1.

Pipa Kaca
Diameter dalam pipa Kaca , D1 = D2 = Di = 24 mm = 0,024 m
Densitas Air = 𝜌 = 1000 kg/m3
Viskositas Air = µ = 1 cp = 10-3 Pa s
Densitas Raksa (Hg) = 𝜌m = 1460 kg/m3

-ΔP = (𝜌m – 𝜌) g (H2-H1)

1) –ΔP = (13600 – 1000) kg/m3 × 9,8 m/s2 × 0,023 m

= 2840,04 Pa
2) –ΔP = (13600 – 1000) kg/m3 × 9,8 m/s2 × 0,022 m
= 2716,56 Pa
3) –ΔP = (13600 – 1000) kg/m3 × 9,8 m/s2 × 0,024 m
= 2963,52 Pa
4) –ΔP = (13600 – 1000) kg/m3 × 9,8 m/s2 × 0,020 m
= 2469,60 Pa
5) –ΔP = (13600 – 1000) kg/m3 × 9,8 m/s2 × 0,026 m
= 3210,48 Pa

𝜋𝐷 2 3,14 𝑥 0,0242
A= 4
= 4
= 4,522 × 10-4 m2

𝑄𝑎
v2 = ( )2
𝐴

0,277𝑥10−3
1) v2 = (4,522𝑥10−4 )2 = 0,375 m2/s2
v = 0,612 m/s 0,287𝑥10−3
4) v2 = (4,522𝑥10−4 )2 = 0,403 m2/s2
0,287𝑥10−3
2) v2 = ( )2 = 0,403 m2/s2 v = 0,635 m/s
4,522𝑥10−4
v = 0,635 m/s 0,294𝑥10−3
5) v2 = (4,522𝑥10−4 )2 = 0,423 m2/s2
0,292𝑥10−3
3) v2 = (4,522𝑥10−4 )2 = 0,417 m2/s2 v = 0,650 m/s
v = 0,646 m/s

−∆𝑃
K = 2( 𝜌𝑣 2 )

2840,04 2963,52
1) K = 2(1000 𝑥 0,375) = 15,147 3) K = 2(1000 𝑥 0,417) = 14,213
2716,56 2469,60
2) K = 2(1000 𝑥 0,403) = 13,482 4) K = 2(1000 𝑥 0,403 ) = 12,256
3210,48
5) K = 2(1000 𝑥 0,423 ) = 15,179
𝑣2
h=K
2

0,375 0,403
1) h = 15,147( ) = 2,840 J/kg 2) h = 13,482( 2
) = 2,717 J/kg
2
 0,417 0,423
3) h = 14,213( 2
)= 2,963 J/kg 5) h = 15,179( 2
) = 3,210 J/kg
0,403
4) h = 12,256( )= 2,469 J/kg
2

𝐷𝑣𝜌
NRe = 𝜇

0,024 𝑥 0,612 𝑥 1000

1) NRe = 10−3
= 14688
0,024 𝑥 0,635 𝑥 1000
2) NRe = 10−3
= 15240
0,024 𝑥 0,646 𝑥 1000
3) NRe = = 15504
10−3
0,024 𝑥 0,635 𝑥 1000
4) NRe = 10−3
= 15240
0,024 𝑥 0,650 𝑥 1000
5) NRe = 10−3
= 15600

Bukaan 𝑉 𝑄𝑎 Rejim
Katup Qa = (-ΔP) NRe v2 = [ ]2 K h Aliran
𝑡 𝐴
Ke- (m3/s)×10-3 (Pa) (m2/s2) (J/Kg)
1 0,277 2840,04 14688 0,375 15,147 2,840 Turbulen
2 0,287 2716,56 15240 0,403 13,482 2,717 Turbulen
3 0,292 2963,52 15504 0,417 14,213 2,963 Turbulen
4 0,287 2469,60 15240 0,403 12,256 2,469 Turbulen
5 0,294 3210,48 15600 0,423 15,179 3,210 Turbulen

Grafik Kapasitas (Qa) vs Head Loss Friction(h)

4
3
Head Loss Friction (J/kg)

3
2
2
1
1
0
0.275 0.28 0.285 0.29 0.295
Kapasitas, Qa (m3/s)
 Grafik Kapasitas (Qa) vs Koefisien Gesekan (K)
16
14
12
Koefisin Gesek, K

10
8
6
4
2
0
0.275 0.28 0.285 0.29 0.295
Kapasitas, Qa (m3/s)
2. Pipa Baja Lurus
Diameter dalam pipa, D1 = D2 = Di = 28 mm = 0,028 m
Densitas Air = 𝜌 = 1000 kg/m3
Viskositas Air = µ = 1 cp = 10-3 Pa s
Densitas Tri Chloro Ethylene (TCE) = 𝜌T = 1460 kg/m3

-ΔP = (𝜌T – 𝜌) g (H2-H1)

1) –ΔP = (1460 – 1000) kg/m3 × 9,8 m/s2 × 0,030 m

= 135,240 Pa
2) –ΔP = (1460 – 1000) kg/m3 × 9,8 m/s2 × 0,027 m
= 121,716 Pa
3) –ΔP = (1460 – 1000) kg/m3 × 9,8 m/s2 × 0,024 m
= 108,192 Pa
4) –ΔP = (1460 – 1000) kg/m3 × 9,8 m/s2 × 0,026 m
= 117,208 Pa
5) –ΔP = (1460 – 1000) kg/m3 × 9,8 m/s2 × 0,019 m
= 85,652 Pa

𝜋𝐷 2 3,14 𝑥 0,0282
A= 4
= 4
= 6,15 × 10-4 m2

𝑄𝑎
v2 = ( 𝐴 )2

0,277𝑥10−3 2
1) v2 = ( ) = 0,203 m2/s2
6,15𝑥10−4
v = 0,450 m/s 0,287𝑥10−3
0,287𝑥10−3 4) v2 = ( 6,15𝑥10−4 )2 = 0,217 m2/s2
2) v2 = ( 6,15𝑥10−4 )2 = 0,217 m2/s2
v = 0,466 m/s
v = 0,466 m/s 0,294𝑥10−3
2 0,292𝑥10−3 5) v2 = ( 6,15𝑥10−4 )2 = 0,228 m2/s2
3) v = ( 6,15𝑥10−4 )2 2
= 0,225 m /s 2
v = 0,477 m/s
v = 0,474 m/s

−∆𝑃
K = 2( 𝜌𝑣 2 )

135,240 117,208
1) K = 2( ) = 1,332 4) K = 2( ) = 1,080
1000 𝑥 0,203 1000 𝑥 0,217
121,716 85,652
2) K = 2(1000 𝑥 0,217) = 1,121 5) K = 2(1000 𝑥 0,228) = 0,751
108,192
3) K = 2(1000 𝑥 0,225) = 0,962

𝑣2
h=K 2

0,203 0,217
1) h = 1,332( 2
) = 0,135 J/kg 4) h = 1,080( 2
) = 0,117 J/kg
0,217 0,228
2) h = 1,121( 2 ) = 0,122 J/kg 6) h = 0,751( 2 ) = 0,085 J/kg
0,225
3) h = 0,962( ) = 0,108 J/kg
2
 𝐷𝑣𝜌
NRe = 𝜇

0,028 𝑥 0,450 𝑥 1000 0,028 𝑥 0,477 𝑥 1000

1) NRe = = 12600 5) NRe = 10−3
= 13356
10−3
0,028 𝑥 0,466 𝑥 1000
2) NRe = 10−3
= 13048
0,028 𝑥 0,474 𝑥 1000
3) NRe = 10−3
= 13272
0,028 𝑥 0,466 𝑥 1000
4) NRe = 10−3
= 13048

Bukaan 𝑉 𝑄𝑎 Rejim
Katup Qa = 𝑡 (-ΔP) NRe v2 = [ 𝐴 ]2 K h Aliran
Ke- (m3/s)×10-3 (Pa) (m2/s2) (J/Kg)
1 0,277 135,240 12600 0,203 1,332 0,135 Turbulen
2 0,287 121,716 13048 0,217 1,121 0,122 Turbulen
3 0,292 108,192 13272 0,225 0,962 0,108 Turbulen
4 0,287 117,208 13048 0,217 1,080 0,117 Turbulen
5 0,294 85,652 13356 0,228 0,751 0,085 Turbulen

Grafik Kapasitas (Qa) vs He

0.16
Head Loss Friction, h(J/kg) 0.14
0.12
0.1
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0
0.275 0.28

Grafik Kapasitas (Qa) vs Koefisien Gesekan (K)

1
1
Koefisien Gesek, K

1
1
1
0
0
0
0.275 0.28 0.285 0.29 0.295
Kapasitas, Qa (m3/s)