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Store and transmit hereditary information. A biological (DNA and RNA) that allows
organisms to reproduce. It is joined by phosphodiester linkages between the phosphate
of a nucleotide and the sugar of the next nucleotide.
DNA and RNA are the molecules that enable living organisms to reproduce their
complex equipment from one generation to the next.
- It is the genetic material that organism inherit from their parents. A very long and
consist of hundreds or thousands of genes, each occupying a specific position along
the single molecule.
- A DNA molecule stores the coded instruction for the synthesis of a specific protein. It
does not make protein.
Where do you think the gene directs the instruction for synthesizing the
protein?
- Into a type of RNA called messenger RNA or mRNA
The DNA contains the coded instruction for protein. Instead, the gene directs the
synthesis to a type of RNA called messenger RNA (mRNA) The mRNA molecule
than interacts with the protein synthesizing machinery to direct the production of
polypeptide.
DNA – deoxyribose
RNA – ribose
Each of this family has a specific nitrogenous base/s that differ only in the functional
groups affected to the rings.
Cytosine
Pyrimidines
Thymine
Adenine
Purines
Guanine
They are working at Cambridge University, first proposed double-helix as the Three-
Dimensional structure of DNA:
1.) The two sugar-phosphate backbones are on the outside of the helix.
2.) The nitrogenous bases are paired in the interior of the helix
Most DNA molecules are very long – some are millimeters – with thousands or even
millions of base pairs holding the two chains together.