety for strength of steel m = 1.15
Modular ratio = 7.00
Modular ratio = 10.50

Design forces (ULS)


Max. Axial load at centroid of the section (ULS), P1 = 7877 kN
Moment of the section (ULS) = 4748 kNm
Assumed Neutral Axis, NA1 = 567 mm
Net Axial Load , P2 = 7877 KN
Difference = P2-P1 = 0 KN

Sectional dimensional Details


Diameter of section = 1800 mm

Reinforcement Details
No of Bars = 26 Layer 1 
Diameter of Longitudinal Bars = 32 mm Layer 2 
% Reinforcement = = 0.82 Layer 3 
Clear cover to any reinforcement = 75 mm As = 209.1 cm2
Diameter of transverse reinforcement = 20 mm

Check Results for ULS Case


Ultimate capacity of Section :
Axial load at centroid of the section (ULS) = 7877 kN
Moment capacity of the section (ULS) = 9778 kNm

Applied Load on Section :


Axial load at centroid of the section (ULS) = 7877 kN
Moment of the section (ULS) = 4748 kNm OK

69
Check for Circular Section(6m below cut
WIND CASE
off level)
Grade of concrete = M 40
Grade of reinforcement = Fe 500
Short term modulus of elasticity E (Steel/Concrete) = 2.00E+05 3.30E+04 Mpa
Partial factor of safety for strength of concrete m = 1.50
Partial factor of safety for strength of steel m = 1.15
Modular ratio = 7.00
Modular ratio = 10.50

Design forces (ULS)


Max. Axial load at centroid of the section (ULS), P1 = 7877 kN
Moment of the section (ULS) = 4424 kNm
Assumed Neutral Axis, NA1 = 641 mm
Net Axial Load , P2 = 7877 KN
Difference = P2-P1 = 0 KN

Sectional dimensional Details


Diameter of section = 1800 mm

Reinforcement Details
No of Bars = 52 Layer 1 
Diameter of Longitudinal Bars = 32 mm Layer 2 
% Reinforcement = = 1.64 Layer 3 
Clear cover to any reinforcement = 75 mm As = 418.2 cm2
Diameter of transverse reinforcement = 20 mm

Check Results for ULS Case


Ultimate capacity of Section :
Axial load at centroid of the section (ULS) = 7877 kN
Moment capacity of the section (ULS) = 14137 kNm

Applied Load on Section :


Axial load at centroid of the section (ULS) = 7877 kN
Moment of the section (ULS) = 4424 kNm OK

70
Check for Circular Section(at cut off level) WIND CASE
Material Data
Grade of concrete = M 40
Grade of reinforcement = Fe 500
Short term modulus of elasticity E (Steel/Concrete) = 2.00E+05 3.30E+04 Mpa
Partial factor of safety for strength of concrete m = 1.50
Partial factor of safety for strength of steel m = 1.15
Modular ratio = 7.00
Modular ratio = 10.50

Design forces (ULS)


Max. Axial load at centroid of the section (ULS), P1 = 1668 kN
Moment of the section (ULS) = 6926 kNm
Assumed Neutral Axis, NA1 = 572 mm
Net Axial Load , P2 = 1668 KN
Difference = P2-P1 = 0 KN

Sectional dimensional Details


Diameter of section = 1800 mm

Reinforcement Details
No of Bars = 78 Layer 1 
Diameter of Longitudinal Bars = 32 mm Layer 2 
% Reinforcement = = 2.47 Layer 3 
Clear cover to any reinforcement = 96 mm As = 627.3 cm2
Diameter of transverse reinforcement = 20 mm

Check Results for ULS Case


Ultimate capacity of Section :
Axial load at centroid of the section (ULS) = 1668 kN
Moment capacity of the section (ULS) = 16548 kNm

Applied Load on Section :


Axial load at centroid of the section (ULS) = 1668 kN
Moment of the section (ULS) = 6926 kNm OK

71
CRACK WIDTH CHECK AT CUT-OFF LEVEL

Calculation of Moments in G1 case

Total force in Transverse direction = 76.5 t


Total force in Longitudinal direction = 75.0 t
No of Piles = 6.0
Force in Transverse Direction per pile = 12.75 t
Force in Longitudnal Direction per pile 12.49 t
Moment for 1t horizontal force = 15.3 tm

Moment in Transverse Direction = 195.1 tm


Moment in Longitudnal Direction = 191.1 tm

Moment Due to Water Current

Moment in Transverse Direction = 186.0 tm


Moment in Longitudnal Direction = 65.1 tm

Moment in Transverse Direction = 381.1 tm


Moment in Longitudnal Direction = 256.2 tm

Resultant Moment = 459.2 tm

72
Calculation of Neutral Axis depth & Stress in Steel for Crack Width Check
(AT CUT-OFF LEVEL)

Material Data

Grade of concrete = M 40
Grade of reinforcement = Fe 500
Short term modulus of elasticity of steel E = 2.00E+05 Mpa
Partial factor of safety for strength of concrete m = 1.50
Partial factor of safety for strength of steel m = 1.15
Modular ratio, tension = 280/fck = = 7.00
Modular ratio, compression = 420/fck = 10.50

Design forces (SLS)


Max. Axial load at centroid of the section (SLS) = 1707 kN
Moment of the section (SLS) = 4505 kNm
Moment of the section due to Permanent Load (SLS) = 0 kNm
Moment of the section due to transit Load (SLS) = 4505 kNm
Assumed Neutral Axis, NA1 = 626.0 mm
Neutral Axis as per calculation, NA2 = 626.0 mm
Difference = NA2-NA1 = 0 mm

Sectional dimensional Details


Diameter of section = 1800 mm

Reinforcement Details
No of Bars = 78
Diameter of Longitudinal Bars = 32 mm
% Reinforcement = = 2.47
Clear cover to any reinforcement = 96 mm
Diameter of transverse reinforcement = 20 mm

Check Results for SLS Case

Maximum Compressive Stress in Concrete = = 10.33 Mpa


Maximum Compressive Stress in Steel = = 57.08 Mpa
Maximum Tensile Stress in Steel = = 120.41 Mpa

73
CALCULATION OF CRACK WIDTH FOR PILE (AS PER IRS:CBC-1997)

As per clause 10.2.1 of IRS:CBC, crack width check is required for all RCC members, so that crack width do not exceed
0.2mm. As per clause 11.3.2, crack width check is required for combination 1 only.
Design surface crack width = 3 . acr . m
1 + 2 ( acr - cnom)
(h - dc)
where
cnom = Required nominal cover of tension steel

acr = Distance from the point (crack) considered


to the surface of nearest longitudinal bar

m = Calculated strain at the level where the cracking is being considered allowing for the stiffening effect of the concrete
in the tension zone obtained from equation
-9
m =  - [3.8 bt h (a' -dc)] [1-Mq/Mg] 10
s As ( h - dc)
bt = Width of the section at the centroid of the tension steel

a' = Distance from the compression face to the point at which


the crack width is being calculated

h = Overall depth of the member

 = Calculated strain at the level where cracking is being


considered, ignoring the stiffening effect of
concrete in tension zone

dc = Depth of concrete in compression

As = area of tension reinforcement

Mg = Moment at the section considered due to permanent loads

Mq = Moment at the section considered due to live loads

s = Calculated strain in the tension reinforcement ignoring


stiffening effect of concrete in tension zone

m = modular ratio

74
Crack Width Check in Pile at Pilecap Bottom

Nominal cover cnom = 50 mm Spacing of bars = 190.7 mm


Dia of main bar = 32 mm Effective cover = 132 mm
bt = 1.80 m d= 1668 mm
2
As = 313.7 cm a' = 1.80 m
h = 1.80 m acr = 0.1000 m

Design bending moment due to dead loads = 0.01 t-m


Design bending moment due to live loads = 459.23 t-m
Total design bending moment = 459.24 t-m
2
Modulus of elasticity of conc.Ec = 3.10E+04 Mpa = 3.16E+06 t/m
2
Modulus of elasticity of steel Es = 2.00E+05 Mpa = 2.04E+07 t/m
2
Ec/2 = 1.58E+06 t/m

m =Es/Ec = 2.0E+07 = 12.90


1.6E+06

Depth of neutral axis, dc = 0.626 m

Stress in steel = 12040.6 t/m2

Strain at the centroid of tension steel


s = 12040.6 = 5.90E-04 626.00
2.04E+07
Strain at the tensile face of concrete
= 5.90E-04 * 1174.00 1042.00
1042.00 5.90E-04
= 6.65E-04 132 6.65E-04

-9
m  6.65E-04 - [ 3.8 * 1.80 * 1.80 * ( 1.80 - 0.6260 ) ] {1- 459.23 } 10
0.031365661 * ( 1.80 - 0.6260 ) * 5.90E-04 0.01
= 0.00066 - -3.0541E+01 = 30.541 > 0.00066
Hence, Section is cracked
Design crack width =
3 x 0.1000 x 0.00066
1+ { 2 ( 0.1000 - 0.05 )/( 1.80 - 0.626 )}
= 0.00020
1.085
= 0.000184 m = 0.184 mm < 0.200 mm
HENCE, OK

75
CRACK WIDTH CHECK AT FIXITY LEVEL

Calculation of Moments in G1 case

Total force in Transverse direction = 76.5 t


Total force in Longitudinal direction = 75.0 t
No of Piles = 6.0
Force in Transverse Direction per pile = 12.75 t
Force in Longitudnal Direction per pile 12.49 t
Moment for 1t horizontal force = 7.3 tm

Moment in Transverse Direction = 93.1 tm


Moment in Longitudnal Direction = 91.2 tm

Moment Due to Water Current

Moment in Transverse Direction = 109.0 tm


Moment in Longitudnal Direction = 38.2 tm

Moment in Transverse Direction = 202.1 tm


Moment in Longitudnal Direction = 129.3 tm

Resultant Moment = 239.9 tm

76
Calculation of Neutral Axis depth & Stress in Steel for Crack Width Check
(AT SECOND PEAK)

Material Data

Grade of concrete = M 40
Grade of reinforcement = Fe 500
Short term modulus of elasticity of steel E = 2.00E+05 Mpa
Partial factor of safety for strength of concrete m = 1.50
Partial factor of safety for strength of steel m = 1.15
Modular ratio, tension = 280/fck = = 7.00
Modular ratio, compression = 420/fck = 10.50

Design forces (SLS)


Max. Axial load at centroid of the section (SLS) = 1707 kN
Moment of the section (SLS) = 2354 kNm
Moment of the section due to Permanent Load (SLS) = 0 kNm
Moment of the section due to transit Load (SLS) = 2354 kNm
Assumed Neutral Axis, NA1 = 558.7 mm
Neutral Axis as per calculation, NA2 = 558.7 mm
Difference = NA2-NA1 = 0 mm

Sectional dimensional Details


Diameter of section = 1800 mm

Reinforcement Details
No of Bars = 26
Diameter of Longitudinal Bars = 32 mm
% Reinforcement = = 0.82
Clear cover to any reinforcement = 75 mm
Diameter of transverse reinforcement = 20 mm

Check Results for SLS Case

Maximum Compressive Stress in Concrete = = 8.61 Mpa


Maximum Compressive Stress in Steel = = 48.27 Mpa
Maximum Tensile Stress in Steel = = 121.89 Mpa

77
CALCULATION OF CRACK WIDTH FOR PILE (AS PER IRS:CBC-1997)

As per clause 10.2.1 of IRS:CBC, crack width check is required for all RCC members, so that crack width do not exceed
0.2mm. As per clause 11.3.2, crack width check is required for combination 1 only.
Design surface crack width = 3 . acr . m
1 + 2 ( acr - cnom)
(h - dc)
where
cnom = Required nominal cover of tension steel

acr = Distance from the point (crack) considered


to the surface of nearest longitudinal bar

m = Calculated strain at the level where the cracking is being considered allowing for the stiffening effect of the concrete in
the tension zone obtained from equation
-9
m =  - [3.8 bt h (a' -dc)] [1-Mq/Mg] 10
s As ( h - dc)
bt = Width of the section at the centroid of the tension steel

a' = Distance from the compression face to the point at which


the crack width is being calculated

h = Overall depth of the member

 = Calculated strain at the level where cracking is being


considered, ignoring the stiffening effect of
concrete in tension zone

dc = Depth of concrete in compression

As = area of tension reinforcement

Mg = Moment at the section considered due to permanent loads

Mq = Moment at the section considered due to live loads

s = Calculated strain in the tension reinforcement ignoring


stiffening effect of concrete in tension zone

m = modular ratio

78
Crack Width Check in Pile at Pilecap Bottom

Nominal cover cnom = 50 mm Spacing of bars = 190.7 mm


Dia of main bar = 32 mm Effective cover = 111 mm
bt = 1.80 m d= 1689 mm
2
As = 104.55 cm a' = 1.80 m
h = 1.80 m acr = 0.1000 m

Design bending moment due to dead loads = 0.01 t-m


Design bending moment due to live loads = 239.94 t-m
Total design bending moment = 239.95 t-m
2
Modulus of elasticity of conc.Ec = 3.10E+04 Mpa = 3.16E+06 t/m
2
Modulus of elasticity of steel Es = 2.00E+05 Mpa = 2.04E+07 t/m
2
Ec/2 = 1.58E+06 t/m

m =Es/Ec = 2.0E+07 = 12.90


1.6E+06

Depth of neutral axis, dc = 0.559 m

Stress in steel = 12189.1 t/m2

Strain at the centroid of tension steel


s = 12189.1 = 5.98E-04 558.67
2.04E+07
Strain at the tensile face of concrete
= 5.98E-04 * 1241.33 1130.33
1130.33 5.98E-04
= 6.56E-04 111 6.56E-04

-9
m  6.56E-04 - [ 3.8 * 1.80 * 1.80 * ( 1.80 - 0.5587 ) ] {1- 239.94 } 10
0.01045522 * ( 1.80 - 0.5587 ) * 5.98E-04 0.01
= 0.00066 - -4.7286E+01 = 47.287 > 0.00066
Hence, Section is cracked
Design crack width =
3 x 0.1000 x 0.00066
1+ { 2 ( 0.1000 - 0.05 )/( 1.80 - 0.559 )}
= 0.00020
1.080
= 0.00018 m = 0.182 mm < 0.200 mm
HENCE, OK

79
ANNEXURE A - STAAD INPUTS

STAAD IDEALIZATION OF FRAME

80
STAAD SPACE

START JOB INFORMATION

ENGINEER DATE 31-Dec-17

END JOB INFORMATION

INPUT WIDTH 79

UNIT METER MTON

JOINT COORDINATES

409 2.7 56.35 -16.2; 410 2.7 56.35 -10.8; 411 2.7 56.35 -5.4;

413 2.7 56.35 -8.1; 416 0 56.35 -5.4; 417 0 56.35 -10.8; 418 0 56.35 -16.2;

420 5.4 56.35 -5.4; 421 5.4 56.35 -10.8; 422 5.4 56.35 -16.2;

423 5.4 56.35 -8.1; 424 0 56.35 -8.1; 425 2.7 56.35 -13.5; 427 5.4 56.35 -13.5;

428 0 56.35 -13.5; 429 2.7 56.45 -10.8; 1100 0 55 -16.2; 1101 0 54 -16.2;

1102 0 53 -16.2; 1103 0 52 -16.2; 1104 0 51 -16.2; 1105 0 50 -16.2;

1106 0 49 -16.2; 1107 0 48 -16.2; 1108 0 47 -16.2; 1109 0 46 -16.2;

1110 0 45 -16.2; 1111 0 44 -16.2; 1112 0 43 -16.2; 1113 0 42 -16.2;

1114 0 41 -16.2; 1115 0 40 -16.2; 1116 0 39 -16.2; 1117 0 38 -16.2;

1118 0 37 -16.2; 1119 0 36 -16.2; 1120 0 35 -16.2; 1121 0 34 -16.2;

1122 0 33 -16.2; 1123 0 32 -16.2; 1124 0 31 -16.2; 1125 0 30 -16.2;

1126 0 29 -16.2; 1127 0 28 -16.2; 1128 0 27 -16.2; 1129 0 26 -16.2;

1130 0 25 -16.2; 1131 0 24 -16.2; 1132 0 23 -16.2; 1133 0 22 -16.2;

1134 0 21 -16.2; 1135 0 20 -16.2; 1136 0 19 -16.2; 1137 0 18 -16.2;

1138 0 17 -16.2; 1139 0 16 -16.2; 1140 0 15 -16.2; 1141 5.4 55 -16.2;

1142 5.4 54 -16.2; 1143 5.4 53 -16.2; 1144 5.4 52 -16.2; 1145 5.4 51 -16.2;

1146 5.4 50 -16.2; 1147 5.4 49 -16.2; 1148 5.4 48 -16.2; 1149 5.4 47 -16.2;

1150 5.4 46 -16.2; 1151 5.4 45 -16.2; 1152 5.4 44 -16.2; 1153 5.4 43 -16.2;

1154 5.4 42 -16.2; 1155 5.4 41 -16.2; 1156 5.4 40 -16.2; 1157 5.4 39 -16.2;

1158 5.4 38 -16.2; 1159 5.4 37 -16.2; 1160 5.4 36 -16.2; 1161 5.4 35 -16.2;

1162 5.4 34 -16.2; 1163 5.4 33 -16.2; 1164 5.4 32 -16.2; 1165 5.4 31 -16.2;

1166 5.4 30 -16.2; 1167 5.4 29 -16.2; 1168 5.4 28 -16.2; 1169 5.4 27 -16.2;

1170 5.4 26 -16.2; 1171 5.4 25 -16.2; 1172 5.4 24 -16.2; 1173 5.4 23 -16.2;

81
1174 5.4 22 -16.2; 1175 5.4 21 -16.2; 1176 5.4 20 -16.2; 1177 5.4 19 -16.2;

1178 5.4 18 -16.2; 1179 5.4 17 -16.2; 1180 5.4 16 -16.2; 1181 5.4 15 -16.2;

1182 0 55 -10.8; 1183 0 54 -10.8; 1184 0 53 -10.8; 1185 0 52 -10.8;

1186 0 51 -10.8; 1187 0 50 -10.8; 1188 0 49 -10.8; 1189 0 48 -10.8;

1190 0 47 -10.8; 1191 0 46 -10.8; 1192 0 45 -10.8; 1193 0 44 -10.8;

1194 0 43 -10.8; 1195 0 42 -10.8; 1196 0 41 -10.8; 1197 0 40 -10.8;

1198 0 39 -10.8; 1199 0 38 -10.8; 1200 0 37 -10.8; 1201 0 36 -10.8;

1202 0 35 -10.8; 1203 0 34 -10.8; 1204 0 33 -10.8; 1205 0 32 -10.8;

1206 0 31 -10.8; 1207 0 30 -10.8; 1208 0 29 -10.8; 1209 0 28 -10.8;

1210 0 27 -10.8; 1211 0 26 -10.8; 1212 0 25 -10.8; 1213 0 24 -10.8;

1214 0 23 -10.8; 1215 0 22 -10.8; 1216 0 21 -10.8; 1217 0 20 -10.8;

1218 0 19 -10.8; 1219 0 18 -10.8; 1220 0 17 -10.8; 1221 0 16 -10.8;

1222 0 15 -10.8; 1223 5.4 55 -10.8; 1224 5.4 54 -10.8; 1225 5.4 53 -10.8;

1226 5.4 52 -10.8; 1227 5.4 51 -10.8; 1228 5.4 50 -10.8; 1229 5.4 49 -10.8;

1230 5.4 48 -10.8; 1231 5.4 47 -10.8; 1232 5.4 46 -10.8; 1233 5.4 45 -10.8;

1234 5.4 44 -10.8; 1235 5.4 43 -10.8; 1236 5.4 42 -10.8; 1237 5.4 41 -10.8;

1238 5.4 40 -10.8; 1239 5.4 39 -10.8; 1240 5.4 38 -10.8; 1241 5.4 37 -10.8;

1242 5.4 36 -10.8; 1243 5.4 35 -10.8; 1244 5.4 34 -10.8; 1245 5.4 33 -10.8;

1246 5.4 32 -10.8; 1247 5.4 31 -10.8; 1248 5.4 30 -10.8; 1249 5.4 29 -10.8;

1250 5.4 28 -10.8; 1251 5.4 27 -10.8; 1252 5.4 26 -10.8; 1253 5.4 25 -10.8;

1254 5.4 24 -10.8; 1255 5.4 23 -10.8; 1256 5.4 22 -10.8; 1257 5.4 21 -10.8;

1258 5.4 20 -10.8; 1259 5.4 19 -10.8; 1260 5.4 18 -10.8; 1261 5.4 17 -10.8;

1262 5.4 16 -10.8; 1263 5.4 15 -10.8; 1264 0 55 -5.4; 1265 0 54 -5.4;

1266 0 53 -5.4; 1267 0 52 -5.4; 1268 0 51 -5.4; 1269 0 50 -5.4; 1270 0 49 -5.4;

1271 0 48 -5.4; 1272 0 47 -5.4; 1273 0 46 -5.4; 1274 0 45 -5.4; 1275 0 44 -5.4;

1276 0 43 -5.4; 1277 0 42 -5.4; 1278 0 41 -5.4; 1279 0 40 -5.4; 1280 0 39 -5.4;

1281 0 38 -5.4; 1282 0 37 -5.4; 1283 0 36 -5.4; 1284 0 35 -5.4; 1285 0 34 -5.4;

1286 0 33 -5.4; 1287 0 32 -5.4; 1288 0 31 -5.4; 1289 0 30 -5.4; 1290 0 29 -5.4;

1291 0 28 -5.4; 1292 0 27 -5.4; 1293 0 26 -5.4; 1294 0 25 -5.4; 1295 0 24 -5.4;

1296 0 23 -5.4; 1297 0 22 -5.4; 1298 0 21 -5.4; 1299 0 20 -5.4; 1300 0 19 -5.4;

82
1301 0 18 -5.4; 1302 0 17 -5.4; 1303 0 16 -5.4; 1304 0 15 -5.4;

1305 5.4 55 -5.4; 1306 5.4 54 -5.4; 1307 5.4 53 -5.4; 1308 5.4 52 -5.4;

1309 5.4 51 -5.4; 1310 5.4 50 -5.4; 1311 5.4 49 -5.4; 1312 5.4 48 -5.4;

1313 5.4 47 -5.4; 1314 5.4 46 -5.4; 1315 5.4 45 -5.4; 1316 5.4 44 -5.4;

1317 5.4 43 -5.4; 1318 5.4 42 -5.4; 1319 5.4 41 -5.4; 1320 5.4 40 -5.4;

1321 5.4 39 -5.4; 1322 5.4 38 -5.4; 1323 5.4 37 -5.4; 1324 5.4 36 -5.4;

1325 5.4 35 -5.4; 1326 5.4 34 -5.4; 1327 5.4 33 -5.4; 1328 5.4 32 -5.4;

1329 5.4 31 -5.4; 1330 5.4 30 -5.4; 1331 5.4 29 -5.4; 1332 5.4 28 -5.4;

1333 5.4 27 -5.4; 1334 5.4 26 -5.4; 1335 5.4 25 -5.4; 1336 5.4 24 -5.4;

1337 5.4 23 -5.4; 1338 5.4 22 -5.4; 1339 5.4 21 -5.4; 1340 5.4 20 -5.4;

1341 5.4 19 -5.4; 1342 5.4 18 -5.4; 1343 5.4 17 -5.4; 1344 5.4 16 -5.4;

1345 5.4 15 -5.4;

MEMBER INCIDENCES

409 409 425; 410 410 413; 418 413 411; 420 418 1100; 428 418 409; 429 409 422;

430 417 410; 431 410 421; 432 416 411; 433 411 420; 436 422 427; 437 421 423;

439 418 428; 440 417 424; 442 423 420; 443 413 423; 444 424 416; 445 413 424;

446 425 410; 448 427 421; 449 425 427; 450 428 417; 451 425 428; 452 429 410;

1100 1100 1101; 1101 1101 1102; 1102 1102 1103; 1103 1103 1104; 1104 1104 1105;

1105 1105 1106; 1106 1106 1107; 1107 1107 1108; 1108 1108 1109; 1109 1109 1110;

1110 1110 1111; 1111 1111 1112; 1112 1112 1113; 1113 1113 1114; 1114 1114 1115;

1115 1115 1116; 1116 1116 1117; 1117 1117 1118; 1118 1118 1119; 1119 1119 1120;

1120 1120 1121; 1121 1121 1122; 1122 1122 1123; 1123 1123 1124; 1124 1124 1125;

1125 1125 1126; 1126 1126 1127; 1127 1127 1128; 1128 1128 1129; 1129 1129 1130;

1130 1130 1131; 1131 1131 1132; 1132 1132 1133; 1133 1133 1134; 1134 1134 1135;

1135 1135 1136; 1136 1136 1137; 1137 1137 1138; 1138 1138 1139; 1139 1139 1140;

1140 422 1141; 1141 1141 1142; 1142 1142 1143; 1143 1143 1144; 1144 1144 1145;

1145 1145 1146; 1146 1146 1147; 1147 1147 1148; 1148 1148 1149; 1149 1149 1150;

1150 1150 1151; 1151 1151 1152; 1152 1152 1153; 1153 1153 1154; 1154 1154 1155;

1155 1155 1156; 1156 1156 1157; 1157 1157 1158; 1158 1158 1159; 1159 1159 1160;

1160 1160 1161; 1161 1161 1162; 1162 1162 1163; 1163 1163 1164; 1164 1164 1165;

83
1165 1165 1166; 1166 1166 1167; 1167 1167 1168; 1168 1168 1169; 1169 1169 1170;

1170 1170 1171; 1171 1171 1172; 1172 1172 1173; 1173 1173 1174; 1174 1174 1175;

1175 1175 1176; 1176 1176 1177; 1177 1177 1178; 1178 1178 1179; 1179 1179 1180;

1180 1180 1181; 1181 417 1182; 1182 1182 1183; 1183 1183 1184; 1184 1184 1185;

1185 1185 1186; 1186 1186 1187; 1187 1187 1188; 1188 1188 1189; 1189 1189 1190;

1190 1190 1191; 1191 1191 1192; 1192 1192 1193; 1193 1193 1194; 1194 1194 1195;

1195 1195 1196; 1196 1196 1197; 1197 1197 1198; 1198 1198 1199; 1199 1199 1200;

1200 1200 1201; 1201 1201 1202; 1202 1202 1203; 1203 1203 1204; 1204 1204 1205;

1205 1205 1206; 1206 1206 1207; 1207 1207 1208; 1208 1208 1209; 1209 1209 1210;

1210 1210 1211; 1211 1211 1212; 1212 1212 1213; 1213 1213 1214; 1214 1214 1215;

1215 1215 1216; 1216 1216 1217; 1217 1217 1218; 1218 1218 1219; 1219 1219 1220;

1220 1220 1221; 1221 1221 1222; 1222 421 1223; 1223 1223 1224; 1224 1224 1225;

1225 1225 1226; 1226 1226 1227; 1227 1227 1228; 1228 1228 1229; 1229 1229 1230;

1230 1230 1231; 1231 1231 1232; 1232 1232 1233; 1233 1233 1234; 1234 1234 1235;

1235 1235 1236; 1236 1236 1237; 1237 1237 1238; 1238 1238 1239; 1239 1239 1240;

1240 1240 1241; 1241 1241 1242; 1242 1242 1243; 1243 1243 1244; 1244 1244 1245;

1245 1245 1246; 1246 1246 1247; 1247 1247 1248; 1248 1248 1249; 1249 1249 1250;

1250 1250 1251; 1251 1251 1252; 1252 1252 1253; 1253 1253 1254; 1254 1254 1255;

1255 1255 1256; 1256 1256 1257; 1257 1257 1258; 1258 1258 1259; 1259 1259 1260;

1260 1260 1261; 1261 1261 1262; 1262 1262 1263; 1263 416 1264; 1264 1264 1265;

1265 1265 1266; 1266 1266 1267; 1267 1267 1268; 1268 1268 1269; 1269 1269 1270;

1270 1270 1271; 1271 1271 1272; 1272 1272 1273; 1273 1273 1274; 1274 1274 1275;

1275 1275 1276; 1276 1276 1277; 1277 1277 1278; 1278 1278 1279; 1279 1279 1280;

1280 1280 1281; 1281 1281 1282; 1282 1282 1283; 1283 1283 1284; 1284 1284 1285;

1285 1285 1286; 1286 1286 1287; 1287 1287 1288; 1288 1288 1289; 1289 1289 1290;

1290 1290 1291; 1291 1291 1292; 1292 1292 1293; 1293 1293 1294; 1294 1294 1295;

1295 1295 1296; 1296 1296 1297; 1297 1297 1298; 1298 1298 1299; 1299 1299 1300;

1300 1300 1301; 1301 1301 1302; 1302 1302 1303; 1303 1303 1304; 1304 420 1305;

1305 1305 1306; 1306 1306 1307; 1307 1307 1308; 1308 1308 1309; 1309 1309 1310;

1310 1310 1311; 1311 1311 1312; 1312 1312 1313; 1313 1313 1314; 1314 1314 1315;

84
1315 1315 1316; 1316 1316 1317; 1317 1317 1318; 1318 1318 1319; 1319 1319 1320;

1320 1320 1321; 1321 1321 1322; 1322 1322 1323; 1323 1323 1324; 1324 1324 1325;

1325 1325 1326; 1326 1326 1327; 1327 1327 1328; 1328 1328 1329; 1329 1329 1330;

1330 1330 1331; 1331 1331 1332; 1332 1332 1333; 1333 1333 1334; 1334 1334 1335;

1335 1335 1336; 1336 1336 1337; 1337 1337 1338; 1338 1338 1339; 1339 1339 1340;

1340 1340 1341; 1341 1341 1342; 1342 1342 1343; 1343 1343 1344; 1344 1344 1345;

DEFINE MATERIAL START

ISOTROPIC M45

E 3.315e+006

POISSON 0.17

DENSITY 2.55

ALPHA 1e-005

DAMP 0.05

ISOTROPIC M35

E 3.315e+006

POISSON 0.17

DENSITY 2.55

ALPHA 1e-005

DAMP 0.05

END DEFINE MATERIAL

MEMBER PROPERTY AMERICAN

420 1100 TO 1344 PRIS YD 1.8

409 410 418 446 PRIS YD 2.7 ZD 2.7

430 431 443 445 449 451 PRIS YD 2.7 ZD 2.7

452 PRIS YD 7.7 ZD 13.1

436 437 439 440 442 444 448 450 PRIS YD 2.7 ZD 1.6

428 429 432 433 PRIS YD 2.7 ZD 1.6

CONSTANTS

MATERIAL M45 MEMB 420 1100 TO 1344

MATERIAL M35 MEMB 409 410 418 428 TO 433 436 437 439 440 442 TO 446 448 TO 452

85
SUPPORTS

**NON SEISMIC CONDITION

*1119 TO 1139 1160 TO 1180 FIXED BUT FY MX MY MZ KFX 280 KFZ 280

*1140 1181 FIXED BUT MX MY MZ KFX 140 KFZ 140

*1118 1159 FIXED BUT FY MX MY MZ KFX 140 KFZ 140

*1201 TO 1221 1242 TO 1262 FIXED BUT FY MX MY MZ KFX 400 KFZ 400

*1222 1263 FIXED BUT MX MY MZ KFX 200 KFZ 200

*1200 1241 FIXED BUT FY MX MY MZ KFX 200 KFZ 200

*1283 TO 1303 1324 TO 1344 FIXED BUT FY MX MY MZ KFX 560 KFZ 560

*1304 1345 FIXED BUT MX MY MZ KFX 280 KFZ 280

*1282 1323 FIXED BUT FY MX MY MZ KFX 280 KFZ 280

** SEISMIC CONDITION(3.5 TIMES)

1119 TO 1139 1160 TO 1180 FIXED BUT FY MX MY MZ KFX 980 KFZ 980

1140 1181 FIXED BUT MX MY MZ KFX 490 KFZ 490

1118 1159 FIXED BUT FY MX MY MZ KFX 490 KFZ 490

1201 TO 1221 1242 TO 1262 FIXED BUT FY MX MY MZ KFX 1400 KFZ 1400

1222 1263 FIXED BUT MX MY MZ KFX 700 KFZ 700

1200 1241 FIXED BUT FY MX MY MZ KFX 700 KFZ 700

1283 TO 1303 1324 TO 1344 FIXED BUT FY MX MY MZ KFX 1960 KFZ 1960

1304 1345 FIXED BUT MX MY MZ KFX 980 KFZ 980

1282 1323 FIXED BUT FY MX MY MZ KFX 980 KFZ 980

LOAD 1 LONG DIR LOAD

JOINT LOAD

429 FX 6

LOAD 2 TRANSVERSE DIR LOAD

JOINT LOAD

429 FZ 6

LOAD 3

*****WATER CURRENT FORCES

MEMBER LOAD

86
1100 1141 1182 1223 1264 1305 TRAP GZ 1.98 1.87

1101 1142 1183 1224 1265 1306 TRAP GZ 1.87 1.76

1102 1143 1184 1225 1266 1307 TRAP GZ 1.76 1.64

1103 1144 1185 1226 1267 1308 TRAP GZ 1.64 1.53

1104 1145 1186 1227 1268 1309 TRAP GZ 1.53 1.42

1105 1146 1187 1228 1269 1310 TRAP GZ 1.42 1.31

1106 1147 1188 1229 1270 1311 TRAP GZ 1.31 1.2

1107 1148 1189 1230 1271 1312 TRAP GZ 1.2 1.09

1108 1149 1190 1231 1272 1313 TRAP GZ 1.09 0.97

1109 1150 1191 1232 1273 1314 TRAP GZ 0.97 0.86

1110 1151 1192 1233 1274 1315 TRAP GZ 0.86 0.75

1111 1152 1193 1234 1275 1316 TRAP GZ 0.75 0.64

1112 1153 1194 1235 1276 1317 TRAP GZ 0.64 0.53

1113 1154 1195 1236 1277 1318 TRAP GZ 0.53 0.41

1114 1155 1196 1237 1278 1319 TRAP GZ 0.41 0.3

1115 1156 1197 1238 1279 1320 TRAP GZ 0.3 0.19

1116 1157 1198 1239 1280 1321 TRAP GZ 0.19 0.08

1117 1158 1199 1240 1281 1322 TRAP GZ 0.08 0

LOAD 4 VERTICAL LOAD

JOINT LOAD

429 FY -100

LOAD 5 TRANSVERSE MOMENT

JOINT LOAD

429 MX 100

LOAD 6 LONGITUDINAL MOMENT

JOINT LOAD

429 MZ 100

PERFORM ANALYSIS

FINISH

87
DEFLECTION CHECK.std
*** STAAD FILE FOR DEFLECTION CHECK AT MSL LEVEL
STAAD SPACE
START JOB INFORMATION
ENGINEER DATE 31-Dec-17
END JOB INFORMATION
INPUT WIDTH 79
UNIT METER MTON
JOINT COORDINATES
409 2.7 56.35 -16.2; 410 2.7 56.35 -10.8; 411 2.7 56.35 -5.4;
413 2.7 56.35 -8.1; 416 0 56.35 -5.4; 417 0 56.35 -10.8; 418 0 56.35 -16.2;
420 5.4 56.35 -5.4; 421 5.4 56.35 -10.8; 422 5.4 56.35 -16.2;
423 5.4 56.35 -8.1; 424 0 56.35 -8.1; 425 2.7 56.35 -13.5; 427 5.4 56.35 -13.5;
428 0 56.35 -13.5; 429 2.7 56.45 -10.8; 1100 0 55 -16.2; 1101 0 54 -16.2;
1102 0 53 -16.2; 1103 0 52 -16.2; 1104 0 51 -16.2; 1105 0 50 -16.2;
1106 0 49 -16.2; 1107 0 48 -16.2; 1108 0 47 -16.2; 1109 0 46 -16.2;
1110 0 45 -16.2; 1111 0 44 -16.2; 1112 0 43 -16.2; 1113 0 42 -16.2;
1114 0 41 -16.2; 1115 0 40 -16.2; 1116 0 39 -16.2; 1117 0 38 -16.2;
1118 0 37 -16.2; 1119 0 36 -16.2; 1120 0 35 -16.2; 1121 0 34 -16.2;
1122 0 33 -16.2; 1123 0 32 -16.2; 1124 0 31 -16.2; 1125 0 30 -16.2;
1126 0 29 -16.2; 1127 0 28 -16.2; 1128 0 27 -16.2; 1129 0 26 -16.2;
1130 0 25 -16.2; 1131 0 24 -16.2; 1132 0 23 -16.2; 1133 0 22 -16.2;
1134 0 21 -16.2; 1135 0 20 -16.2; 1136 0 19 -16.2; 1137 0 18 -16.2;
1138 0 17 -16.2; 1139 0 16 -16.2; 1140 0 15 -16.2; 1141 5.4 55 -16.2;
1142 5.4 54 -16.2; 1143 5.4 53 -16.2; 1144 5.4 52 -16.2; 1145 5.4 51 -16.2;
1146 5.4 50 -16.2; 1147 5.4 49 -16.2; 1148 5.4 48 -16.2; 1149 5.4 47 -16.2;
1150 5.4 46 -16.2; 1151 5.4 45 -16.2; 1152 5.4 44 -16.2; 1153 5.4 43 -16.2;
1154 5.4 42 -16.2; 1155 5.4 41 -16.2; 1156 5.4 40 -16.2; 1157 5.4 39 -16.2;
1158 5.4 38 -16.2; 1159 5.4 37 -16.2; 1160 5.4 36 -16.2; 1161 5.4 35 -16.2;
1162 5.4 34 -16.2; 1163 5.4 33 -16.2; 1164 5.4 32 -16.2; 1165 5.4 31 -16.2;
1166 5.4 30 -16.2; 1167 5.4 29 -16.2; 1168 5.4 28 -16.2; 1169 5.4 27 -16.2;
1170 5.4 26 -16.2; 1171 5.4 25 -16.2; 1172 5.4 24 -16.2; 1173 5.4 23 -16.2;
1174 5.4 22 -16.2; 1175 5.4 21 -16.2; 1176 5.4 20 -16.2; 1177 5.4 19 -16.2;
1178 5.4 18 -16.2; 1179 5.4 17 -16.2; 1180 5.4 16 -16.2; 1181 5.4 15 -16.2;
1182 0 55 -10.8; 1183 0 54 -10.8; 1184 0 53 -10.8; 1185 0 52 -10.8;
1186 0 51 -10.8; 1187 0 50 -10.8; 1188 0 49 -10.8; 1189 0 48 -10.8;
1190 0 47 -10.8; 1191 0 46 -10.8; 1192 0 45 -10.8; 1193 0 44 -10.8;
1194 0 43 -10.8; 1195 0 42 -10.8; 1196 0 41 -10.8; 1197 0 40 -10.8;
1198 0 39 -10.8; 1199 0 38 -10.8; 1200 0 37 -10.8; 1201 0 36 -10.8;
1202 0 35 -10.8; 1203 0 34 -10.8; 1204 0 33 -10.8; 1205 0 32 -10.8;
1206 0 31 -10.8; 1207 0 30 -10.8; 1208 0 29 -10.8; 1209 0 28 -10.8;
1210 0 27 -10.8; 1211 0 26 -10.8; 1212 0 25 -10.8; 1213 0 24 -10.8;
1214 0 23 -10.8; 1215 0 22 -10.8; 1216 0 21 -10.8; 1217 0 20 -10.8;
1218 0 19 -10.8; 1219 0 18 -10.8; 1220 0 17 -10.8; 1221 0 16 -10.8;
1222 0 15 -10.8; 1223 5.4 55 -10.8; 1224 5.4 54 -10.8; 1225 5.4 53 -10.8;
1226 5.4 52 -10.8; 1227 5.4 51 -10.8; 1228 5.4 50 -10.8; 1229 5.4 49 -10.8;
1230 5.4 48 -10.8; 1231 5.4 47 -10.8; 1232 5.4 46 -10.8; 1233 5.4 45 -10.8;
1234 5.4 44 -10.8; 1235 5.4 43 -10.8; 1236 5.4 42 -10.8; 1237 5.4 41 -10.8;
1238 5.4 40 -10.8; 1239 5.4 39 -10.8; 1240 5.4 38 -10.8; 1241 5.4 37 -10.8;
1242 5.4 36 -10.8; 1243 5.4 35 -10.8; 1244 5.4 34 -10.8; 1245 5.4 33 -10.8;
1246 5.4 32 -10.8; 1247 5.4 31 -10.8; 1248 5.4 30 -10.8; 1249 5.4 29 -10.8;
Page 1

88
DEFLECTION CHECK.std
1250 5.4 28 -10.8; 1251 5.4 27 -10.8; 1252 5.4 26 -10.8; 1253 5.4 25 -10.8;
1254 5.4 24 -10.8; 1255 5.4 23 -10.8; 1256 5.4 22 -10.8; 1257 5.4 21 -10.8;
1258 5.4 20 -10.8; 1259 5.4 19 -10.8; 1260 5.4 18 -10.8; 1261 5.4 17 -10.8;
1262 5.4 16 -10.8; 1263 5.4 15 -10.8; 1264 0 55 -5.4; 1265 0 54 -5.4;
1266 0 53 -5.4; 1267 0 52 -5.4; 1268 0 51 -5.4; 1269 0 50 -5.4; 1270 0 49 -5.4;
1271 0 48 -5.4; 1272 0 47 -5.4; 1273 0 46 -5.4; 1274 0 45 -5.4; 1275 0 44 -5.4;
1276 0 43 -5.4; 1277 0 42 -5.4; 1278 0 41 -5.4; 1279 0 40 -5.4; 1280 0 39 -5.4;
1281 0 38 -5.4; 1282 0 37 -5.4; 1283 0 36 -5.4; 1284 0 35 -5.4; 1285 0 34 -5.4;
1286 0 33 -5.4; 1287 0 32 -5.4; 1288 0 31 -5.4; 1289 0 30 -5.4; 1290 0 29 -5.4;
1291 0 28 -5.4; 1292 0 27 -5.4; 1293 0 26 -5.4; 1294 0 25 -5.4; 1295 0 24 -5.4;
1296 0 23 -5.4; 1297 0 22 -5.4; 1298 0 21 -5.4; 1299 0 20 -5.4; 1300 0 19 -5.4;
1301 0 18 -5.4; 1302 0 17 -5.4; 1303 0 16 -5.4; 1304 0 15 -5.4;
1305 5.4 55 -5.4; 1306 5.4 54 -5.4; 1307 5.4 53 -5.4; 1308 5.4 52 -5.4;
1309 5.4 51 -5.4; 1310 5.4 50 -5.4; 1311 5.4 49 -5.4; 1312 5.4 48 -5.4;
1313 5.4 47 -5.4; 1314 5.4 46 -5.4; 1315 5.4 45 -5.4; 1316 5.4 44 -5.4;
1317 5.4 43 -5.4; 1318 5.4 42 -5.4; 1319 5.4 41 -5.4; 1320 5.4 40 -5.4;
1321 5.4 39 -5.4; 1322 5.4 38 -5.4; 1323 5.4 37 -5.4; 1324 5.4 36 -5.4;
1325 5.4 35 -5.4; 1326 5.4 34 -5.4; 1327 5.4 33 -5.4; 1328 5.4 32 -5.4;
1329 5.4 31 -5.4; 1330 5.4 30 -5.4; 1331 5.4 29 -5.4; 1332 5.4 28 -5.4;
1333 5.4 27 -5.4; 1334 5.4 26 -5.4; 1335 5.4 25 -5.4; 1336 5.4 24 -5.4;
1337 5.4 23 -5.4; 1338 5.4 22 -5.4; 1339 5.4 21 -5.4; 1340 5.4 20 -5.4;
1341 5.4 19 -5.4; 1342 5.4 18 -5.4; 1343 5.4 17 -5.4; 1344 5.4 16 -5.4;
1345 5.4 15 -5.4;
MEMBER INCIDENCES
409 409 425; 410 410 413; 418 413 411; 420 418 1100; 428 418 409; 429 409 422;
430 417 410; 431 410 421; 432 416 411; 433 411 420; 436 422 427; 437 421 423;
439 418 428; 440 417 424; 442 423 420; 443 413 423; 444 424 416; 445 413 424;
446 425 410; 448 427 421; 449 425 427; 450 428 417; 451 425 428; 452 429 410;
1100 1100 1101; 1101 1101 1102; 1102 1102 1103; 1103 1103 1104; 1104 1104 1105;
1105 1105 1106; 1106 1106 1107; 1107 1107 1108; 1108 1108 1109; 1109 1109 1110;
1110 1110 1111; 1111 1111 1112; 1112 1112 1113; 1113 1113 1114; 1114 1114 1115;
1115 1115 1116; 1116 1116 1117; 1117 1117 1118; 1118 1118 1119; 1119 1119 1120;
1120 1120 1121; 1121 1121 1122; 1122 1122 1123; 1123 1123 1124; 1124 1124 1125;
1125 1125 1126; 1126 1126 1127; 1127 1127 1128; 1128 1128 1129; 1129 1129 1130;
1130 1130 1131; 1131 1131 1132; 1132 1132 1133; 1133 1133 1134; 1134 1134 1135;
1135 1135 1136; 1136 1136 1137; 1137 1137 1138; 1138 1138 1139; 1139 1139 1140;
1140 422 1141; 1141 1141 1142; 1142 1142 1143; 1143 1143 1144; 1144 1144 1145;
1145 1145 1146; 1146 1146 1147; 1147 1147 1148; 1148 1148 1149; 1149 1149 1150;
1150 1150 1151; 1151 1151 1152; 1152 1152 1153; 1153 1153 1154; 1154 1154 1155;
1155 1155 1156; 1156 1156 1157; 1157 1157 1158; 1158 1158 1159; 1159 1159 1160;
1160 1160 1161; 1161 1161 1162; 1162 1162 1163; 1163 1163 1164; 1164 1164 1165;
1165 1165 1166; 1166 1166 1167; 1167 1167 1168; 1168 1168 1169; 1169 1169 1170;
1170 1170 1171; 1171 1171 1172; 1172 1172 1173; 1173 1173 1174; 1174 1174 1175;
1175 1175 1176; 1176 1176 1177; 1177 1177 1178; 1178 1178 1179; 1179 1179 1180;
1180 1180 1181; 1181 417 1182; 1182 1182 1183; 1183 1183 1184; 1184 1184 1185;
1185 1185 1186; 1186 1186 1187; 1187 1187 1188; 1188 1188 1189; 1189 1189 1190;
1190 1190 1191; 1191 1191 1192; 1192 1192 1193; 1193 1193 1194; 1194 1194 1195;
1195 1195 1196; 1196 1196 1197; 1197 1197 1198; 1198 1198 1199; 1199 1199 1200;
1200 1200 1201; 1201 1201 1202; 1202 1202 1203; 1203 1203 1204; 1204 1204 1205;
1205 1205 1206; 1206 1206 1207; 1207 1207 1208; 1208 1208 1209; 1209 1209 1210;
Page 2

89
DEFLECTION CHECK.std
1210 1210 1211; 1211 1211 1212; 1212 1212 1213; 1213 1213 1214; 1214 1214 1215;
1215 1215 1216; 1216 1216 1217; 1217 1217 1218; 1218 1218 1219; 1219 1219 1220;
1220 1220 1221; 1221 1221 1222; 1222 421 1223; 1223 1223 1224; 1224 1224 1225;
1225 1225 1226; 1226 1226 1227; 1227 1227 1228; 1228 1228 1229; 1229 1229 1230;
1230 1230 1231; 1231 1231 1232; 1232 1232 1233; 1233 1233 1234; 1234 1234 1235;
1235 1235 1236; 1236 1236 1237; 1237 1237 1238; 1238 1238 1239; 1239 1239 1240;
1240 1240 1241; 1241 1241 1242; 1242 1242 1243; 1243 1243 1244; 1244 1244 1245;
1245 1245 1246; 1246 1246 1247; 1247 1247 1248; 1248 1248 1249; 1249 1249 1250;
1250 1250 1251; 1251 1251 1252; 1252 1252 1253; 1253 1253 1254; 1254 1254 1255;
1255 1255 1256; 1256 1256 1257; 1257 1257 1258; 1258 1258 1259; 1259 1259 1260;
1260 1260 1261; 1261 1261 1262; 1262 1262 1263; 1263 416 1264; 1264 1264 1265;
1265 1265 1266; 1266 1266 1267; 1267 1267 1268; 1268 1268 1269; 1269 1269 1270;
1270 1270 1271; 1271 1271 1272; 1272 1272 1273; 1273 1273 1274; 1274 1274 1275;
1275 1275 1276; 1276 1276 1277; 1277 1277 1278; 1278 1278 1279; 1279 1279 1280;
1280 1280 1281; 1281 1281 1282; 1282 1282 1283; 1283 1283 1284; 1284 1284 1285;
1285 1285 1286; 1286 1286 1287; 1287 1287 1288; 1288 1288 1289; 1289 1289 1290;
1290 1290 1291; 1291 1291 1292; 1292 1292 1293; 1293 1293 1294; 1294 1294 1295;
1295 1295 1296; 1296 1296 1297; 1297 1297 1298; 1298 1298 1299; 1299 1299 1300;
1300 1300 1301; 1301 1301 1302; 1302 1302 1303; 1303 1303 1304; 1304 420 1305;
1305 1305 1306; 1306 1306 1307; 1307 1307 1308; 1308 1308 1309; 1309 1309 1310;
1310 1310 1311; 1311 1311 1312; 1312 1312 1313; 1313 1313 1314; 1314 1314 1315;
1315 1315 1316; 1316 1316 1317; 1317 1317 1318; 1318 1318 1319; 1319 1319 1320;
1320 1320 1321; 1321 1321 1322; 1322 1322 1323; 1323 1323 1324; 1324 1324 1325;
1325 1325 1326; 1326 1326 1327; 1327 1327 1328; 1328 1328 1329; 1329 1329 1330;
1330 1330 1331; 1331 1331 1332; 1332 1332 1333; 1333 1333 1334; 1334 1334 1335;
1335 1335 1336; 1336 1336 1337; 1337 1337 1338; 1338 1338 1339; 1339 1339 1340;
1340 1340 1341; 1341 1341 1342; 1342 1342 1343; 1343 1343 1344; 1344 1344 1345;
DEFINE MATERIAL START
ISOTROPIC M40
E 3.162e+006
POISSON 0.17
DENSITY 2.55
ALPHA 1e-005
DAMP 0.05
ISOTROPIC M40
E 3.162e+006
POISSON 0.17
DENSITY 2.55
ALPHA 1e-005
DAMP 0.05
END DEFINE MATERIAL
MEMBER PROPERTY AMERICAN
420 1100 TO 1344 PRIS YD 1.8
409 410 418 446 PRIS YD 2.7 ZD 2.7
430 431 443 445 449 451 PRIS YD 2.7 ZD 2.7
452 PRIS YD 7.7 ZD 13.1
436 437 439 440 442 444 448 450 PRIS YD 2.7 ZD 1.6
428 429 432 433 PRIS YD 2.7 ZD 1.6
CONSTANTS
MATERIAL M40 MEMB 420 1100 TO 1344
Page 3

90
DEFLECTION CHECK.std
MATERIAL M40 MEMB 409 410 418 428 TO 433 436 437 439 440 442 TO 446 448 TO 452
SUPPORTS
**NON SEISMIC CONDITION
1119 TO 1139 1160 TO 1180 FIXED BUT FY MX MY MZ KFX 800 KFZ 800
1140 1181 FIXED BUT MX MY MZ KFX 400 KFZ 400
1118 1159 FIXED BUT FY MX MY MZ KFX 400 KFZ 400
1201 TO 1221 1242 TO 1262 FIXED BUT FY MX MY MZ KFX 800 KFZ 800
1222 1263 FIXED BUT MX MY MZ KFX 400 KFZ 400
1200 1241 FIXED BUT FY MX MY MZ KFX 400 KFZ 400
1283 TO 1303 1324 TO 1344 FIXED BUT FY MX MY MZ KFX 800 KFZ 800
1304 1345 FIXED BUT MX MY MZ KFX 400 KFZ 400
1282 1323 FIXED BUT FY MX MY MZ KFX 400 KFZ 400
LOAD 1 LONG DIR LOAD
JOINT LOAD
429 FX 75
429 FZ 76.5
LOAD 3 WATER CURRENT TRANS
*****WATER CURRENT FORCES TRANS DIR
MEMBER LOAD
1100 1141 1182 1223 1264 1305 TRAP GZ 1.98 1.87
1101 1142 1183 1224 1265 1306 TRAP GZ 1.87 1.76
1102 1143 1184 1225 1266 1307 TRAP GZ 1.76 1.64
1103 1144 1185 1226 1267 1308 TRAP GZ 1.64 1.53
1104 1145 1186 1227 1268 1309 TRAP GZ 1.53 1.42
1105 1146 1187 1228 1269 1310 TRAP GZ 1.42 1.31
1106 1147 1188 1229 1270 1311 TRAP GZ 1.31 1.2
1107 1148 1189 1230 1271 1312 TRAP GZ 1.2 1.09
1108 1149 1190 1231 1272 1313 TRAP GZ 1.09 0.97
1109 1150 1191 1232 1273 1314 TRAP GZ 0.97 0.86
1110 1151 1192 1233 1274 1315 TRAP GZ 0.86 0.75
1111 1152 1193 1234 1275 1316 TRAP GZ 0.75 0.64
1112 1153 1194 1235 1276 1317 TRAP GZ 0.64 0.53
1113 1154 1195 1236 1277 1318 TRAP GZ 0.53 0.41
1114 1155 1196 1237 1278 1319 TRAP GZ 0.41 0.3
1115 1156 1197 1238 1279 1320 TRAP GZ 0.3 0.19
1116 1157 1198 1239 1280 1321 TRAP GZ 0.19 0.08
1117 1158 1199 1240 1281 1322 TRAP GZ 0.08 0
LOAD 4 WATER CURRENT LONGITUDINAL
*****WATER CURRENT FORCES LONG DIR
MEMBER LOAD
1100 1141 1182 1223 1264 1305 TRAP GX 1.98 1.87
1101 1142 1183 1224 1265 1306 TRAP GX 1.87 1.76
1102 1143 1184 1225 1266 1307 TRAP GX 1.76 1.64
1103 1144 1185 1226 1267 1308 TRAP GX 1.64 1.53
1104 1145 1186 1227 1268 1309 TRAP GX 1.53 1.42
1105 1146 1187 1228 1269 1310 TRAP GX 1.42 1.31
1106 1147 1188 1229 1270 1311 TRAP GX 1.31 1.2
1107 1148 1189 1230 1271 1312 TRAP GX 1.2 1.09
1108 1149 1190 1231 1272 1313 TRAP GX 1.09 0.97
1109 1150 1191 1232 1273 1314 TRAP GX 0.97 0.86
Page 4

91
DEFLECTION CHECK.std
1110 1151 1192 1233 1274 1315 TRAP GX 0.86 0.75
1111 1152 1193 1234 1275 1316 TRAP GX 0.75 0.64
1112 1153 1194 1235 1276 1317 TRAP GX 0.64 0.53
1113 1154 1195 1236 1277 1318 TRAP GX 0.53 0.41
1114 1155 1196 1237 1278 1319 TRAP GX 0.41 0.3
1115 1156 1197 1238 1279 1320 TRAP GX 0.3 0.19
1116 1157 1198 1239 1280 1321 TRAP GX 0.19 0.08
1117 1158 1199 1240 1281 1322 TRAP GX 0.08 0
LOAD COMB 100
1 1.0 3 1.0 4 0.35
PERFORM ANALYSIS
FINISH

Page 5

92
Calc. of Stiffness of springs : Non Seismic Case

N k1 (t/m3) K (t/m)

100 7200.0 800.0 SUBMERGED

k1 considered for Hard Soil as per table 4 of IS:2911(Part1/Sec2):2010

For Seismic Case


K (t/m) = 2800 t/m 3.5 times

WITH AASHTO MULTIPLIER FACTOR SOIL STIFFNESS


P-M FACTOR NORMAL SEISMIC
NEXT PILE = 0.35 280 980
NEXT PILE = 0.5 400 1400
LEADING PILE = 0.7 560 1960

As per AASHTO Table 10.7.2.4-1

93
ANNEXURE B

Time Period, T = 2(Deflection)0.5

Time period calculation in Long. Direction

Deflection = WL3/3EI
W = 1050 t
L = 15.701 m (Bearing Level to Pier Bottom)
E = 36000 Mpa (Modulus of Elasticity of Pier)
4
I = 1.438 m (Cracked Moment of Inertia of Pier)

Deflection of pier in Long. Direction


= 0.257 m
Time Period in Long. Direction
= 1.013 sec

Time period calculation in Trans. Direction

W = 1050 t
L = 17.671 m

Deflection of pier in Trans. Direction


= 0.366 m
Time Period in Trans. Direction
= 1 209 sec
1.209

94
PILE CAPACITY CALCULATION

95
Appendix – 1
Calculation of safe load on uniform diameter bored cast in situ pile
The safe load is calculated as follows,
1) Design Stipulations
1. Type of Pile - Bored cast in situ uniform diameter pile
2. Pile diameters Considered - 1.5 and 1.8 m
3. Lengths of pile considered - 41, 43, 45 and 48m below river bed level
4. Cut off level - 1.00 m from bed level
5. Scour Depth - 22m from bed level
6. Factor of Safety - 2.5
7. Depth of Water table - Considered at GL
8. Ref - IS:2911 (Part 1/Sec 2), 2010
2) Test Data
The parameters are based on P 244. For evaluation of safe load following characterized layers are
considered as described in table below,
Depth (m) Cohesion Angle of Bulk / Reduction Earth Angle of SPT N
Kg/cm2 Internal submerged Factor α pressure wall Value
Friction φ Density coefficient friction
gm/cc K φ
γb / γsub

0.00 to 2.10 0.09 ~ 0* 25 1.93 / 0.93 NA 1.5 25 10


2.10 to 13.0 1.13 4 ~ 0* 2.04 / 1.04 0.38 NA 0 22
13.0 to 20.5 0.00 33 2.05 / 1.05 NA 1.5 33 57
20.5 to 24.5 0.10 ~ 0* 32 2.16 / 1.16 NA 1.8 32 100
24.5 to 44.5 3.12 0 2.14 / 1.14 0.28 NA 0 100
44.5 to 55.0 0.00 35 2.17 / 1.17 NA 1.8 35 100

Note:
1) Layers are characterized based on classification and the state of soil.
* - In cohesive soils the contribution of the angle of internal friction being insignificant is ignored. While in partly
cohesive granular soils contribution of the cohesion is ignored. Shear parameters are the most representative for the
layer. NA means not applicable. Characterized N values are considered for each layer.
2) K value may be between 1.5 and 1.8 for bored cast in place piles (IRC 78, 2014).

3) Ultimate Load in Compression


3.1) Ultimate load in Compression by Bearing
Ultimate load on pile in end bearing,
qub = Ap Cu Nc for piles terminating in clayey soil stratum (i.e. up to 44.5m from bed level)
qub = Ap ( 0.5 * γsub * D * Nγ + PD * Nq) for piles between 44.5 and 54m
where,
Ap = Cross section area of Pile stem at toe end = πd2/4
Nγ & Nq = Bearing capacity factor in granular soils = 48 & 48 respectively
Nc = Bearing capacity factor in cohesive soils =9
D = Diameter of pile = d in m
PDi = Effective overburden pressure for ith layer
PD1 = 1.05 * 0.93 = 0.98 T/m2
PD2 = 2.10 * 0.93 + 5.45 * 1.04 = 7.62 T/m2
PD3 = 2.10 * 0.93 + 10.9 * 1.04 + 3.75 * 1.05 = 17.23 T/m2
PD4 = 2.10 * 0.93 + 10.9 * 1.04 + 7.50 * 1.05 + 2.00 * 1.16 = 23.48 T/m2
PD5 = 2.10 * 0.93 + 10.9 * 1.04 + 7.50 * 1.05 + 4.00 * 1.16 + 5.50 * 1.14 = 32.07 T/m2
PDmax = 2.10 * 0.93 + 10.9 * 1.04 + 7.50 * 1.05 + 4.00 * 1.16 + 5.50 * 1.14 = 32.07 T/m2
(Maximum over burden considered up to 30m which is nearly 18 times diameter of pile)

96
qub = Ap Cu Nc for piles terminating in clayey soil stratum (i.e. up to 44.5m from bed level)
= 0.785 d2 * 31.2 * 9 = 220.43 d2

qub = Ap ( 0.5 * γsub * D * Nγ + PDi * Nq) (for piles between 44.5 and 54m)
= 22.05 d3 + 1209.01 d2
3.2) Ultimate Load in Compression by Skin Friction
Ultimate load in skin friction,
quf = α Ca As + K Pdi tan δ Asi, where,
Considering the scour depth of 22m, contribution of top 22m is ignored,
First Layer – No contribution (within scour depth)
Second Layer – No contribution (within scour depth)
Third Layer – No contribution (within scour depth)
Fourth Layer - quf = K Pdi tan δ Asi = 1.8 * 23.48 * tan(32) * π d * 2.5 = 207.42 d
Fifth Layer -
quf = α Ca As = 0.28 * 31.2 * π d * (l – 24.5) = 27.44 d (l – 24.5)
(For termination level less than 44.5m in cohesive soil layer)
quf = α Ca As = 0.28 * 31.2 * π d * 20 = 548.90 d
(For termination level between 44.5 and 54m in cohesion less soil layer)
Sixth Layer - quf = K Pdi tan δ Asi = 1.8 * 32.07 * tan(35) * π d (l – 44.5) = 126.98 d (l – 44.5)
(where, l is the pile length in sixth layer)
Substituting
quf = 207.42 d + 27.44 d (l – 24.5) for piles termination in cohesive soils up to 44.5m from bed level
quf = 207.42 d + 548.90 d + 126.98 d (l – 44.5) for piles terminating in cohesion-less soils below 44.5m

Total ultimate load on pile quc = qub + quf


Substituting various diameters of piles having various lengths, the safe load is worked out considering the
safety factor of 2.5 and are given in table below,
Safe Load on Piles in Compression (in Ton)
Termination level Embedded length Diameter of Piles in m
of pile in m below of pile in m below
river bed level scour depth 1.5 1.8
41 19 594.5 761 Pile terminating in
43 21 627.4 800.5 cohesive soils

45 23 1609.8 2208.6 Pile terminating in


cohesion-less
48 26 1838.3 2482.9 granular soils
3.2) Ultimate Load in Uplift
Considering skin fiction for determination of uplift
Safe Load on Piles in Uplift (in Ton)
Termination level Embedded length Diameter of Piles in m
of pile in m below of pile in m below
river bed level scour depth 1.5 1.8
41 19 396.1 475.3 Pile terminating in
43 21 429.0 514.8 cohesive soils

45 23 491.9 590.3 Pile terminating in


cohesion-less
48 26 720.5 864.5 granular soils

97
3.3) Lateral Pile Capacity
Lateral Capacity is worked out as follows;
Subgrade modulus of the soil immediately below scour depth and for a hard consistency soils is taken as
90 MN/m3 (for UCS > 400 kN/m2 the k1 > 72 MN/m3, however, considering slightly higher value of 90
MN/m3).
a) Stiffness factor R in m = 4√ (EI / KB)
Where E = 5000 √ fck = 31622.78 MPa = 31622.78 MN/m2 for M 40 grade concrete,
I = π d4 / 64 = 0.515 m4, B = diameter of pile = 1.8m,
K = (0.3 * k1) / (1.5 * B) = 90 * 0.3 / (1.5 * 1.8) = 10 MN / m4
R = 4√ (31622.78 * 0.515 /(10 * 1.8)) = 5.49 m

b) L1/R = 22/5.49 = 4.0, From fig 4 of IS 2911 part 1/ sec2, 2010,


Lf/R for fixed head pile = 1.49 and Lf/R = 1.36 for free head pile, in case of preloaded clays
Therefore depth of fixity Lf = 1.49 * 5.49 = 8.17 m for a fixed head pile and 7.46m for a free head piles

c) Allowable horizontal force on a fixed head pile with 22m free length shall be H = 12EIy / (L1 + Lf)3
= 12 * 31622.78 * 0.515 * 0.005 / (22 + 8.17)3 = 0.0356 MN say 3.56 T
Allowable horizontal force on a free head pile with 22m free length shall be H = 3EIy / (L1 + Lf)3
= 3 * 31622.78 * 0.515 * 0.005 / (22 + 7.46)3 = 0.00955 MN say 0.96 T
(Where deflection of 5mm considered at 22m i.e. scour depth)

d) Allowable moment capacity = m H (L1 + Lf) / 2 for a fixed head pile of 1.8m dia and in preloaded clay
= 0.95 * 3.56 * (22 + 8.17) / 2 = 51 Tm
Allowable moment capacity = m H (L1 + Lf) / 2 for a fixed head pile of 1.8m dia and in preloaded clay
= 0.77 * 0.96 * (22 + 7.46) = 21.7 Tm
Thus summarizing the calculations the lateral capacity of long elastic pile with M 40 grade of concrete
and having free length of 22m can be summarized s below,
Diameters in m 1.50 1.80
3
Subgrade reaction in MN/m 90.0 90.0
Stiffness factor R in m 4.57 5.49
Free length due to scour depth in m 22.00 22.00
Depth of fixity in m Free Head 6.17 7.46
Fixed Head 6.72 8.17
Ultimate Horizontal Force in T Free Head 0.53 0.96
Fixed Head 1.99 3.56
Ultimate Moment capacity in Tm Free Head 12.2 21.7
Fixed Head 27.2 51.0

4) Notes:
1. Initial and routine pile load tests shall be carried out on the piles at site to confirm the capacity of
pile worked out theoretically. For design and construction, specification of IS: 2911 (Part 1/sec 2),
2010 shall strictly be followed.
2. Termination depth of pile shall be from the river bed level. Concrete mix shall be designed for min
M 40.

Dr. K. K. Thaker

98
CALCULATION OF PILE CAPACITY
Limiting overburden pressure 15 times dia of pile below cut off level
Limiting overburden pressure for skin friction 15 times dia of pile
Calculation of point bearing resistance of pile
Dia of pile, B 1.8 m
Effective density of submerged earth 1 t/m3
Effective density of dry earth 2 t/m3
Depth of water table below ground level 0.00 m
Angle of repose at founding level 0 Degree
Cut off level below ground level 0 m
Founding level of pile below ground level 39 m
Length of pile shaft 39 m
Effective overburden pressure at pile tip 19.50 t/m2
Nc (as per IS:2911) 9.00
Nq (as per IS:2911) 0.00
Ng (As per IS:6403) 0.00
2
Cross sectional area of pile 2.545 m
2
Cohesion at pile tip 31.2 t/m
Ultimate point bearing resistance of pile 714.5 t

Calculation of skin friction of pile


Coefficient of earth pressure, K = 1.00
Surface Effective Reductio
Top of Bottom Height of area of Effective overburd Angle of Ultimate n factor, Cohesion Ultimate Total
layer of layer layer pile Density en repose capacity a t/m2 capacity capacity
0 1 1 5.655 1.00 0.00 0 0.00 0 0 0.00 0.00 PILE-CUTOFF
1 2 1 5.655 1.00 0.00 0 0.00 0 0 0.00 0.00
2 3 1 5.655 1.00 0.00 0 0.00 0 0 0.00 0.00
3 4 1 5.655 1.00 0.00 0 0.00 0 0 0.00 0.00
4 5 1 5.655 1.00 0.00 0 0.00 0 0 0.00 0.00
5 6 1 5.655 1.00 0.00 0 0.00 0 0 0.00 0.00
6 7 1 5.655 1.00 0.00 0 0.00 0 0 0.00 0.00
7 8 1 5.655 1.00 0.00 0 0.00 0 0 0.00 0.00
8 9 1 5.655 1.00 0.00 0 0.00 0 0 0.00 0.00
9 10 1 5.655 1.00 0.00 0 0.00 0 0 0.00 0.00
10 11 1 5.655 1.00 0.00 0 0.00 0 0 0.00 0.00
11 12 1 5.655 1.00 0.00 0 0.00 0 0 0.00 0.00
12 13 1 5.655 1.00 0.00 0 0.00 0 0 0.00 0.00
13 14 1 5.655 1.00 0.00 0 0.00 0 0 0.00 0.00
14 15 1 5.655 1.00 0.00 0 0.00 0 0 0.00 0.00
15 16 1 5.655 1.00 0.00 0 0.00 0 0 0.00 0.00
16 17 1 5.655 1.00 0.00 0 0.00 0 0 0.00 0.00
17 18 1 5.655 1.00 0.00 0 0.00 0 0 0.00 0.00
18 19 1 5.655 1.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.3 31.2 52.93 52.93
19 20 1 5.655 1.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.3 31.2 52.93 52.93
20 21 1 5.655 1.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.3 31.2 52.93 52.93
21 22 1 5.655 1.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.3 31.2 52.93 52.93
22 23 1 5.655 1.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.3 31.2 52.93 52.93
23 24 1 5.655 1.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.3 31.2 52.93 52.93
24 25 1 5.655 1.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.3 31.2 52.93 52.93
25 26 1 5.655 1.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.3 31.2 52.93 52.93
26 27 1 5.655 1.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.3 31.2 52.93 52.93 MSL
27 28 1 5.655 1.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.3 31.2 52.93 52.93
28 29 1 5.655 1.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.3 31.2 52.93 52.93
29 30 1 5.655 1.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.3 31.2 52.93 52.93
30 31 1 5.655 1.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.3 31.2 52.93 52.93
31 32 1 5.655 1.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.3 31.2 52.93 52.93
32 33 1 5.655 1.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.3 31.2 52.93 52.93
33 34 1 5.655 1.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.3 31.2 52.93 52.93
34 35 1 5.655 1.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.3 31.2 52.93 52.93
35 36 1 5.655 1.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.3 31.2 52.93 52.93
36 37 1 5.655 1.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.3 31.2 52.93 52.93
37 38 1 5.655 1.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.3 31.2 52.93 52.93
38 39 1 5.655 1.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.3 31.2 52.93 52.93 FL
39 40 1 5.655 1.000 0.00 0 0.00 0.3 31.2 52.93 52.93

Total 0.00 1164.5 1164.45


Ultimate Skin Friction of pile = 1164.5 t
Safe load carrying capacity of pile (Factor of safety = 2.5 )
714.5 + 1164.5 = 285.8 + 465.8
2.5 2.5
= 752 t

99
RIVET THEORY REFERENCES

100
356 Foundation Design

excessive differences in the loads, the center of the force system may be very far away from the
geometric center of the points of application of the loads. In such a case the center has to be
limited to the middle third of the area over which the loads are spread or else the moments
coming on the pile cap may become excessive.

10.5.3 Pile Configuration


The number of piles can be easily selected on the basis of the axial and lateral loads on the
system and the axial and lateral capacities of the piles. There are two criteria which govern the
initial selection of the pile configuration:

1. The pile group should be oriented such that the length of the group lies in the direction
perpendicular to the axis having a greater moment. Since the piles have now been oriented with
respect to the loads, this leaves us to choose only between two perpendicular directions.
2. The pile group should be oriented such that the length of the group lies as far as possible
along the length of the load system.

On the basis of these two criteria an initial number is assigned according to which we can
choose an appropriate length to width ratio of the group.

10.5.4 Checks Imposed on the Pile Group


Checks are imposed on the selected pile group in stages. Initially a check for the extent of the
load and the pile group is imposed in order to ensure that the loads do not come on the pile cap at
a point outside the pile group. This would result in excessive moments in the pile cap. It is
assumed that all loads Px, Py, and Pz transmitted from the superstructure are shared by piles in
the group in proportion to their areas of cross section.
Next, checks are imposed such that the individual piles have adequate factors of safety
against axial load, lateral load, moments and combined axial and lateral load. The axial load
coming on a pile is calculated by the expression
Pz Ai Mx yi Ai My xi Ai
Pzi ¼ P   ð10:4Þ
Ai Ixx Iyy
where
Pzi is the axial load coming on the i-th pile
n is number of piles in the group
Pz is the resultant of all the vertical loads
Mx is the resultant moment about the x axis
My is the resultant moment about the y axis.
Ai is the area of cross section of the i-th pile. If Ai is the same for all the piles (i ¼ 1 to n) in the
group, then PAiA ¼ 1n and the first term on the right hand side (RHS) of Equation (10.4) simplifies
i
as Pnz .
xi,yi are the x, y coordinates of the i-th pile with respect to the origin (C.G. of pile group). x, y,
z are the right handed coordinate axes as shown in Figure 10.4.
Ixx, Iyy and Izz are the moments of inertia of the pile group about the x, y and z axes
respectively. Ixx , Iyy and Izz are obtained as given below (using parallel axes theorem and
neglecting the moments of inertia of the pile cross sections about their own axes).

101
Design of Piles and Pile Groups 357

P
Ixx ¼ A1 y21 þ A2 y22 þ    þ An y2n ¼ Ai y2i
P
Iyy ¼ A1 x21 þ A2 x22 þ    þ An x2n ¼ Ai x2i ð10:5Þ
P 2
Izz ¼ Ixx þ Iyy ¼ Ai r i
where
r2i ¼ x2i þ y2i
The lateral loads coming on any pile along x and y direction (horizontal axes) can be
expressed as
Px Ai M z y i Ai
Phxi ¼ P  ð10:6Þ
Ai Izz
Py Ai M z xi A i
Phyi ¼ P þ ð10:7Þ
Ai Izz
Thus the resultant horizontal load on the i-th pile is
qffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi
Phi ¼ P2hxi þ P2hyi ð10:8Þ
where
Phxi is the lateral load coming on the i-th pile in the x direction.
Phyi is the lateral load coming on the i-th pile in the y direction.
Px is the resultant of all the horizontal loads in the x direction.
Py is the resultant of all the horizontal loads in the y direction.
Mz is the torsional moment about the z axis.
xi, yi are the x and y coordinates of the i-th pile with respect to the origin (C.G. of pile group).
Ai is the area of the i-th pile. If Ai is the same for all the piles (i ¼ 1 to n) in the group, then Ai /
S Ai ¼ 1/n and the first term on the right hand side (RHS) of Equations (10.6) and (10.7)
P
simplifies as Pnx and ny respectively.
Izz is the torsional moment of inertia of the pile group.

The safety against combined axial and lateral load can be checked by treating the pile as a
column under combined axial and lateral load.
After this the pile group is checked for group capacities. Finally a check on the settlements of
the individual piles as well as on the pile group is made.
It is possible, that after all these checks there are several alternative designs feasible. In order
to make a final choice a representative economic analysis is made. Three factors are considered
in the economic analysis:

1. The quantity of concrete


2. The quantity of steel
3. Additional costs per unit length of the pile which could be interpreted as the cost of
installation of the pile.

10.6 Lateral Capacity of Piles


Deep foundations subjected to lateral loads should be designed so that they satisfy the
following conditions (Iyer, 1995):

102
103
104

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