Adamson University

College of Engineering

Mechanical Engineering Department

In partial fulfillment of the Requirement for the Course in Machine

Elements 2:

2nd Semester SY 2016-2017

“Development of Mechanism for Water Well Pump

Jack”

Name:

36, Sison, Mark Joseph D.C.

Student Number:

201410071

Instructor:

Engr. Basil Aloysius P. Bautista

Date of Submission:

March 24, 2017

 Rubrics for the Final Requirement for Machine Elements

Criteria Points Score

Geometrical Model 20

Content of the Paper 20

Mechanical Components 10

Statement of the Problem 10

Paper Presentation 10

Conclusion 10

Computation 10

Appendix 10

Total 100

Checked by:

Engr. Basil Aloysius P. Bautista

“To be successful Mechanical Engineers persistent and effort is needed, surpassing the
expectations of other to you will be key to your success. Always do your best at any task
you are given, not just to finished the task but to surpass it even more”
 I. ABSTRACT

You will see in this book all about the water well pumpjack. A machine used to lift
the water below the ground. In this book, you will see its mechanism and how it works as
well as an introduction about the mechanism. This book will define all its system and
dimensions and how it is computed. Real-life application of this machine will also be
shown as well as the student’s conclusion about this project.
 II. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to thank the Lord for giving me strength and my parents especially my
mom who is the reason I study with perseverance and hard work.
 III. TABLE OF CONTENTS

Abstract…………………………………………………………………………...I
Acknowledgement………………………………………………………..............II
Table of Contents………………………………………………………………...III
Chapter 1. Introduction…………………………………………………............…1
Chapter 2. Objectives……………………………………………………........…...2
Chapter 3. Design Sketch…………………………………………………........….3
Chapter 4. Components with Dimension……………………………………....….7
4.1. Helical Gears………………………………………………...….…...7
4.2. Belt and Pulley…………………………………………...….………8
4.3. Spur Gears……………………………………………………....…...9
Chapter 5. Specification Table……………………………………………………10
Table 5.1. Helical Gears…………………………………………………10
Table 5.2. Belt and Pulley.........................................................................10
Table 5.3. Spur Gear..................................................................................11
Chapter 6. Computation...........................................................................................11
Computation 6.1. Helical Gears................................................................11
Computation 6.2. Belt and Pulley.............................................................14
Computation 6.3. Spur Gears....................................................................16
Chapter 7. How Does Your Mechanical System Works?........................................18
Chapter 8. Application.............................................................................................21
Chapter 9. Conclusion..............................................................................................22
Appendix..................................................................................................................IV
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION

Ground water has been a source of drinking water and irrigation since the dawn of
recorded history. It is the most important natural resources because of the physiological
needs of man, animal, and plant. It not only supports life on earth, but also governs the
economic, industrial, and agricultural growth of nation.

The many uses of water – agricultural, domestic, industrial, pollution control,

recreation, maintenance of aquatic life, power generation and navigation – are all related
to the economic, mental, and physical health of the world’s population. Water is required
not only in sufficient quantity, but of potable quality to live a healthy life and amongst the
different components of the water resources of a nation, ground water is the most widely
distributed, dependable and pure.

The requirement though in order to for us to acquire this water is by lifting it from
below the ground. In the old days of civilization, man and animal power were used for
water lifts. When ways of obtaining mechanical advantage became known, man began to
apply the principles of simple machines, like the lever, pulley, screw, and inclined pane in
lifting the water. This was followed by the development of positive – displacement piston
pumps operated manually or by windmills. The advent of mechanical power and modern
machinery revolutionized the technology of water lifts to meet almost any requirement.
And thus, water pump jack machines have been developed.

A water well pump jack is a device used to mechanically lift the water from below
the ground using a sucker rod. These sucker rods work in a reciprocating motion and as it
moves up and down it increases the pressure from the well and lifts the water from the
reservoir to the surface. These machines are powered by prime movers or electric motors

1
CHAPTER 2. OBJECTIVES

The water well pump jack uses a mechanism that converts rotary motion to
reciprocating linear motion. So, the main objective is to design a mechanism that compose
of simple machines that will convert a rotary motion to linear motion.

The movement of the sucker rod that is derived from a crank and connecting rod
mechanism. The sucker rod also must be long enough to reach the ground water.

The prime mover is an AC motor and it will connect to a gearbox which composes
of a pair of helical gears.

The helical gears will then connect to belt and pulley mechanism.

The last pulley of the mechanism will have a shaft inserted from its center hole that
have two spur gears at the two ends of the shaft.

These two spur gears will have a pair that must be ideally large and these gears will
each have a connecting rod that must also be connected to the sucker rod.

The first pair of the mechanism which are the helical gears produces a rotary motion
up to the last pair of spur gears. It is the connecting rod of the last spur gear that will convert
the motion to linear by connecting it to a vertical body that will slide the sucker rod up and
down.

The final output of the mechanism must have a low rpm (revolution per minute) so
that the life of the machine would not be short.

2
CHAPTER 3. DESIGN SKETCH

This chapter contains the full design sketch of a water well pump jack with the important
parts being labeled and function and various views were also shown.

Isometric View This rigid body will be the cause of

reciprocating linear motion of the
sucker rod. The pipe is also inserted
in this body for the water to flow
when it is lifted. Power = 15
HP
RPM = 1800

The large spur gear has a

connecting rod that is
connected also to the sucker
rod

The motor for

Two helical gears are this component
inserted inside the is an AC electric
gearbox. The motor. They are
function of these simple and less
pair would be expensive but
increasing the rotary with high
movement that will efficiency. This
be transfer to the motor has a
small pulley pulley that will
connected to the connect to the
The large pulley shaft of the first
shaft of the last
has a long shaft helical gear
helical gear
that is inserted
on its hole with
two gears
connected on
The water will flow through this pipe as the both end sides
sucker rod is lifting the water from below of the shaft
the ground

3
Top View

Front View

4
Left – Side View

Right – Side View

5
Mechanism of the Pump jack

The figure below shows the revolution per minute of each pair starting from the initial input
of 1800 rpm which came from the motor then up to the last output of 250 rpm which is
from the spur gears

PAIRS 3: SPUR GEARS

N6 = 250 RPM N5 = 1500 RPM

PAIR 1: HELICAL GEARS

N2=5400 RPM N1 = 1800 RPM

PAIR 2: BELT AND PULLEY

N4 = 1500 RPM N3 = 5400 RPM

PAIRS 4: SPUR GEARS

N6’ = 250 RPM N5’ = 1500 RPM
Motor

6
CHAPTER 4. COMPONENTS WITH DIMENSION

In this chapter the sketches of each parts are shown together with their system and
dimensions. The units are in inches.

Figure 4.1 Helical Gears

The figure below shows the helical gear in isometric view together with its system and
dimensions.

First Pair: Helical Gears (Speed Ratio 3:1) (Diametral Pitch = 4) (Pressure Angle:20°)

D = 3 in.
2 D = 9 in.
1
No. of teeth = 12 teeth
No. of teeth = 36 teeth
N = 5400 rpm
2 N = 1800 rpm
1

Center Distance = 8.64 in.

7
Figure 4.2 Belt and pulley

The figure below shows the belt and pulley mechanism together with their system and
dimensions.

Second Pair: Belt and Pulley (Speed Ratio 18:5) (Belt:Rubber)

Cdistance = 36 in.

Lbelt = 109 in.

N4 = 1500 RPM
D4 = 18 in. N3 = 5400 RPM
D3 = 5 in.

8
Figure 4.3. Spur Gears

The figure below shows the spur gears with their system as well as dimensions

Third and Fourth Pairs: Spur Gears (Speed Ratio 6:1) (Diametral Pitch = 4) (Pressure
Angle:20°)

Center Distance = 10.56 in.

D = 18 in.
6
Number of teeth = 72
N = 250 rpm
6

D = 3 in.
5
Number of teeth = 12 teeth
N = 1500 rpm
5

9
CHAPTER 5. SPECIFICATION TABLE

In this chapter, the specification table were listed for the mechanism of the water well pump
jack

Table 5.1. Helical Gears (Pair 1) (Speed Ratio 3:1) (Helix Angle:45°) (Pressure Angle:20°)

System Driver (Left Hand) Driven (Right Hand)

Number of Teeth 36 12
Addendum 0.25 0.25
Dedendum 0.28925 0.28925
Clearance 0.03925 0.03925
Working Depth 0.5 0.5
Total Depth 0.53925 0.53925
Outside Diameter 9.5 3.5
Tooth Thickness 0.3927 0.3927
Tooth Space 0.3927 0.3927
Fillet Radius 0.059 0.059
Addendum Circle 9.5 3.5
Pitch Diameter 9 3
Base Circle 8.4572 2.8191
Dedendum Circle 8.4215 2.4215
Table 5.1 shows the specification of the helical gear mechanism with all its system and
dimension starting from the driver which is connected to the motor to its mating gear.

Table 5. 2. Belt and Pulley (Speed Ratio 18:5) (Belt:Rubber)

System Dimension
Small Pulley (Diameter) 5 in.
Large Pulley (Diameter) 8 in.
Center Distance 36 in.
Bore Diameter (Small Pulley) 1.5626 in
Bore Diameter (Large Pulley) 1.9376 in
Length of Belt 109 in.

10
 Belt Thickness 0.315
Belt Width 1.6 in
Table 5.2 shows the specification of the belt and pulley mechanism. It states all the system
required as well as its dimensions

Table 5.3. Spur Gears (Pairs 3 & 4) (Speed Ratio 6:1) (Pressure Angle: 20°)

System Driver Driven

Number of Teeth 12 72
Addendum 0.25 0.25
Dedendum 0.28925 0.28925
Clearance 0.03925 0.03925
Working Depth 0.5 0.5
Total Depth 0.53925 0.53925
Outside Diameter 3.5 18.5
Tooth Thickness 0.3927 0.3927
Tooth Space 0.3927 0.3927
Fillet Radius 0.059 0.059
Addendum Circle 3.5 18.5
Pitch Diameter 3 18
Base Circle 2.8191 16.9145
Dedendum Circle 2.4215 17.4215
Table 5.3 shows the specification of the spur gear mechanism that states the system and
dimension of the driver and driven gear.

CHAPTER 6. COMPUTATION

The computation for the dimensions and other system of helical gears, belt and pulley, and
spur gears are shown in this chapter.

Computation 6.1. Helical Gears

Helical Gears (Pair 1) (Speed Ratio 3:1) (Helix Angle:45°) (Pressure Angle:20°)
(Diametral Pitch = 4)

11
For Driver:
1 1
Addendum= = =0.25
Pd 4

1.157 1.157
Dedendum= = =0.28925
Pd 4

0.157 0.157
Clearance= = =0.03925
Pd 4

2 2
Working Depth= = =0.5
Pd 4

2.157 2.157
Total Depth= = =0.53925
Pd 4

T+2 36+2
Outside diameter= = =𝟗. 𝟓
Pd 4

1.5708 1.5708
Tooth Thickness= = =0.3927
Pd 4

1.5708 1.5708
Tooth Space= = =0.3927
Pd 4

0.236 0.236
Fillet Radius= = =0.059
Pd 4

Addendum Circle=D+2(Addendum)
=9+2(0.25)
=9.5

Dedendum Circle=D-2(Dedendum)
=9-2(0.28925)
=8.4215

12
Base Circle=Dcosθ
=9(cos20°)
=8.4572

Pitch Diameter = 9 in.

For Driven:
1 1
Addendum= = =0.25
Pd 4

1.157 1.157
Dedendum= = =0.28925
Pd 4

0.157 0.157
Clearance= = =0.03925
Pd 4

2 2
Working Depth= = =0.5
Pd 4

2.157 2.157
Total Depth= = =0.53925
Pd 4

T+2 12+2
Outside diameter= = =3.5
Pd 4

1.5708 1.5708
Tooth Thickness= = =0.3927
Pd 4

1.5708 1.5708
Tooth Space= = =0.3927
Pd 4

0.236 0.236
Fillet Radius= = =0.059
Pd 4

Addendum Circle=D+2(Addendum)
=3+2(0.25)
=3.5

13
Dedendum Circle=D-2(Dedendum)
=3-2(0.28925)
=2.4215

Base Circle=Dcosθ
=3(cos20°)
=2.8191

Pitch Diameter = 3 in.

Computation 6.2. Belt and Pulley

B. Belt and Pulley (Pair 2) (Belt: Rubber)

Diameter of small shaft = 5 in.

Diameter of large shaft = 18 in.

Revolution of small shaft = 5400 RPM

N1D1 = N2D2
5400(5) = N2(18)
N2 = 1500 RPM

Belt width = 1.6 in.

Belt thickness = 0.315 in.
f = 0.045 (belt)
Center Distance = 36 in.

For contact angles,

D2 -D1 18-5
α = sin-1 ( ) = sin-1 ( ) = 10.402°
2C 2(36)

14
θ1 =180-2α=159.196°
θ2 =180-2α=200.804°

For Length of Belt,

π (D2 -D1 )2 π (18-5)2

Lbelt = (D2 +D1 )+2C+ = (18+5 )+2(36)+ =109 in.
2 4C 2 4(36)

For Velocity of Belt,

π 1 ft Rev 1 min
𝑣𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑡 = πD1 N1 = (5 in × ) (5400 )( ) =118 fps
Rev 12 in min 60 sec

For Coefficient of Friction,

π
𝑒 𝑓𝜃 = 𝑒 (0.045)(159.196×180) = 1.133

For Centrifugal Tension,

12ρbtv2s 12(0.045)(1.6)(0.315)(118)2
𝐹𝑐 = = =117.69 lbf
32.2 32.2

For Net Belt Pull,

Powerbelt =(F1 − F2 )(𝑣𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑡 )

ft-lb
Powerbelt 15 HP(550 sec )
(F1 − F2 ) = = = 69.915 lbf
𝑣𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑡 118 fps

For Design Stress (Solve for F1 first),

15
 𝑒 𝑓𝜃 − 1
(F1 − F2 )=(F1 -Fc ) ( 𝑓𝜃 )
𝑒
1.133 − 1
69.915=( F1 − 117.69)( )
1.133

Then, F1 = 713.28 lbf

F 713. 28 lbf
F1 = Sd(bt) ; Sd = bt1 = = 1415.25 psi or 1.42 ksi
(0.315)(1.6)in2

Computation 6.3. Spur Gears

C. Spur Gears (Pairs 3 and 4) (Speed Ratio: 6:10) (Pressure Angle: 20°)

For Driver:
1 1
Addendum= = =0.25
Pd 4

1.157 1.157
Dedendum= = =0.28925
Pd 4

0.157 0.157
Clearance= = =0.03925
Pd 4

2 2
Working Depth= = =0.5
Pd 4

2.157 2.157
Total Depth= = =0.53925
Pd 4

T+2 12+2
Outside diameter= = =3.5
Pd 4

1.5708 1.5708
Tooth Thickness= = =0.3927
Pd 4

1.5708 1.5708
Tooth Space= = =0.3927
Pd 4

0.236 0.236
Fillet Radius= = =0.059
Pd 4

16
Addendum Circle=D+2(Addendum)
=3+2(0.25)
=3.5

Dedendum Circle=D-2(Dedendum)
=3-2(0.28925)
=2.4215

Base Circle=Dcosθ
=3(cos20°)
=2.8191

Pitch Diameter = 3 in.

For Driven:
1 1
Addendum= = =0.25
Pd 4

1.157 1.157
Dedendum= = =0.28925
Pd 4

0.157 0.157
Clearance= = =0.03925
Pd 4

2 2
Working Depth= = =0.5
Pd 4

2.157 2.157
Total Depth= = =0.53925
Pd 4

T+2 72+2
Outside diameter= = =3.5
Pd 4

1.5708 1.5708
Tooth Thickness= = =0.3927
Pd 4

17
 1.5708 1.5708
Tooth Space= = =0.3927
Pd 4

0.236 0.236
Fillet Radius= = =0.059
Pd 4

Addendum Circle=D+2(Addendum)
=18+2(0.25)
=18.5

Dedendum Circle=D-2(Dedendum)
=18-2(0.28925)
=17.4215

Base Circle=Dcosθ
=18(cos20°)
=16.9145

Pitch Diameter = 18

CHAPTER 7. HOW DOES YOUR MECHANICAL SYSTEM WORKS

This chapter will discuss how the water well pumpjack mechanism works in details.

The AC motor with a horsepower of 15 and a rotation of 1800 rpm is being deliver
to the helical gear with a diameter of 9 inches by means of using a belt that is connected to
the shaft of the helical gear and motor. The rotation speed of the large gear is being transfer
to its mating gear which has a diameter of 3 inches. Their speed ratio is 3:1 and the rotation
of the small helical gear is 5400. Note that the factors affecting the rotational speed of these
pair would be their diameter as well as the number of their teeth
D1 = 9 inches
D2 = 3 inches N1 = 1800 rpm
N2 = 5400 rpm
AC motor
horsepower = 15
N =1800 rpm

18
 The small helical gear has a shaft that is connected to the pulley which has a
diameter of 5 inches that will connect to the large pulley with a diameter of 18 inches by
means of a rubber belt. The rotation speed of the small pulley would be 5400 rpm and the
rpm of the large pulley would be 1500 rpm. Speed ratio is 18:5

The large pulley has a long shaft inserted in its hole with two spur gears connected
at both ends.

19
 These spur gears connected will have a diameter of 3 inches and its mating gear has
a diameter of 18 inches. Speed ratio is 6:1 and their rotation movement would be 250 and
1500 rpm respectively. The large spur gear has a connecting rod that is also connected to
the sucker rod. The rotary motion of the whole mechanism will be converted into a linear
reciprocating motion by means of having a rigid body that will create a sliding motion back
and forth. The sucker rod will lift the water below the ground and it will flow out with the
help of the pipe inserted in the rigid body.

Connecting rod
Sucker Rod

Rigid Body/Structure

D5 = 3 in.
N5= 1500 rpm

Pipe

D6 = 18 in.
N6 = 250 rpm

20
CHAPTER 8. APPLICATION

In this chapter, the real-life application of the water well pump jack is shown. The
mechanism developed had helped in order to lift the water from below the ground.

21
CHAPTER 9: CONCLUSION

This activity has made me more knowledgeable about simple machines,

particularly the ones that I used which are the belt and pully, helical gears, and spur gears.
Through this mechanism also I had known more about the water well pump jack.

Water well pump jack is indeed a fascinating machine. I love how it was structure
and how its mechanism works. Even though its use is somehow limited and applicable in
some areas only, this machine is helpful to provide groundwater which is our primary
source for living and also for plants and animals.

Through countless hours of watching video tutorials and learning how Solidworks
software is used. I had become happy and somehow proud of what I did in designing this
mechanism. My effort in doing this made me learn something meaningful, it had made me
equipped for the future.

22