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Mushroom cultivation is one of the most significant agriculture business in the world.
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Mushrooms contain more protein than fruits & vegetable and, Mushrooms can also be low
in cholesterol.
Apart from their protein content, mushrooms can also be high in certain vitamins like B, C,
vitamin D, riboflavin, thiamine nicotinic acid.
Also an excellent source of iron, Potassium, and potassium along with folic acid, a
component known for improving the blood and avoidance deficiencies.
There are two chief forms of mushroom growers in India, seasonal farmers and commercial
mushroom framer who take production continue entire year.
Mostly both develop white button mushroom to your domestic market and export.
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The seasonal button mushroom growers are restricted to temperate regions like Himachal
Pradesh, Jammu, and Kashmir, hilly areas of Uttar Pradesh, hilly areas in Tamil Nadu and
North Eastern areas where farmers take 2-3 plants of button mushrooms at a year
In India there are various government & NGO organization provide, provide mushroom
cultivation training. However, NRCM is pioneer institute provides training.
Also, our Indian government promoting mushroom cultivation hence they give subsidy
under a different scheme like national horticulture board, Ministry of food processing,
APEDA
1. The mushroom farm should be closer to the house of the farmer for successful
Participation and monitoring purpose
2. Availability of lots of water in the farm
3. Easy accessibility to raw materials at competitive prices in the region
4. Simple access to labor at more affordable prices.
5. Availability of power at competitive prices, as electricity is a significant input in
mushroom cultivation
6. The farm should be from industrial pollutants such as chemical fumes,
7. There should be provision for sewage disposal
8. There should be provision for future growth in the farm.
Types of Mushrooms
There is various type of edible mushroom available in the world but in India mostly four type
mushroom cultivated.
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1. White Button Mushroom
2. Portobello Mushroom
3. Dhingri (Oyster) Mushroom
4. Paddy Straw Mushroom
Among all above White Button mushroom has high demand the most popular hence most
farmer select this variety for commercially mushroom farming.
Average price for white button mushroom is in between 50-100 rs per kg this depends
upon market demand. White Button mushroom is mostly consumed mostly hotels and metro
cities.
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For the cultivation of button mushroom “Agaricus bisporus” species is chosen because,
Regarding production, it comes first place in the world.
1. Mushroom Spawn
2. preparing of compost
3. Spawning of mulch
4. Casing
5. Cropping and harvest administration
Mushroom Spawn:
Spawn is planting material for mushroom cultivation that is it is a seed of mushroom. For
the preparation of mushroom spawn required greater technical skill & investment mostly
mushroom spawn produce large institute.
Preparing of compost
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Compost is an artificially prepared growth medium from which mushroom can derive
essential nutrients necessary for growth.
Longer Method
Short Method
Short Method takes less time to prepare compost than longer method but requires more
capital and resources. The compost made by the short method is suitable for high yielding
mushroom production.
Longer Method:
This is an outdoor procedure and takes around 28 days in its conclusion with a total of
seven turnings.
Ingredient weight
Wheat bran 15 kg
Urea 4 kg
Muriate of Potash 3 kg
Superphosphate 3 kg
Gypsum 20 Kg
Before creating compost, The mixture of wheat straw is placed for 1-2 days (24-48 hours)
on the floor and spray water several times in a day with a fixed time interval.
Day 0:
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In this stage, the above Ingredient except Gypsum is mixed well and make a 5-feet-wide, 5-
foot-high stack. With wooden box help or any other equipment.
The length of the stack depends on the amount of material, but the height and width should
not be more or less than the measurements written above and It kept as it is as for five
days.
Water is spray as per the requirement of lower moisture in the outer layers. The
temperature of this stack in about two to three days gets around 65-70 ° C, which is a good
sign.
Keep in mind that during the turning point, each part of the stack should be thoroughly
mixed, and enough air circulates so that humidity to get rid of each piece of compost.
If the moisture content in the compost is reduced, then the water is sprayed as per the
requirement. The size and size of the new pile are similar to the first one.
To know the level of moisture, press the compost in the palm and check moister level;
if the fingers become wet on the press, but the water with the compost does not squeeze,
in this condition, the humidity level is appropriate in the compost
in this situation, in the compost, 68-70 Percent moisture is present which is suitable for
seed production.
To check ammonia, in compost, the compost is smoked, I if there is the smell of ammonia,
give the difference of 3 days should provide one or two flip-outs.
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When the smell of ammonia is finally finished, and the sweet aroma comes from the
compost, then compost is spread on the floor and let it cool down to 25 degree Celsius
temperature.
Short Method
Compost prepared by this method gives the high-quality product, and there is very little
chance of infections.
Ingredient weight
Wheat bran 60 kg
Urea 15 kg
Gypsum 50 Kg
I- Outdoor composting
Mix Wheat straw with chicken manure and spray water. First turning start on the fourth day
and create 45cm high heap.
On the seventh day start second turning whet bran, urea and gypsum are add mix
thoroughly and maintain inner temperature of the compost in between 70-75 ° C.
on the tenth day, compost is a transferred toward pasteurization tunnel and start second
phase indoor composting.
Fill Compost in the pasteurization tunnel and the moment the compost at the tunnel has
stuffed the doors, and new air damper is appropriately closed, and the blower is placed on
for recirculation of air @ 150-250 cubic meter/ 1000 pound compost/ hour.
Spawning
The seeds are a mix of the compost. Before seeding, wash the utensils used in seeding
and seeding in 2% formalin solution and wash the hands of the person working in the
seedling with soap so that any infection can be avoided.
After this, add seed to 0.5 to 0.75 percent, that is, 100 kg G 500-750 grams of seeds are
sufficient for ready compost.
Casing soil
The importance of casing soil would be to keep the moisture content and exchange of
pollutants inside the top layer of the compost which assists in the correct development of
the mycelium. The pH of this casing soil should be 7.5-7.8 and have to be free of any
disease.
The casing soil is stacked on the cemented ground and can be treated with 4% formalin
solution. Through rotation of the ground is completed and it’s covered with polythene sheet
for another 3-4 days. Pasteurization of shell soil at 65° C for 6-8 hours is shown to be a lot
more successful.
3-4cm thick coating of casing soil has been spread thickly on the compost once the surface
was coated with white mycelium of this fungus. Formalin solution (0.5 percent) is
subsequently being sprayed. Appropriate ventilation ought to be organized together with
water being sprayed a couple of times every day.
Harvesting of crop
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Mushroom Pinhead initiation starts after 10-12 days and mushroom crop harvested in 50-
60 days. The crop should be harvested before the gills available because this might
diminish its quality and market worth.
Mushroom Productivity
Generally from the longer method of composting 14-18 kg mushroom produce & 18 – 20
kg mushroom produced from the short method from 1000 kg compost
fixed cost
Total 28000
variable cost
Miscellaneous 1500
Total 27000
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Return
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